U2L3 Nature and Science-Alexander Bell's Greatest Invention（课件）-《英语 第二册》（劳保版 第三版）《上好课》

Unit 2 Nature and Science Lesson 3 Alexander Bell's Greatest Invention 《英语 第二册》 劳保版 第三版 认识到科学发明需要丰富的想象力、严谨的实验和不懈的坚持，培养创新意识和探索精神。 理解技术发展的承前启后，欣赏早期科学家的远见卓识，即使其发明在当时未能广泛应用。 识记、理解并初步运用与本课主题相关的核心词汇和短语；理解课文主旨和细节，清晰复述亚历山大·贝尔发明电话和光话机的基本事实；掌握现在/过去进行时、现在/过去完成时的被动语态构成形式及其核心用法。 阅读并理解类似的科技人物或发明简史类英文文章；运用所学词汇、句型，结合被动语态，简要介绍一项发明；在模拟情景中运用所学句型进行简单的对话交流；在具体语境中准确区分易混词。 Knowledge objectives Ability objectives Emotional objectives Learning objectives 学习目标 Warm-up Text Knowledge points 01 02 03 Oral communication Learn & practice Summary & Homework 05 06 07 Grammar 04 目录 content Warming-up 1 观察图片 What is this? Who invented it? 答案： telephone Alexander Graham Bell （亚历山大·格拉汉姆·贝尔） 亚历山大·格拉汉姆·贝尔和他的发明 “photo phone” 填写表格 Alexander Bell’s Inventions In Chinese In English 1 电话机 telephone 2 光话机 photo phone 3 金属探测器 metal detector 4 助听设备 hearing aid device 5 改良留声机装置 improvements to phonograph Text 2 What are the two inventions of Bell mentioned? Which one did he call his “greatest invention”? 带着以下问题阅读课文 Read Quickly and Find the Main Idea 问题 What is the passage mainly about? 答案 The passage is mainly about Alexander Graham Bell's invention of the photo phone and how it worked by transmitting speech using light.  Text Analysis Paragraph 1: 1....he found a job in the United States. 讲解：一般过去时。叙述过去发生的具体事件。 2....he made the first telephone in the world. 讲解：序数词 和 形容词最高级。first 是序数词，first telephone 意为“第一部电话”。in the world 是表示范围的短语，常与最高级连用。  Text Analysis Paragraph 2: 1.Most people know (that) it was Bell who invented the telephone. 讲解：宾语从句 和 强调句。know 后接省略了 that 的宾语从句。从句本身是一个强调句，结构为 It was... who...，强调主语 Bell。 2.He called the device the photo phone. 讲解：双宾语结构。动词 call 后可接两个宾语，结构为 call + 宾语 + 宾语补足语，此处为 called the device the photo phone。  Text Analysis Paragraph 3: 1.“Photo phone” comes from the Greek words for “light” and “sound”. 讲解：一般现在时 和 介词 for 表示用途。用一般现在时说明词源这一客观事实。for 表示 “light” 和 “sound” 这两个词是分别对应“光”和“声音”的。 2.To do so, he spoke close to a thin mirror that was reflecting sunlight. 讲解：动词不定式作目的状语 和 定语从句。To do so 是动词不定式短语作目的状语。that was reflecting sunlight 是定语从句，修饰 mirror。 3.The vibrations of his voice caused the mirror to vibrate... 讲解：“cause sth to do sth” 结构。意为“导致某物做某事”，to vibrate 是动词不定式作宾语补足语。  Text Analysis Paragraph 3: 4....in a receiver placed some distance away. 讲解：过去分词作定语。placed some distance away 是过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰 receiver，意为“被放置在远处某个地方的接收器”。 5.Bell believed that his idea... would prove to be important. 讲解：宾语从句 和 过去将来时。that 引导宾语从句。从句中使用 would prove，表示从过去某个时间点看将来会证明的事。 6.Even though the photo phone depended on a source of energy that was not constant... 讲解：让步状语从句 和 定语从句。Even though 引导让步状语从句。that was not constant 是定语从句，修饰 a source of energy。 7.He felt sure that people would one day talk using beams of light. 讲解：宾语从句 和 现在分词作方式状语。that 引导宾语从句。using beams of light 是现在分词短语作方式状语，修饰 talk。 Useful Phrases from the Text be born in Scotland 出生在苏格兰 find a job in the United States 在美国找到一份工作 make the first telephone 制造了第一部电话 invent a talking device 发明了一种通话设备 carry sounds over wires 通过电线传送声音 a beam of sunlight 一束阳光 transmit human speech on a beam of light 通过光束传输人声 cause the mirror to vibrate 使镜子振动 light sensitive cell光敏元件 change light patterns into electric signals 将光信号转换为电信号 depend on a source of energy 依赖于某种能源 talk using beams of light 利用光束通话 Bell’s “Greatest Invention” Question 问题：What are the two inventions of Bell mentioned? Student Answer Area The two inventions of Bell mentioned are: The telephone The photo phone Bell’s “Greatest Invention” 问题：Which one did he call his “greatest invention”? Student Answer Area Bell called the photo phone his "greatest invention." Question Knowledge points 3 课文原句：Most people know it was Bell who invented the telephone. But not many know about another talking device he invented just four years later, in 1880. ①know 表示“知道”“认识”“明白”，为及物动词，通常指直接知道或认识、了解某人（某物）。