专题04 短文填空40题（真题+模拟题）-2026版山东省（春季高考）一轮复习《英语知识点清单》（原卷版+解析版）

编写说明：山东省2026年春季高考一轮复习《英语知识点清单》，依据《中等职业学校英语课程标准》（2020年版）及历年高考真题进行编写。本资料将高考必备知识进行科学划分，系统总结归纳知识点，全面梳理高考题型。本专辑共三大部分：第一部分是按照基础语法知识点编写的语法知识清单，第二部分是针对课程标准和高考真题中高频词汇的语言知识清单，第三部分是依据各个高考题型编写的题型技巧清单。每份资料均配备配套讲义、课件和练习题。 本专题是山东省2026年春季高考一轮复习《英语知识点清单》中题型技巧清单的第4个专题，内容为短文填空。 2026年山东省春季高考一轮复习 英语题型技巧清单 专题04 短文填空（真题+模拟题） 【考点解读】 短文填空是最能衡量学生英语基础知识是否扎实,知识面是否广泛,英语阅读中分析问题能力高低的综合性的一把尺度。因而也是春考时,考生困难最大,失分最多，最感头痛的题型。 解答这类题首先应具备正确拼写出应用单词的能力。其实，有相当一部分单词只需要原词拼写,部分单词要根据语境和语法知识结构分析要用什么形式。 短文填空题一共有10个空，其中有6~7个空考查实词,括号内有给出相关的词,另外的3~4个空为考查虚词,不给出相关的词。此题型主要考查学生对语法和词法知识的掌握和运用。要注意不同词性的构词法,学会分析空格里的词在句子中的成分也很重要。 【短文填空·高考真题分类通关】 (2021年山东春考短文填空) Paper-making is one of the four great ancient Chinese inventions.Paper can be 1. ___________(use) by people in many ways.We 2.___________ (usual) use paper to make newspapers,magazines and books.The farmers 3. ___________ live in Finland even wear paper boots to keep 4. ___________ (they) feet warm in the snow. Paper is made from 5.___________ ( difference)materials. However, we have to 6.___________ ( understand ) that paper mainly comes from trees. Some report online said it took about 17 trees to make 1 ton of paper. If we keep on 7. ___________ ( waste) paper, the forests may 8. ___________ (appear) in the future. So we must save paper. We can use both 9.___________ ( side) of every piece of paper, use glasses instead 10. ___________ paper cups, etc. In a word , we should keep a balance between using paper and protecting trees. 1.【答案】used 【分析】本题考查被动语态。 【详解】本句句意为“纸可以被人们用在很多方面”。主语paper与use之间为被动关系，所以用被动语态。根据句中be可知，用动词的过去分词。本处应填used。 2.【答案】usually 【分析】本题考查副词。 【详解】本空应填usual的副词usually，修饰 use。 3.【答案】who/that 【分析】本题考查定语从句的引导词。 【详解】句中先行词为The farmers，在定语从句中做主语，指人，所以应用关系代词who 或that 引导。故填who/that。 4.【答案】their 【分析】本题考查代词的用法。 【详解】根据句意可知，名词feet前用形容词性物主代词。故填 their。 5.【答案】different 【分析】本题考查形容词的用法。 【详解】空格部分缺少修饰materials的形容词，因此应填 difference 的形容词 different。 6.【答案】understand 【分析】本题考查动词的用法。 【详解】have to表示“不得不”，后面需跟动词原形，因此本空应填 understand。 7.【答案】wasting 【分析】本题考查动名词的用法。 【详解】本空前面是介词on，因此此处应填waste的动名词，做 keep on 的宾语，即 wasting。 8.【答案】disappear 【分析】本题考查动词。 【详解】根据句意“如果我们继续浪费纸张，森林可能会在未来消失”可知，本空应填appear的反义词，即 disappear。 9.【答案】sides 【分析】本题考查名词的复数。 【详解】根据both 可知，本空应填side的复数形式，即sides。 10.【答案】of 【分析】本题考查固定短语。 【详解】本句句意为“我们可以用每张纸的两面，用玻璃杯代替纸杯，等等。”instead of 意为“代替”，固定搭配。故填of。 (2022年山东春考短文填空) Last summer, I planned to find a job. I didn’t want to keep 11.___________ (ask) my parents for money. As I never had a job before , I decided to 12. ___________ (start) with a part-time job. I was 13.___________ (excite) at my job search. I found there 14. ___________ a lot of choices such as a cashier, a salesperson or a waitress. I wanted a job 15. ___________ was close to my home. At 16.___________ same time, the job schedule could be adjustable, for I still had much schoolwork to do. I applied to six different places.One week later, I received three interview 17.___________ (call). After thinking 18. ___________ (careful), I chose a cashier in the supermarket. For me, this job seemed more 19. ___________ (interest) than the other two. I was glad that I could earn money by 20. ___________(me). 11.【答案】asking 【分析】本题考查动名词作宾语。 【详解】keep后须加动名词作宾语，因此本题答案为asking。 12.【答案】start 【分析】本题考查动词不定式的用法。 【详解】decide后加to do作宾语，因此本空须填 start 的原形。 13.【答案】excited 【分析】本题考查形容词作表语。 【详解】excited 作句子的表语，be excited at ( about)表示“因….而兴奋(激动)”。 14.【答案】were 【分析】本题考查主谓一致。 【详解】there be句型中，be的形式受后面的名词和句子时态的限制。本句中空格后为a lot of choices，加之本句主句动词为find 的过去式，因此空格部分应填 were。 15.【答案】that 或which 【分析】本题考查定语从句的引导词。 【详解】空格部分应填关系代词that 或which，指代先行词job。 16.【答案】 the 【分析】本题考查冠词。 【详解】at the same time是固定短语，表示“同时”之意。 17.【答案】calls 【分析】本题考查名词的复数。 【详解】由空格前three可知，本空须填call 的复数形式 calls。 18.【答案】carefully 【分析】本题考查副词。 【详解】空格部分该填careful 的副词形式 carefully，修饰非谓语动词 thinking。 19.【答案】interesting 【分析】本题考查形容词。 【详解】空格部分为句子表语，须填interest的形容词形式，因为主语是 this job，因此该填interesting。 20.【答案】myself 【分析】本题考查反身代词。 【详解】本句意思是“我很开心因为我能自己挣钱了”，by myself意思是“靠自己、独自地”。 (2023年山东春考短文填空) The China-Laos Railway(中国-老挝铁路)opened to international 21.___________ ( passenger) on Thursday,April 13,2023. Lamphone, a student from Laos, took the first train. “It is a pleasant and comfortable journey," she said 22. ___________ (happy) She once 23. ___________ ( study ) in Guangdong province and used to travel between home and school by plane.“I am 24. ___________ (learn) railway transportation. I want to become a teacher at a railway 25. ___________ ( vocation) school in my country," she continued.“China's trains 26. ___________ (be) so fast and advanced. I hope I can lean more to teach 27. ___________ (me) students, and then we can have 28. ___________ (good) railways and trains than before. “The opening of the railway makes travel between China and Laos very convenient ," said Su Yisheng, an expert in China. “It benefits those 29. ___________ travel between the two countries, such 30. ___________ students, tourists and business people.”, 21.【答案】passengers 【分析】本题查考名词的复数。 【详解】根据句意“中国-老挝铁路在2023年4月13日星期四面向所有国际乘客开放”可知，此处应用passenger的复数形式，即passengers。 22.【答案】happily 【分析】本题查考副词。 【详解】本空应该使用happy的副词形式修饰said，故填 happily。 23.【答案】studied 【分析】本题查考动词的时态。 【详解】根据本句中的once(曾经)和后面的used to travel 可以判断，本句使用一般过去时，故填 studied。 24.【答案】learning 【分析】本题查考动词的时态。 【详解】根据空格前am可知，本句应该使用现在进行时，因此本空应填 learning。 25.【答案】vocational 【分析】本题查考形容词。 【详解】根据句意“我想在我的国家成为一名铁道职业学校的老师”可知，本空应填vocation的形容词，即vocational。 26.【答案】are 【分析】本题查考动词的时态和主谓一致。 【详解】根据上下文可以判断，本句为一般现在时，再由句子主语 China's trains 可知，句子谓语动词应用复数，故填are。 27.【答案】my 【分析】本题查考物主代词。 【详解】me的物主代词为 my。 28.【答案】better 【分析】本题查考形容词的比较级。 【详解】根据句中的than可知，空格处应填 good的比较级形式，即 better。 29.【答案】who 【分析】本题查考定语从句的引导词。 【详解】根据句意可知，本题该填指代those的关系代词 who。 30.【答案】as 【分析】本题查考固定短语。 【详解】本句句意为“它能让来往于两国之间的人们受益，如学生、游客和商务人士等”。such as 意为“例如”，固定搭配。故填as。 【短文填空·全真模拟题分类通关】 A hurricane (飓风) is a huge storm that forms over warm ocean water.Hurricanes have winds that move in 31.__________ circle. Hurricane winds are very 32__________._(power), and can move at speeds from 120 km/h to over 300 km/h. The centre of hurricane winds is called the eye. Winds in the eye 33.__________(be) not very strong. Around the eye is an area called the eye wall. The wall is where winds are the 34.