专题04 选择性必修第二册Units 3～4 教材核心知识串讲（期末复习课件）高二英语上学期沪外版

期末复习考点串讲 Units 3~4 沪外版·英语·选择性必修第二册 01 考情透视·目标导航 目 录 语法串讲·融会贯通 知识梳理·夯实基础 考场练兵·实战训练 02 03 04 课标要求 考情分析 第一部分 考情透视·目标导航 考情透视·目标导航 掌握 Unit3（Charity）和 Unit4（Disaster Survival）核心词汇、短语及句型，能在语境中灵活运用。熟练掌握 Unit3 -ing 形式作主语和宾语的用法，Unit4 复杂 -ing 形式（完成式、否定式、被动式、doer’s+doing）的结构与运用。 能识别议论文、记叙文、说明文、新闻语篇的结构特征，快速提取核心信息和支撑细节。能运用具体事例或逻辑推理作为支撑细节，完成话题相关的书面表达（记叙文、说明文）和口头汇报。 理解慈善行为的内涵与价值，尊重不同文化中 “助人为乐、乐善好施” 的精神品质。认识自然灾害的危害与防范意义，欣赏灾难中人类的人道主义精神与坚韧品格，树立安全防护意识。 01 语言知识 02 语言能力 03 文化意识与情感态度 课标要求 考情透视·目标导航 语法与词汇 1. -ing 形式作主语、宾语的辨析及语境运用 2. 复杂 -ing 形式（完成式、否定式、被动式等）的运用 3. 单元核心词汇（如 charity、donate、disaster、survive 等）和短语（如 take into account、burst open 等）的辨析与搭配 阅读理解 1. 识别议论文、记叙文、说明文的语篇结构，提取事实信息和作者观点 2. 分析语篇中支撑细节与主旨的关系 3. 推断语篇隐含意义和文化内涵（慈善精神、灾难中的人性光辉） 写作与表达 1. 以 “慈善经历” 或 “自然灾害防范” 为主题，撰写短文（100-120 词），运用细节描写或说明性语言支撑观点 2. 正确运用所学语法和词汇，保证语篇逻辑连贯、表达得体 考情分析 单词、短语、句型 第二部分 知识梳理·夯实基础 一、重点单词 1. ______________ 2. ______________ 3. ______________ 4. ______________ 5. ______________ 6. ______________ 7. ______________ 8. ______________ 9. ______________ 10. ______________ 11. ______________ 12. ______________ 13. ______________ 14. ______________ 15. ______________ n. 慈善；慈善机构 v. 捐赠；捐献 v. 促使；导致 n. 同感；同情 adj. 道德的 n. 道德 n. 正义；公正 adj. 难办的； n. 补给品 v. 供应 charity donate prompt empathy moral justice tricky supply annoyance confuse immense universal volunteer contribution beneficiary n. 恼怒；烦恼 v. 使困惑 adj. 极大的；巨大的 adj. 普遍的；全体的 n. 志愿者 v. 自愿做 n. 贡献；捐赠 n. 受益者 Unit3 Charity 词性转换 1.charity n. 慈善→ _____ __ adj. 慈善的→ _______ adv. 慈善地 2.donate v. 捐赠→ _______ n. 捐赠物→ _______ n. 捐赠者 3.prompt v. 促使→ _______ adv. 立刻→ ___ ____ n. 迅速 4.empathy n. 同情→ ____ ___ adj. 共情的→ _______ v. 产生共鸣 5.moral adj. 道德的→ _______ n. 道德→ _______ adj. 不道德的 6.annoy v. 使恼怒→ _______ n. 恼怒→ _______ adj. 恼怒的→ _______ adj. 令人恼怒的 7.confuse v. 使困惑→ _______ adj. 困惑的→ _______ adj. 令人困惑的→ _______ n. 困惑 8.immense adj. 极大的→ _______ adv. 极大地 9.volunteer n./v. 志愿者 / 自愿→ _______ adj. 自愿的→ _______ adv. 自愿地 10.generous adj. 慷慨的→ ___ ____ n. 慷慨→ ___ ____ adv. 慷慨地 charitable charitably donation donor empathic/empathetic empathise promptly promptness morality immoral annoyance annoyed annoying confused confusing confusion immensely voluntary voluntarily generosity generously 二、重点短语 1. ______________ 2. ______________ 3. ______________ 4. ______________ 5. ______________ 6. ______________ 7. ______________ 8. ______________ 9. ______________ 10. ______________ 11. ______________ 12. ______________ 13. ______________ 14. ______________ 15. ______________ 16. ______________ 17. ______________ 考虑到；顾及 倾向；偏向 让爱传递 向…… 捐赠 需要…… 伸出援手 号召；请求 建立；设立 take into account lean towards pay it forward donate to in need of reach out call on set up 筹集资金 自愿参与…… 产生影响 出于同情 道德责任 作为对…… 的回应 赠送；捐赠 参与；参加 对…… 感激 raise funds volunteer for make a difference out of empathy moral responsibility in response to give away participate in be grateful for Unit3 Charity 三、写作句式积累 1.It is empathy that connects people and prompts them to .（正是同理心让人们相连，促使大家向有需要的人伸出援手。 2.Donating to charity helps the disadvantaged brings a sense of fulfilment to the giver.（向慈善机构捐款不仅能帮助弱势群体，还能给捐赠者带来成就感。 3.Taking part in charity events cultivate one’s sense of social responsibility.（参与慈善活动是培养社会责任感的好方法。 4. , “Charity begins at home,” but it doesn’t end there.（俗话说 “慈善始于家庭”，但不止于此。 reach out to those in need not only but also is a great way to As the saying goes Unit3 Charity 一、重点单词 1. ________________ 2. ________________ 3. ________________ 4. ________________ 5. ________________ 6. ________________ 7. ________________ 8. ________________ 9. ______________ 10. _____________ 11. _____________ 12. _____________ 13. _____________ 14. _____________ 15. _____________ n. 灾难；灾害 v. 幸存；存活 v./n. 倒塌；坍塌 v. 爆炸；爆发 v. 埋葬；掩埋 v. 疏散；撤离 adj. 安全的 adj. 坚固的 disaster survive collapse explode bury evacuate secure sturdy adj. 猛烈的；狂怒 v. 破碎；碎裂 v. 摇摆；摇动 v./n. 营救；救援 n. 碎片；残骸 adj. 警觉的 n. 警报 n. 预防措施 furious shatter sway rescue debris alert precaution Unit4 Disaster Survival 词性转换 1.disaster n. 灾难→ __ _____ adj. 灾难性的 2.survive v. 幸存→ _______ n. 幸存→ _______ n. 幸存者 3.collapse v./n. 倒塌→ ____ ___ adj. 可折叠的 4.explode v. 爆炸→ _______ n. 爆炸→ _______ adj. 易爆的 n. 炸药 5.bury v. 埋葬→ _______ n. 埋葬；葬礼 6.evacuate v. 疏散→ _______ n. 疏散；撤离 7.secure adj./v. 安全的 保护→ _______ n. 安全→ _______ adv. 安全地 8.fury n. 狂怒→ _______ adj. 猛烈的；狂怒的→ _______ adv. 猛烈地 9.alert adj./n. 警觉的 警报→ _______ adv. 警觉地→ _______ n. 警觉 10.precaution n. 预防措施→ _ ______ adj. 预防性的 precautionary disastrous survival survivor collapsible explosion explosive burial evacuation security securely alertly alertness furious furiously 知识梳理·夯实基础 二、重点短语 1. ____________________ 2. ____________________ 3. ____________________ 4. ____________________ 5. ____________________ 6. ____________________ 7. ____________________ 8. ____________________ 9. ______________ 10. ______________ 11. ______________ 12. ______________ 13. ______________ 14. ______________ 15. ______________ 16. ______________ 17. ______________ 猛然打开 号召；呼吁 伸出；探出 躲避；避难 从…… 逃离 万一；如果发生 应急包 生存计划 burst open call on stick out take shelter escape from in case of emergency kit survival plan 急救 关闭；关掉 安全地点 搜救 清理；清除 沦为废墟 被困在…… 保持冷静 警告；告诫 first aid turn off safe spots search and rescue clear away in ruins be trapped in keep calm warn of Unit4 Disaster Survival 知识梳理·夯实基础 三、写作句式积累 1. , Leo understood the importance of staying calm in disasters.（经历过地震后，里奥明白了在灾难中保持冷静的重要性。 2. prepare an emergency kit in case of natural disasters such as typhoons or floods.（为台风、洪水等自然灾害准备应急包至关重要。 3.The building collapsed before the residents could evacuate, .（居民还没来得及疏散，大楼就倒塌了，造成了巨大损失。 4.When a disaster strikes, to find a secure place and wait for rescue.（灾难发生时，首先要做的是找到安全的地方等待救援。 Having experienced the earthquake It is crucial to which caused great loss the first thing to do is Unit4 Disaster Survival 第三部分 语法串讲·融会贯通 语法串讲 即时检测 复杂的动词 -ing 形式 V-ing形式：包括现在分词与动名词，是由动词末尾加 -ing 形式构成，因此统称为动词的 -ing形式 。其否定形式是“not doing ”, 没有人称和数的变化,在句子中不能单独作谓语，但仍保留了动词的特点：V-ing 形式可以带宾语或状语构, 有时态和语态的变化。 定义 语法串讲·融会贯通 一般式：表示这个动作正在进行或与谓语表示的动作同时发生。 完成式：强调这个动作在谓语动词所表示的动作之前完成。 可用以表示：时间，条件，原因，结果，伴随，让步，方式等。 e.g. Having arrived at the office, they immediately set out to work. being done 表被动、进行或与谓语动词同时发生的动作 having been done 表示被动、完成、且发生在谓语动作之前 e.g. Being laughed at in public is a terrible experience. Introduction 语法串讲·融会贯通 Forms, rules and significance 语法串讲·融会贯通 having been done 做状语 该结构表示完成被动，即分词的逻辑主语与分词之间是被动关系，且发生在谓语动词之前。 e.g. Having been criticized by the teacher, he gave up smoking. 独立主格结构= 形式主语+非谓语结构 e.g. It being so nice a day, we go out together for a walk in the park nearby. V-ing 完成形式 语法串讲·融会贯通 being done 具有副词、形容词和名词的特征，因此在句中可作状语、定语、宾语、宾语补足语、表语和主语等成分。 V-ing 被动形式 1. being done 做主语 e.g. Being educated in a well-known university is what everybody wish for. 2. being done 做宾语（构成动宾、介宾短语） e.g. He didn’t mind being left at home. 语法串讲·融会贯通 V-ing 被动形式 3. being done 做表语 e.g. What worried the child most was not being allowed to visit his mother in the hospital . 4. being done 做后置定语 e.g. He asked who was the man that was being operated on. 5. being done 做宾补 e.g. As we approached the village,we saw the new houses being built. 语法串讲·融会贯通 V-ing 被动形式 6. being done 做状语 表示被动与正在进行，一般置于句首，表示原因。 e.g. Being protected by a thick wall, they felt they were quite safe. 语法串讲·融会贯通 V-ing 被动形式 V-ing 形式的主动式表被动含义。 need, require, want 后加 doing, 主动结构表示某物需要被做 deserve, be worth 后加doing, 主动结构表示某物值得被做 e.g. These trees need/require/want watering. = These trees need/require/want to be watered. The problem of global warming deserves reflecting on. = The problem of global warming is worth reflecting on. 语法串讲·融会贯通 doer’s+doing 形式（sb’s doing） 明确动作执行者，常用作主语或宾语。 V-ing形式的复合结构由形容词性物主代词或人称代词宾格、名词或名词所有格加动词-ing，即“sb./sb.'s＋doing”构成。动词-ing形式的复合结构实际上是给动词-ing形式加了一个逻辑主语。动词-ing形式的复合结构有四种形式： 1．形容词性物主代词＋动词-ing 2．人称代词宾格＋动词-ing 3．名词＋动词-ing 4．名词所有格＋动词-ing 特别关注：动词-ing的复合结构作主语时，只有两种：1&4 ◆Her coming to help encouraged all of us.她来帮忙鼓舞了我们所有人。 ◆Mary's (不可用Mary) being ill made her mother upset.玛丽病了，这使她母亲很难过。 翻译：(1)他的离开使他的朋友非常生气。 made his friend very angry. His leaving 语法串讲·融会贯通 25 _______________(finish) the charity project, they felt a strong sense of achievement. _______________(not receive) the evacuation notice, some residents stayed at home. The old temple is under repair, so it is not open to the public for _______________(visit). _______________(she win) the charity award surprised all her friends. The bridge avoided _______________(damage) in the flood because of timely protection. Having finished Not having received being visited Her winning being damaged 单句语法填空 语法串讲·融会贯通 26 ing 形式作主语和宾语 1.V-ing 形式（短语）作主语的功能 (1)动词-ing形式作主语时，表示经常性、习惯性或抽象的动作。 ◆ Looking after children is her work.她的工作是照顾孩子。 (2)to do 形式作主语表示具体的、一次性的或将来的动作。 ◆ To look after children is her job today.她今天的工作是看孩子。 即时训练： 1. （obtain）good grades is his biggest dream. 2. (swim) does good to our health. To obtain Swimming 语法串讲·融会贯通 28 2.V-ing形式（短语） 作主语的主谓一致 (1) 单个的动词-ing形式作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。 ◆ Taking appropriate exercise regularly is necessary for good health. 定期适当锻炼对健康是必要的。 (2)意义不同的两个及以上V-ing形式并列作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。 ◆ Going to bed early and getting up early is a good habit. 早睡早起是一个好习惯。 ◆ Listening to the English tapes and watching English films are good ways to learn English. 听英文磁带和看英文电影是学英语的好方法。 语法串讲·融会贯通 29 (1)It is＋adj.＋doing sth. It is funny / useless / worthwhile doing sth.做某事是有趣的/无用的/值得的。 (2)It is＋n.＋doing sth. It's a waste of time doing sth.做某事是浪费时间。 (3)It is no＋n.＋doing sth. It's no good/no use/no fun doing sth. 做某事不好/没用/没意思。 即时训练： 1. It's a waste of time (try) to persuade such a stubborn person. 2. It is no use (write) to him because he never answers letters. 3.it代替V-ing形式（短语）形式作形式主语 writing trying 语法串讲·融会贯通 30 4.There be句型中V-ing形式（短语）作主语 当句型“There is no...”表示“不允许、禁止某种行为的发生或存在”时，需用V-ing形式作主语。 ◆There is no denying that the environment has improved a lot. 不能否认环境状况已经得到很大改善。 ◆There is no telling what he is going to do. 不能说出他要做什么。 即时训练--完成句子 (1)There is no (joke) with him about such a serious issue. joking 语法串讲·融会贯通 5.V-ing 形式（短语）作主语的否定形式 动词-ing形式的否定形式通常是在其前加not，带有逻辑主语时，not应放在逻辑主语和动词-ing形式之间。 ◆Not knowing how to use a computer makes it more difficult for him to do his academic research. 不知道如何使用电脑使他更难进行学术研究。 即时训练--完成句子 (1)     (未能通过考试) makes him depressed. Not passing the exam 语法串讲·融会贯通 32 1.(2021·全国乙卷)Firstly，_______(do) housework is helpful for us to be a responsible person. 2.(2024全国I卷)The latest ________ (engineer) techniques are applied to create this protective functional structure . 3.(2024全国I改编)When reading texts of several hundreds words or more, (learn) is generally more successful when it is on paper than onscreen. 4.(2023全国I改编) (cycle) is the most economical, sustainable and fun way to explore the city. 5.(2023全国I卷）No matter where I buy them, one steamer is rarely enough, yet two seems greedy, so I am always left ________(want) more next time. engineering doing learning Cycling wanting 即时检测 33 一、动词-ing形式作宾语 1. 作介词的宾语："动词（＋名词/副词/形容词）＋ 介词" He objected to changing his job. There's still no hope of winning the game. He was fond of speaking French. 此结构中的 to 为介词，而不是不定式符号。这类结构有： admit to, be/get/become used to, be equal to, devote...to, get down to, look forward to, object to, stick to, take to, see to, lead to, pay attention to. 语法串讲·融会贯通 一、动词-ing形式作宾语 2. 作动词的宾语： 常见的后接动词-ing形式作宾语的动词或短语有： 避免错过少延期 （avoid, miss, postpone) 建议完成多练习 （advise/suggest, finish, practise) 喜欢想象禁不住 （enjoy, imagine, can't help) 承认否定与嫉妒 （admit, deny, envy) 逃避冒险莫原谅 （escape, risk, excuse) 忍受保持不介意 （stand, keep, mind) Would you mind opening the window? He tried to avoid answering my questions. I don't like watching television but I enjoy listening to the radio. 语法串讲·融会贯通 3．在有些动词的后面，如start, begin, continue等，既可接动词﹣ing也可接不定式作宾语，两者意义区别不大。 They continued working/to work as if nothing had happened. 他们继续工作，似乎什么也没发生过。 4．在 love, hate, prefer, like等动词后接动词-ing形式作宾语指经常性的动作，接不定式作宾语指具体的动作。 He preferred staying in the house when it rained. 动词-ing形式作宾语，指下雨天待在家里是经常性的行为。 I prefer to stay at home this afternoon. 用动词不定式作宾语，表示今天下午这一次留在家里的具体行为。 一、动词-ing形式作宾语 语法串讲·融会贯通 mean to do sth. mean doing sth. forget to do sth. forget doing sth. regret to do sth. regret doing sth. try to do sth. try doing sth. go on to do sth. go on doing sth. remember to do sth. remember doing sth. 打算做某事 意味着做某事 5．有些动词（短语）后跟不定式和动词-ing形式作宾语均可，但含义不同。 记着去做某事（未做） 记得做过某事（已做） 忘记去做某事（未做） 忘记做过某事（已做） 对即将做的事表示遗憾（未做） 对做过的事表示遗憾／后悔（已做） 尽力去做某事 试着做某事 继续做另外一件事 继续做原来做的事 语法串讲·融会贯通 6．有些动词可接动词-ing形式的主动形式表示被动意义，相当于不定式的被动形式。 如： need/ want/ require/ deserve doing 相当于 need/ want/ require/ deserve to be done The bike needs repairing. = The bike needs to be repaired. The question deserved discussing. = The question deserved to be discussed. 语法串讲·融会贯通 二、动词-ing形式作表语 作表语的动词-ing形式包括现在分词和动名词。 1．现在分词作表语，往往具有形容词的性质，说明主语的性质、特征等。 这类现在分词常修饰事物，有“令人······的”的含义。如： moving，interesting，encouraging，exciting，inspiring， boring，surprising，puzzling，amusing，astonishing 等。 The argument is very convincing. 这个论点很令人信服。 The news that you will come to China this summer vacation is exciting. 这个暑假你要来中国的消息是令人兴奋的。 不定式和动词-ed形式也可作表语。但不定式通常强调一次性的、具体的、将要发生的动作，动词-ed形式则表示被动、完成含义。 语法串讲·融会贯通 2．动名词作表语多表示抽象性的或习惯性的动作，一般说明主语的内容。 Her job is keeping the lecture hall as clean as possible. = Keeping the lecture hall as clean as possible is her job. 她的工作是尽可能地使报告厅保持干净。 对比翻译: 他的工作是粉刷墙。 他的工作将是粉刷这面墙。 His job is painting walls. His job is to paint the wall. 判断类型: My favorite hobby is swimming. The movie is exciting. 动名词 现在分词 语法串讲·融会贯通 _______________(help) others in need is a traditional virtue. The manager suggested _______________(hold) a meeting to discuss the charity plan. She couldn’t help _______________(cry) when she heard the touching charity story. It is no use _______________(argue) with him about the importance of disaster prevention. He is looking forward to _______________(participate) in the search and rescue work. Helping holding crying arguing participating 即时检测 第四部分 考场练兵·实战训练 语法串讲 即时检测 一、单句语法填空 1.（2023 新课标 II 卷改编）_______________(donate) books to rural schools is a meaningful way to help children broaden their horizons. 2.（2022 天津卷改编）The rescuers risked _______________(be) trapped to save the villagers in the flooded area. 3.It is important _______________(take) precautions against natural disasters before they strike. 4.The reason why he was praised is his _______________(devote) to charity work for over 20 years. 5.Having _______________(survive) the earthquake, she learned to cherish every moment of life. devotion survived Donating being   to take 考场练兵·实战训练 6.___ ___ (participate) in many charity activities, he has a deep understanding of helping others.（2023 新课标 I 卷改编） 7.It is suggested that we ___ ___ (prepare) an emergency kit in case of sudden disasters.（2022 全国乙卷改编） 8.The charity event, ______ was organised by the students, raised a lot of money for the homeless.（2021 新高考 I 卷改编） 9.____ __ (not know) how to escape from the fire, he called for help loudly.（2020 天津卷改编） 10.The old building avoided __ ____ (destroy) in the storm thanks to the timely rescue.（2019 全国 III 卷改编） Having participated prepare which Not knowing being destroyed 考场练兵·实战训练 44 考场练兵·实战训练 二、语法填空 Charity and disaster prevention are closely related to everyone’s life. Many people 1. _______________(volunteer) for charity work every year, 2. _______________(donate) money, food and other supplies to those in need. Having 3. _______________(realise) the importance of empathy, they are always ready to reach out.When natural disasters strike, quick action is crucial. People should keep calm and 4. _______________(follow) the survival tips. For example, finding safe spots, turning off gas and electricity, and carrying emergency kits are necessary. The government often calls on citizens 5. _______________(participate) in disaster drills to improve their survival skills.Not 6. _______________(take) disasters seriously may lead to great loss. It is everyone’s responsibility to protect themselves and help others. 7. _______________(organise) charity events to support disaster-stricken areas is also a good way to show human kindness.8. _______________(know) how to deal with emergencies and being willing to give love can make the world a better place. As the saying goes, “Charity begins at home, and disaster prevention starts with me.” We should cherish the present and prepare for the future, 9. _______________(believe) that small acts of kindness and precautions can make a big 10. _______________(different). volunteer donating realised follow to participate taking Organising Knowing believing difference 感谢聆听 每天解决一个小问题，每周攻克 一个薄弱点，量变终会引发质变。 教师寄语 $