2026届高三英语一轮基础复习-名词复数、动词-ing形式、动词-ed形式以及副词-ly形式的变化规则 导学案

该高中英语高考复习学案系统梳理了名词复数、动词-ing、动词-ed及副词-ly形式变化四大核心语法考点，按规则类型（一般变化、特殊规则、不规则变化）分层构建知识体系，通过问题导向的规则辨析任务和真题情境任务，引导学生自主归纳变化规律，形成结构化语法知识网络。 特色在于“规则-真题-反思”三阶自主学习设计，开篇设置30道诊断题检测规则掌握情况，配套规则对比表（如名词复数f/fe结尾与o结尾变化对比）引导学生辨析易混点，培养语言能力和学习能力。每个考点后附近5年高考真题演练及错题归因模板，学生可自主诊断薄弱环节，教师通过学情数据实现精准辅导，助力个性化备考。

名词复数、动词-ing形式、动词-ed形式以及副词-ly形式的变化规则总结 一、名词复数变化规则 ▊  1.一般情况下加-s    如：book--books（书） desk--desks（书桌）   ▊  2.以s ,x ,ch , sh结尾加-es   如：box--boxes（盒子） bus--buses(公共汽车)   注意：①以 th 结尾加-s, month--months  ②stomach--stomachs   ▊  3.以辅音字母+结尾，变y为i再加- es。  如city--cities(城市)  country--countries(国家)   注意：以元音+y，直接加s。如：day--days(天)，boy--boys(男孩)   ▊  4.以f或fe结尾，复数变f或 fe 为v再加-es   如：knife-knives(书) ,  half-halves(一半)  (thief ,wife ,life ,shelf ,knife ,leaf ,self ,half ,wolf)   注意：①有少数词后直接加s，如roof-roofs (屋顶)   ▊  5.以o结尾   (1)辅音字母加o结尾名词的加-es  如tomato-tomatoes(西红杮)  potato-potatoes(土豆)   (2) 元音字母加o结尾名词的加-s  如piano-pianos (钢琴),  zoo-zoos(动物园)  photo-photos (照片),  kangaroo-kangaroos(袋鼠)  kilo-kilos(千克)   注意：zero 两种方式都可：zero-zeros或 zeroes(零)   不规则变化 ▊  1.元音字母发变化。  如：man--men(男人) ， woman--women(妇女)  tooth--teeth(牙齿)  ， foot--feet(脚)  mouse--mice(老鼠)  ， policeman--policemen(警察)  policewoman--policewomen(女警察)   ▊  2.词尾发生变化。  如：child--children(小孩)  ， ox--oxen(公牛)  ▊  3.单、复数形式相同。  如：fish--fish(鱼) ，sheep--sheep(绵羊) ，deer--deer(鹿) ，chinese--chinese(中国人) ，yuan--yuan(元) ，jinn--jinn(斤)   注意：①不说an English，要说an Englishman.  ②fish作鱼肉讲时不可数，没有复数；fishes指各种不同种类鱼或指几条鱼。  ▊  4. 形似单数，实为复数意义。   如：people(人，人们)these people  (不说a people，可说a person)  police(公安，警察)ten police  (不说a police，可说a policeman)   ▊  5.由man和woman构成的合成名词，变复数将名词及man或woman都变成复数。  如a man driver-men drivers(男司机)  a woman doctor-women doctors (女医生)   ▊  6. 合成名词变为复数时，通常只将里面所含的主体名词变为复数。  如passer-by-passers-by(过路人)  bus driver-bus drivers(汽车司机)   注意： ①如果没有主体名词，就在最后一词上加-s。如：grown-up-grown-ups(成年人)  letter-box-letter-boxes (信箱)   ②hair和fruit通常作单数，表示总体。若表示若干根头发或若干种水果，则需用这两个词的复数形式。 如： would you like some more fruit?  你要不要再吃点水果？  we bought a lot of fruit from the market.  我们从市场上买了许多水果 China has some good fruits.  中国有一些好的水果。(指种类)  she has a few white hairs.  她有几要白头发。  his black hair is going white.  他的黑发逐渐变成灰白色。 ③wind ,snow和rain这类词，有时也可以有复数形式，表示多次的风、雪或雨。  ④以boy 和girl开头的复合名词变成复数时，一般只把后一名词变成复数。如：boy student-boy students(男学生)  girlfriend--girlfriends(女朋友)   ▊  7.有些名词只有作复数。   如：scissors(剪刀) trousers(裤子) shorts(短裤) jeans(工装裤) compasses(两脚规) scales(天平) sunglasses(太阳镜) surroundings(环境) savings(储蓄) writings(作品)  二、动词-ing形式变化规则 1. 直接加-ing 例：play → playing, read → reading, work → working。 2. 以不发音的e结尾去掉e再加-ing。 若e发音则保留。 例：write → writing, dance → dancing；但see → seeing（e发音）, agree → agreeing（同意） 3. 以“辅音+元音+辅音”结尾的重读闭音节 双写末尾辅音字母再加-ing。需满足单音节或重音在末音节。 例：run → running, swim → swimming, begin → beginning。 open → opening（打开）（重音在第一个音节，非最后一个音节） listen → listening（听）（词尾是“e（元音）+n（辅音）”，但重音不在最后一个音节） 4. 以-ie结尾 变ie为y再加-ing。例：lie → lying, die → dying。 5. 以-y结尾 直接加-ing（无需变y为i）。 例：study → studying, carry → carrying。 三、+ed 变化规则 1. 一般情况：直接在动词原形后加“-ed”。 