___________(strong) and rain is the heaviest. Strong winds and heavy rains can do a lot of damage (破坏) when a hurricane moves over land. Hurricane winds can be strong enough to break 35.________(window) into pieces. The winds can even knock over tall trees, which might fall on buildings or cars. Strong winds can pick up objects and send 36.__________(they) into the air, causing damage. Heavy rains from a hurricane can cause floods in areas that are not close 37.___________a coast. The floodwater can be very deep. It sometimes 38.__________(reach) almost up to the top of houses. Water goes into the houses 39.__________(quick) and does a lot of damage. Wooden structures(结构) might not be safe after a flood. 40.___________there is no way to prevent a hurricane, you can get prepared for it. 31.【答案】a 【分析】本题查考冠词。 【详解】句意:飓风的风是绕圈运动的。此处泛指一个圈，“circle”以辅音音素开头，故填a。 32. 【答案】powerful 【分析】本题查考形容词。 【详解】句意:飓风非常强大，风速可以从每小时120千米到每小时300千米以上。此处在句中作表语，用形容词powerful，故填 powerful。 33. 【答案】are 【分析】本题查考一般现在时。 【详解】句意:风眼的风力不是很强。本句时态是一般现在时，主语“Winds”是复数，故填are。 34. 【答案】strongest 【分析】本题查考形容词最高级。 【详解】句意:这堵墙是风最强、雨最大的地方。根据并列句“rain is the heaviest”可知，此处应使用最高级strongest，故填 strongest。 35. 【答案】windows 【分析】本题查考名词。 【详解】句意:飓风的威力足以把窗户吹成碎片。此处表示复数含义，使用名词复数形式，故填windows。 36【答案】them 【分析】本题查考代词。 【详解】句意:强风会把物体吹到空中，造成破坏。此处在动词后作宾语，用宾格 them，故填 them。 37.【答案】to 【分析】本题查考固定搭配。 【详解】句意:飓风带来的暴雨会在不靠近海岸的地区引发洪水。be close to“靠近”，故填to。 38.【答案】reaches 【分析】本题查考动词。 【详解】句意:有时洪水几乎达到了房子的顶部。本句时态是一般现在时，主语是“It”，动词用第三人称单数形式，故填reaches。 39.【答案】quickly 【分析】本题查考副词。 【详解】句意:水很快进入房屋，造成很大的破坏。此处在句中修饰动词，用副词quickly，故填 quickly。 40.【答案】Although/ Though 【分析】本题查考连词。 【详解】句意:虽然没有办法阻止飓风，但你可以做好准备。前后两句构成让步关系，用although / though引导让步状语从句，句首需大写。故填Although / Though。 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 编写说明：山东省2026年春季高考一轮复习《英语知识点清单》，依据《中等职业学校英语课程标准》（2020年版）及历年高考真题进行编写。本资料将高考必备知识进行科学划分，系统总结归纳知识点，全面梳理高考题型。本专辑共三大部分：第一部分是按照基础语法知识点编写的语法知识清单，第二部分是针对课程标准和高考真题中高频词汇的语言知识清单，第三部分是依据各个高考题型编写的题型技巧清单。每份资料均配备配套讲义、课件和练习题。 本专题是山东省2026年春季高考一轮复习《英语知识点清单》中题型技巧清单的第4个专题，内容为短文填空。 2026年山东省春季高考一轮复习 英语题型技巧清单 专题04 短文填空（真题+模拟题） 【考点解读】 短文填空是最能衡量学生英语基础知识是否扎实,知识面是否广泛,英语阅读中分析问题能力高低的综合性的一把尺度。因而也是春考时,考生困难最大,失分最多，最感头痛的题型。 解答这类题首先应具备正确拼写出应用单词的能力。其实，有相当一部分单词只需要原词拼写,部分单词要根据语境和语法知识结构分析要用什么形式。 短文填空题一共有10个空，其中有6~7个空考查实词,括号内有给出相关的词,另外的3~4个空为考查虚词,不给出相关的词。此题型主要考查学生对语法和词法知识的掌握和运用。要注意不同词性的构词法,学会分析空格里的词在句子中的成分也很重要。 【短文填空·高考真题分类通关】 (2021年山东春考短文填空) Paper-making is one of the four great ancient Chinese inventions.Paper can be 1. ___________(use) by people in many ways.We 2.___________ (usual) use paper to make newspapers,magazines and books.The farmers 3. ___________ live in Finland even wear paper boots to keep 4. ___________ (they) feet warm in the snow. Paper is made from 5.___________ ( difference)materials. However, we have to 6.___________ ( understand ) that paper mainly comes from trees. Some report online said it took about 17 trees to make 1 ton of paper. If we keep on 7. ___________ ( waste) paper, the forests may 8. ___________ (appear) in the future. So we must save paper. We can use both 9.___________ ( side) of every piece of paper, use glasses instead 10. ___________ paper cups, etc. In a word , we should keep a balance between using paper and protecting trees. (2022年山东春考短文填空) Last summer, I planned to find a job. I didn’t want to keep 11.