Unit 5 Section Ⅴ Lesson 3（Word练习）-【精讲精练】2025-2026学年高中英语必修第二册（北师大版）

[对应知能达标训练P35] Ⅰ.单词拼写 1．(人教选必二U2)My ambition(抱负) is to set up a business in China after graduation. 2．In the last five years，Cao has walked through 34 countries in six continents(大陆). 3．The first thing you'll see on Mars will be one of the polar (极地的) ice caps. 4．In the past，studying abroad was a distant (遥远的) dream for most people. Ⅱ.单句语法填空 1．Organizers are making final preparations (prepare) for the Olympic Games. 2．(2023·浙江卷1月)I watched the humming bird hovering gracefully in the air and smiled with relief—this tiny creature was back to her old lively and cheerful (cheer) self! 3．(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)I was waiting for the writing contest result anxiously(anxious) as if I were sitting on pins and needles. 4. (译林选必三U2)At the same time，space exploration(explore) can provide a variety of career opportunities for young people. 5．(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷，读后续写) Till now，every time I recall this experience，I can't help wondering if there is more trust and honesty(honest) in the world，how charming our world will be. 6．When shaking hands with someone，it's polite to look them in the eye and give them a firm grip，showing respect and sincerity(sincere).(应用文之建议信) 7．In the face of danger，they show great bravery (brave). 8．Here is (be) what you should think about before downloading an app for language learning. Ⅲ.完成句子 1．The telephone system broke down (出故障) suddenly while he was calling his mother. 2．He carried on (继续) the task left by his comrades. 3．I have run out of (用完) all my money up to now. 4．Joe is training in preparation for (为……做准备) the next football match. 5．I paid a visit to one of my old friends on my way to (在我回……的路上) Boston. 6．Are you making progress (取得进步) in your study? 7．Steven Spielberg is one of the most famous directors in the history of (在……的历史上) film. 8．I have some difficulty (in) (在……方面有困难) communicating with foreigners. Ⅳ.课文语法填空 The race 1.to the South Pole began in 1910 when two teams，led by Scott (British) and Amundsen (Norwegian)，announced their plans to go south and prepared for it. Amundsen was the first 2.to leave (leave) on 8th September，1911.With dogs 3.pulling (pull) the sledges and all men on skis，they made rapid progress.On 14th December，they reached the Pole successfully.However，Scott's team met a series of 4.troubles (trouble) after departure.First，two sledges broke down; then the horses couldn't stand the cold.5.Therefore，they advanced slowly.When they finally made it to the Pole，it was already 17th January，1912. The return journey was even 6.worse (bad).Apart from tiredness and bad weather，the fact that they 7.were running (run) out of food added to their difficulty.Despite the 8.hopelessness (hopeless)，they still made time to collect rocks，which later proved to be 9.valuable (value).Then disaster fell on them—two members died first.Then 10.the rest of the team continued their way until，unfortunately，they were trapped in a terrible storm.Nobody survived.Although they didn't win the race，they were remembered as heroes. Ⅰ.阅读理解 A (2025·辽宁沈阳高一上期中)Sydney's cockatoos (凤头鹦鹉) are locked in a bitter struggle (斗争) with humans to get access to their rubbish bins (垃圾箱).Food waste－most likely bread－is their goal. Following reports of these clever cockatoos learning to open bins ten years ago，researchers including Dr Barbara Klump from Max Planck Institute of Animal Behaviour，surveyed Sydney communities.In their study，researchers found one in ten cockatoos would learn how to open a bin.Other members of the group would observe these actions and learn from them. “The cockatoos learn the behaviour from observing other cockatoos and within each group they have their own special techniques，so across a wide geographic range，the techniques are more dissimilar，” says Klump. Cockatoos make a lot of mess when they open bins and take all the rubbish out，so of course，the local people are not too happy about it.They have started to protect their bins and use a variety of different measures to try to keep those cockatoos out.When one form of protection failed，people would try changing their ways，and just as the birds learn how to open the lids from their fellows，householders pick up more effective tips from neighbours. “It's not just social learning on the cockatoo side，but it's also social learning on the human side，” Klump says. Human­animal contact will become more often as humans push further and further into wildlife habitats (栖息地).The war between people，their bins，and hungry cockatoos shows the reality that the nation's cities have intruded (侵入) so far into cockatoos' habitats that they have become urbanised (城市化) without their natural habitats. “As cities grow，we will have more contact with wildlife and I'm hoping there will be a better understanding and more love for the animals we share our lives with，” Klump says. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了在悉尼的郊区，当地居民与打开垃圾桶盖子觅食的凤头鹦鹉之间展开了一场激烈的斗争，他们斗智斗勇，不断更新自己的技能。 1．What can be learned about cockatoos? A．Cockatoos are liked by people. B．Cockatoos have the ability of social learning. C．All the cockatoos can open dustbins. D．Cockatoos feed mainly on waste fish. 解析　B　推理判断题。根据文章第二段中的“In their study，researchers found one in ten cockatoos would learn how to open a bin.Other members of the group would observe these actions and learn from them.(在他们的研究中，研究人员发现十分之一的凤头鹦鹉会学会如何打开箱子。小组的其他成员会观察这些行为并从中学习)”和第三段中的“The cockatoos learn the behaviour from observing other cockatoos (凤头鹦鹉通过观察其他凤头鹦鹉来学习这种行为)”可知，鹦鹉有很强的社会学习能力。故选B项。 2．What does the underlined word “they” in paragraph 6 refer to? A．Habitats. B．Cockatoos. C．People. D．Cities. 解析　B　词句猜测题。根据第六段中的“The war between people，their bins，and hungry cockatoos shows the reality that the nation's cities have intruded (侵入) so far into cockatoos' habitats that they have become urbanised (城市化) without their natural habitats.(人类、垃圾箱和饥饿的凤头鹦鹉之间的战争表明，这个国家的城市已经侵入了凤头鹦鹉的栖息地，以至于它们已经在没有自然栖息地的情况下城市化了。)”可知，凤头鹦鹉已经在没有自然栖息地的情况下城市化了。they指代的是cockatoos。故选B。 3．What is Klump's hope? A．Humans should stay away from animal habitats. B．Humans should be more friendly to animals. C．Humans should build less wildlife parks. D．Humans should learn from animals. 解析　B　推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“I'm hoping there will be a better understanding and more love for the animals we share our lives with (我希望人们能更好地理解和爱护与我们共同生活的动物)”可知，Klump的希望是人们能更好地理解和爱护与我们共同生活的动物，即人类应该对动物更加友好一些。故选B。 4．Which is the main idea of the text? A．Cockatoos search food waste for fun. B．Cockatoos have nowhere to live now. C．Cockatoos get food from kind humans. D．Cockatoos fight with humans to break into their bins. 解析　D　主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“Sydney's cockatoos(凤头鹦鹉) are locked in a bitter struggle with humans to get access to their rubbish bins.(悉尼的凤头鹦鹉为了进入人类的垃圾箱，与人类展开了激烈的斗争。)”可知，本文介绍的是凤头鹦鹉与当地居民就打开垃圾桶盖子觅食而展开的“激烈斗争”。故选D。 B (2025·福建三明高一上检测)When we are young，we learn that tigers and sharks are dangerous animals.We might be scared of them because they are big and powerful.As we get older，however，we learn that sometimes the most dangerous animals are also the smallest animals.In fact，the animal that kills the most people is one that you are familiar with: the mosquito (蚊子). While it may seem that all mosquitoes are biters，this is not actually the case.Male mosquitoes eat plant nectar.On the other hand，female mosquitoes feed on animal blood.When a female mosquito bites a human being，it transmits (传播) saliva into the blood.This saliva may or may not contain a deadly disease.The result of the bite can be minor or as serious as death. Because a mosquito can bite many people in its life，it can carry deadly diseases from one person to another very easily.More than 700 million people become sick from these diseases every year.At least 2 million of these people will die from these diseases. In some households，mosquito nets are placed over beds to protect people against being bitten.Mosquitoes have many natural enemies like bats，birds，dragonflies，and certain kinds of fish.Bringing more of these animals into places where mosquitoes live might help to cut down the number of mosquitoes in that area.This is a natural solution，but it does not always work very well.Mosquitoes can also be killed with poisons or sprays.But these sprays may also harm other plants or animals. Although mosquitoes may not seem as scary as larger，more powerful animals，they are far more dangerous to human beings.But things are changing.It is highly likely that one day scientists will find a way to keep everyone safe from mosquitoes and the diseases they carry. [语篇解读]　这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了实际上最危险的动物是蚊子，并介绍了蚊子的习性、对人类的危害以及应对蚊子的措施等，并表达了对解决蚊子问题的乐观态度。 5．Why does the passage mention dangerous animals like tigers and sharks? A．To compare different animals. B．To lead into the topic about mosquitoes. C．To show how dangerous tigers and sharks are. D．To show people's misunderstanding of large animals. 解析　B　推理判断题。根据文章第一段中的“When we are young，we learn that tigers and sharks are dangerous animals.We might be scared of them because they are big and powerful.As we get older，however，we learn that sometimes the most dangerous animals are also the smallest animals.In fact，the animal that kills the most people is one that you are familiar with: the mosquito (蚊子).(当我们年轻的时候，我们知道老虎和鲨鱼是危险的动物。我们可能害怕它们，因为它们既大又有力量。然而，随着我们长大，我们了解到有时候最危险的动物也是最小的动物。事实上，杀死最多人的动物是你熟悉的：蚊子。)”可知，第一段提出了杀死最多人的动物是你熟悉的蚊子，所以文章开头提到老虎和鲨鱼是为了引出文章的主题，即蚊子，故选B。 6．What can we learn about mosquitoes? A．All the mosquitoes have the same eating habits. B．Female mosquitoes might transmit diseases to humans. C．The saliva of female mosquitoes contains deadly diseases. D．Most people will die if caught by deadly diseases from mosquitoes. 解析　B　细节理解题。根据文章第二段中的“On the other hand，female mosquitoes feed on animal blood.When a female mosquito bites a human being，it transmits (传播) saliva into the blood.This saliva may or may not contain a deadly disease.The result of the bite can be minor or as serious as death.(另一方面，雌性蚊子以动物血液为食。当雌性蚊子叮咬人类时，它会把唾液注入血液。这种唾液可能含有也可能不含有致命的疾病。叮咬的结果可能很轻微，也可能严重到致命。)”可知，雌性蚊子可能会把疾病传播给人类，故选B。 7．What's paragraph 4 mainly about? A．Scientists are making efforts to kill mosquitoes. B．Some useful measures are taken to kill mosquitoes. C．There is no perfect solution to the mosquito problem. D．Mosquitoes' natural enemies could protect human beings. 解析　C　主旨大意题。根据文章第四段中的“In some households，mosquito nets are placed over beds to protect people against being bitten.Mosquitoes have many natural enemies like bats，birds，dragonflies，and certain kinds of fish.Bringing more of these animals into places where mosquitoes live might help to cut down the number of mosquitoes in that area.This is a natural solution，but it does not always work very well.Mosquitoes can also be killed with poisons or sprays.But these sprays may also harm other plants or animals.(在一些家庭中，床上会挂上蚊帐，以保护人们不被叮咬。蚊子有许多天敌，如蝙蝠、鸟类、蜻蜓和某些种类的鱼。把这些动物更多地带到蚊子生活的地方，可能有助于减少该地区的蚊子数量。这是一个自然的解决方案，但并不总是很有效。蚊子也可以用毒药或喷雾杀死。但这些喷雾剂也可能对其他植物或动物造成伤害。)”可知，本段主要讲述了消灭蚊子的措施，但这些措施都有缺陷，即没有完美的解决方案，故选C。 8．What's the author's attitude towards the future of solving the mosquito problem? A．Doubtful. B．Positive. C．Unclear. D．Negative. 解析　B　推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中的“Although mosquitoes may not seem as scary as larger，more powerful animals，they are far more dangerous to human beings.But things are changing.It is highly likely that one day scientists will find a way to keep everyone safe from mosquitoes and the diseases they carry.(虽然蚊子看起来可能不像更大、更有力量的动物那么可怕，但它们对人类来说要危险得多。但情况正在发生变化。很有可能有一天，科学家们会找到一种方法，让每个人都能免受蚊子和它们携带的疾病的伤害。)”可知，作者认为很有可能有一天，科学家们会找到一种方法，让每个人都能免受蚊子和它们携带的疾病的伤害，可推理出作者对解决蚊子问题的未来持乐观态度，认为科学家们会找到一种方法来解决这个问题，故选B。 Ⅱ.七选五 (2025·广东惠州高一上检测)An earthquake happens when two plates(板块)rub together.The earth plates travel in different directions and at different speeds. 1 In other words，earthquakes are the shaking of the earth's surface caused by the earth's rocky outer layer.The energy stored within is suddenly released. The damage an earthquake causes depends on where it is and when it is happening.If a place where nobody lives is struck，there will be low loss of life or property. 2 Many of the areas at risk are largely populated now.Major earthquakes hitting those areas today could produce terrible damage. 3 Fortunately，however，most of them are unnoticed to the public because of the small Richter scale(震级).But large earthquakes such as the 1964 Alaskan quake that measured 9.2 on the Richter scale，can cause millions of dollars in damage. 4 In 1972，a series of severe earthquakes struck Managua，Nicaragua.Fifteen years later，the city still looked the way it had a week after the earthquake hit，because the city was in such a mess that it didn't have the money necessary to rebuild it. The shaking of the earth is sometimes not the greatest disaster. 5 In the 1906 earthquake，it was the fires caused after it that did the majority of the damage.An earthquake can also destroy dams high above a city or valleys，causing floods to sweep away everything in their path. A．The greatest damage often occurs in the fires and floods. B．In fact，there are millions of small earthquakes every year. C．Throughout history，there are many destructive big earthquakes. D．So it is very important to predict the movements of the earth plates. E．If it hits a large city，there may be many injuries and much destruction. F．The destructive damage of an earthquake can last for years after the first shake. G．If one plate is slowly forced under the other，pressure builds up until the plates break apart. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了地震是如何发生的，以及地震带来的危害。 1．解析　G　根据上句“The earth plates travel in different directions and at different speeds.(地球板块以不同的方向和速度运动。)”，选项G：If one plate is slowly forced under the other，pressure builds up until the plates break apart.(如果一个板块被缓慢地压在另一个板块下面，压力就会逐渐增加，直到板块分裂。)中的“plate”与上句中的“The earth plates”衔接，两句在一起解释了第一段第一句“An earthquake happens when two plates(板块)rub together.(当两个板块摩擦在一起时就会发生地震。)”，即地震是如何发生的。故选G。 2．解析　E　根据第二段第一句“The damage an earthquake causes depends on where it is and when it is happening.(地震造成的破坏取决于地震发生的地点和时间。)”，上句“If a place where nobody lives is struck，there will be low loss of life or property.(如果一个没有人居住的地方被袭击，生命和财产的损失将会很低。)”说明了地震发生地点如果是无人居住，损失就会很低；选项E：If it hits a large city，there may be many injuries and much destruction.(如果它袭击一个大城市，可能会造成很多伤害和破坏。)说明了地震发生地点如果是大城市，损失就会很大，与上句一起解释说明了第一句表明的地震造成的破坏取决于地震发生的地点。故选E。 3．解析　B　根据下句“Fortunately，however，most of them are unnoticed to the public because of the small Richter scale(震级).(然而，幸运的是，由于里氏震级较小，大多数小地震都没有引起公众的注意。)”，选项B：In fact，there are millions of small earthquakes every year.(事实上，每年都有数百万次小地震。)中的“small earthquakes”与下句中的“them”所指一致，下句进一步说明了选项B提到的每年数百万次的小地震中，因为震级小，所以大多数都没有引起公众注意，语意衔接合理，符合语境。故选B。 4．解析　F　根据第三段“In 1972，a series of severe earthquakes struck Managua，Nicaragua.Fifteen years later，the city still looked the way it had a week after the earthquake hit，because the city was in such a mess that it didn't have the money necessary to rebuild it.(1972年，尼加拉瓜的马那瓜发生了一系列强烈地震。15年后，这座城市仍然是地震发生后一周的样子，因为这座城市一团糟，没有必要的资金来重建它。)”可知，该段用具体的例子表明了地震的破坏性会持续很久；选项F: The destructive damage of an earthquake can last for years after the first shake.(地震的毁灭性的破坏可以在第一次震动后持续数年。)表达了这层含义，概括了该段主题。故选F。 5．解析　A　根据上句“The shaking of the earth is sometimes not the greatest disaster.(地震有时并不是最大的灾难。)”，选项A：The greatest damage often occurs in the fires and floods.(最大的损失往往发生在火灾和洪水中。)中的“The greatest damage”与上句的“the greatest disaster”相对应，进一步说明了最大的灾难往往发生在火灾和洪水中；下句“In the 1906 earthquake，it was the fires caused after it that did the majority of the damage.(在1906年的地震中，造成最大损失的是地震后引发的大火。)”用具体的例子证明了选项A表达的含义。故选A。 Ⅲ.语法填空 (2025·湖北武汉高一上期中)The China International Search and Rescue Team (CISAR) 1. (form) in 2001 and is now made up of several hundred rescue workers and about 20 sniffer dogs.The team brings help and hope to those 2. lives are changed by a storm，food，earthquake，or any other natural disaster. After long and careful training，the team went on its first international rescue missions in 2003.That year the Chinese team helped save lives after earthquakes in Algeria and Iran.It was the first time that a Chinese team had worked outside China and the team won high praise 3. their bravery and skill.Since then，the CISAR 4. (complete) many missions.The list of people to whom help has been given is long.The team treated more than 3，000 people 5. (injure) in the 2006 earthquake in Indonesia and spent 3 months 6. (give) aid to over 25，000 victims of the 2010 floods in Pakistan. Rescue workers are trained to find people，treat injuries，and hand out food，water，and other supplies.They have to be able to do work that is difficult under conditions which can be 7. (danger).Even they also bury 8. dead.Rescue workers must have big 9. (heart)，too.10. takes a lot of love and courage to risk one's own life to save someone else's. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国国际搜寻救援队的一些情况。这个团队为那些生活因风暴、洪水、地震或其他自然灾害而改变的人们带来了帮助和希望。 1．解析　was formed　考查时态语态。句意：中国国际搜救队成立于2001年，目前由数百名救援人员和约20只嗅探犬组成。这里考查谓语，The China International Search and Rescue Team (CISAR)与动词form为被动关系，且由in 2001 可知，这里时态应用一般过去时，主语为第三人称单数形式。故填was formed。 2．解析　whose　考查定语从句。句意：该团队为那些因风暴、食物、地震或任何其他自然灾害而改变生活的人带来了帮助和希望。这里考查定语从句，先行词those，在从句中作定语，所以应用关系代词whose。故填whose。 3．解析　for　考查介词。句意：这是中国队首次在国外工作，他们的勇气和技巧赢得了高度赞扬。这里考查win praise for，表“因……赢得赞誉”，为固定搭配。故填for。 4．解析　has completed　考查时态。句意：从那时起，CISAR已经完成了许多任务。这里考查谓语动词，the CISAR与complete为主动关系，再由Since then可知，这里时态应用现在完成时，主语为第三人称单数。故填has completed。 5．解析　injured　考查非谓语动词。句意：该团队治疗了2006年印度尼西亚地震中受伤的3000多人，并花了3个月的时间为2010年巴基斯坦洪水中的25 000多名受害者提供了援助。分析句子可知，这里考查非谓语，3000 people与动词injure为被动关系，再由句意可知，这里应用过去分词作后置定语。故填injured。 6．解析　giving　考查非谓语。句意：该团队治疗了2006年印度尼西亚地震中受伤的3000多人，并花了3个月的时间为2010年巴基斯坦洪水中的25 000多名受害者提供了援助。这里考查spend time (in) doing sth，表“花时间做某事”，为固定句型。故填giving。 7．解析　dangerous　考查形容词。句意：他们必须能够在危险的条件下做困难的工作。分析句子可知，此空应填形容词作表语。故填dangerous。 8．解析　the　考查冠词。句意：甚至他们也埋葬死者。这里考查the＋形容词表一类人，the dead，表“死者”。故填the。 9．解析　hearts　考查名词的数。句意：救援人员也必须心胸开阔。heart“心”为可数名词，且由Rescue workers可知，这里应用名词复数形式作宾语。故填hearts。 10．解析　It　考查代词。句意：冒着生命危险去救别人需要很多爱和勇气。分析句子可知，此空应填it作形式主语，真正主语为后面不定式 to risk one's own life to save someone else's，且句首时首字母应大写。故填It。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $