被动语态轻松上手-【中职专用】语法专项突破课件

被动语态轻松上手 语法 中职英语 1 CONTENTS 01 语态双形含义 02 结构三步变身 03 动词形态表 04 九时态主被动对照 05 四大特例警告 06 总结与检测 2 语态双形含义 01 3 Lead in Can I have a potato, mummy pig? They aren't cooked yet, daddy pig. There ,the painting is finished. Daddy’s painting isn't spoiled (破坏)peppa. It's perfect. When George goes to bed, Mr. Dinosaur is tucked up（一起睡） with him. I know ! To cure hiccupps（打嗝） the ill piggy must be given a shock. 4 主动被动同句对照 语态定义 语态表示主语和动词之间的关系，分为两种形式：主动语态和被动语态。 主动语态强调动作的执行者，被动语态强调动作的承受者。 主动语态示例 例如：We planted the tree.（我们种树。）这里主语we是动作plant的执行者。 被动语态示例 例如：The tree is planted by us.（树被我们种。）这里主语tree是动作planted的承受者。 对比总结 主动语态强调谁做，被动语态强调谁被做或什么被做。 5 结构三步变身 02 6 主动变被动黄金律 第一步：找受动者 将原句中的宾语提到句首作为被动语态的主语。 例如：The teacher explains the lesson. → The lesson is explained by the teacher. 第二步：加be动词 根据原句的时态选择合适的be动词。例如：一般现在时用is/are，一般过去时用was/were。 第三步：变过去分词 将原句的动词变为过去分词形式，并在需要时加上by+施动者。例如：The workers build the bridge. → The bridge is built by the workers. 结构：be+动词过去分词+(by)... 7 动词形态表 03 8 02 01 04 02 03 规则与不规则速查 规则变化一 一般情况下，直接在动词原形后加ed fail-failed，look-looked, jump-jumped, work-worked, kill-lilled 规则变化二 以e结尾时，直接加d like—liked, use-used, close-closed, dance-danced, save-saved 规则变化三 以辅音字母+y结尾时，变y为i再加ed carry—carried, study → studied, try → tried, worry → worried 规则变化四 以重读闭音结尾（辅元辅），双写辅音字母后加ed plan → planned, prefer → preferred, regret → regretted, drop → dropprd 9 02 01 04 02 03 动词过去式过去分词速测 teach (教) _______ _______ 2.think (想，思考) _______ ______ 3.build (建造) _______ _______ 4.feel (感觉) _______ _______ 5.keep (保持) _______ _______ 6.mean (意思是) _______ _______ 7.catch (抓住) _______ _______ 8.pay (支付) _______ _______ 9.find (找到) _______ _______ 10.wear (穿) _______ _______ 11.lose (丢失) _______ _______ 12.stand (站立) _______ _______ 13.spend (花费) _______ _______ 14.understand (理解) _______ _______ 15.bring (带来) _______ _______ 答案 taught, taught thought, thought built, built felt, felt kept, kept meant, meant caught, caught paid, paid found, found wore, worn lost, lost stood, stood spent, spent understood, understood brought, brought 10 时态主被动对照 04 11 一般时被动 一般现在时 主动：do/dose 被动：am/is/are + done The factory makes chips. Chips are made. 一般将来时 主动：did 被动：was/were +done The factory made chips. Chips were made. 一般过去时 主动：shall/will+动词原形 被动：shall/will+be+ done The factory will make chips. Chips will be made. 12 进行时被动 现在进行时 主动：am/is/are + doing 被动：am/is/are being+ done Xiong Da is eating a big hamburger. A big hamburger is being eaten by Xiong Da. 过去进行时 主动：was/were + doing 被动：was/were being + done The engineerwas operating a smart robot. A smart robot was being operated by the engineer. 13 完成时被动 现在完成时 过去完成时 主动：have/has+ done 被动：have/has+ been done Xiaomi has just released a new phone. A new phone has just been released by Xiaomi. 主动：had done 被动：had been done Director Guo Fan had already finishedThe Wandering Earth 3. The Wandering Earth 3 had already been finished (by director Guo Fan). 14 四大特例警告 05 15 被动还原to 规则 在主动语态中，make/let/see/hear/watch/notice等词，其后跟省略to的动词不定式，在变为被动语态时，必须还原to。 例子 The coach made Su Bingtian run. → Su Bingtian was made to run. We heard a bird sing the song. → The bird was heard to sing the song. 16 主动表被动 规则 主语是物，谓语是表示主语特征或属性的不及物动词。常见的有write，read, waer, wash, sell, run, clean等。这些动词常与副词smoothly, easily, well, badly等连用。 例子 The novel sells well. The machine runs well. The pen writes quite smoothly. 例子 17 need doing系列 need+doing=need to be done The car needs repairing. = The car needs to be repaired. 规则 need, want, require, deserve等动词后面可以用动名词的主动形式表示被动含义。 18 无被动系列 不及物动词 happen，last, open, close, stop等动词无被动。 例如：The concert happened last night. 不可写成was happened。 例如：The new park opens to the public tomorrow. 不可写成is opened 短语 take place, run out, break out等短语无被动。 例如：A fire broke out in the old building. 不可写成was broken out 系动词 be/seem/appear/become等系动词无被动。 例如：The soup smells good. 不可写成is smelt 19 总结与检测 06 20 自主回忆与总结 被 动 语 态 语态 _______ _______ 结构 _______ 不同时态的被动语态 动词变化规则 规则变化： 不规则变化 四大特例 _______ _______ _______ _______ 21 被动语态思维导图 被 动 语 态 语态 主动语态 被动语态 结构 be+动词过去分词+(by)... 不同时态的被动语态 动词变化规则 规则变化：直接加ed；以e结尾加d；辅y变i加ed；以重读闭音结尾（辅元辅），双写辅音字母后加ed 不规则变化 四大特例 am, is, are+done; was, were+done; will be done am/is/are being + done; was/were being + done have/has been + done; had been + done 被动还原to 主动表被动 无被动系列 need doing系列 make/let/see/hear/watch/notice write，read, waer, wash, sell, run, clean need+doing=need to be done happen，last, open, close, stop, take place... 主动语态强调动作的执行者 被动语态强调动作的承受者。 22 选择题闯关 1. The new song ______ by a famous singer last week. A. releases B. is released C. was release D. released 2. Look! The new library ______ in our town. A. is being built B. is building C. has built D. was built 3. My computer doesn't work. It ______ soon. A. needs repair B. needs repairing C. need to repair D. need repairing 4. The little boy was made ______ for two hours because he was late. A. stand B. standing C. to stand D. stood 5. This kind of electric car ______ very well because it's eco-friendly. A. is sold B. sells C. sold D. was sold 23 选择题闯关 6. By the time we arrived, all the tickets for the concert ______. A. have been sold out B. had sold out C. had been sold out D. were sold out 7. Which of the following sentences is in the passive voice? A. She looks very happy today. B. They have finished their project. C. The room is cleaned every day. D. The train arrived on time. 8. The story ______ in a small village many years ago. A. was happened B. happened C. is happened D. has happened 9. — Can I use your phone? — Sorry, it ______ now. A. is repairing B. is repaired C. is being repaired D. has repaired 10. He was seen ______ into the classroom with our teacher. A. go B. to go C. going D. went 24 答案与解析 1. 答案: C 解析: 时间状语 "last week" 表明句子是一般过去时。主语 "song" 是动作的承受者，所以要用一般过去时的被动语态结构：was/were + 过去分词。"song" 是单数，故选 C。 2. 答案: A 解析: 句首 "Look!" 表明动作正在发生。主语 "library" 是动作的承受者，所以要用现在进行时的被动语态结构：am/is/are + being + 过去分词。故选 A。 3. 答案: B 解析: 本题考查 "need doing" 表示被动含义的用法。"need repairing" 相当于 "need to be repaired"，表示“需要被修理”。主语 "It" 是第三人称单数，故动词 "need" 要加 "s"。因此 B 是正确答案。 4. 答案: C 解析: 本题考查“被动还原to”的用法。在主动语态中为 "make sb. do sth."，但在被动语态中，不定式符号 "to" 必须还原，结构为 "be made to do sth."。故选 C。 5.答案: B 解析: 本题考查“主动表被动”。当动词如 "sell", "read", "wash" 等与副词 "well", "easily" 连用时，常用主动形式表示被动含义。"This kind of car" 是单数，动词用 "sells"。故选 B。 25 答案与解析 6. 答案: C 解析: 主句动作 "票售罄" 发生在 "我们到达" 这个过去的动作之前，是“过去的过去”，所以要用过去完成时。主语 "tickets" 是动作的承受者，故用过去完成时的被动语态：had been + 过去分词。故选 C。 7. 答案: C 解析: A 句中的 "look" 是系动词，没有被动语态。B 和 D 都是主动语态。只有 C 句的结构是 "be + 过去分词"，是一般现在时的被动语态。 8. 答案: B 解析: 本题考查“不及物动词无被动语态”。"happen" 是不及物动词，没有被动语态。根据时间状语 "many years ago"，应用一般过去时。故选 B。 9. 答案: C 解析: 根据上下文“现在不能用”和“sorry”，可推断手机“正在被修理”。主语 "it" 是动作的承受者，应用现在进行时的被动语态：is being repaired。故选 C。 10. 答案: B 解析: 本题考查“被动还原to”。在主动语态中为 "see sb. do sth."，但在被动语态中，结构变为 "sb. be seen to do sth."，必须还原 "to"。故选 B。 26 感谢观看 27 $