例如： She knows what to do. 她明白该做什么。 We have known each other since young. 我们从小就认识。 ②know about 表示“了解”“知道……的情况”，通常指间接了解某人或某物。例如： Make sure your children know about road safety. 确保您的孩子们了解交通安全知识。 Many students want to know about the differences between American English and British English. 许多学生想知道美式英语和英式英语之间的区别。 知识点1：know & know about → 认识；了解 课文原句：Most people know it was Bell who invented the telephone. ①invent 强调运用想象力制造出原来不存在的东西；用作广义时，还可表示“捏造”“虚构”。例如： Bell invented the telephone. 贝尔发明了电话。 He sometimes invents excuses to get out of work. 他有时编造借口不去上班。 These stories are invented. 这些故事是虚构的。 ②discover 表示“发现”，指通过实验、调查、勘探发现了原本已存在但尚未被人挖掘或认识到的事物、真理、情况。例如： Scientists have discovered a new virus. 科学家发现了一种新病毒。 I discovered my mistake too late. 我发现自己的错误时已经太晚了。 知识点2：invent & discover → 发明；发现 知识点3：source & resources → 来源；资源 课文原句： Even though the photo phone depended on a source of energy that was not constant—the sun, Bell wasn’t discouraged. ①source 表示“来源，起源”，常用搭配是 a source of。 New sources of petroleum and natural gas were found in Mexico in 1978. 1978 年在墨西哥发现了石油与天然气的新来源。 The family has another source of income. 这个家庭另有一个收入来源。 ②resources [复] 表示“资源”“财力”。 We must economize on manpower and material resources. 我们必须节省人力与物力资源。 This country is rich in natural resources. 这个国家自然资源丰富。 China is a large country that is rich in mineral resources. 中国是幅员辽阔，矿产资源丰富的国家。 Grammar 4 看《哈利·波特》，学被动语态 被动语态 英语中有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。 主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。 被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，即行为动作的对象。 英语被动语态的构成通常是：“be + done”。但“get + done”也可以构成被动语态，用这种结构的句子侧重于动作的结果而不是动作本身。 例如： The man got hurt on his way home. 那个男人在回家的路上受伤了。 How did the glass get broken? 杯子怎么破了？ 被动语态 英语中常用时态的主动式和被动式归纳如下表： 时态 主动语态 被动语态 一般现在时 动词原形 am/is/are + 过去分词 一般将来时 shall/will + 动词原形 shall/will be + 过去分词 一般过去时 动词过去式 was/were + 过去分词 现在进行时 am/is/are + 现在分词 am/is/are + being + 过去分词 现在完成时 have/has + 过去分词 have/has + been + 过去分词 过去进行时 was/were + 现在分词 was/were + being + 过去分词 过去完成时 had + 过去分词 had + been + 过去分词 被动语态 1. 现在进行时 They are being met at the airport. 他们正在机场被迎接。 John is being carefully examined by the doctor. 约翰正在接受医生细致的检查。 What is being repaired by Tom now? 汤姆正在修理什么？ 2. 现在完成时 The truck has been driven a long way today. 这辆卡车今天已经开了很长一段路。 The computer has been repaired. 计算机已经被修好了。 Which book has been translated into the largest number of languages? 哪本书被译成最多种语言？ Who has been given a teapot? 谁被送了一个茶壶？ What has been given George? 什么被送给了乔治？ 被动语态 3. 过去进行时 She said that a new system was being developed. 她说新系统正在开发中。 George told me that his piano was being repaired. 乔治告诉我们的钢琴正在修理。 4. 过去完成时 When I went to help him, his work had been completed by himself. 当我去帮助他时，他的工作已经被他自己完成了。 The box had been opened before the policeman came. 警察来之前箱子已经被打开了。 What had been done by the workers of the factory before the scientist came? 这位科学家来工厂之前，工人都做了什么？ 语法练习 示例：Begin the sentence with “a bridge” : they build a bridge—now A bridge is being built (by them) now. 1.Begin the sentence with “Jane”: John send Jane many books—since last year Jane has been sent many books by John since last year. 2.Begin the sentence with “Tom”: the doctor examine Tom—when it rained Tom was being examined by the doctor when it rained. 语法练习 3.Begin the sentence with “the computer”: George repair the computer—before the technician came The computer had been repaired by George before the technician came. 4.Begin the sentence with “new computer”: some scientists and technologists in China develop new computers—now New computers are being developed by some scientists and technologists in China now. 5.Begin the sentence with “some new teapots”: Dick’ give Tom some new teapots—since 2017 Some new teapots have been given to Tom by Dick since 2017. Oral communication 5 入职、工作分配 1. 新员工自我介绍 I'm .... I'm going to work here.（我是...。我要在这里开始工作。） 对话原文： George: I'm George Smith. I'm going to work here today. 2. 确认入职信息、引导参观 You are starting work here today.（你今天要在这里开始工作了。） Come with me. I will show you your [地点].（跟我来，我带你去看看你的[办公室]。） 对话原文： Mrs. Bull: Ah, George. You are starting work here today. Mrs. Bull: Come with me, George. I will show you your office. 入职、工作分配 3. 介绍工作环境与未来安排 This is your [地点].（这是你的[办公室]。） 对话原文： Mrs. Bull: This is your office. Mrs. Bull: It’s small. But next week you’re going to have a big office. 4. 下达工作任务 You must [任务] [时间].（今天上午你必须阅读电脑里的那些邮件。） Need I [任务]?（我需要做[任务]吗？） Yes, you must.（是的，你必须。） 对话原文： Mrs. Bull: This morning you must read those emails... George: Need I read all of them, Mrs. Bull? Mrs. Bull: Yes, you must. 入职、工作分配 5. 说明工作方式与选择 You must [完成任务], either by [方式A] or [方式B]. （你必须[完成任务]，可以通过[发邮件]或者[打电话]的方式。） 对话原文： Mrs. Bull: Yes, you must answer all of them, either by email or over telephone. 回答方式 1.礼貌问候与自我介绍（使用“主语 + be动词 + ...”结构）： I am George Smith. （我是乔治·史密斯。） I am going to work here today. （我今天要在这里工作。） 2.对安排做出回应（使用“It is + 形容词”结构表达感受）： It is a nice office. （这是一间不错的办公室。） Thank you. （谢谢。） 3.确认任务要求（使用“Need I + 动词原形...?”结构提问）： Need I read all of them? （我需要全部阅读吗？） 4.回应强制要求（使用“Yes, you must.”或“You must + 动词原形”结构强调）： Yes, you must. （是的，你必须。） You must answer all of them. （你必须回复所有邮件。） Pair work 学生两人一组， 模仿课文对话，并上台表演。 Just Talk！ Learn & practice 6 1. Alexander Bell invented the ________, which uses electricity to carry sounds over wires. A. photo phone B. telegraph C. telephone D. radio 2. Bell’s photo phone used a ________ of sunlight to transmit human speech. A. source B. beam C. wire D. signal 3.The word “photo phone” comes from Greek words for “_______” and “_______”. A. sound, electricity B. light, sound C. voice, mirror D. energy, vibration 4.用所给词的适当形式填空（被动语态）： Many books ______________ (send) to Jane by John since last year. C B B Practice have been sent 5.In the sentence “Bell wasn’t discouraged”, the word discouraged means: A. encouraged B. disappointed C. excited D. interested 6.Which sentence is in the passive voice? A. Bell invented the telephone. B. The computer has been repaired. C. He spoke close to a mirror. D. They are developing a new system. 7.根据课文内容填空： Bell’s photo phone did not use __________ to carry sounds. Instead, it used a beam of ________ traveling through the air. B B Practice electricity sunlight Summary & Homework 7 What did you learn in this lesson? Let’s review... 贝尔的电话与光话机 光话机工作原理 核心词汇与短语 四种进阶时态的被动语态 易混词辨析及职场对话 Let’s review... Homework 抄写本课重点词汇和句型，并完成相关题目练习。 预习下一单元内容。 Thanks! Lavf59.14.100 $