___________ (ask) my parents for money. As I never had a job before , I decided to 12. ___________ (start) with a part-time job. I was 13.___________ (excite) at my job search. I found there 14. ___________ a lot of choices such as a cashier, a salesperson or a waitress. I wanted a job 15. ___________ was close to my home. At 16.___________ same time, the job schedule could be adjustable, for I still had much schoolwork to do. I applied to six different places.One week later, I received three interview 17.___________ (call). After thinking 18. ___________ (careful), I chose a cashier in the supermarket. For me, this job seemed more 19. ___________ (interest) than the other two. I was glad that I could earn money by 20. ___________(me). (2023年山东春考短文填空) The China-Laos Railway(中国-老挝铁路)opened to international 21.___________ ( passenger) on Thursday,April 13,2023. Lamphone, a student from Laos, took the first train. “It is a pleasant and comfortable journey," she said 22. ___________ (happy) She once 23. ___________ ( study ) in Guangdong province and used to travel between home and school by plane.“I am 24. ___________ (learn) railway transportation. I want to become a teacher at a railway 25. ___________ ( vocation) school in my country," she continued.“China's trains 26. ___________ (be) so fast and advanced. I hope I can lean more to teach 27. ___________ (me) students, and then we can have 28. ___________ (good) railways and trains than before. “The opening of the railway makes travel between China and Laos very convenient ," said Su Yisheng, an expert in China. “It benefits those 29. ___________ travel between the two countries, such 30. ___________ students, tourists and business people.”, 【短文填空·全真模拟题分类通关】 A hurricane (飓风) is a huge storm that forms over warm ocean water.Hurricanes have winds that move in 31.__________ circle. Hurricane winds are very 32__________._(power), and can move at speeds from 120 km/h to over 300 km/h. The centre of hurricane winds is called the eye. Winds in the eye 33.__________(be) not very strong. Around the eye is an area called the eye wall. The wall is where winds are the 34.___________(strong) and rain is the heaviest. Strong winds and heavy rains can do a lot of damage (破坏) when a hurricane moves over land. Hurricane winds can be strong enough to break 35.________(window) into pieces. The winds can even knock over tall trees, which might fall on buildings or cars. Strong winds can pick up objects and send 36.__________(they) into the air, causing damage. Heavy rains from a hurricane can cause floods in areas that are not close 37.___________a coast. The floodwater can be very deep. It sometimes 38.__________(reach) almost up to the top of houses. Water goes into the houses 39.__________(quick) and does a lot of damage. Wooden structures(结构) might not be safe after a flood. 40.___________there is no way to prevent a hurricane, you can get prepared for it. 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $