be动词，助动词do、does（讲义）-2025-2026学年人教PEP版（2012）英语六年级下册

小学英语一般现在时be动词、助动词do/does用法专练 be动词的用法（am, is, are） be动词是“是”的意思，它的形式会根据主语的人称和数发生变化，我们可以总结为“我用am，你用are，is连着他、她、它；单数名词用is，复数名词全用are”。 1. be动词的三种形式及搭配 be动词形式 搭配的主语 例句 am I（我） I am a student.（我是一名学生。）I am happy today.（我今天很开心。） is he（他）、she（她）、it（它）；单数名词（如a cat, the book） He is a teacher.（他是一名老师。）She is 10 years old.（她10岁了。）It is a dog.（它是一只狗。）The apple is red.（苹果是红色的。） are you（你/你们）、we（我们）、they（他们/她们/它们）；复数名词（如cats, books） You are my friend.（你是我的朋友。）We are in Class 1.（我们在一班。）They are students.（他们是学生。）The flowers are beautiful.（花很漂亮。） 2. be动词的否定句：在be动词后加not 结构：主语 + be + not + 其他 · 例：I am not a doctor.（我不是医生。） · He is not tall.（他不高。）= He isn't tall.（缩写形式） · They are not cats.（它们不是猫。）= They aren't cats.（缩写形式） 3. be动词的一般疑问句：把be动词提到主语前，句尾加问号 结构：Be + 主语 + 其他？ （肯定回答：Yes, 主语 + be. 否定回答：No, 主语 + be + not.） · 例：Are you a student?（你是学生吗？）Yes, I am.（是的，我是。）/ No, I am not.（不，我不是。） Is she your sister?（她是你妹妹吗？）Yes, she is.（是的，她是。）/ No, she isn't.（不，她不是。） Are these books yours?（这些书是你的吗？）Yes, they are.（是的，它们是。）/ No, they aren't.（不，它们不是。） · 三、助动词do/does的用法 当句子中出现“吃、喝、玩、学、跑”等实义动词（有实际意义的动词）时，我们需要用助动词do/does来构成否定句和疑问句，它们本身没有实际意义，不能单独作谓语。 1. do/does的搭配规则 “主语是第三人称单数时用does，其余情况全用do” 助动词形式 搭配的主语 例句（肯定句，无助动词，实义动词原形/三单） do I、you、we、they；复数名词（如cats, students） I eat breakfast at 7.（我7点吃早餐。）You play football after school.（你放学后踢足球。）They read books every day.（他们每天看书。） does he、she、it；单数名词（如a boy, the bird） He plays basketball.（他打篮球。）She reads English in the morning.（她早上读英语。）It eats fish.（它吃鱼。）The dog runs fast.（狗跑得很快。） 重点提醒：主语是第三人称单数时，肯定句中的实义动词要加“s”或“es”（如play→plays, watch→watches），但在否定句和疑问句中，加了does后，实义动词要变回原形！ 2. 助动词do/does的否定句：主语 + do/does + not + 实义动词原形 + 其他 · 例：I do not like apples.（我不喜欢苹果。）= I don't like apples.（缩写） · He does not play football.（他不踢足球。）= He doesn't play football.（缩写，play变回原形） · They don't watch TV in the evening.（他们晚上不看电视。） · 3. 助动词do/does的一般疑问句：Do/Does + 主语 + 实义动词原形 + 其他？ 肯定回答：Yes, 主语 + do/does. 否定回答：No, 主语 + do/does + not. 例：Do you like bananas?（你喜欢香蕉吗？）Yes, I do.（是的，我喜欢。）/ No, I don't.（不，我不喜欢。） Does she go to school by bus?（她坐公交车上学吗？）Yes, she does.（是的，她坐。）/ No, she doesn't.（不，她不坐。） Do they study Chinese?（他们学语文吗？）Yes, they do.（是的，他们学。）/ No, they don't.（不，他们不学。） · 四、be动词和助动词do/does的区别 判断依据 用be动词 用助动词do/does 句子中有无实义动词 无实义动词，句子表“是/存在”的状态 有实义动词（如eat, play, read, run） 例句 She is a girl.（她是一个女孩。） She likes girls.（她喜欢女孩。）（like是实义动词） 第二部分：配套习题 一、基础题：选择be动词am, is, are填空（10分） 1. I ______ a pupil.（我是一名小学生。） 2. He ______ my brother.（他是我的弟弟。） 3. These ______ red pens.（这些是红色的钢笔。） 4. The sky ______ blue.（天空是蓝色的。） 5. We ______ in the same school.（我们在同一所学校。） 6. You ______ a good singer.（你是一名好歌手。） 7. She ______ not 8 years old.（她不是8岁。） 8. ______ it a dog?（它是一只狗吗？） 9. They ______ not teachers.（他们不是老师。） 10. ______ you from Beijing?（你来自北京吗？） 二、基础题：用do或does填空，完成否定句和疑问句（15分） （一）改为否定句 1. I like pears. → I ______ ______ like pears. 2. He plays football. → He ______ ______ play football. 3. They watch TV every day. → They ______ ______ watch TV every day. 4. She reads books in the library. → She ______ ______ read books in the library. 5. We go to school on Monday. → We ______ ______ go to school on Monday. （二）改为一般疑问句并作肯定/否定回答 1.You eat rice for lunch. ______ you ______ rice for lunch? Yes, ______ ______. / No, ______ ______. 2.He walks to school. ______ he ______ to school? Yes, ______ ______. / No, ______ ______. 3.They play basketball after school. ______ they ______ basketball after school? Yes, ______ ______. / No, ______ ______. 4. She sings well. ______ she ______ well? Yes, ______ ______. / No, ______ ______. 5.It drinks milk. ______ it ______ milk? Yes, ______ ______. / No, ______ ______. 三、提高题：选择正确的选项（15分） ( )1.______ your mother a nurse? A. Am B. Is C. Are D. Do ( )2.They ______ not live in Shanghai. A. am B. is C. are D. do ( )3.______ you like swimming? A. Am B. Is C. Are D. Do ( )4.He ______ a student. He ______ go to school by bike. A. is; do B. is; does C. are; do D. are; does ( )5.— ______ the cat black? — No, it ______. A. Is; isn't B. Are; aren't C. Do; don't D. Does; doesn't ( )6.— ______ she play the piano? — Yes, she ______. A. Is; is B. Are; are C. Do; do D. Does; does ( )7.I ______ not ______ in Class 2. A. do; am B. am; be C. am; is D. am; be ( )8.The birds ______ in the tree. They ______ sing loudly. A. are; do B. is; does C. are; does D. is; do ( )9.— ______ they have a dog? — No, they ______. A. Is; isn't B. Are; aren't C. Do; don't D. Does; doesn't ( )10.She ______ not ______ apples. A. do; like B. does; like C. do; likes D. does; likes ( )11.— Who ______ your friend? — Tom ______. A. is; is B. are; are C. do; do D. does; does ( )12.We ______ students. We ______ study hard. A. are; do B. is; does C. are; does D. is; do ( )13.— ______ it a bird? — Yes, it ______. And it ______ fly. A. Is; is; can B. Are; are; can C. Do; do; can D. Does; does; can ( )14.He ______ not tall. He ______ short. A. do; is B. does; is C. is; is D. are; are ( )15.— ______ you go to the park on Sunday? — Yes, I ______. A. Is; is B. Are; are C. Do; do D. Does; does 四、拓展题：根据中文提示完成句子（10分） 1. 我是一名少先队员。 I ______ a Young Pioneer. 2. 他不喜欢吃面条。 He ______ ______ noodles. 3. 这些花很漂亮吗？ ______ these flowers ______? 4. 我们每天都做家庭作业。We ______ ______ homework every day. 5. 她是你的英语老师吗？ ______ she ______ English teacher? 6. 这只猫不喝牛奶。 This cat ______ ______ milk. 7. 他们在教室里吗？______ ______ in the classroom? 8. 汤姆每天步行上学吗？______ Tom ______ to school every day? 9. 我不是来自上海。 I ______ ______ from Shanghai. 10. 我的父母喜欢看电影。My parents ______ ______ movies. 参考答案 一、基础题：选择be动词am, is, are填空 1.am 2. is 3. are 4. is 5. are 6. are 7. is 8. Is 9. are 10. Are 二、基础题：用do或does填空 （一）改为否定句 1.do not 2. does not 3. do not 4. does not 5. do not （二）改为一般疑问句并作肯定/否定回答 1.Do; eat; I do; I don't 2. Does; walk; he does; he doesn't 3. Do; play; they do; they don't 4. Does; sing; she does; she doesn't 5. Does; drink; it does; it doesn't 三、提高题：选择正确的选项 1.B 2. D 3. D 4. B 5. A 6. D 7. B 8. A 9. C 10. B 11. A 12. A 13. A 14. C 15. C 四、拓展题：根据中文提示完成句子 1.am 2. doesn't like 3. Are; beautiful 4. do our 5. Is; your 6. doesn't drink 7. Are they 8. Does; walk 9. am not 10. like watching 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $