专题06 三大从句与特殊句式- 连接词逻辑与高分句式升级 （培优讲义）（全国通用）2026年高考英语二轮复习高效培优系列

该高中英语讲义聚焦三大从句与特殊句式高考核心考点，按考情精析、重难考点深解（定语/名词性/状语从句、倒装等10大考点）、解题思维优化（6大题型）逻辑架构，通过考点梳理（如关系词that/what辨析）、方法指导（如三步区分法定语与状语从句）、真题训练（典例精析+变式巩固）环节，帮助学生系统突破从句类型混淆、连接词误用等难点。 资料以连接词逻辑分析与高分句式升级为特色，创新设计“从句类型三步区分法”“倒装信号词清单”等教学策略，结合高考真题典例（如2025年全国卷定语从句题）与分层变式练习，培养学生思维品质（辨析能力）与语言能力（句式复杂度提升）。通过高频考点靶向突破与即时反馈，确保学生高效掌握从句选择、句式应用技巧，为教师精准把控复习节奏提供清晰路径。

专题06 三大从句与特殊句式--连接词逻辑与高分句式升级 目录 第一部分 考情精析 锁定靶心 高效备考 第二部分 重难考点深解 深度溯源 扫清盲区 【考点01】定语从句关系代词 which/that/who/whom 全解 【考点02】“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句 【考点03】关系副词 when/where/why 到底用不用？ 【考点04】名词性从句（主/宾/表/同）核心用法 【考点05】名词性从句连接词 that/what/whether/if 深度抉择 【考点06】状语从句常见引导词及逻辑关系匹配 【考点07】定语从句与状语从句的边界区分 【考点08】完全倒装与部分倒装（附高频倒装信号词清单） 【考点09】省略句的常见情形与判断 【考点10】There be 句型的进阶用法 第三部分 解题思维优化 典例精析+方法提炼+变式巩固 【题型01】定语从句关系词选择 【题型02】名词性从句与状语从句连接词 【题型03】主语从句与形式主语it的解题要点 【题型04】定语从句 vs 同位语从句 vs 强调句 【题型05】倒装句的识别与写作应用 【题型06】状语从句的省略结构分析 核心考向聚焦 核心价值：掌握三大从句与特殊句式的结构与用法，提升语言表达的准确性与复杂性，增强阅读理解与书面表达能力。 关键能力与思维瓶颈 关键能力： 本专题重点考查从句引导词的辨析与选用、句子结构的分析与转换、特殊句式的识别与应用。 培优瓶颈： 学生易混淆从句类型（如定语从句 vs 同位语从句）、误用连接词（如 that/what）、忽略语序与时态呼应，以及在写作中未能灵活运用高级句式。 命题前瞻与备考策略 预测： 高考将继续围绕从句引导词的选择、句子结构的辨析（如定语从句与状语从句）、特殊句式（倒装、省略、There be）的应用设题，注重在语篇中考查语法综合运用能力。 策略：系统梳理各类从句与句式的结构特点，通过对比辨析强化易混点，结合真题与变式训练提升语境判断与句式升级能力。 ◇考点 01 定语从句关系代词 which/that/who/whom 全解 1. 基本用法与指代规则 which：指代物，在从句中作主语/宾语（作宾语可省略）The book which was written by Mo Yan has been translated into 30 languages.（作主语，不可省略） The book (which) I bought yesterday is very interesting.（作宾语，可省略） that：指代人/物，在从句中作主语/宾语/表语（作宾语可省略）This is the best film that I have ever seen.（指代物，先行词被最高级修饰） He is the man that helped me yesterday.（指代人） who/whom：指代人，who作主语/宾语，whom仅作宾语（作宾语可省略）The girl who is standing there is my sister.（作主语） The professor (whom) we met yesterday will give us a lecture.（作宾语） 2. that vs which 关键区别（高考高频考点） 只能用that的情况 只能用which的情况 ①先行词被序数词/最高级修饰 ②先行词是all, everything, nothing等不定代词 ③先行词既有人又有物 ④先行词被the only, the very修饰 ①引导非限制性定语从句 ②"介词+关系代词"结构中 ③先行词是that/those时 ④引导修饰整个主句的定语从句 错误：This is the museum where we visited last week. 正确：This is the museum that/which we visited last week. （解析：visit是及物动词，需要宾语，where是关系副词不能作宾语） 【高分技巧】 在书面表达中，将简单句升级为定语从句可提升语法复杂度。如： 基础版：Our school has a library. It was built in 1980. 升级版：Our school has a library which was built in 1980.（限制性定语从句） 高级版：Our school has a library, which was built in 1980 and now has over 100,000 books.（非限制性定语从句，增加信息量） ◇考点 02 "介词＋关系代词"引导的定语从句 1. 介词选择三大依据 与先行词搭配：根据先行词的习惯搭配确定介词I still remember the day on which I joined the Party.（the day与on搭配） This is the company in which my father works.（the company与in搭配） 与从句动词搭配：根据定语从句中谓语动词的固定搭配确定介词He is the man with whom I worked closely.（work with sb. 与某人合作） This is the problem about which we talked yesterday.（talk about sth. 谈论某事） 根据句意逻辑：根据上下文语义确定介词The temperature at which water boils is 100℃.（表示"在……温度下"） He has three sons, two of whom are doctors.（表示"其中的"） 2. 高频介词搭配清单（高考必备） on which = when（具体日期/星期） in which = when（年/月/季节/世纪） by which time（到那时为止） during which（在……期间） "介词提前看搭配，动词先行和语义； 关系代词指人whom，指物which要记准； 固定搭配需牢记，高考真题常考及。" ◇考点 03 关系副词 when/where/why 到底用不用？ 1. 基本用法与判断标准 关系副词在定语从句中作状语，替代先行词在从句中表示的时间、地点或原因。判断标准：先行词在从句中是否作状语。 关系副词 用先行词类型 在从句中作 可替换结构 when 表示时间的名词（day, year, time等） 时间状语 on/in/at which where 表示地点的名词（place, city, room等） 地点状语 in/at/on which why reason 原因状语 for which 2. 易混点辨析：关系副词 vs 关系代词 ① This is the factory where my father works.（正确，work是不及物动词，从句主谓完整，缺地点状语） ② This is the factory which we visited last week.（正确，visit是及物动词，从句缺宾语） ③ I'll never forget the day when I met you.（正确，met虽及物，但已有宾语you，缺时间状语） ④ I'll never forget the day (which) we spent together.（正确，spent缺宾语） 3. 特殊先行词后的where（高考热点） 某些抽象名词后可用where引导定语从句，表示"在……方面/情况下"： case, situation, condition（情况） point, stage（阶段） activity, event（活动） position, role（位置/角色） We have reached a point where we must make a decision.（我们已到了必须做决定的阶段） He's in a situation where he has to choose between job and family.（他处于必须在工作和家庭间做选择的境地） 将先行词放入定语从句，若需要加介词才能使从句完整，则用关系副词或"介词+关系代词"；若不需要加介词直接作成分，则用关系代词。 例：I like the house. I was born in the house. → I like the house where/in which I was born.（需要加介词in，用where） ◇考点 04 名词性从句（主/宾/表/同）核心用法 1. 四大名词性从句基本结构 从句类型 位置特征 常用连接词 例句 主语从句 句首或it作形式主语后 that, whether, what, who等 What he said surprised us all. / It's clear that he will win. 宾语从句 及物动词/介词后 that(可省), if, whether, what等 I think (that) he is right. / I'm interested in what she said. 表语从句 系动词后 that, whether, what, because等 The fact is that he lied. / This is why we came late. 同位语从句 抽象名词后，解释名词内容 that, whether, how等 The news that he won excited everyone. / I have no idea whether he will come. 2. 语序规则：陈述语序（高考易错点） 所有名词性从句都必须用陈述语序（主语在前，谓语在后），即使从句表达疑问含义。 错误：I don't know what is his name.（疑问语序） 正确：I don't know what his name is.（陈述语序） 错误：Can you tell me how can I get there? 正确：Can you tell me how I can get there? 3. 时态呼应规则 主句为现在/将来时态，从句可根据实际情况用任何时态 主句为过去时态，从句通常用相应的过去时态（客观真理除外） He says he will go to Beijing tomorrow.（主句现在时，从句将来时） He said he would go to Beijing the next day.（主句过去时，从句过去将来时） The teacher told us the earth goes around the sun.（客观真理，用一般现在时） 【高分写作应用】：在书面表达中灵活运用名词性从句可提升句式复杂度。如表达观点时： 基础版：We should protect the environment. This is important. 升级版：That we should protect the environment is important.（主语从句） 高级版：It's important that we should protect the environment, which is beneficial to our health.（形式主语+非限制性定语从句） ◇考点 05 名词性从句连接词 that/what/whether/if 深度抉择 1. that vs what："无义连接"与"有义连接" 根本区别：that在从句中不充当成分，无实际意义；what在从句中充当主语/宾语/表语，有"所……的"含义。 ① That he will come is certain.（that不充当成分，无意义，引导主语从句） ② What he will say is uncertain.（what作say的宾语，表示"他所说的话"，引导主语从句） ③ The fact is that he lied.（that不充当成分，引导表语从句） ④ The fact is what we need to know.（what作know的宾语，引导表语从句） 2. whether vs if："是否"的选择困境 两者都可表示"是否"，但以下情况只能用whether： 引导主语从句（置于句首时） 引导表语从句和同位语从句 与or not直接连用 作介词宾语 后接动词不定式 Whether he will come is unknown.（主语从句，不能用if） The question is whether we should go.（表语从句，不能用if） I have no idea whether he will come or not.（同位语从句+or not，不能用if） It depends on whether he can arrive on time.（介词on后，不能用if） He doesn't know whether to stay or leave.（后接不定式，不能用if） 3. 连接代词与连接副词的选择 根据从句缺少的成分类型选择： 缺主语/宾语/表语/定语 → 用连接代词（what, who, whom, whose, which） 缺状语（时间/地点/原因/方式等） → 用连接副词（when, where, why, how） I don't know who broke the window.（缺主语，指人 → who） I don't know what he wants.（缺宾语，指物 → what） I don't know whose book this is.（缺定语 → whose） I don't know when he will come.（缺时间状语 → when） I don't know how he did it.（缺方式状语 → how） ◇考点 06 状语从句常见引导词及逻辑关系匹配 1. 九大类状语从句引导词系统梳理 从句类型 核心引导词 逻辑关系 高考频率 时间状语从句 when, while, as, before, after, since, till, until, immediately, as soon as, every time 时间先后/同时 ★★★★★ 条件状语从句 if, once, unless, in case, as/so long as, on condition that 假设条件 ★★★★☆ 原因状语从句 because, as, since, now that, seeing that, in that, considering that 因果关系 ★★★☆☆ 让步状语从句 though/although, even if/even though, while, “疑问词-ever”， “no matter＋疑问词” （尽管） 转折让步 ★★★★☆ 目的状语从句 so that, in order that, in case 目的意图 ★★★☆☆ 结果状语从句 so...that, such...that, so that 结果影响 比较状语从句 than, as...as, not so...as, the more...the more 比较关系 ★★★☆☆ 方式状语从句 as, as if/though 行为方式 ★★☆☆☆ 地点状语从句 where, wherever 地点场所 ★☆☆☆☆ 2. 高频引导词深度辨析 1） 时间状语从句 关联词或短语 意义 例句 when,while,as 当……的时候 He jumped up when the phone rang. We listened while the teacher read. The phone rang just as I was leaving. (as强调主、从句动作同时或几乎同时发生;while从句的谓语动词必须是延续性动词,不能是非延续性动词) till,until 直到 Jane completed her last novel Persuasion in 1816,but it was not published until after her death.(until要与延续性动词连用;not...until 要与非延续性动词连用) since 自从 It is two years since he joined the army.他参军两年了。 It is two years since he smoked.他戒烟两年了。 (其后所用动词不同,该动词所表示动作持续时间的计算方法也不同) the moment,the minute,the instant,the second;no sooner...than...;hardly...when...;as soon as;directly, immediately,once 一…… 就…… Tell him the news as soon as you see him. I recognized her the moment (that) I saw her. I want to see him the minute (that) he arrives. I went home directly I had finished work. Once he arrives,we can start. 2）结果状语从句 关联短语或结构 意义 例句 so that 结果 He didn’t plan his time well,so that he didn’t finish his work in time. so+形容词/副词+that从句 如此…… 以至于 …… Xiao Ming is so clever that all his teachers like him. so+形容词+a/an+单数可数名词+that从句 It is so beautiful a scenery that many people look lost in it. so+ many/much/little/few+名词+that从句 There was so little water in the jar that it was not enough for all of us. such+a/an+形容词+单数可数名词+that从句 We left in such a hurry that we forgot to lock the door. such+形容词+可数名词复数/不可数名词+that从句 They are such interesting books that I want to read them once more. 3）让步状语从句 关联词或短语 意义 例句 though,although 虽然 Although/Though small,the company has about 1,000 buyers in over 30 countries.(although和though用正常语序,可和yet连用,但不可和but连用) as 虽然 Hard as/though he works,he makes little progress.=Though he works hard,he makes little progress. (在让步状语从句中常用倒装形式,可被though替换) even if,even though 即使 Even though/if you say so,I do not believe it. no matter what,whatever,no matter who,whoever,no matter which,whichever,no matter how,however,no matter when,whenever 无论…… Whoever breaks laws will be punished.=No matter who breaks laws,he/she will be punished. (“疑问词+ever”=“no matter +疑问词”,“疑问词+ever”也可以引导名词性从句) while 尽管,虽然 While he loves his students,he is very strict with them. (一般位于句首,用于句中时,译为“然而”,表对照对比关系) whether...or not 无论(是否) Whether you believe it or not,it is true. 4）　条件状语从句 引导条件状语从句的常用连接词有if, once, unless, in case, as/so long as, on condition that, supposing (that), given (that), providing/provided (that) 等。 1. if (1)若主句为将来时，if从句多用一般现在时表将来。 If it snows tomorrow, we will go skiing. (2) if possible/necessary意为“如有可能，如有必要”。 If (it is) necessary, please bring your computer here. (3) only if和 if only only if意为“只有”， 置于句首时主句的主谓要用部分倒装。if only 意为“但愿，要是……就好了”，引导的从句要用虚拟语气。 Only if you work harder can you catch up with others. If only it could be sunny tomorrow. 2. unless unless引导条件状语从句，表示“除非，否则”，可替换成if... not...。 Please don’t speak, unless you are invited. ＝Please don’t speak, if you are not invited. 5）　比较状语从句 比较状语从句一般位于句尾，常用than, as... as...， not as/so... as...等引导。 1. than前的形容词和副词用比较级形式。 It’s easier than I thought. I sing better than he does. ＝ He doesn’t sing as well as I do. 2. as... as...表示“前者与后者一样……”，not as/so... as...表示“前者不如后者……”，形容词和副词均用原级。常用于以下句型： as＋adj. /adv. ＋as as＋adj. ＋a/an＋可数名词单数＋as as＋many/few＋可数名词复数＋as as＋much/little＋不可数名词＋as I have as good a sister as you have. I’m not as considerate as so many people seem to think. They are having almost as much unemployment as we are. ◇考点 07 定语从句与状语从句的边界区分 1. 根本区别：修饰对象不同 定语从句：修饰名词或代词，相当于形容词作用 状语从句：修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，表示时间、地点、原因、条件等 2. 易混引导词深度辨析 （1）where引导的定语从句 vs 地点状语从句 类型 特点 例句 判断方法 定语从句 前面有先行词（地点名词） I visited the factory where my father works. 可还原为"in the factory"（有先行词factory） 地点状语从句 前面无先行词，直接修饰动词Where there is a will, there is a way. 不可还原为"in the where"（无先行词） （2）when引导的定语从句 vs 时间状语从句 定语从句：I still remember the day when I first met you.（前面有先行词the day） 时间状语从句：When I met him, he was reading a book.（前面无先行词，修饰整个主句） （3）as引导的定语从句 vs 状语从句 定语从句（非限制性）：As we all know, the earth is round.（as指代整个主句内容，可译为"正如"） 时间状语从句：As I was walking, I met an old friend.（译为"当……时"，主从句动作同时进行） 让步状语从句：As tired as he was, he continued working.（译为"尽管"，用于倒装结构） 三步区分法（高考解题必备） 1. 找先行词：从句前是否有被修饰的名词/代词？有 → 可能是定语从句 2. 分析功能：从句是修饰名词还是修饰动词/整个句子？修饰名词 → 定语从句 3. 替换验证：能否用"介词+关系代词"替换引导词？能 → 定语从句；不能 → 状语从句 ◇考点 08 完全倒装与部分倒装（附高频倒装信号词清单） 1. 完全倒装：主谓宾结构完全颠倒 定义：将整个谓语动词提到主语之前，主要用于强调句首的状语。 常见情形： 表示方位的副词/介词短语置于句首（up, down, in, out, here, there, on the hill, under the tree等） Out rushed the children.（孩子们冲了出去） On the top of the mountain stands a temple.（山顶上矗立着一座寺庙） there be句型（be动词可替换为live, stand, lie, exist等） There stands a tall building in front of our school.（我们学校前面有一座高楼） There lived an old man in the village.（村里住着一位老人） 2. 部分倒装：助动词/情态动词提到主语前 定义：仅将谓语的一部分（助动词、情态动词、be动词）提到主语之前，主要用于强调或构成疑问句。 倒装类型 信号词/句型 例句 否定词提前 never, hardly, scarcely, seldom, rarely Never have I seen such a beautiful place. not until... Not until he came back did I leave. no sooner...than, hardly...when No sooner had we arrived than it began to rain. in no way, by no means, at no time In no way can we give up. only+状语提前 only+副词/介词短语/状语从句 Only in this way can we solve the problem. so/such置句首 so+形容词/副词, such+名词 结构中 So fast did he run that I couldn't catch up. as/though引导让步状语从句 形容词/副词/名词+as+主语+谓语 Young as he is, he knows a lot. 3. 不倒装的特殊情况 当句首状语是here, there, up, down等，且主语是人称代词时不倒装Here he comes.（他来了）（主语是代词he，不倒装） only修饰主语时不倒装Only he can solve the problem.（只有他能解决这个问题） as引导让步状语从句时，若提前的是名词，名词前不加冠词Child as he is, he knows a lot.（尽管他是个孩子）（child前不加a） 【高频再现】高频倒装信号词清单（高考必备）： 否定类：never, hardly, scarcely, seldom, rarely, not until, no sooner, hardly when, in no way 强调类：only+状语, so...that, such...that 让步类：as, though 方位类：here, there, up, down, in, out, away, on the hill 记忆口诀："否定副词放句首，only状语在前端，so和such加that，as/though引导让步，全部都要部分倒；方位副词句首站，完全倒装记心间。" ◇考点 09 省略句的常见情形与判断 1. 状语从句的省略（高考核心考点） 条件：当状语从句的主语与主句主语一致，且从句谓语含be动词时，可省略从句的主语和be动词。 高频省略类型： 时间状语从句（when, while, as, once, until等引导）When (I was) walking in the street, I met an old friend.（省略主语I和was） While (he was) studying, he fell asleep.（省略主语he和was） 条件状语从句（if, unless等引导）If (it is) necessary, I will help you.（省略it is） Unless (you are) invited, you shouldn't go.（省略you are） 让步状语从句（though, although, even if等引导）Though (he was) tired, he continued working.（省略he was） Even if (I am) invited, I won't go.（省略I am） 方式状语从句（as if, as though引导）He talks as if (he were) a expert.（省略he were） 2. 不定式省略（保留to） 当不定式在上下文重复出现时，可省略不定式后的动词，仅保留to。 He didn't come, though he had promised to.（=to come） I want to go with you, but my mother doesn't allow me to.（=to go with you） He didn't pass the exam, but he hoped to.（=to pass the exam） 3. 其他常见省略情形 对话中的省略（省略主语、谓语等）—Where are you going? —To the library.（=I am going to the library） —Have you finished your homework? —Not yet.（=I haven't finished my homework yet） there be句型的省略（省略there be） Any news?（=Is there any news?） Nobody in the room.（=There is nobody in the room.） 独立主格结构中的省略（省略being）The meeting (being) over, we left the room.（会议结束后，我们离开了房间） 4. 省略句的判断与还原技巧 1. 找主语：判断从句主语是否与主句一致 2. 补全成分：尝试还原被省略的主语和be动词 3. 验证逻辑：还原后句子是否通顺，逻辑是否合理 真题分析（2023年全国卷短文改错） 原句：While walked in the park, I saw a bird.（错误） 分析：while引导的时间状语从句，主语I与主句主语一致，从句应省略I was，保留walking → 改为While walking in the park, I saw a bird. ① 当从句主语与主句主语不一致时，不可省略主语和be动词 错误：While walking in the park, a bird was seen.（主语不一致，应改为While I was walking in the park, I saw a bird.） ② 感官动词和使役动词后的不定式省略to（see, hear, make, let等） 例：I saw him enter the room.（不是to enter） 但被动语态中to要还原：He was seen to enter the room. ◇考点 10 There be 句型的进阶用法 1. 基本结构与主谓一致 基本结构：There be + 主语 + 地点状语（表示"某地有某物"） 主谓一致规则：be动词的单复数形式由最靠近be的主语决定（就近原则） There is a book and two pens on the desk.（靠近be的主语a book是单数，用is） There are two pens and a book on the desk.（靠近be的主语two pens是复数，用are） There is a lot of water in the bottle.（不可数名词，用is） There are many students in the classroom.（可数名词复数，用are） 2. be动词的灵活替换（高级表达） 为避免单调，be动词可替换为表示"存在、发生、出现"的动词： 表示存在：live, exist, lie, stand, remain There lives an old man in the village.（村里住着一位老人） There stands a tall building on the hill.（山上矗立着一座高楼） There lies a river between the two villages.（两村之间有一条河） 表示发生/出现：happen, occur, appear, seem, come, go There happened an accident yesterday.（昨天发生了一场事故） There appears to be a mistake in the report.（报告中似乎有个错误） There came a knock at the door.（传来一阵敲门声） 3. 时态变化与非谓语形式 （1）时态变化 一般现在时：There is a meeting every Monday.（每周一有会议） 一般过去时：There was a football match yesterday.（昨天有场足球赛） 一般将来时：There will be / There is going to be a party tomorrow.（明天有个派对） 现在完成时：There has been great changes in our city.（我们城市发生了巨大变化） 过去完成时：There had been no rain for three months.（已经三个月没下雨了） （2）非谓语形式 不定式：there to be（作主语、宾语、表语）It's impossible for there to be another earthquake.（不可能再发生地震了） We expect there to be a good result.（我们期望有个好结果） 动名词：there being（作主语、宾语、介词宾语）There being no bus, we had to walk home.（没有公交车，我们只好步行回家） He talked about there being a possibility of rain.（他谈到有可能下雨） There be与have的区别 There be 无生命主语，不能用于所属关系 表示"某地存在某物" There is a book on the desk. have/has 有生命主语， 强调所属关系，表示"某人拥有某物" I have a book. 【高频再现】 高分写作应用：在书面表达中，灵活运用There be句型的变体可提升表达多样性。如： 基础版：Our school has a beautiful garden. Many flowers are in it. 升级版：There lies a beautiful garden in our school, with many kinds of flowers blooming all year round.（there lies + with复合结构，更生动形象） 高级版：There is no denying that a good environment is beneficial to our health.（There is no denying that... 固定句型，表示"不可否认……"） ◇题型 01 定语从句关系词选择 典｜例｜精｜析 典例1（2025年全国一卷）An exhibition at the Jiushi Art Museum in Shanghai is featuring artwork inspired by Go, or weiqi in Chinese, ____56____ originated in China more than 4,000 years ago. 【答案】which 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：上海久事美术馆正在举办一场展览，展出的艺术品灵感来自围棋（中文称为“围棋”），它起源4000多年前的中国。本空引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词为Go, or weiqi in Chinese，指物，且关系词代替先行词在从句中作主语，所以用关系代词which引导。故填which。 典例2（2025年全国二卷）I was born and raised in Cleveland, Ohio in the United States. Yet now, I live in the countryside of Zhejiang, China with my Chinese husband and his family, ____36____ bamboo and tea bushes (灌木) grow wild in the mountains, chickens are always free-range, and ____37central____ (center) heating doesn’t exist. 【答案where 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：然而现在，我和我的中国丈夫和他的家人住在中国浙江的农村，在那里山上野生竹子和茶树丛生，鸡总是自由放养的，而且没有集中供暖。本空引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词the countryside of Zhejiang，China，关系词代替先行词在从句中作地点状语，应用关系副词where引导。故填where。 方｜法｜提｜练 变｜式｜巩｜固 变式1（2026·江苏盐城四校高三质量检测）The Dragon Boat Festival,______honors the patriotic poet Qu Yuan, is another notable event. 【答案】 which 【解析】 考查定语从句。空格处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是The Dragon Boat Festival（指物），关系词在从句中作主语，因此用关系代词which引导。 变式2（2026·湖北十堰云学名校联盟高三月考）This term,______original meaning was "taking a break", has evolved to indicate the end of the hot summer. 【答案】 whose 【解析】 考查定语从句。空格处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是this term，关系词在从句中作定语（修饰original meaning），表示“……的”，因此用关系代词whose引导。 变式3（2026·河北定州中学高三期中）For students considering future careers in technology, humanoid robotics represents one of the most exciting and promising fields______may transform industries and daily life. 【答案】 that 【解析】 考查定语从句。空格处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词fields（指物），关系词在从句中作主语，且先行词被最高级the most exciting and promising修饰，因此只能用that引导。 变式4[原创题]The Chinese traditional solar term "Winter Solstice" (冬至)，______ marks the shortest day of the year, is often regarded as an important time for family reunions and enjoying tangyuan or dumplings in different regions of China. 【答案】which 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：中国传统节气“冬至”标志着一年中白昼最短的一天，在中国各地常被视为家庭团聚、共享汤圆或饺子的重要时节。空格处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词 "Winter Solstice"（指物），且关系词在从句中充当主语，故用关系代词 which。 ◇题型 02 名词性从句与状语从句连接词 典｜例｜精｜析 典例1【2024全国甲卷】How did the national park system come about? On a cool, starry night in mid-September 1870, four men relaxed before a campfire along the Firehole River in ____43____ is now northwestern Wyoming. 【答案】what 【解析】考查宾语从句。句意：1870年9月中旬，在一个凉爽、繁星点点的夜晚，四个男人在火洞河边的营火前放松，这里现在是怀俄明州的西北部。后文为介词in的宾语，is前缺主语，指物，主语用what引导宾语从句，作介词in的宾语，故填what。 典例2【2022年北京卷】 It’s easy to explain how we determine ____15____ smells are dangerous or not: we learn. 15.【解析】 考查宾语从句的引导词。句意：解释我们怎样确定气味是不是危险的是容易的：我们学习到的。分析句子结构可知，空格前的determine为及物动词，空格后是主+系+表的句子结构，所以空格处的词用来引导宾语从句。再结合句意及空格后句子中的or not可知，此处考查whether…or not的搭配。故填whether。 典例3【2022年天津卷第二次】________ we achieve great success in our work, we should not be too proud. A. Ever since B. Even if C. In case D. As though 【答案】B 【详解】考查状语从句。句意：即使在工作中取得巨大成功，我们也不应该骄傲。A. Ever since自从；B. Even if即使，尽管；C. In case以免；D. As though好像。分析句子结构可知，此处为连词引导状语从句，结合句意可知，两个句子之间为让步关系，even if意为“即使，尽管”符合语境。故选B项。 变｜式｜巩｜固 变式1（2026·重庆南开中学高三期中）Researchers had long sought to explain______Liangzhu was abandoned, and the discovery of clay suggested a connection between floods and the civilization's end. 【答案】 why 【解析】 考查宾语从句。空格处引导宾语从句，作explain的宾语，从句中缺少原因状语，因此用连接副词why引导，表示“为什么良渚文明被遗弃”。 变式2（2026·广东执信中学高三联合调研）Kern argued that studying ancient China or Greece separately limits the ability to understand______makes each culture distinct. 【答案】 what 【解析】 考查宾语从句。空格处引导宾语从句，作understand的宾语，从句中缺少主语（指物），因此用连接代词what引导，表示“使每种文化独特的事物”。 变式3(2026·河南省郑州市十校联考高二期中) Since the beginning of this year, Chinese tech giants like Xiaomi and Huawei, well aware of the opportunities, have joined forces with automotive leaders including Tesla and Toyota in ______ has become an international race to advance this technology. 【答案】what 【解析】考查宾语从句连接词。句意：......已与特斯拉和丰田等汽车行业领军企业联手，展开了一场推进这项技术的国际竞赛。`in`后面是宾语从句，从句中`has become`缺少主语，指事物（“所......的竞赛”），故用连接代词`what`引导。 变式4[原创题]The rapid development of 5G technology has fundamentally changed ______ we communicate, work, and access information, making the world more connected than ever before. 【答案】how 【解析】考查宾语从句。句意：5G技术的快速发展从根本上改变了我们沟通、工作和获取信息的方式，使世界比以往任何时候都更加紧密相连。空格处引导宾语从句，作changed的宾语；从句中主谓宾结构完整，但缺少表示“方式”的状语，故用连接副词 how 引导，意为“如何、怎样”。 易｜错｜警｜示 ◇题型 03 主语从句与形式主语it的解题要点 典｜例｜精｜析 典例1【2021.6新高考1卷】Going to Mount Huangshan reminds me of the popular Beatle's song "The Long and Winding Road".             is so breathtaking about the experience is the out-of-this-world scenes. 【答案】what 【解析】 考查名词性从句。分析题目，空格处无提示词。分子句子结构可知，_____is so breathing about the experience 作 is 的主语，为主语从句。从句中缺少主语，指代事情；且空格位于句首。故填What。 典例2【2018年浙江卷6月】 Many westerners who/that 57 come to China cook much less than in their own countries once they realize how cheap 58 can be to eat out. ... 58. it 【解析】考查it用法。句子为感叹句，正常语序应该是it can be cheap to eat out.其中不定式to eat out是真正主语，用it 是形式主语。故填i。 变式1（2026·湖北鄂东南教育联盟高三期中）______scientists pointing to global warming as a major role in heat waves has caused alarm across Europe. 【答案】 That 【解析】 考查主语从句。空格处引导主语从句，从句中不缺少成分且句意完整，因此用连接词that引导，that在从句中不作成分，仅起连接作用。 变式2（2026·辽宁名校联盟高三期中）______first fascinated him were the exquisite costumes and melodic singing of Peking Opera. 【答案】 What 【解析】 考查主语从句。空格处引导主语从句，从句中缺少主语（指事物），因此用连接代词what引导，且位于句首首字母大写。 变式3（2026·江苏扬州大学附中高三阶段检测）______is clear is that several aspects of the Sanxingdui story remain surrounded by mystery. 【答案】 What 【解析】 考查主语从句。空格处引导主语从句，从句中缺少主语（指事物），因此用连接代词what引导，且位于句首首字母大写。 变式4[原创题]______ makes the 2025 “Artificial Intelligence Plus” initiative particularly groundbreaking is its focus on integrating AI with traditional industries to foster entirely new models of economic growth. 【答案】What 【解析】考查主语从句。句意：使2025年“人工智能+”行动方案具有突破性意义的，是其专注于将人工智能与传统产业融合以培育全新经济增长模式。空格位于句首，引导主语从句，且从句中缺少主语（指事物），故用连接代词 What 引导，意为“所……的事物”。 变式5[原创题]With the college entrance examination approaching, ______ is essential for students to maintain a regular sleep schedule and avoid staying up too late, as adequate rest significantly improves concentration and memory retention. 【答案】it 【解析】考查形式主语。句意：随着高考临近，对学生而言保持规律的作息、避免熬夜至关重要，因为充足的休息能显著提升注意力和记忆力。分析句子结构，不定式短语“to maintain... and avoid...”是真正的主语，空格处需用 it 作形式主语，构成“It is essential (for sb.) to do...”的常用句型。 ◇题型 04 定语从句 vs 同位语从句 vs 强调句 典｜例｜精｜析 典例1（2025年北京卷） However, according to a report by the World Wildlife Fund, tourists ____18left ____ (leave) over 1.3 billion tons of food waste last year, ____19____ accounted for about 8% of the total global gas release in 2024. To reduce our impact, we can take simple steps: empty the fridge before heading out, and choose sustainable dining options. 【答案】which 【解析】考查定语从句关系代词。句意：然而，根据世界野生动物基金会的一份报告，去年游客留下了超过13亿吨的食物垃圾，约占2024年全球气体排放总量的8%。此句为非限制性定语从句，先行词是“1.3 billion tons of food waste”，指物，关系词在从句中作主语，用which引导。故填which。 典例2（2025年1月浙江卷）Tanya is also looking beyond special-occasion dresses to less formal clothing, ____63____ she plans to package as capsule wardrobes and offer to travellers, such as those headed to weddings abroad, with a longer-term rental period. “I really want to make this work for ____64____ (people) lives today, and I know that doesn’t always mean _____65_____ (return) a dress on the Monday after a special weekend,” she says. 【答案】which 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：坦尼娅也在关注非正式服装，而不仅仅是特殊场合的礼服，她计划将这些服装打包成胶囊衣橱，提供给旅行者，比如那些前往国外参加婚礼的人，并提供更长期的租赁服务。“____ she plans to package as capsule wardrobes”是非限定性定语从句，修饰先行词less formal clothing，指物，关系词将其代入从句中作宾语，应用关系代词which引导从句。故填which。 典例3【2024新课标Ⅰ卷】Glasshouse stands ___as__ a great achievement in contemporary design, to house the plants of the southwestern part of China at the end of a path retracing (追溯) the steps along the Silk Route ____64____ brought the plants from their native habitat in Asia to come to define much of the ___richness___ (rich) of gardening in England. 64.【答案】which/that 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：Mark Woodruff补充说：“这是当代设计的最高成就，在丝绸之路的尽头，中国亚热带西南部的植物群从温带的欧洲穿过山脉、干旱的土地和高山牧场，这些植物从亚洲的原生栖息地带到英国，定义了英国园艺的丰富和荣耀。”空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词design，先行词指物，关系词在定语从句中作主语，用关系代词which或that引导从句。故填which/that。 典例4【2024全国甲卷】Yellowstone was the _largest__（large）United States national park—2.2 million acres—until Wrangell-Saint Elias in southern Alaska, _____50_____ became a national monument in 1978, took the honors as a national park in 1980 with 12.3 million acres. 【答案】which 【解析】考查定语从句。句意同上。本空所在句子为定语从句，先行词为Wrangell-Saint Elias，从句中作主语，指物，引导非限制性定语从句用which，故填which。 典例5【2019年全国卷 Ⅰ】While they are rare north of 88°,there is evidence ___61___ they range all the way across the Arctic, and as far south as James Bay in Canada. 61. that【解析】考查同位语从句。根据句子结构分析可知，主句为there be句型，且结构完整，空格后为同位语从句，解释说明中心词evidence的内容，故填that。 典例6【2018年天津卷】 It was only when the car pulled up in front of our house ___________we saw Lily in the passenger seat. A. which B. that C. when D. where 【答案】B 【解析】考查强调句。句意:只有当汽车在我们房子前停下来我们才看到在乘客位置的莉莉。这里考查强调句，强调句型结构为 : lt is/ was + 被强部分(通常是主语、宾语或状语)+ that/ who(当强调主语且主语指人)+ 其他部分。本题强调时间状语 only when the car pulled up in front of our house。故选 B。 方｜法｜提｜练 三大从句核心区别 特征 作用 先行词 连接词 连接词作用 能否省略连接词 定语从句 修饰先行词（限定或描述） 名词/代词（人/物/时间/地点等） that/which/who/whom/when/where等 在从句中作成分（主语/宾语/状语等） that/which作宾语时可省略 同位语从句 解释说明先行词内容 抽象名词（news, fact, idea等） that/whether/how等（that不省略） 仅起连接作用，不作成分 无实际意义， that不可省略 强调句 强调句子某一成分（主语/宾语/状语） 无先行词（强调句是对原句的强调） It is/was...that/who...（固定结构） 仅起强调作用 that/who不可省略 变式1（2026·安徽江南十校高三检测）It is a fact______China's high-speed railway system made Wang's 24-hour journey possible. 【答案】 that 【解析】 考查形式主语it。空格处引导主语从句，it为形式主语，真正的主语是that引导的从句（that China's high-speed railway...），that在从句中不作成分，仅起连接作用。 变式2（2026·重庆一中高三月考）It is the perfect mix of loyalty to heritage______keeps Yongchuan fermented black beans fragrant through generations. 【答案】 that（强调句） 【解析】 考查强调句。空格处构成强调句结构It is...that...，强调主语the perfect mix of loyalty...，that在强调句中不作成分，仅起连接作用，去掉It is和that后句子仍完整（The perfect mix...keeps...）。 变式3（2026·四川绵阳高三诊断）The belief______the Siyin Miao embroidered seals on clothes as a signal has been passed down. 【答案】 that（同位语从句） 【解析】 考查同位语从句。空格处引导同位语从句，解释说明先行词belief的具体内容（“四印苗将印章绣在衣服上作为信号”这一信念），从句中不缺少成分，因此用that引导。 变式4[原创题] China’s remarkable achievements in space exploration, ______ were highlighted by the successful return of the Chang'e-6 lunar probe, have inspired a new generation of young scientists across the country. 【答案】which 【解析】考查非限制性定语从句。句意：中国在太空探索方面的卓越成就——以嫦娥六号月球探测器成功返回为标志——激励了全国新一代年轻科学家。空格引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词“achievements”（指物），关系词在从句中作主语，故用关系代词 which。 变式5[原创题] The widespread conviction ______ continuous effort is the key to overcoming difficulties provides students with great mental strength during the intense college entrance examination preparation. 【答案】that 【解析】考查同位语从句。句意：持续努力是克服困难的关键这一普遍信念，为学生在紧张的高考备考中提供了巨大的精神力量。空格后是一个完整的句子（continuous effort is the key...），用来解释说明抽象名词 conviction 的具体内容，且从句中不缺少任何成分，故用从属连词 that 引导同位语从句。 ◇题型 05 倒装句的识别与写作应用 典｜例｜精｜析 典例1（2026·河南南阳部分高中高三期中）Not until Silk Road Week 2025 opened______people realize the value of cultural exchange through artifacts. 【答案】 did 【解析】 考查部分倒装。Not until+时间状语（Silk Road Week...）位于句首时，主句需部分倒装（将助动词did提前），正常语序为people realized...not until...，倒装后为Not until...did people realize...。 典例2（2026·湖北十堰云学联盟高三月考）Only when the water level is extremely low______the wrecks of German ships emerge from the Danube River. 【答案】 do 【解析】 考查部分倒装。Only+状语从句（when the water level...）位于句首时，主句需部分倒装（将助动词do提前），正常语序为the wrecks...emerge only when...，倒装后为Only when...do the wrecks emerge...。 变式1（2026·山东德州高三月考）Not only______Labubu dolls appear on everyone's lips, but they also boost Pop Mart's shares by 180%. 【答案】 do 【解析】 考查部分倒装。否定词Not only位于句首时，句子需部分倒装（将助动词do提前），正常语序为Labubu dolls not only appear...，倒装后为Not only do Labubu dolls appear...。 变式2（2026·福建厦门外国语学校高三月考）Such is the spirit of the Minnan people______they have maintained their traditions for centuries. 【答案】 that（结果状语从句，非倒装） 【解析】 考查such...that...结构。此处Such位于句首引导结果状语从句，句子需部分倒装（is提前），正常语序为the spirit of the Minnan people is such that...，倒装后为Such is the spirit...that they have maintained...。注意此处that引导结果状语从句，而非强调句。 变式3（2026·浙江江浙皖高中发展共同体高三一模）So popular______the Yingge dance become that videos of it got millions of views online. 【答案】 has 【解析】 考查部分倒装。So+形容词（popular）位于句首时，句子需部分倒装（将助动词has提前），正常语序为the Yingge dance has become so popular...，倒装后为So popular has the Yingge dance become...。 变式4[原创题]Not only ______(have) Hanfu culture regain popularity among the younger generation in recent years, but it has also evolved into a vibrant industry that creatively integrates traditional elements with modern fashion. 【答案】has 【解析】考查部分倒装。句意：近年来，汉服文化不仅在年轻一代中重新流行起来，而且已经发展成为一个充满活力的产业，创造性地将传统元素与现代时尚相融合。当“Not only”置于句首时，其所在的分句需使用部分倒装结构，即把助动词/情态动词/be动词提前。本句时态为现在完成时（由“in recent years”提示），主语为“Hanfu culture”，故将助动词 has 提前。正常语序为：Hanfu culture has not only regained popularity...。 ◇题型 06 状语从句的省略结构分析 典｜例｜精｜析 典例【2024北京卷】And when ___16___ (ask) about his new title, he shared the secret: moderation (适度). 【16题详解】 考查状语从句的省略。句意：当被问及他的新头衔时，他分享了秘诀：适度。结合语意，when引导的时间状语从句中，主语为he，且ask与he之间是被动关系，应用被动语态be asked，状语从句中，从句主语与主句主语一致，且从句中含有be动词形式，则从句中的“主语+be动词”可以省略。故填asked。 变式1（2026·安徽部分学校高三月考）While ______ (preserve) the core tradition, Zeng Fanyu innovates boldly to develop new flavors. 【答案】 preserving 【解析】 考查状语从句的省略。空格处为现在分词作状语，相当于省略了状语从句While she is preserving...（当她保留核心传统时），主语Zeng Fanyu与preserve是主动关系，因此用现在分词preserving。 变式2（2026·广东2025-2026学年高三联考）If ______ (put off) by over three minutes, D5122 would have made Wang's attempt fail. 【答案】 put off 【解析】 考查状语从句的省略。空格处为过去分词短语作状语（虚拟语气），相当于省略了状语从句If it had been put off...（如果D5122晚点超过三分钟），主语D5122与put off是被动关系，因此用过去分词put off。 变式3[原创题]______ (ask) about the key to his team's championship win at the National Youth Robotics Competition, the coach attributed their success to persistent experimentation and teamwork. 【答案】Asked 【解析】 考查状语从句的省略。句意：当被问及他的团队在全国青年机器人大赛中夺冠的关键时，教练将成功归因于坚持不懈的实验和团队合作。When/While/If等引导的状语从句中，若从句主语与主句主语一致（此处均为“the coach”），且含有be动词，则可省略“主语 + be”。还原完整从句为：When he was asked...。主语“the coach”与动词“ask”为被动关系，故用过去分词 Asked。 变式4[原创题]Though ______ (view) as a major breakthrough in the field of generative AI, the new large language model still requires extensive testing and ethical review before widespread application. 【答案】viewed 【解析】 考查状语从句的省略。句意：尽管这新一代大语言模型被视为生成式人工智能领域的重大突破，但在广泛应用之前，仍需要进行大量测试和伦理审查。还原完整从句为：Though it is viewed as...。从句主语“it” (指代 the new large language model) 与主句主语一致，且与动词“view”构成被动关系，故省略“it is”后，应用过去分词 viewed。 17 / 18 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题06 三大从句与特殊句式--连接词逻辑与高分句式升级 目录 第一部分 考情精析 锁定靶心 高效备考 第二部分 重难考点深解 深度溯源 扫清盲区 【考点01】定语从句关系代词 which/that/who/whom 全解 【考点02】“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句 【考点03】关系副词 when/where/why 到底用不用？ 【考点04】名词性从句（主/宾/表/同）核心用法 【考点05】名词性从句连接词 that/what/whether/if 深度抉择 【考点06】状语从句常见引导词及逻辑关系匹配 【考点07】定语从句与状语从句的边界区分 【考点08】完全倒装与部分倒装（附高频倒装信号词清单） 【考点09】省略句的常见情形与判断 【考点10】There be 句型的进阶用法 第三部分 解题思维优化 典例精析+方法提炼+变式巩固 【题型01】定语从句关系词选择 【题型02】名词性从句与状语从句连接词 【题型03】主语从句与形式主语it的解题要点 【题型04】定语从句 vs 同位语从句 vs 强调句 【题型05】倒装句的识别与写作应用 【题型06】状语从句的省略结构分析 核心考向聚焦 核心价值：掌握三大从句与特殊句式的结构与用法，提升语言表达的准确性与复杂性，增强阅读理解与书面表达能力。 关键能力与思维瓶颈 关键能力： 本专题重点考查从句引导词的辨析与选用、句子结构的分析与转换、特殊句式的识别与应用。 培优瓶颈： 学生易混淆从句类型（如定语从句 vs 同位语从句）、误用连接词（如 that/what）、忽略语序与时态呼应，以及在写作中未能灵活运用高级句式。 命题前瞻与备考策略 预测： 高考将继续围绕从句引导词的选择、句子结构的辨析（如定语从句与状语从句）、特殊句式（倒装、省略、There be）的应用设题，注重在语篇中考查语法综合运用能力。 策略：系统梳理各类从句与句式的结构特点，通过对比辨析强化易混点，结合真题与变式训练提升语境判断与句式升级能力。 ◇考点 01 定语从句关系代词 which/that/who/whom 全解 1. 基本用法与指代规则 which：指代物，在从句中作主语/宾语（作宾语可省略）The book which was written by Mo Yan has been translated into 30 languages.（作主语，不可省略） The book (which) I bought yesterday is very interesting.（作宾语，可省略） that：指代人/物，在从句中作主语/宾语/表语（作宾语可省略）This is the best film that I have ever seen.（指代物，先行词被最高级修饰） He is the man that helped me yesterday.（指代人） who/whom：指代人，who作主语/宾语，whom仅作宾语（作宾语可省略）The girl who is standing there is my sister.（作主语） The professor (whom) we met yesterday will give us a lecture.（作宾语） 2. that vs which 关键区别（高考高频考点） 只能用that的情况 只能用which的情况 ①先行词被序数词/最高级修饰 ②先行词是all, everything, nothing等不定代词 ③先行词既有人又有物 ④先行词被the only, the very修饰 ①引导非限制性定语从句 ②"介词+关系代词"结构中 ③先行词是that/those时 ④引导修饰整个主句的定语从句 错误：This is the museum where we visited last week. 正确：This is the museum that/which we visited last week. （解析：visit是及物动词，需要宾语，where是关系副词不能作宾语） 【高分技巧】 在书面表达中，将简单句升级为定语从句可提升语法复杂度。如： 基础版：Our school has a library. It was built in 1980. 升级版：Our school has a library which was built in 1980.（限制性定语从句） 高级版：Our school has a library, which was built in 1980 and now has over 100,000 books.（非限制性定语从句，增加信息量） ◇考点 02 "介词＋关系代词"引导的定语从句 1. 介词选择三大依据 与先行词搭配：根据先行词的习惯搭配确定介词I still remember the day on which I joined the Party.（the day与on搭配） This is the company in which my father works.（the company与in搭配） 与从句动词搭配：根据定语从句中谓语动词的固定搭配确定介词He is the man with whom I worked closely.（work with sb. 与某人合作） This is the problem about which we talked yesterday.（talk about sth. 谈论某事） 根据句意逻辑：根据上下文语义确定介词The temperature at which water boils is 100℃.（表示"在……温度下"） He has three sons, two of whom are doctors.（表示"其中的"） 2. 高频介词搭配清单（高考必备） on which = when（具体日期/星期） in which = when（年/月/季节/世纪） by which time（到那时为止） during which（在……期间） "介词提前看搭配，动词先行和语义； 关系代词指人whom，指物which要记准； 固定搭配需牢记，高考真题常考及。" ◇考点 03 关系副词 when/where/why 到底用不用？ 1. 基本用法与判断标准 关系副词在定语从句中作状语，替代先行词在从句中表示的时间、地点或原因。判断标准：先行词在从句中是否作状语。 关系副词 用先行词类型 在从句中作 可替换结构 when 表示时间的名词（day, year, time等） 时间状语 on/in/at which where 表示地点的名词（place, city, room等） 地点状语 in/at/on which why reason 原因状语 for which 2. 易混点辨析：关系副词 vs 关系代词 ① This is the factory where my father works.（正确，work是不及物动词，从句主谓完整，缺地点状语） ② This is the factory which we visited last week.（正确，visit是及物动词，从句缺宾语） ③ I'll never forget the day when I met you.（正确，met虽及物，但已有宾语you，缺时间状语） ④ I'll never forget the day (which) we spent together.（正确，spent缺宾语） 3. 特殊先行词后的where（高考热点） 某些抽象名词后可用where引导定语从句，表示"在……方面/情况下"： case, situation, condition（情况） point, stage（阶段） activity, event（活动） position, role（位置/角色） We have reached a point where we must make a decision.（我们已到了必须做决定的阶段） He's in a situation where he has to choose between job and family.（他处于必须在工作和家庭间做选择的境地） 将先行词放入定语从句，若需要加介词才能使从句完整，则用关系副词或"介词+关系代词"；若不需要加介词直接作成分，则用关系代词。 例：I like the house. I was born in the house. → I like the house where/in which I was born.（需要加介词in，用where） ◇考点 04 名词性从句（主/宾/表/同）核心用法 1. 四大名词性从句基本结构 从句类型 位置特征 常用连接词 例句 主语从句 句首或it作形式主语后 that, whether, what, who等 What he said surprised us all. / It's clear that he will win. 宾语从句 及物动词/介词后 that(可省), if, whether, what等 I think (that) he is right. / I'm interested in what she said. 表语从句 系动词后 that, whether, what, because等 The fact is that he lied. / This is why we came late. 同位语从句 抽象名词后，解释名词内容 that, whether, how等 The news that he won excited everyone. / I have no idea whether he will come. 2. 语序规则：陈述语序（高考易错点） 所有名词性从句都必须用陈述语序（主语在前，谓语在后），即使从句表达疑问含义。 错误：I don't know what is his name.（疑问语序） 正确：I don't know what his name is.（陈述语序） 错误：Can you tell me how can I get there? 正确：Can you tell me how I can get there? 3. 时态呼应规则 主句为现在/将来时态，从句可根据实际情况用任何时态 主句为过去时态，从句通常用相应的过去时态（客观真理除外） He says he will go to Beijing tomorrow.（主句现在时，从句将来时） He said he would go to Beijing the next day.（主句过去时，从句过去将来时） The teacher told us the earth goes around the sun.（客观真理，用一般现在时） 【高分写作应用】：在书面表达中灵活运用名词性从句可提升句式复杂度。如表达观点时： 基础版：We should protect the environment. This is important. 升级版：That we should protect the environment is important.（主语从句） 高级版：It's important that we should protect the environment, which is beneficial to our health.（形式主语+非限制性定语从句） ◇考点 05 名词性从句连接词 that/what/whether/if 深度抉择 1. that vs what："无义连接"与"有义连接" 根本区别：that在从句中不充当成分，无实际意义；what在从句中充当主语/宾语/表语，有"所……的"含义。 ① That he will come is certain.（that不充当成分，无意义，引导主语从句） ② What he will say is uncertain.（what作say的宾语，表示"他所说的话"，引导主语从句） ③ The fact is that he lied.（that不充当成分，引导表语从句） ④ The fact is what we need to know.（what作know的宾语，引导表语从句） 2. whether vs if："是否"的选择困境 两者都可表示"是否"，但以下情况只能用whether： 引导主语从句（置于句首时） 引导表语从句和同位语从句 与or not直接连用 作介词宾语 后接动词不定式 Whether he will come is unknown.（主语从句，不能用if） The question is whether we should go.（表语从句，不能用if） I have no idea whether he will come or not.（同位语从句+or not，不能用if） It depends on whether he can arrive on time.（介词on后，不能用if） He doesn't know whether to stay or leave.（后接不定式，不能用if） 3. 连接代词与连接副词的选择 根据从句缺少的成分类型选择： 缺主语/宾语/表语/定语 → 用连接代词（what, who, whom, whose, which） 缺状语（时间/地点/原因/方式等） → 用连接副词（when, where, why, how） I don't know who broke the window.（缺主语，指人 → who） I don't know what he wants.（缺宾语，指物 → what） I don't know whose book this is.（缺定语 → whose） I don't know when he will come.（缺时间状语 → when） I don't know how he did it.（缺方式状语 → how） ◇考点 06 状语从句常见引导词及逻辑关系匹配 1. 九大类状语从句引导词系统梳理 从句类型 核心引导词 逻辑关系 高考频率 时间状语从句 when, while, as, before, after, since, till, until, immediately, as soon as, every time 时间先后/同时 ★★★★★ 条件状语从句 if, once, unless, in case, as/so long as, on condition that 假设条件 ★★★★☆ 原因状语从句 because, as, since, now that, seeing that, in that, considering that 因果关系 ★★★☆☆ 让步状语从句 though/although, even if/even though, while, “疑问词-ever”， “no matter＋疑问词” （尽管） 转折让步 ★★★★☆ 目的状语从句 so that, in order that, in case 目的意图 ★★★☆☆ 结果状语从句 so...that, such...that, so that 结果影响 比较状语从句 than, as...as, not so...as, the more...the more 比较关系 ★★★☆☆ 方式状语从句 as, as if/though 行为方式 ★★☆☆☆ 地点状语从句 where, wherever 地点场所 ★☆☆☆☆ 2. 高频引导词深度辨析 1） 时间状语从句 关联词或短语 意义 例句 when,while,as 当……的时候 He jumped up when the phone rang. We listened while the teacher read. The phone rang just as I was leaving. (as强调主、从句动作同时或几乎同时发生;while从句的谓语动词必须是延续性动词,不能是非延续性动词) till,until 直到 Jane completed her last novel Persuasion in 1816,but it was not published until after her death.(until要与延续性动词连用;not...until 要与非延续性动词连用) since 自从 It is two years since he joined the army.他参军两年了。 It is two years since he smoked.他戒烟两年了。 (其后所用动词不同,该动词所表示动作持续时间的计算方法也不同) the moment,the minute,the instant,the second;no sooner...than...;hardly...when...;as soon as;directly, immediately,once 一…… 就…… Tell him the news as soon as you see him. I recognized her the moment (that) I saw her. I want to see him the minute (that) he arrives. I went home directly I had finished work. Once he arrives,we can start. 2）结果状语从句 关联短语或结构 意义 例句 so that 结果 He didn’t plan his time well,so that he didn’t finish his work in time. so+形容词/副词+that从句 如此…… 以至于 …… Xiao Ming is so clever that all his teachers like him. so+形容词+a/an+单数可数名词+that从句 It is so beautiful a scenery that many people look lost in it. so+ many/much/little/few+名词+that从句 There was so little water in the jar that it was not enough for all of us. such+a/an+形容词+单数可数名词+that从句 We left in such a hurry that we forgot to lock the door. such+形容词+可数名词复数/不可数名词+that从句 They are such interesting books that I want to read them once more. 3）让步状语从句 关联词或短语 意义 例句 though,although 虽然 Although/Though small,the company has about 1,000 buyers in over 30 countries.(although和though用正常语序,可和yet连用,但不可和but连用) as 虽然 Hard as/though he works,he makes little progress.=Though he works hard,he makes little progress. (在让步状语从句中常用倒装形式,可被though替换) even if,even though 即使 Even though/if you say so,I do not believe it. no matter what,whatever,no matter who,whoever,no matter which,whichever,no matter how,however,no matter when,whenever 无论…… Whoever breaks laws will be punished.=No matter who breaks laws,he/she will be punished. (“疑问词+ever”=“no matter +疑问词”,“疑问词+ever”也可以引导名词性从句) while 尽管,虽然 While he loves his students,he is very strict with them. (一般位于句首,用于句中时,译为“然而”,表对照对比关系) whether...or not 无论(是否) Whether you believe it or not,it is true. 4）　条件状语从句引导条件状语从句的常用连接词有if, once, unless, in case, as/so long as, on condition that, supposing (that), given (that), providing/provided (that) 等。 1. if (1)若主句为将来时，if从句多用一般现在时表将来。 If it snows tomorrow, we will go skiing. (2) if possible/necessary意为“如有可能，如有必要”。 If (it is) necessary, please bring your computer here. (3) only if和 if only only if意为“只有”， 置于句首时主句的主谓要用部分倒装。if only 意为“但愿，要是……就好了”，引导的从句要用虚拟语气。 Only if you work harder can you catch up with others. If only it could be sunny tomorrow. 2. unless unless引导条件状语从句，表示“除非，否则”，可替换成if... not...。 Please don’t speak, unless you are invited. ＝Please don’t speak, if you are not invited. 5）　比较状语从句 比较状语从句一般位于句尾，常用than, as... as...， not as/so... as...等引导。 1. than前的形容词和副词用比较级形式。 It’s easier than I thought. I sing better than he does. ＝ He doesn’t sing as well as I do. 2. as... as...表示“前者与后者一样……”，not as/so... as...表示“前者不如后者……”，形容词和副词均用原级。常用于以下句型： as＋adj. /adv. ＋as as＋adj. ＋a/an＋可数名词单数＋as as＋many/few＋可数名词复数＋as as＋much/little＋不可数名词＋as I have as good a sister as you have. I’m not as considerate as so many people seem to think. They are having almost as much unemployment as we are. ◇考点 07 定语从句与状语从句的边界区分 1. 根本区别：修饰对象不同 定语从句：修饰名词或代词，相当于形容词作用 状语从句：修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，表示时间、地点、原因、条件等 2. 易混引导词深度辨析 （1）where引导的定语从句 vs 地点状语从句 类型 特点 例句 判断方法 定语从句 前面有先行词（地点名词） I visited the factory where my father works. 可还原为"in the factory"（有先行词factory） 地点状语从句 前面无先行词，直接修饰动词Where there is a will, there is a way. 不可还原为"in the where"（无先行词） （2）when引导的定语从句 vs 时间状语从句 定语从句：I still remember the day when I first met you.（前面有先行词the day） 时间状语从句：When I met him, he was reading a book.（前面无先行词，修饰整个主句） （3）as引导的定语从句 vs 状语从句 定语从句（非限制性）：As we all know, the earth is round.（as指代整个主句内容，可译为"正如"） 时间状语从句：As I was walking, I met an old friend.（译为"当……时"，主从句动作同时进行） 让步状语从句：As tired as he was, he continued working.（译为"尽管"，用于倒装结构） 三步区分法（高考解题必备） 1. 找先行词：从句前是否有被修饰的名词/代词？有 → 可能是定语从句 2. 分析功能：从句是修饰名词还是修饰动词/整个句子？修饰名词 → 定语从句 3. 替换验证：能否用"介词+关系代词"替换引导词？能 → 定语从句；不能 → 状语从句 ◇考点 08 完全倒装与部分倒装（附高频倒装信号词清单） 1. 完全倒装：主谓宾结构完全颠倒 定义：将整个谓语动词提到主语之前，主要用于强调句首的状语。 常见情形： 表示方位的副词/介词短语置于句首（up, down, in, out, here, there, on the hill, under the tree等） Out rushed the children.（孩子们冲了出去） On the top of the mountain stands a temple.（山顶上矗立着一座寺庙） there be句型（be动词可替换为live, stand, lie, exist等） There stands a tall building in front of our school.（我们学校前面有一座高楼） There lived an old man in the village.（村里住着一位老人） 2. 部分倒装：助动词/情态动词提到主语前 定义：仅将谓语的一部分（助动词、情态动词、be动词）提到主语之前，主要用于强调或构成疑问句。 倒装类型 信号词/句型 例句 否定词提前 never, hardly, scarcely, seldom, rarely Never have I seen such a beautiful place. not until... Not until he came back did I leave. no sooner...than, hardly...when No sooner had we arrived than it began to rain. in no way, by no means, at no time In no way can we give up. only+状语提前 only+副词/介词短语/状语从句 Only in this way can we solve the problem. so/such置句首 so+形容词/副词, such+名词 结构中 So fast did he run that I couldn't catch up. as/though引导让步状语从句 形容词/副词/名词+as+主语+谓语 Young as he is, he knows a lot. 3. 不倒装的特殊情况 当句首状语是here, there, up, down等，且主语是人称代词时不倒装Here he comes.（他来了）（主语是代词he，不倒装） only修饰主语时不倒装Only he can solve the problem.（只有他能解决这个问题） as引导让步状语从句时，若提前的是名词，名词前不加冠词Child as he is, he knows a lot.（尽管他是个孩子）（child前不加a） 【高频再现】高频倒装信号词清单（高考必备）： 否定类：never, hardly, scarcely, seldom, rarely, not until, no sooner, hardly when, in no way 强调类：only+状语, so...that, such...that 让步类：as, though 方位类：here, there, up, down, in, out, away, on the hill 记忆口诀："否定副词放句首，only状语在前端，so和such加that，as/though引导让步，全部都要部分倒；方位副词句首站，完全倒装记心间。" ◇考点 09 省略句的常见情形与判断 1. 状语从句的省略（高考核心考点） 条件：当状语从句的主语与主句主语一致，且从句谓语含be动词时，可省略从句的主语和be动词。 高频省略类型： 时间状语从句（when, while, as, once, until等引导）When (I was) walking in the street, I met an old friend.（省略主语I和was） While (he was) studying, he fell asleep.（省略主语he和was） 条件状语从句（if, unless等引导）If (it is) necessary, I will help you.（省略it is） Unless (you are) invited, you shouldn't go.（省略you are） 让步状语从句（though, although, even if等引导）Though (he was) tired, he continued working.（省略he was） Even if (I am) invited, I won't go.（省略I am） 方式状语从句（as if, as though引导）He talks as if (he were) a expert.（省略he were） 2. 不定式省略（保留to） 当不定式在上下文重复出现时，可省略不定式后的动词，仅保留to。 He didn't come, though he had promised to.（=to come） I want to go with you, but my mother doesn't allow me to.（=to go with you） He didn't pass the exam, but he hoped to.（=to pass the exam） 3. 其他常见省略情形 对话中的省略（省略主语、谓语等）—Where are you going? —To the library.（=I am going to the library） —Have you finished your homework? —Not yet.（=I haven't finished my homework yet） there be句型的省略（省略there be） Any news?（=Is there any news?） Nobody in the room.（=There is nobody in the room.） 独立主格结构中的省略（省略being）The meeting (being) over, we left the room.（会议结束后，我们离开了房间） 4. 省略句的判断与还原技巧 1. 找主语：判断从句主语是否与主句一致 2. 补全成分：尝试还原被省略的主语和be动词 3. 验证逻辑：还原后句子是否通顺，逻辑是否合理 真题分析（2023年全国卷短文改错） 原句：While walked in the park, I saw a bird.（错误） 分析：while引导的时间状语从句，主语I与主句主语一致，从句应省略I was，保留walking → 改为While walking in the park, I saw a bird. ① 当从句主语与主句主语不一致时，不可省略主语和be动词 错误：While walking in the park, a bird was seen.（主语不一致，应改为While I was walking in the park, I saw a bird.） ② 感官动词和使役动词后的不定式省略to（see, hear, make, let等） 例：I saw him enter the room.（不是to enter） 但被动语态中to要还原：He was seen to enter the room. ◇考点 10 There be 句型的进阶用法 1. 基本结构与主谓一致 基本结构：There be + 主语 + 地点状语（表示"某地有某物"） 主谓一致规则：be动词的单复数形式由最靠近be的主语决定（就近原则） There is a book and two pens on the desk.（靠近be的主语a book是单数，用is） There are two pens and a book on the desk.（靠近be的主语two pens是复数，用are） There is a lot of water in the bottle.（不可数名词，用is） There are many students in the classroom.（可数名词复数，用are） 2. be动词的灵活替换（高级表达） 为避免单调，be动词可替换为表示"存在、发生、出现"的动词： 表示存在：live, exist, lie, stand, remain There lives an old man in the village.（村里住着一位老人） There stands a tall building on the hill.（山上矗立着一座高楼） There lies a river between the two villages.（两村之间有一条河） 表示发生/出现：happen, occur, appear, seem, come, go There happened an accident yesterday.（昨天发生了一场事故） There appears to be a mistake in the report.（报告中似乎有个错误） There came a knock at the door.（传来一阵敲门声） 3. 时态变化与非谓语形式 （1）时态变化 一般现在时：There is a meeting every Monday.（每周一有会议） 一般过去时：There was a football match yesterday.（昨天有场足球赛） 一般将来时：There will be / There is going to be a party tomorrow.（明天有个派对） 现在完成时：There has been great changes in our city.（我们城市发生了巨大变化） 过去完成时：There had been no rain for three months.（已经三个月没下雨了） （2）非谓语形式 不定式：there to be（作主语、宾语、表语）It's impossible for there to be another earthquake.（不可能再发生地震了） We expect there to be a good result.（我们期望有个好结果） 动名词：there being（作主语、宾语、介词宾语）There being no bus, we had to walk home.（没有公交车，我们只好步行回家） He talked about there being a possibility of rain.（他谈到有可能下雨） There be与have的区别 There be 无生命主语，不能用于所属关系 表示"某地存在某物" There is a book on the desk. have/has 有生命主语， 强调所属关系，表示"某人拥有某物" I have a book. 【高频再现】 高分写作应用：在书面表达中，灵活运用There be句型的变体可提升表达多样性。如： 基础版：Our school has a beautiful garden. Many flowers are in it. 升级版：There lies a beautiful garden in our school, with many kinds of flowers blooming all year round.（there lies + with复合结构，更生动形象） 高级版：There is no denying that a good environment is beneficial to our health.（There is no denying that... 固定句型，表示"不可否认……"） ◇题型 01 定语从句关系词选择 典｜例｜精｜析 典例1（2025年全国一卷）An exhibition at the Jiushi Art Museum in Shanghai is featuring artwork inspired by Go, or weiqi in Chinese, ____56____ originated in China more than 4,000 years ago. 典例2（2025年全国二卷）I was born and raised in Cleveland, Ohio in the United States. Yet now, I live in the countryside of Zhejiang, China with my Chinese husband and his family, ____36____ bamboo and tea bushes (灌木) grow wild in the mountains, chickens are always free-range, and ____37central____ (center) heating doesn’t exist. 变｜式｜巩｜固 变式1（2026·江苏盐城四校高三质量检测）The Dragon Boat Festival,______honors the patriotic poet Qu Yuan, is another notable event. 变式2（2026·湖北十堰云学名校联盟高三月考）This term,______original meaning was "taking a break", has evolved to indicate the end of the hot summer. 变式3（2026·河北定州中学高三期中）For students considering future careers in technology, humanoid robotics represents one of the most exciting and promising fields______may transform industries and daily life. 变式4[原创题]The Chinese traditional solar term "Winter Solstice" (冬至)，______ marks the shortest day of the year, is often regarded as an important time for family reunions and enjoying tangyuan or dumplings in different regions of China. ◇题型 02 名词性从句与状语从句连接词 典｜例｜精｜析 典例1【2024全国甲卷】How did the national park system come about? On a cool, starry night in mid-September 1870, four men relaxed before a campfire along the Firehole River in ____43____ is now northwestern Wyoming. 典例2【2022年北京卷】 It’s easy to explain how we determine ____15____ smells are dangerous or not: we learn. 典例3【2022年天津卷第二次】________ we achieve great success in our work, we should not be too proud. A. Ever since B. Even if C. In case D. As though 变｜式｜巩｜固 变式1（2026·重庆南开中学高三期中）Researchers had long sought to explain______Liangzhu was abandoned, and the discovery of clay suggested a connection between floods and the civilization's end. 变式2（2026·广东执信中学高三联合调研）Kern argued that studying ancient China or Greece separately limits the ability to understand______makes each culture distinct. 变式3(2026·河南省郑州市十校联考高二期中) Since the beginning of this year, Chinese tech giants like Xiaomi and Huawei, well aware of the opportunities, have joined forces with automotive leaders including Tesla and Toyota in ______ has become an international race to advance this technology. 变式4[原创题]The rapid development of 5G technology has fundamentally changed ______ we communicate, work, and access information, making the world more connected than ever before. ◇题型 03 主语从句与形式主语it的解题要点 典｜例｜精｜析 典例1【2021.6新高考1卷】Going to Mount Huangshan reminds me of the popular Beatle's song "The Long and Winding Road".             is so breathtaking about the experience is the out-of-this-world scenes. 典例2【2018年浙江卷6月】 Many westerners who/that 57 come to China cook much less than in their own countries once they realize how cheap 58 can be to eat out. ... 变式1（2026·湖北鄂东南教育联盟高三期中）______scientists pointing to global warming as a major role in heat waves has caused alarm across Europe. 变式2（2026·辽宁名校联盟高三期中）______first fascinated him were the exquisite costumes and melodic singing of Peking Opera. 变式3（2026·江苏扬州大学附中高三阶段检测）______is clear is that several aspects of the Sanxingdui story remain surrounded by mystery. 变式4[原创题]______ makes the 2025 “Artificial Intelligence Plus” initiative particularly groundbreaking is its focus on integrating AI with traditional industries to foster entirely new models of economic growth. 变式5[原创题]With the college entrance examination approaching, ______ is essential for students to maintain a regular sleep schedule and avoid staying up too late, as adequate rest significantly improves concentration and memory retention. ◇题型 04 定语从句 vs 同位语从句 vs 强调句 典｜例｜精｜析 典例1（2025年北京卷） However, according to a report by the World Wildlife Fund, tourists ____18left ____ (leave) over 1.3 billion tons of food waste last year, ____19____ accounted for about 8% of the total global gas release in 2024. To reduce our impact, we can take simple steps: empty the fridge before heading out, and choose sustainable dining options. 典例2（2025年1月浙江卷）Tanya is also looking beyond special-occasion dresses to less formal clothing, ____63____ she plans to package as capsule wardrobes and offer to travellers, such as those headed to weddings abroad, with a longer-term rental period. “I really want to make this work for ____64____ (people) lives today, and I know that doesn’t always mean _____65_____ (return) a dress on the Monday after a special weekend,” she says. 典例3【2024新课标Ⅰ卷】Glasshouse stands ___as__ a great achievement in contemporary design, to house the plants of the southwestern part of China at the end of a path retracing (追溯) the steps along the Silk Route ____64____ brought the plants from their native habitat in Asia to come to define much of the ___richness___ (rich) of gardening in England. 典例4【2024全国甲卷】Yellowstone was the _largest__（large）United States national park—2.2 million acres—until Wrangell-Saint Elias in southern Alaska, _____50_____ became a national monument in 1978, took the honors as a national park in 1980 with 12.3 million acres. 典例5【2019年全国卷 Ⅰ】While they are rare north of 88°,there is evidence ___61___ they range all the way across the Arctic, and as far south as James Bay in Canada.典例6【2018年天津卷】 It was only when the car pulled up in front of our house ___________we saw Lily in the passenger seat. A. which B. that C. when D. where 变式1（2026·安徽江南十校高三检测）It is a fact______China's high-speed railway system made Wang's 24-hour journey possible. 变式2（2026·重庆一中高三月考）It is the perfect mix of loyalty to heritage______keeps Yongchuan fermented black beans fragrant through generations. 变式3（2026·四川绵阳高三诊断）The belief______the Siyin Miao embroidered seals on clothes as a signal has been passed down. 变式4[原创题] China’s remarkable achievements in space exploration, ______ were highlighted by the successful return of the Chang'e-6 lunar probe, have inspired a new generation of young scientists across the country. 变式5[原创题] The widespread conviction ______ continuous effort is the key to overcoming difficulties provides students with great mental strength during the intense college entrance examination preparation. ◇题型 05 倒装句的识别与写作应用 典｜例｜精｜析 典例1（2026·河南南阳部分高中高三期中）Not until Silk Road Week 2025 opened______people realize the value of cultural exchange through artifacts. 典例2（2026·湖北十堰云学联盟高三月考）Only when the water level is extremely low______the wrecks of German ships emerge from the Danube River. 变式1（2026·山东德州高三月考）Not only______Labubu dolls appear on everyone's lips, but they also boost Pop Mart's shares by 180%. 变式2（2026·福建厦门外国语学校高三月考）Such is the spirit of the Minnan people______they have maintained their traditions for centuries. 变式3（2026·浙江江浙皖高中发展共同体高三一模）So popular______the Yingge dance become that videos of it got millions of views online. 变式4[原创题]Not only ______(have) Hanfu culture regain popularity among the younger generation in recent years, but it has also evolved into a vibrant industry that creatively integrates traditional elements with modern fashion. ◇题型 06 状语从句的省略结构分析 典｜例｜精｜析 典例【2024北京卷】And when ___16___ (ask) about his new title, he shared the secret: moderation (适度). 变式1（2026·安徽部分学校高三月考）While ______ (preserve) the core tradition, Zeng Fanyu innovates boldly to develop new flavors. 变式2（2026·广东2025-2026学年高三联考）If ______ (put off) by over three minutes, D5122 would have made Wang's attempt fail. 变式3[原创题]______ (ask) about the key to his team's championship win at the National Youth Robotics Competition, the coach attributed their success to persistent experimentation and teamwork. 变式4[原创题]Though ______ (view) as a major breakthrough in the field of generative AI, the new large language model still requires extensive testing and ethical review before widespread application. 17 / 18 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $