Unit 6 Family members（期末知识清单）四年级英语上学期（鲁科版五四制·新教材）

知识清单·鲁科版四年级上册 Unit 6 Family members 知识梳理hair 头发 there 那边 him(宾格)他 which 哪一个 wear 穿;戴 work 作品，著作;工作 farmer 农民 hospital 医院 man 男子，男人 police 警察，警方 grandpa(外)祖父 park 公园 woman 女子，女人 必背单词 cheer for him为他加油 long hair长头发 wear a red sweater穿一件红色毛衣 a beautiful picture一幅美丽的图画 an artist一名画家 a doctor一位医生 in a hospital在一家医院里 work at a hotel在一家酒店工作 work in a park在一个公园工作 常考短语 Unit 6 Family members She is tall and beautiful. She has long hair. She wears a red sweater. What does he do? He's a policeman. Where does he work? He works at a police station. 重点句型 知识点拨 【考点一】be动词+动词ing形式 【考点二】第三人称单数&并列句 【考点三】特殊疑问词which & where 【考点四】Is的一般疑问句 【考点五】询问他人职业的句型 考点一：be动词+动词ing形式 My father is playing ping-pong over there. 解析：主语（My father）+ be 动词（is）+ 现在分词（playing ping-pong）+ 地点状语（over there）。 （一）be动词+动词ing 1. 定义 表示此时此刻正在发生的动作或当前一段时间内正在进行的动作（强调 “正在做”）。 例：The girl is reading a book.（女孩正在看书。） 2. 核心结构 · 肯定句：主语 + be 动词（am/is/are） + 动词 ing + 其他 · 否定句：主语 + be 动词 + not + 动词 ing + 其他 · 一般疑问句：Be 动词 + 主语 + 动词 ing + 其他？ （答句：Yes, 主语 + be./ No, 主语 + be+not.） 3. be 动词的选择 I → am（我） 例：I am drawing a picture.（我正在画画。） He/She/It/ 单数名词 → is（他 / 她 / 它 / 单数） 例：She is singing.（她正在唱歌。）/ The cat is sleeping.（猫正在睡觉。） You/We/They/ 复数名词 → are（你 / 你们 / 我们 / 他们 / 复数） 例：They are playing football.（他们正在踢足球。） 4. 动词变 ing 的规则 规则类型 口诀 例子 一般情况 直接加 ing play → playing（玩）、run → running（跑） 以不发音的 e 结尾 去 e 加 ing dance → dancing（跳舞）、write → writing（写） 重读闭音节（辅 + 元 + 辅） 双写尾字母加 ing sit → sitting（坐）、swim → swimming（游泳） （二）常见错误提醒 ❌ 错误：My father playing ping-pong.（缺少 be 动词） ✅ 正确：My father is playing ping-pong. ❌ 错误：She are dancing.（be 动词与主语不匹配） ✅ 正确：She is dancing. ❌ 错误：He is runing.（重读闭音节未双写尾字母） ✅ 正确：He is running. 【大显身手】 一、句子填空。 ( )1. My sister ______ a storybook in her room now. A. read B. reading C. is reading ( )2. Look! The children ______ games on the playground. A. are playing B. play C. plays ( )3. Look! The cat ______ after the mouse. A. run B. is running C. runs ( )4. My parents ______ tea with their friends now. A. drink B. drinking C. are drinking ( )5. The teacher ______ on the blackboard now. A. write B. is writing C. writes 考点二：第三人称单数&并列句 She has long hair and wears a red sweater. 解析：主语（She）+ 并列谓语（has long hair + and + wears a red sweater），需要注意：一般现在时第三人称单数（三单）动词变化；并列句前后语法一致性。 （一）三单的定义及用法 1. 定义与适用场景 表示经常性、习惯性的动作或客观事实、人物特征，主语是第三人称单数（He/She/It/ 单数名词/不可数名词）时，谓语动词需用三单形式。 2. 三单动词变化规则 规则类型 口诀 例子 一般情况 直接加 s play→plays（玩）、read→reads（读） 以 s/x/ch/sh/o 结尾 加 es pass→passes（通过）、watch→watches（看）、go→goes（去） 以辅音 + y 结尾 变y为i加es study→studies（学习）、try→tries（尝试） 不规则变化 特殊记忆 have→has（有）、do→does（做） 3. 常见主语三单形式 人称代词：He（他）、She（她）、It（它） 例：He likes football.（他喜欢足球。） 单数名词：Tom（汤姆）、the dog（狗）、my mother（我妈妈） 例：My mother cooks dinner every day.（我妈妈每天做晚饭。） 4. 错误提醒 ❌ 错误：She have long hair.（动词未变三单） ✅ 正确：She has long hair. ❌ 错误：She wear a red sweater.（动词未变三单） ✅ 正确：She wears a red sweater. （二）并列句前后语法一致性（and 连接） 当主语相同，“and”连接两个并列动作/状态时，第二个谓语动词需与第一个保持时态和单复数一致： 一般现在时三单：主语 + 三单动词 1 + and + 三单动词 2 例：He plays basketball and swims on weekends.（他周末打篮球和游泳。） 一般现在时非三单：主语 + 动词原形 1 + and + 动词原形 2 例：They sing and dance in the classroom.（他们在教室里唱歌跳舞。） 现在进行时：主语 + be 动词 + 动词 ing1 + and + 动词 ing2 例：She is reading and writing now.（她现在正在读书和写字。） 3. 错误提醒 ❌ 错误：She has long hair and wear a red sweater.（第二个动词未变三单，语法不一致） ✅ 正确：She has long hair and wears a red sweater. ❌ 错误：He plays football and swim every day.（第二个动词未变三单，语法不一致） ✅ 正确：He plays football and swims every day. 【大显身手】 一、单项选择题。 ( )1. My father ______ coffee every morning. A. drink B. drinks C. drinking ( )2. The bird ______ in the tree every evening. A. sing B. sings C. singing ( )3. Lucy ______ a red bag and a blue pencil-case. A. have B. has C. having ( )4. Tom likes ______ football and ______ books. A. play; read B. playing; reading C. playing; read ( )5. They go to school by bike and ______ games after class. A. play B. plays C. playing 考点三：特殊疑问词which & where Which one is your father? Where does he/she work? （一）疑问词 which（哪一个 / 哪一些） （1）基本含义 用于从多个已知对象中挑选特定事物/人物，明确限定选择范围。 （2）常见搭配 which + 单数名词：which book（哪一本书）、which pen（哪一支笔） which + 复数名词：which bags（哪一些书包）、which boys（哪一些男孩） which one：单独指代单数对象（避免重复名词），如 Which one is yours?（哪一个是你的？） （3）句型结构 询问人/物属性（含 be 动词）：Which + 名词 /one + be 动词 + 主语？ 例：Which girl is Lily?（哪一个女孩是莉莉？）、Which one is your ruler?（哪一个是你的尺子？） 询问人/物动作（含实义动词）：Which + 名词 + 助动词（do/does）+ 主语 + 实义动词原形？ 例： Which class do you like?（你喜欢哪一门课？） （二）疑问词 where（在哪里） （1）基本含义 专门询问人/物的位置、地点，或动作发生的场所。 （2）句型结构 询问人 / 物位置（含 be 动词）：Where + be 动词 + 主语？ 例：Where is your school?（你的学校在哪里？）、Where are they?（他们在哪里？） 询问动作发生地点（含实义动词）：Where + 助动词（do/does）+ 主语 + 实义动词原形？ 例：Where do you live?（你住在哪里？）、Where does she study?（她在哪里学习？） （3）常用答句 用 “介词 + 地点名词” 回答，简洁明确： 例：Where does he work? → He works in a school.（他在学校工作。） 例：Where is your bag? → It’s on the desk.（它在桌子上。） （4）易错提醒 ❌ 错误：Where he works?（缺助动词 does，三单主语需助动词引导问句） ✅ 正确：Where does he work? ❌ 错误：Where do she work?（助动词与三单主语不匹配） ✅ 正确：Where does she work? 【大显身手】 一、单项选择题。 ( )1.—______ one is your English book? —The red one. A. Where B. Which C. What ( )2.—______ does your mother work? —She works in a hospital. A. Which B. Where C. Who ( )3.—______ pen do you like? —The blue one. A. Where B. What C. Which ( )4.—______ is your school? —It’s near the park. A. Which B. Where C. How ( )5.—______ does your father go every weekend? —He goes to the library. A. Where B. Which C. When 考点四：Is的一般疑问句 Is your father a businessman? No, he isn't. 解释：问句询问他人职业身份，属于“Be 动词引导的一般疑问句”，答句主语用代词替代原句主语（your father→he），Be 动词与原句一致。 （一）句子解析 1. 定义 用 Be 动词（Is）开头，询问 “单数主语（He/She/It/ 单数名词）是否具有某种身份、特征或状态” 的疑问句，回答用 “Yes/No”。 2. 句型结构 （1）疑问句结构： Is + 主语（He/She/It/ 单数名词 /your + 单数名词） + 表语（身份 / 特征 / 状态）？ 👉 例：Is she a teacher?（她是一名老师吗？） 👉 例：Is this a book?（这是一本书吗？） （2）回答结构： 肯定回答：Yes, 主语代词 + is. 👉 例：Is your brother a student? → Yes, he is.（是的，他是。） 否定回答：No, 主语代词 + isn't.（isn't=is not） 👉 例：Is the cat black? → No, it isn't.（不，它不是。） 3. 关键注意点 （1）主语替换： 答句中必须用代词替代原句主语（避免重复）： 原句主语是 “your father/mother”→ 答句用 “he/she” 原句主语是 “this/that/a + 单数名词”→ 答句用 “it” ❌ 错误：Is your sister a doctor? → Yes, your sister is.（重复原主语） ✅ 正确：Yes, she is. （2）Be 动词一致性： 问句用 “Is”，答句必须还用 “is/isn't”，不能换其他 Be 动词（am/are） ❌ 错误：Is he a driver? → Yes, he are.（Be 动词不一致） ✅ 正确：Yes, he is. （3）表语类型： 可接 “职业名词”（teacher/businessman/doctor）、“特征形容词”（tall/happy）、“地点介词短语”（at home/in the park）等： 👉 例：Is Tom happy?（汤姆开心吗？）→ Yes, he is. 👉 例：Is the book on the desk?（书在桌子上吗？）→ No, it isn't. （二）例句拓展 疑问句 肯定回答 否定回答 Is she a nurse?（她是护士吗？） Yes, she is. No, she isn't. Is your school big?（你的学校大吗？） Yes, it is. No, it isn't. Is that a pencil?（那是一支铅笔吗？） Yes, it is. No, it isn't. 【大显身手】 一、选择题。 ( )1. —Is your mother a teacher? —______, she isn't. A. Yes B. No C. Not ( )2. —Is ______ a dog? —Yes, it is. A. this B. these C. they ( )3. —Is Tom tall? —______, he is. A. No B. Yes C. Not ( )4. —Is your bag red? —No, ______ isn't. A. it B. she C. he ( )5. —Is Lily in the classroom? —Yes, ______ is. A. it B. she C. he 考点五：询问他人职业的句型 -What does he do? -He’s a PE teacher. 一、核心定义 （1）疑问句结构： What + 助动词（does） + 主语（He/She/ 单数名词 /your + 单数名词） + 实义动词原形（do）？👉 口诀：“问职业，what 开头，三单主语加 does，do 用原形记心头” 👉 例：What does she do?（她是做什么的？） 👉 例：What does your father do?（你爸爸是做什么的？） （2）答句结构： 主语代词 + be 动词（is） + a/an + 职业名词. 👉 例：What does Tom do? → He is a student.（他是一名学生。） 👉 例：What does the woman do? → She is a doctor.（她是一名医生。） （3）关键注意点 ①助动词的选择： 主语是第三人称单数（He/She/It/ 单数名词）→ 用 does ❌ 错误：What do he do?（助动词误用 do） ✅ 正确：What does he do? 主语是第一 / 二人称、复数（I/You/We/They/ 复数名词）→ 用 do 例：What do you do?（你是做什么的？）→ I am a pupil. ②实义动词 do 的用法： 问句中的 do 是 “做” 的意思，必须用原形，因为前面有助动词 does： ❌ 错误：What does she does?（实义动词误用三单形式） ✅ 正确：What does she do? （4）答句的职业名词 职业名词前需加 a/an（元音音素开头用 an，辅音音素开头用 a）： 例：a teacher（一名老师）、an engineer（一名工程师） 常见小学职业词汇：teacher（老师）、doctor（医生）、nurse（护士）、driver（司机）、student（学生）、farmer（农民）、businessman（商人）、PE teacher（体育老师） （5）主语代词替换 答句中用代词替代原句主语（避免重复）： 原句主语：he→答句用 he；she→she；your father→he；your mother→she ❌ 错误：What does Tom do? → Tom is a student.（重复主语，不简洁） ✅ 正确：He is a student. 二、例子 疑问句 肯定答句 职业词汇拓展 What does she do? She is a nurse. nurse（护士） What does your brother do? He is a driver. driver（司机） What does the man do? He is a farmer. farmer（农民） What does your aunt do? She is a doctor. doctor（医生） What does Lucy do? She is a student. student（学生） 【大显身手】 一、选择题。 ( )1. —What ______ he do? —He is a doctor. A. do B. does C. is ( )2. —What does your mother do? —______ is a teacher. A. She B. He C. It ( )3. —What does Tom do? —He is ______ student. A. a B. an C. / ( )4. —What does she do? —______ is a nurse. A. I B. She C. You ( )5. —What does your father do? —He ______ a driver. A. is B. does C. do 综合训练 一、单项选择题。 ( )1. Look! The girl ______ a song in the classroom. A. sing B. singing C. is singing ( )2. My mother ______ dinner in the kitchen now. A. cooks B. is cooking C. cook ( )3. Tom ______ football and ______ books every weekend. A. play; read B. plays; reads C. plays; read ( )4. Lucy ______ big eyes and ______ a pink dress today. A. has; wears B. have; wear C. has; wear ( )5. —______ one is your pencil? —The yellow one. A. Where B. Which C. What ( )6. —______ does your father work? —He works in a school. A. Which B. Where C. Who ( )7. —______ is your home? —It’s near the park. A. Where B. Which C. How ( )8. —Is your sister a teacher? —______, she isn’t. A. Yes B. No C. Not ( )9. —Is Lily happy today? —Yes, ______ is. A. it B. she C. he ( )10. —What ______ he do? —He is a policeman. A. do B. does C. is 二、图文匹配。 A. B. C. D. E. ( )1. My uncle is a cook. He works in a big hotel. ( )2. Liz is a teacher. She works in a nice school. ( )3. My mother is a doctor. She works in the hospital. ( )4. Tom’s grandpa is a farmer. He works on a farm. ( )5. Her father is a policeman. He works at a police station. 三、从方框中选择合适的单词，补全句子。 hospital farmer wear park work 1. Her father likes to ______ a blue jacket every day. 2. My uncle is a ______. He works on a big farm. 3. His mother goes to ______ at 8 o’clock every morning. 4. My grandma is ill. She is in the ______ now. 5. They fly kites in the ______ on Sundays. 四、匹配题。 ( )1. What does your father do?A. Yes, she is. B. He works on a farm. C. He is a doctor. D. The man in a black coat. E. I do my homework and read books. ( )2. Is your mother a teacher? ( )3. Which one is your uncle? ( )4. Where does the farmer work? ( )5. What do you do after school? 五、连词成句。 1. wears, She, a, white, coat (.) 2. works, He, at, a, police, station (.) 3. playing, My, friend, football, over, there, is (.) 4. does, he, Where, work (?) 5. father, Is, a, your, businessman (?) 六、补全对话。 A. Where does she work? B. What does your father do? C. Is your mother a teacher? D. Where does your father work? E. Do you want to be a doctor like your mother? Tom: Hello, Liz! How are you today? Liz: I’m fine, thank you. And you, Tom? Tom: I’m great! 1. ________________________ Liz: My father is a policeman. He helps people every day. Tom: Cool! 2. ________________________ Liz: He works at a police station near our home. Tom: What about your mother? 3. ________________________ Liz: No, she isn’t. She is a doctor. Tom: That’s nice! 4. ________________________ Liz: She works in a big hospital. Tom: 5. ________________________ Liz: Yes, I want to be a doctor too. I like helping sick people. 参考答案 考点一： 1-5CABCB 考点二： 1-5BBBBA 考点三： 1-5BBCBA 考点四： 1-5BABAB 考点五 1-5BAABA 第2页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 【综合训练】 一、单项选择题。 1-5CBBAB 6-10BABBB 二、图文匹配。 1-5ECBAD 三、从方框中选择合适的单词，补全句子。 1.wear 2.farmer 3.work 4.hospital 5.park 四、匹配题 1—C 2—A 3—D 4—B 5—E 五、连词成句。 1. She wears a white coat (.) 2.He works at a police station (.) 3.My friend is playing football over there (.) 4.Where does he work (?) 5.Is your father a businessman (?) 六、补全对话。 1-5 BDCAE $