Unit 5 Section Ⅳ Lesson 2（Word教参）-【精讲精练】2025-2026学年高中英语必修第二册（北师大版）

Section Ⅳ　Lesson 2 [对应学生用书P57] Ⅰ.重点单词 基础单词 1．rescue n.& vt.营救；救援 2．trap vt.困住；使陷于危险之中 3．attempt n.&vt.努力，尝试，企图 4．damage n.伤害，损伤，损害 5．measure vt.估量，衡量；测量 6．process n.过程，进程 7．battle n.较量，竞争；斗争；战斗 8．duty n.职责，义务；责任 9．nearby adv.附近 10．vehicle n.交通工具，车辆 拓展单词 11．interrupt vi.& vt.打断讲话→interruption n.打断，中断 12．loss n.丧失；死亡→lose vt.遗失，损失→lost adj.失去的，迷路的；不知所措的 13．death n.死；死亡→ die vi.死亡 → dead adj.死的 14．operation n.操作；行动；活动；手术→operator n.电脑操作员；接线员→operate v．操作；经营 15．suffering n.(肉体或精神上的)痛苦；折磨→suffer vt.&vi.遭受；忍受；经历 16．conduct vt.实施；进行；执行 vi.& vt.指挥→conductor n.(公车)售票员；列车员；(乐队)指挥 17．protection n.保护；防护→protect v．保护 18．breathe vi.& vt. 呼吸→breath n.呼吸 19．dust n.灰尘；尘埃→ dusty adj.布满灰尘的；土灰色的 Ⅱ.重点短语 1．as well as 也 2．try one's best 尽某人最大的努力 3．feel/be proud of 为……感到自豪 4．move away from 远离 5．breathe in 吸气 6．run out of 用完 7．knock on 撞击撞出；敲击(门、窗) Ⅲ.重点句型 动词不定式做方式状语 As you know，natural disasters like earthquakes，floods and landslides can cause death and other loss and damage that is hard to measure． 你也知道，像地震、洪水和山体滑坡都可能带来死亡和其他损失和很难测算的损害。 [重点词汇] [对应学生用书P58] 1．rescue n.&vt.营救；救援 rescue sb /sth from...　从……中营救出某人/某物 run/come to one's rescue　去救援或营救某人 [经典佳句] David rescued a fisherman from the storm at sea. 戴维从海上的风暴中救起了一个渔民。 No one came to their rescue until the following day. 直到第二天才有人来救他们。 [即学活用]　单句语法填空/翻译句子 ①The black dot grew larger and larger against the orange sky，so was their hope of being rescued(rescue).(场景描写) ②The lifeboat rescued the sailors from the sinking boat. ③他溺水被人救起。 He was rescued from drowning. ④老人跑去援救她。 The old man ran to her rescue. 2．trap vt.困住；使陷于危险中 n.圈套；陷阱 (1)trap sb into (doing) sth 使某人陷入(做)某事的圈套；诱骗某人(做)某事 be/get trapped in　被困在……中 (2)fall into a trap　落入陷阱/圈套 fall into the trap of doing sth　落入……的圈套；做某事不明智 set/lay a trap for　为……设圈套 [经典佳句] I had been trapped there for quite a few hours. 我已被困在那里几个小时了。 They trapped him into signing the contract. 他们诱骗他签了合同。 [即学活用]　单句语法填空/完成句子 ①If I ever get trapped (trap) outside my house again，my local telephone box will，sadly，no longer be able to connect me with my keys.(2024·浙江1月卷) ②The thief fell into the trap set by the police. ③They trapped her into telling (tell) where the gift was hidden. ④他给她设了个圈套，她就径直走了进去。 He set/laid a trap for her and she walked straight into it. ⑤父母经常一厢情愿地试图为子女操办一切。 Parents often fall into the trap of trying to do everything for their children. 3．attempt n.&vt.努力，尝试，企图 attempted adj.未遂的，企图的 (1)attempt to do sth ＝make an attempt to do sth 　试图做某事 in an attempt to do sth　试图做某事 at/on the first attempt　第一次尝试 (2)attempted adj.　企图的，未遂的 [经典佳句] They are attempting to climb the steepest part of the mountain. 他们正尝试攀登那座山最陡峭的部分。 [即学活用]　单句语法填空/完成句子 ①The annual arrival of the Saint Lukas is another attempt to improve(improve) the situation.(2024·全国甲卷) ②Not many people can answer this question at the first attempt. ③She was charged with attempted (attempt) murder of her husband. ④我们试图在黑暗中认出回家的路，但是白费力气。(读后续写之细节描写) We made an attempt to/attempted to make out the way back home in the darkness，but in vain. 4．damage n.伤害，损伤，损害 vt.损害；损毁 (1)cause/do damage to 　给……带来/造成损害 be badly damaged　遭受严重损害 (2)damage one's health　损害某人的健康 [经典佳句] I come to you to appologize for the damage I had caused. 我来找你为我所造成的损失道歉。 Smoking will damage your health. 抽烟会损害你的健康。 [即学活用]　完成句子 ①其中任何一样东西都会对宇宙飞船造成破坏。 Any one of these could cause/do damage to a spacecraft． ②当汽车撞到墙上，损毁得很严重。 The car was badly damaged when it hit the wall. ③吃垃圾食品会严重损害你的健康。 Eating junk food will badly damage your health． 5．measure vt.估量，衡量；测量 n.措施；尺寸，程度 take measures to do sth 　采取措施做某事 make...to one's own measure　根据某人的尺寸做(衣服) take sb's measure　给某人量尺寸 in some measure　在某种程度上 [经典佳句] Our government is trying to take measures to prevent and control pollution. 我们的国家正试图采取措施以防止和控制污染。 Emotional intelligence can not be measured by an IQ test. 情商不能通过智商测试来衡量。 (1)measure 表示“措施”时，应用复数形式。 (2)measure表示“有……长(或宽、高等)”时，是系动词，后跟测量的结果，不用于被动语态及进行时态。 [即学活用]　单句语法填空/完成句子 ①The government has struggled to come up with measures (measure)to address the problem，particularly in the poorer，rural areas east of the Volga River.(2024·全国甲卷) ②The new bridge under construction，measuring (measure) twice as long as the old one，is due to be completed in 2025. ③我们必须采取有效措施来保护海洋免受进一步的污染。(应用文之倡议信) Effective measures must be taken to protect the oceans from being further polluted. ④你能不用任何设备测出这座塔的高度吗？ Can you measure the height of the tower without using any equipment? 6．conduct vt.实施；进行；执行 vi.& vt.指挥 n.行为举止；实施(办法)；引导 (1)conduct a survey 　进行调查 conduct oneself　举止得体 (2)good conduct　良好的行为 [经典佳句] Miss Guo wants her students to conduct a survey for the school. 郭老师想让她的学生为学校开展一次调查。 Today I want to conduct myself in a proper manner. 今天我要举止得体。 [即学活用]　单句语法填空/完成句子 ①The Stanford marshmallow (棉花糖) test was originally conducted(conduct) by psychologist Walter Mischel in the late 1960s.(2024·浙江1月卷) ②The students around me seemed so sure of themselves that I despaired of ever being able to conduct myself (me) as they did. ③此外，我想对潜在买家进行调查。 Moreover，I would like to conduct a survey on the potential buyers. ④孩子们因良好行为而受奖励，因不良行为而受惩罚。 The children were rewarded for good conduct and punished for bad conduct. 7．breathe vt.& vi.呼吸 (1)breathe in 　吸气 breathe out　呼气 (2)breath n.　呼吸 out of breath　上气不接下气 take/draw a deep breath　深吸一口气 (3)breathless adj.　气喘吁吁的；令人窒息的；上气不接下气的 [经典佳句] Hold your breath for a count of five；then slowly breathe out. 屏住呼吸数五下，然后慢慢地呼气。 He was out of breath after running. 他跑完后，上气不接下气。 [即学活用]　完成句子 ①There，they would walk through deep water，sit down cross­legged underwater and hold their breath(屏住呼吸) while they watched all action going on around them.(2024·全国甲卷) ②When the train arrived at the station，they took a taxi to Lake Louise，where the blue water literally took their breath away (令他们惊叹) with its exceptional beauty. ③Most of rescuers breathe a sigh of relief (松了一口气)when the drowning boy was saved safely from the river. (读后续写之情绪描写) ④The little girl was nervous，so she took a deep breath (深吸一口气) and knocked on the door.(读后续写之情感描写) 8．run out 用完；耗尽 run across 　偶然遇到 run after　追赶 run away　突然离开；逃离 run over　撞倒，撞翻 [经典佳句] When the thief ran across a policeman，he ran away. 当小偷看到警察的时候，他立刻逃走了。 We have run out of sugar.Go and buy some. 我们已把糖用完了，去买点回来。 run out of为及物动词短语，可接宾语，也可用于被动语态，其主语为人；run out为不及物动词短语，不能接宾语，也不能用于被动语态，其主语为物。 [即学活用]　单句语法填空/完成句子 ①I ran across him on the street the other day. ②The policemen were running after a prisoner who escaped last night. ③The horse became frightened and then ran away． ④He was run over by a bus and killed. ⑤汽油快用完了，所以我得在下一个加油站停下来。 Petrol is running out，so I have to stop at the next filling station. [重点句型] [对应学生用书P61] 1．(教材原文)Our first and most important goal is to (do sth)．我们首要目的是(做……)。 不定式作表语时还有下列用法： (1)表示必须或应该，在意思上相当于must，should，ought to或have to。 (2)用来表示注定要发生或不可避免要发生的事。 (3)如果主语是以aim，duty，hope，idea，happiness，job，plan，problem，purpose，thing，wish等为中心的名词，或what引导的名词性从句，不定式作表语是对主语起补充说明的作用。 [句式分析]　句中不定式to (do)作表语，表示按约定、计划、职责、义务、要求等即将发生的动作，这是将来时的一种用法。 [即学活用]　完成句子 ①你什么时候动身？ When are you to start? ②你应当在十点以前回来。 You are to be back by 10 o'clock. ③关键是要找到一个解决方法。 The key is to find a solution. ④The main purpose of the activity is to raise money for the poor boy. 我们这次活动的主要目的是为那个可怜的男孩筹款。 2．(教材原文)As you know，natural disasters like earthquakes，floods and landslides can cause death and other loss and damage that is hard to measure． 你也知道，像地震、洪水和山体滑坡都可能带来死亡和其他损失和很难测算的损害。 动词不定式做方式状语要注意： (1)使用主动形式表示被动意义。 (2)动词不定式要与主语构成动宾关系。 (3)如果动词是不及物动词，其后要加合适的介词。 [句式分析]　that is hard to measure是定语从句。that 代替先行词damage，在从句中作主语。to measure在从句中作状语，表示“测量起来”。 [即学活用]　完成句子 ①The novel in easy English is easy to understand (容易理解). ②The car，which is made in China，feels comfortable to drive (驾驶起来舒服). ③So large a garden is difficult to take care of (很难料理). [对应学生用书P62] Ⅰ.单词拼写 1．(人教选修二U5)Chen Wei，a high school student in Beijing，had his dinner interrupted(打断) when he heard someone screaming from another table. 2．The classroom measures (测量) 10 meters in width and 15 meters in length. 3．The old bridge built over 1，000 years ago，was slightly damaged (受损) in the big flood. 4. In practice this process(过程) takes a long time and the festival starts despite no one reaching the prize. 5．His face was half­hidden under a piece of worn cloth that hardly served as protection(保护) against the cold. Ⅱ.单句语法填空 1．The doctor carried out a great operation (operate) on the old scientist. 2．Friends can help us achieve what we want during life and，perhaps，even after death(die).(译林必修一U3) 3．Panicked as I was，I attempted to collect (collect) my thoughts，trying to explain the situation in the way as concise as possible.(读后续写之心理描写) 4．The Students Union will learn about the students' hobbies by conducting (conduct) a survey. 5．In the rescue attempt our first and most important goal is to save (save) lives. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $