U2L2 Nature and Science-How Light Travels（课件）-《英语 第二册》（劳保版 第三版）《上好课》

Unit 2 Nature and Science Lesson 2 How Light Travels 《英语 第二册》 劳保版 第三版 认识到科学探索的持续性和发展性，树立尊重科学、勇于质疑的科学态度。 培养对自然现象的好奇心和探究欲，增强学习科学知识的兴趣。 能够识记、理解并初步运用与本课主题相关的核心词汇和短语；理解课文主旨和细节，清晰复述光的三种理论发展历程，包括其主要观点和代表人物；掌握现在完成进行时的基本构成方式及其核心用法。 能够阅读并理解类似的科学类简短英文说明文；运用所学词汇、句型，结合现在完成进行时，描述一个科学现象或实验过程； 运用所学句型进行简单的对话交流；准确区分result from/result in等易混词。 Knowledge objectives Ability objectives Emotional objectives Learning objectives 学习目标 Warm-up Text Knowledge points 01 02 03 Oral communication Learn & practice Summary & Homework 05 06 07 Grammar 04 目录 content Warming-up 1 观看视频：光的理论 What do you know about light? How do you think light travels? 科学家们 牛顿 菲涅尔 爱因斯坦 普朗克 填写表格 Theories about Light In Chinese In English 1 微粒说 corpuscular theory 2 波动说 wave theory 3 量子理论 quantum theory 4 电磁理论 electromagnetic theory 5 光子理论 photon theory Text 2 What are the three main theories about light? Who proposed them? 带着以下问题阅读课文 Read Quickly and Find the Main Idea 问题 What is the passage mainly about? 答案 The passage traces the evolution of theories of light—from Newton’s Corpuscular Theory, to Fresnel’s Wave Theory, to the modern Quantum Theory—highlighting how scientific understanding progresses and remains open to future improvement.  Text Analysis Paragraph 1: 1.In addition to his theory of color... 讲解：介词短语。In addition to... 是固定搭配，意为“除…之外”，在句中作状语。 2....how light travels. 讲解：宾语从句。how 引导的从句作介词 of 的宾语。 3.This is known as the corpuscular theory of light... 讲解：被动语态。is known as 意为“被称为…”。 4....meaning (that) light travels as a series of tiny bits... 讲解：现在分词作状语。meaning... 是现在分词短语，对前文进行补充说明，其作用相当于一个非限制性定语从句 which means that...。 5....he became so famous that people believed he could do nothing wrong. 讲解：“so... that...” 结果状语从句。so famous that... 表示“如此有名，以至于…”。  Text Analysis Paragraph 2: 1....the experiments of a French scientist, Augustine Fresnel, showed that light could be explained best by a wave theory. 讲解：宾语从句 和 含情态动词的被动语态。that 引导宾语从句。从句中的 could be explained 是含情态动词的被动语态。 2....saying that Newton had delayed scientific progress for a hundred years. 讲解：现在分词作状语 和 宾语从句。saying... 是现在分词短语作伴随状语。that 引导宾语从句，且从句中使用了过去完成时 had delayed，表示该动作发生在“changed sides”之前。  Text Analysis Paragraph 3: 1....the presently accepted theory of light... 讲解：过去分词作定语。accepted 是过去分词，作定语修饰 theory，意为“被普遍接受的理论”。 2....such 20th century scientists as Albert Einstein and Max Planck. 讲解：“such... as...” 结构。用于列举，意为“诸如…之类的…”。 3.The quantum theory assumes that light is given off as separate “packages” of energy. 讲解：宾语从句 和 被动语态。that 引导宾语从句。从句中使用被动语态 is given off。 4....as they are called... 讲解：方式状语从句 和 被动语态。as 引导方式状语从句，意为“正如它们被称呼的那样”。从句中使用被动语态 are called。 5....at such a rapid rate that there is no great gap between them. 讲解：“such... that...” 结果状语从句。such a rapid rate that... 表示“如此快的速率，以至于…”。  Text Analysis Paragraph 4: 1....better than either of the two earlier theories. 讲解：比较级 和 “either of...” 结构。better than 是副词比较级。either of... 指“（两者中的）任何一个”。 2.But who can say (that) other scientists... may not provide an even better theory? 讲解：宾语从句的否定转移。这是一个修辞性问句。say 后面接了一个省略了 that 的宾语从句。从句中 may not 表示一种可能性，与主句的否定疑问形式结合，加强了“未来可能出现更好理论”这一可能性的语气。 Useful Phrases from the Text develop a theory 提出理论 a series of tiny bits 一系列微小粒子 attack a theory 抨击一种理论 publish work 发表著作 scientific progress 科学进展 change sides 改变立场 the accepted theory 公认的理论 combine ideas 结合观点 be given off 被释放出 at a rapid rate 以极快的速度 provide a theory 提出一种理论 The Evolution of Light Theories Question 问题：What are the three main theories about light? Student Answer Area The three main theories are: The Corpuscular Theory of Light The Wave Theory of Light The Quantum Theory of Light The Evolution of Light Theories 问题：Who proposed them? Student Answer Area The Corpuscular Theory was proposed by Isaac Newton. The Wave Theory was demonstrated through the experiments of the French scientist Augustine Fresnel. The Quantum Theory resulted from the work of 20th-century scientists like Albert Einstein and Max Planck. Question Knowledge points 3 课文原句： In addition to his theory of color, Newton developed a theory of how light travels. in addition to 与 as well as 及 besides 均表示“除……外，还”“另外还有”等意思，一般可以换用。 例如： In addition to physics, he also taught mathematics and geography. 除物理外，他还教过数学和地理。 We saw a Mickey Mouse cartoon as well as the movie. 除那部影片外，我们还看了一部《米老鼠》卡通片。 We have lots of common besides music. 除了音乐，我们还有很多共通点。 知识点1：in addition to & as well as & besides ⇔ 除此以外，还有 知识点1：in addition to & as well as & besides ⇔ 除此以外，还有 课文原句： In addition to his theory of color, Newton developed a theory of how light travels. Compare: In addition to knowing some Greek, she speaks Italian well. As well as knowing some Greek, she speaks Italian well. Besides knowing some Greek, she speaks Italian well. 除懂点希腊语外，她意大利语也说得很好。 知识点2：rather than & other than & better than 是……而不是；除了；比……更好 课文原句： …light travels as a series of tiny bits rather than in continuing waves. The quantum theory seems to explain the actions of light better than either of the two earlier theories. ①rather than 表示“是……而不是”“与其说……倒不如说”；rather than 是连词，它前后的成分在词类上应该一致。 例如： I think John, rather than you, is to blame. 我认为该受责备的应该是约翰，而不是你。 The policeman dressed in plain clothes rather than in a uniform. 那位警察穿着便服，而非警服。 知识点2：rather than & other than & better than 是……而不是；除了；比……更好 课文原句： …light travels as a series of tiny bits rather than in continuing waves. The quantum theory seems to explain the actions of light better than either of the two earlier theories. ②other than 表示“除了”“除……之外”，与否定词（no, none, nothing, nobody, etc.）连用时表示强调，即“不是别人，正是……”没有别的东西，正是……” “正是……” “只有”。 例如： Is anyone other than yourself coming? 除了你自己，还有谁来吗？ You can’t get there other than by swimming. 你不游泳是到了那里的人！你只有游泳才能到那里。 There’s no chair other than this in the room. 房间里只有这把椅子。 They had nothing other than dry bread and water for supper. 他们晚饭只有干面包和水。 知识点2：rather than & other than & better than 是……而不是；除了；比……更好 课文原句： …light travels as a series of tiny bits rather than in continuing waves. The quantum theory seems to explain the actions of light better than either of the two earlier theories. ③better than 指“比……更好”。 例如： I have an idea that she likes him better than anyone else. 我知道她比任何人都喜欢他。 Things are no better than before. 事情并不比以前好。 知识点3：accept & receive ⇔ 接受；受到 课文原句： Strangely enough, the presently accepted theory of light combines some of the ideas of both theories. ①accept 表示“接受”时后面经常带 present/gift, invitation, job, help, money, fact, idea, proposal, suggestion, theory 等。 例如： It’s great that my ideas have been accepted. 我的观点被接受，太好了。 I’ll accept the job if the pay is not too low. 如果报酬不是太低，我会接受这份工作的。 Picasso refused to accept criticism from anyone. 毕加索拒绝接受任何人的批评。 知识点3：accept & receive ⇔ 接受；受到 课文原句： Strangely enough, the presently accepted theory of light combines some of the ideas of both theories. ②receive 表示“接受”“受到”，主要是指动作的承受者，也就是说含有被动的意思，如接受治疗或教育。 例如： My father is receiving a medical treatment. (= My father is being treated medically.) 我父亲正在接受药物治疗。（我父亲是被治疗的对象） The visiting President received warm welcome. (= The visiting President was warmly welcomed.) 来访的总统受到了热烈欢迎。 George received a poor treatment. (= George was treated poorly ) 乔治没有受到好的对待。 知识点4：result from & result in ⇔ 由……造成；导致 课文原句： This is known as the quantum theory and results from the work of such 20th century scientists as Albert Einstein and Max Planck. ①result from (= be caused by ) 是被动意义，表示“由……造成或引起”。 例如： The new finding results from our experiments. 新发现源于我们的实验。 The accident resulted from the bad weather. 事故是由恶劣天气引发的。 His illness resulted from eating too much. 他的病是由吃得过多引起的。 知识点4：result from & result in ⇔ 由……造成；导致 课文原句： This is known as the quantum theory and results from the work of such 20th century scientists as Albert Einstein and Max Planck. ②◆ result in (= lead to, cause ) 表示“导致”“造成”“以……结局”，具有主动意义，不能用于被动式或进行时。 例如： The heavy rain resulted in the flood. 大雨导致了洪水。 Hard working resulted in the success in the learning of English as a second language. 努力使英语作为第二语言的学习获得了成功。 知识点4：result from & result in ⇔ 由……造成；导致 课文原句： This is known as the quantum theory and results from the work of such 20th century scientists as Albert Einstein and Max Planck. Compare The accident resulted in the death of two passengers. 这起事故造成了两名乘客死亡。The death of the two passengers resulted from the accident. 那两名乘客的死亡是由这起事故造成的。 知识点5：give off & give out ⇔ 散发；分发 课文原句： These “packages” of light, or quanta of energy, as they are called, are given off at such a rapid rate that there is no great gap between them. ①give off 表示“（散）发出”。 The gas gave off an unpleasant smell. 这种气体散发出一种难闻的味道。 This kind of coal gives off a lot of smoke. 这种煤烟很大。 These planets do not give off light of their own. 这些行星本身不发光。 ②give out 表示“散发”“分发”。 He saw a man giving out handbills in the street. 他看见一个人在街上散发小广告。 He often came to check their studies and give out new assignment. 他常常来检查他们的学习情况，并布置新的作业。 The teacher gave out the examination papers. 教师分发了考卷。 Grammar 4 现在完成进行时 现在完成进行时 现在完成进行时是英语中动词的一种基本时态，表示动作从某一时间开始，一直持续到现在，或者刚刚终止，或者可能仍然继续下去。 构成：have/has + been + 动词 -ing 现在完成进行时有如下用法： ①表示从过去某时开始一直持续到现在的动作，并且还将持续下去。 The Chinese have been making paper for more than two thousand years. 中国有2000多年的造纸历史。（造纸还将继续下去） I have been learning English since three years ago. 三年以来我一直在学英语。（英语学习还将继续下去） ②表示在说话时刻之前到现在正在进行的动作。 We have been waiting for him for half an hour. 我们已经等他半个钟头了。（还没到，在说话时依然在等） 现在完成进行时 ③有些现在完成进行时的句子基本等同于现在完成时的句子。此时，现在完成时指动作从过去某时开始，继续到现在，可能继续下去，也可能刚刚停止。这是现在完成时的“未完成”用法。例如： They have been living in this city for ten years. They have lived in this city for ten years. 他们在这个城市已经住了10年了。（可能继续住下去） I have been working here for five years. I have worked here for five years. 我在这里已经工作五年了。（可能继续工作下去） She has been sleeping for 6 hours and still cannot wake up. She has slept for 6 hours and still cannot wake up. 她已经睡了6个小时，到现在还没有醒。（睡觉可能还在继续） 现在完成进行时 ④现在完成进行时的句子也可能不等同于现在完成时的句子。此时现在完成时表示动作或状态从过去某一时刻开始，现在已经完成，并与现在的情况有联系。这是现在完成时的“已完成”用法。例如： I have been writing a book. 我一直在写一本书。（书还将继续写下去） I have written a book. 我已经写了一本书。（书已经写成） They have been building a bridge. 他们一直在造一座桥。（桥还将继续建造下去） They have built a bridge. 他们造了一座桥。（桥已经建完了） 语法练习 示例：they work in this factory—for five years They have been working/have worked in this factory for five years. 1.they develop a new machine—for one year When they succeed, more computers will be produced. They have been developing/have developed a new machine for one year. When they succeed, more computers will be produced. 2.she write a book—and the book is quite popular She has been writing/has written a book—and the book is quite popular. 语法练习 3.John and his wife live in the house—for more than twenty years They will continue living in it. John and his wife have been living/have lived in the house for more than twenty years. They will continue living in it. 4.I wait for Jane—for more than an hour We will visit her parents together. I have been waiting/have waited for Jane for more than an hour. We will visit her parents together. 5.they produce a new car—and it works quite well They have been producing/have produced a new car—and it works quite well. Oral communication 5 工作场景 1. 提醒工作 Don't ..., please. You're not here to .... You're here to .... （请不要...。你来这里不是为了...，是为了...。） Come here, please.（请过来一下。） 对话原文： Mr. Hall: Don’t read here, please. You’re not here to read. You’re here to work. Come here, please. 2. 提出具体工作要求 I want you to fetch me ....（我想让你去给我拿...。） These ... are on that ....（这些...在那个...上。） 对话原文： Mr. Hall: I want you to fetch me a book about how light travels. Mr. Hall: These books are on that shelf. 工作场景 3. 汇报完成情况 汇报结果： I've got .... Is it OK? （我拿到...了。这个可以吗？） 对话原文： Wendy: I’ve got one, Mr. Hall. Is it OK? 4. 给予肯定与感谢 Yes. Thank you. （是的，谢谢。） 对话原文： Mr. Hall: Yes. Thank you. 回答方式 1.立即回应指令（使用简短的肯定回答）： Yes, .... （好的，...。） 2.确认指令内容（通过重复关键信息来提问）： How light travels? （光是如何传播的？） 3.汇报工作结果（使用“主语 + have/has got + 物品”结构）： I've got one. （我拿到一本了。） I have found the book. （我找到那本书了。） 4.寻求最终确认： Is it OK? （这个可以吗？） Pair work 学生两人一组， 模仿课文对话，并上台表演。 Just Talk！ Learn & practice 6 1. Newton’s corpuscular theory suggests that light travels ________. A. in continuous waves B. as separate “packages” of energy C. only in a straight line D. without any speed limit 2. Which phrase means “由……产生” in English? A. result in B. give off C. result from D. change sides 3. The quantum theory ________ (assume) that light is given off as separate packages of energy.（用动词的正确形式填空） 4. Fresnel’s experiments showed that light could be best __________ (explain) by a wave theory.（用动词的正确形式填空） B C assumes Practice explained 5. The quantum theory was developed by scientists such as ________. A. Newton and Fresnel B. Fresnel and Planck C. Einstein and Planck D. Newton and Einstein 6. Which of the following is NOT a correct use of “accept”? A. She accepted his invitation. B. He accepted the fact that he was wrong. C. I accepted a gift from my friend. D. He received a gift but didn’t accept it. 7. She has been __________ (read) that book since this morning. （用现在完成进行时填空） C D Practice reading Summary & Homework 7 What did you learn in this lesson? Let’s review... 光的三种理论发展历程 核心词汇与短语 现在完成进行时 易混词辨析 图书馆借书对话 Let’s review... Homework 抄写本课重点词汇和句型，并完成相关题目练习。 光的三种理论发展历程、核心词汇与短语、现在完成进行时、易混词辨析及图书馆借书对话。 Thanks! Lavf59.14.100 Lavf59.14.100 $