Unit5语法一般现在时一般过去时含情态动词的被动语态课件2025-2026学年人教版(2012)英语九年级全册

被动语态 一、英语的谓语动词的语态 We speak English. 主语 谓语 宾语 English is spoken by us. 主语 谓语 宾语 宾变主,主变宾,前加by，用宾格形式。 动变被,看清be, 结构分别be+ done (be动词要人称，数和时态发生变化) 主动语态 被动语态 主动语态变被动语态解题步骤 1. 原句的宾语变为主语（找宾语 ）。 They make shoes in that factory. Shoes are 2. 动词变为相应时态的被动be+done （注意be动词的形式）。 made 3. 原句的主语 变为 by+ 宾格形式。其它照写。 by them in their factory. His mother loves him. He is loved by his mother. 主语 宾语 主语 宾语 be(am/is/are)+done 主动语态 被动语态 谓语 1. 主动语态变被动语态(一般现在时) We speak Chinese. Chinese is spoken by us. 宾语 主语 宾语 be(am/is/are)+done 主动语态 谓语 被动语态 主语 1. He cleans the room every Sunday. ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ 2. People in England speak English. ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ 3. Do you read story books in the evening? ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ 4. She doesn’t finish her homework. ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ 5. When do you water flowers at home? ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ 把主动语态变成被动语态。 The room is cleaned (by him) every Sunday. 强化训练 English is spoken (by people) in England. Are story books read (by you) in the evening? Her homework isn’t finished (by her). When are flowers watered (by you) at home? His mother loved him. He was loved by his mother. 主语 宾语 主语 宾语 be(was/were)+done 主动语态 被动语态 谓语 2. 主动语态变被动语态(一般过去时) We planted trees. Trees were planted by us. 宾语 主语 宾语 be(was/were)+done 主动语态 谓语 被动语态 主语 by The computer club held a writing competition. The fastest player finished the game in eight hours . We took many photos. They used this room for playing table tennis. The bank built a park for them. A writing competition was held by the computer club. The game was finished by the fastest player in eight hours. Many photos were taken by us. A park was built for them by the bank. This room was used for playing table tennis by them. His mother should love him. He should be loved by his mother. 主语 宾语 主语 宾语 情动+be done 主动语态 被动语态 谓语 3. 主动语态变被动语态(含情态动词) We must finish homework. Homework must be finished by us. 宾语 主语 宾语 情动+be done 主动语态 谓语 被动语态 主语 1.You can do the work all by yourself. The work _____ _____ ____ all by yourself. 2.We must plant more trees. More trees _____ _____ ________. 3.We should dig a large hole. A large hole _____ ____ _____. 4.Can we put our bikes here? _____ our bikes ____ _____ here? 5.You mustn’t throw rubbish here. Rubbish ______ _____ ______ here. 6.We can’t see many stars. Many stars ______ ______ _______. can be done must be planted should be dug Can be put mustn’t be thrown can’t be seen 助动词will/be going to+be+及物动词的过去分词(+by词组) 4.一般将来时的被动语态结构： We will write a diary next class. A diary will be written by us next class. Tom is going to hold a birthday party next month. A birthday party is going to be held by Tom next month. 1.We will hold a school meeting next week. A school meeting ____ __ _____ next week. 2.They will set up a Hope School. A Hope School ____ ___ ____ up. 3.He will send a letter to Jim. A letter ____ ___ _____ to Jim. 4.Lucy will clean the windows. The windows ____ ___ _____ ___ Lucy. will be held will be set will be sent will be cleaned by 把下列句子变成被动语态 1. We found some presents in the box. 2. You must finish the article before Friday. 3. He often cleans his room at night. 4. Where did he translate the story? 5. We often hear Marry sing English songs ih her room. 5.He wrote two letters last night. Two letters ____ _____ ___ him last night. 6.He cleaned the room yesterday. The room ____ _______ yesterday. 7.They watered the trees just now. The trees _____ _____ just now. 8.He put his bike under the tree just now. His bike ____ _____ under the tree just now. were written by was cleaned were watered was put 5.We can see the stars at night. The stars ____ ____ ____ at night. 6.He should borrow it from the library. It _____ ____ ________ from the library. can be seen should be borrowed This work may____ _____ today.（finish） Can my bike _____ _______ here? (mend) The cars can ______ _______ here.（park ） 含有情态动词的被动语态，情态动词后面的be 动词用原形 be finished be mended be parked 被动语态的注意事项 句子种类 主+系+表 主+谓 主+谓+宾 主+谓+双宾 主+谓+宾+宾补 √ √ √ 主+ 谓语动词(及物) + 宾语(人)+ 宾语(物). I bought him a gift. He gave me a book. He gave a book to me. 间接宾语(人) 直接宾语(物) 双宾语 I bought a gift for him. give/buy等有些及物动词后面可接双宾语，即指人的间接宾语和指物的直接宾语。还有哪些词呢？ 带双宾语的动词主要有以下几个： give sb sth(give sth to sb tell sb. sth.(tell sth. to sb.) teach sb. sth.(teach sth. to sb.) show sb. sth.(show sth. to sb.) send sb. sth.(send sth. to sb.) lend sb sth(lend sth to sb) pass sb. sth.(pass sth. to sb.) write sb. sth.(write sth. to sb.) bring sb. sth.(bring sth. to sb.) buy sb. sth.(buy sth. for sb.) make sb sth.(make sth. for sb.) cook sb. sth.(cook sth. for sb.) draw sb. sth.(draw sth. for sb.) 思考1：将下列的主动句变为被动语态 1. We gave him some books.(him是间接宾语，some books 是直接宾语。) →He . →Some books . was given some books (by us) were given to him (by us) 2. My mother bought me a new bike.(me是间接宾语 , a new bike 是直接宾语.) →I . →A new bike . was bought a new bike(by my mother) was bought for me (by my mother) 注意1：如果主句中含有双宾语，可以把其中任何一个宾语变成被动语态的主语(有两种形式)，但多以间宾(人)作主语(最好变间宾)；若要变直宾(物)，在be done后(间宾前)要加上____或____。 to for 加to：give/tell/teach/show/lend/pass/write/bring等 加for：buy/make/cook/draw/sing/get等 He gives me the football. I _____ ______ the football by him. The football ______ ______ ______ me by him. am given is given to 2. He will write her a letter. She ___ _____ _____ _______ __him. A letter ____ __ ______ ____ her ___ him. will be written a letter by will be written to 3. Miss Deng teaches us English. We____ _______English ____ Miss Deng. English ___ _____ ___us ____ Miss Deng. are taught is taught to by by by 将下列的主动句变为被动语态： 20 20 一感(feel) 二听(hear/listen to) 三让(have/make/let) 四看(see/watch/look at/notice) 半帮助(help) 在主动语态中，这些词后面跟省略to的不定式(即直接跟动词原形)，如： I saw him play basketball last Sunday. We heard them sing in the classroom. He helped the old man (to) clean the room. He makes the workers work 18 hours a day. see/watch/hear sb. do sth. make/have/let sb. do sth. help sb. (to) do sth. 2. He makes her horse work all day. Her horse all day. 3. My father let me go out for a picnic. I out for a picnic. 4. He helped the old man (to) clean the room. The old man _________________ the room. is made to work was let to go 思考2将下列主动句变为被动语态 1. I usually hear her sing English songs in the morning. She_________________________________in the morning. is usually heard to sing English songs 这些动词真奇怪，主动句中to 离开，被动句中to回来 was helped to clean 注意2：一感(feel) 二听(hear/listen to) 三让(have/make/let) 四看(see/watch/look at/notice) 半帮助(help) 主动语态中，这些词后面跟省略to的不定式(即直接跟动词原形)。但在被动语态中，to不可省略，要在动原前加上to let sb. do sth.-- be let to do sth. have sb. do sth.-- see sb. do sth.-- watch sb. do sth.-- notice sb. do sth.-- find sb. do sth.-- hear sb. do sth.-- feel sb. do sth.-- be had to do sth. be seen to do sth. be watched to do sth. be noticed to do sth. be found to do sth. be heard to do sth. be felt to do sth. make sb. do sth.-- be made to do sth. 被动结构 主动结构 1. Yesterday I noticed Jim play soccer in the yard. Yesterday Jim was noticed ___ __soccer in the yard by me. 2. I saw him play basketball last Sunday. He was seen ___ ____basketball last Sunday. 3. We heard them sing in the classroom. They were heard ____ ____ in the classroom by us. 4. My mother makes me get up early every day. I am made ___ ____up early every day by my mother. to play The boy___ streets without pay(工资) in the old days. 　 A. was made to clean B. made clean C. made to clean D. was made clean to play to sing to get 在主动语态中make，see等动词后接省略to的不定式作宾语补足语，变成被动语态时，不定式符号to要还原。 典例 Though he often made his little sister ________， today he was made ________by his little sister. (汕尾) A．cry；to cry 　　 　 B．crying；crying C．cry；cry D．to cry；cry 【点拨】本题用语法判定法解题。make 用作及物动词，意为“使，让”，在主动语态中其后要跟省略to的不定式作宾语补足语，而在被动语态中，to不能省去。 A 若其后接现在分词(doing)，变被动时，doing保持不变 注意：一感(feel) 二听(hear/listen to) 三让(have/make/let) 四看(see/watch/look at/notice) 半帮助(help) 主动语态： I saw him playing football at that moment. We like watching the monkey climbing. We heard her singing in the room when we passed by. I found her looking through my things. see/watch/hear/notice/find sb. doing sth. I saw him playing football at that moment.(变被动) He ___ ____ _______football at that moment. was seen playing 1. I saw him going into the shop.(主动) He ____ ____ _____into the shop.(被动) 2. They saw the boy playing basketball at 3:00 yesterday. The boy ____ ____ ______ basketball at 3:00 yesterday. 3. We heard Lucy singing in the room. Lucy___ _____ _______in the room. 4. I saw mother planting flowers in the garden. Mother _____ ____ _________flowers in the garden. 将下列主动句变为被动语态 was seen going was seen playing was heard singing was seen planting 注意3：不及物动词没有宾语，因此没有被动语态。但有的不及物动词加上介词或副词，变成“及物动词短语”，可以接宾语，因而也可以变为被动语态。在变成被动语态时，不能丢掉构成短语动词的介词或副词。(要注意动词短语的完整性) 如：1. They take good care of my child. My child is taken good care of (by them). 2. I turned off the radio. The radio was turned off (by me). 3. They put off the meeting because of the weather. The meeting was put off because of the weather. 4. She looked after the baby carefully. The baby was looked after carefully. 约翰打开了收音机。 John turned on the radio. The radio ____ ______ ____. 奶奶照看我姐姐。 Grandma takes care of my sister. My sister __ ____ ____ __ by Grandma. We must speak to old people politely. Old people ____ ___ ______ __politely. was turned on is taken care of must be spoken to 必须照看好孩子们。 The children must be taken good care .( ) The children must be taken good care of .( ) F T 1. 不及物动词/词组没有被动语态。 如：belong, happen, take place(发生)， last(持续), come true, break out(爆发), (dis)appear等。 An accident__________(happen) just now. That bike _________(belong) to Mike. 不用被动语态的情况： happened belongs to I’m sure that my dream ______________(come true) in the future. will come true 2.系动词无被动语态和进行时态 这鱼味道很好。 这条围巾摸上去很软。 The fish ______(taste) good. The scarf _____(feel) soft. 系动词get/turn/become/seem/look/sound/taste/smell/feel/keep等后加形容词作表语时，用主动形式表示被动含义。 tastes feels 3. 某些表示主语质地/特征(事物的自然属性)的不及物动词，如：write, read, sell, clean, wash, drive等，它们的主语为物时，用主动形式表示被动含义(常与well/easily连用)。 This kind of pen ______(write) well. The book ____(sell) well. This dress ______(wash) easily. writes sells washes 4. 动词need/want/require(要求)/be worth(值得)后加doing(动名词)时，用主动形式表示被动含义。 注意：need doing =need ___ ___ ____(表被动) to be done :不定式的被动结构 花需要浇水。 The flowers need watering. =The flowers need to be watered. 这本书值得一读。 The book is worth reading. 这个桌子需要修理。 The desk needs _______(repair). =The desk needs ___ __ ______. to be done repairing to be repaired 5. 句中的宾语是反身代词的，没有被动语态。例如： 【正】You must look after yourself. 【误】Yourself must be looked after. 6. There be句型，不用被动语态 There will be a report tomorrow. 7. 某些表示开始/结束的动词(begin/start/finish/end等)，当主语是事物且不强调动作的执行者时，主动表被动。 School begins in September. 1. be made of用…制成的(能看出原材料/物理变化) 2. be made from用…制成的(看不出原材料/化学变化) 3. be made in+时间/地点在…制造的 4. be made by+人由…制造 5. be made into被制成 用以上短语填空。 1.Paper is made wood. 2.Tables are made wood. 3.Wood is made paper and tables. from of into 4.The machine is made China. in 5.The cake was made my sister. by 6.This novel is made a film. into $