例如：work → worked, play → played, look → looked。 2. 以不发音的“e”结尾的动词：直接加“-d”。 例如：live → lived, like → liked, dance → danced。 3. 以“辅音字母 + y”结尾的动词：变“y”为“i”，再加“-ed”。 例如：study → studied, carry → carried, cry → cried。 若“y”前是元音字母（a/e/i/o/u），则直接加“-ed”，如：play → played。 4. 以重读闭音节结尾，且末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词：双写末尾辅音字母，再加“-ed”。 例如：stop → stopped, plan → planned, shop → shopped, prefer →preferred （重读闭音节指发音为“辅音+元音+辅音”，且重音在最后一个音节。） 不规则动词的过去式需单独记忆，如 be → was/were, have → had, go → went 等。 四、副词-ly形式变化规则 1. 一般情况,多数形容词直接加-ly。 例： happy → happily, slow → slowly, wide → widely, fortunate → fortunately, immediate → immediately。 2. 以-le结尾结尾的，大多去掉e加y变成副词 simple-simply; terrible-terribly; horrible-horrible ；single-singly; gentle-gently; possible-possibly available → availably， true--truly 3. 以ic 结尾的词，加ally，如：如：economic-economically basic-basically;scientific-scientifically;automatic-automatically;energetic-energetically; 但是public-publicly 例外。 4. 以-y结尾的形容词,变y为i再加-ly。例：easy → easily, busy → busily, ·easy → easily, angry → angrily 5. 同形副词及其-ly形式的区别一些形容词本身可作副词（表示具体含义），其 -ly 形式则表示抽象或引申含义。 · deep / deeply deep: 指具体深度 (dive deep) deeply: 指情感深度 (deeply moved) ·wide / widely wide: 指具体宽度 (open wide) widely: 指范围广泛 (widely used) · close / closely close: 指距离近 (stand close) closely: 指仔细、严密 (watch closely) · hard / hardly hard: 努力地 (work hard) hardly: 几乎不 (hardly work) 特别注意： · Hard 和 Hardly  · He works hard. 他努力工作。  · He hardly works. 他几乎不工作。 · Late 和 Lately  · He arrived late. 他来晚了。  · What have you been doing lately? 你最近在做什么？ · High 和 Highly  · The plane flew high. 飞机飞得很高。  · He is a highly skilled worker. 他是一位高度熟练的工人。 练习： 1. 【2024九省联考卷】Fountain pens __________ (use) in schools long ago and have been regaining popularity lately because they are refillable. 2. 【2024新课标Ⅰ卷】Further, the Silk Route Garden around the greenhouse ____60____ (walk) visitors through a journey influenced by the ancient Silk Road, by which silk as well as many plant species came to Britain for the first time. 3. 【2024全国甲卷】 They ____44____（be）part of a 15-member exploring party that had spent almost five awesome weeks in witness of the natural beauties there. 4. 【2024新课标ⅠⅠ卷】 “Some of the things that Tang was writing about ___38___ (be)also Shakespeare’s concerns. 5. 【2024新课标ⅠⅠ卷】Two years later, a six-meter-tall pavilion, inspired by The Peony Pavilion, ___41___ (build)at the Firs Garden, just ten minutes’ walk from Shakespeare’s birthplace. 6. 【2024北京卷】On April 5, 2024, John Tinniswood ___15___ (name) the world’s oldest living man. 7. 【2024北京卷】 My heart went out to him, and I ___20___ (jog) over to him. As I handed him the glasses, he looked at me and said, “Thanks!” 8. 【2024浙江1月卷】However, though it’s nice to get a few cents off a pack of sausages, it would help even more if they could sometimes ____41____ (offer) in smaller packs. Even the biggest sausage fan doesn’t want to eat them every day. 9. 【2024浙江1月卷】If your supermarket sells loose produce, then buying smaller quantities is easier. