内容正文:
基数词&序数词
《英语 基础模块1》(语文版2022版)
Unit 6 Table Manners语法
导
入
目
录
一、基数词
二、基数词的用法
三、序数词
四、序数词的用法
五、巩固练习
数词
数词
基数词
序数词
基数词表示数目的多少
序数词表示顺序或等级
表示数目多少或顺序先后的词叫数词,数词分为基数词和序数词。
基数词
(1)1~12单独记忆
1
one
2
two
3
three
4
four
5
five
6
six
7
seven
8
eight
9
nine
10
ten
11
eleven
12
twelve
基数词
(2)13~19的数字以-teen结尾
13
thirteen
14
fourteen
15
fifteen
16
sixteen
17
seventeen
18
eighteen
19
nineteen
基数词
(3)20~90等整十基数词以-ty结尾
20
twenty
30
thirty
40
forty
50
fifty
60
sixty
70
seventy
80
eighty
90
ninety
基数词
88
eighty-eight
99
ninety-nine
(4)21~99之间非整十基数词是在十位数和个位数之间加连字符
22
twenty-two
33
thirty-three
44
forty-four
55
fifty-five
66
sixty-six
77
seventy-seven
基数词
(5)101~999:基数词+hundred+and+整十位数+连字符+个位数
108
one hundred and eight
256
two hundred and fifty-six
908
nine hundred and eight
基数词
(6)1,000以上的基数词:英语用千、百万等单位计数,大数字从右向左数,每隔三位加一个逗号。从右开始,第一个逗号处读thousand(千),第二个逗号处读million(百万),第三个逗号处读billion(十亿)
12,345
twelve thousand,three hundred and forty-five
1,001
one thousand and one
1,813
one thousand,eight hundred and thirteen
1,234,567
one million,two hundred and thirty-four thousand,five hundred and sixty-seven
thousand
million
基数词
口诀
基数词很容易,1~12词各异。
13至19,以-teen结尾不要丢。
20至90,整十后面有-ty。
几十几,也容易,先说几十再说几,中间短杠“-”加上去。
hundred是一百,百内数字记心怀。
几百几,挺容易,先说几百再说几,中间and 加上去。
thousand是一千,千内数字记心间。
基数词的用法
一、分数、小数、百分数和倍数的表示法
1. 分数表示法:分子用基数词,分母用序数词;分子大1时,分母变复数形式;分子与分母之间可以加连字符也可以不加
a third/one third
four fifths/four-fifths
2. 百分数:基数词+percent(%)
twenty-five percent 25%
fifty-two percent 52%
3. 小数:基数词+point(.)+基数词
three point six two 3.62
one point five 1.5
基数词的用法
易错警示:
“分数/百分数+of+名词”作主语时,谓语动词的单复数形式由of后面的名词的单复数决定。
As we ll know, 71%of the surface of the earth is covered with water.
基数词的用法
一、分数、小数、百分数和倍数的表示法
4. 倍数
倍数为1,用once;倍数为2, 用twice/ double;
倍数≥3, 用 “基数词+times”
倍数+比较级+than..
倍数+the size/weight/height/depth width/ length /age of...
倍数+as...as..
once 1倍; five times 5倍
three times 3倍
China is almost five times the size of Mexico in area.
I am twice older than you.
This school is four times as big as that one.
基数词的用法
二、表示时刻
1. 几点整:小时(基数词)(+o’clock)
eight o’clock 8点钟
2. 差几分到几点:
分钟数>30时,用“60-钟”+to+“小时+1”
twenty to eight 7点40分
3. 几点过几分:
分钟数≤30时,用“分钟+ past+小时”
ten past nine9点10分
4. 半小时: half
half past six 六点半
5. 一刻钟(15分钟): quarter
①a quarter to six5点45分
② a quarter past three3点15分
基数词的用法
三、表示年龄
1. 表示“具体年龄”
基数词+year(s)+old
nine years old 9岁
Fifteen years old 15岁
at the age of+基数词
at the age of four在4岁时
At the age of sixteen 在16岁时
冠词+基数-year-old +可数名词单数
an eight-year- old boy一个8岁的男孩
a nine-year-old girl 一个九岁的女孩
基数词的用法
三、表示年龄
2. 表示“大概年龄”
in+one’s+整十基数词的复数形式
in his thirties 在他三十多岁时
in her fifties 在她五十多岁时
3. 表示“几岁生日”
the/形容词性物主代词+序数词+ birthday
her ninth birthday 她的九岁生日
His eighteenth birthday 他的十八岁生日
基数词的用法
四、表示年、月、日、世纪、年代
1. 年、月、日
“年”用基数词,“日”用序数词
(美:月/日/年; 英:日/月/年)
2024年1月11日:
美:January 11st,2024
英:11st January,2024
2. 世纪
the+序数词+century
20世纪:the twentieth century
3. 年代
the+整十年份+s/’s
20世纪90年代:the 1990s/1990’s
基数词的用法
五、hundred、thousand、million等的用法
1. 表示确切的数字
表示确切的数字基数词+hundred/ thousand/...+可数名词复数
four hundred cars四百辆汽车
three thousand people三千人
2. 表示概数
hundreds/thousands/...+of+可数名词复数
hundreds of new tall buildings(数以百计的新高楼)
thousands of students(数以千计的学生)
序数词
(1)1~3:形式不同,需要单独记忆
one
first(1st)
two
second(2nd)
three
third(3rd)
序数词
(2)4~19:由相应的基数词变形后加-th构成
four
fourth(4th)
five
fifth(5th)
nine
ninth(9th)
eight
eighth(8th)
twelve
twelfth(12th)
sixteen
sixteenth(16th)
序数词
(3)20~90中整十的序数词: 由相应的基数词词尾-y变为i,再加-eth
twenty
twentieth(20th)
thirty
thirtieth(30th)
forty
fortieth(40th)
fifty
fiftieth(50th)
sixty
sixtieth(60th)
seventy
seventieth(70th)
eighty
eightieth(80th)
ninety
ninetieth(90th)
序数词
(4)21~99中非整十的序数词:只将个位数变为序数词,十位数不变,中间用连字符连接
twenty-one
twenty-first(21st)
thirty-two
thirty-second(32th)
fifty-eight
fifty-eighth(58th)
fifty-nine
fifty-ninth(59th)
eighty-nine
eighty-ninth(89th)
ninety-nine
ninety-ninth(99th)
序数词
millionth
(5)百、千、百万、十亿、万亿:均在其后加-th
hundred
hundredth
thousand
thousandth
million
序数词
口诀
基变序,很容易, 结尾加上-th。
一二三,特殊记, 结尾各是t,d,d 。
八去t,九去e, ve 要用f 替。
整十变化需注意,去掉y加-ieth。
若想表示第几十几,只变个位就可以。
序数词的用法
一、用来表示事物的顺序
the second lesson 第二课
the third day 第三天
序数词前一般要加上 the
序数词的用法
二、序数词前面可以加上不定冠词 a, an,表示 “又一,再一”
eg. We have tried it three times. But we'll try it a fourth time.
三、用序数词表示日期,前面可加 the,也可以省略
eg. 5 月 4 日:May (the) fourth / (the) fourth of May
序数词的用法
四、在形容词最高级前面可以使用序数词,表示“第几最……”
eg. The Yellow River is the second longest river in China.
五、序数词在句中可作定语、宾语、表语
eg. Our first plan is better than the second. (作定语)
eg. He chose the second.(作宾语)
eg. she is the third in our class.(作表语)
let’s play
快速说出是基数词还是序数词。
one
seventh
nine
three
first
second
巩固练习
一、根据中英文提示填入正确的单词
1. .Lucy’s new house is expensive. It costs over five ________(百万) yuan.
2. The coffee shop sells___________(thousand) of cups of coffee every day.
3. The factory produces (生产) five _________ (hundred) computers.
4. Two _________(three) of the water in the river is polluted.
5. Snoopy, a cute dog, celebrated his _________ (sixty) birthday in 2010.
thousands
hundred
thirds
sixtieth
million
巩固练习
二、选择题
1. There are ______ people shopping in the new supermarket, because the things in it are on sale.
A.five hundreds B.five hundred of C.hundred of D.hundreds of
2. Outside, people were selling dolls for more than ________ the price.
A.five time B.five times C.the fifth time D.fifth times
3. He left his hometown ________.
A.when he thirties B.in thirties C.in his thirties D.at thirties
4. There are ________ months in a year, and April is the ________ month of the year.
A.twelfth; fourth B.twelfth; four C.twelve; four D.twelve; fourth
5. More than ________ people come to visit Shanghai every year.
A.two millions B.million of C.two million D.millions of
D
B
C
D
C
Summary
一、基数词
二、基数词的用法
三、序数词
四、序数词的用法
Thanks
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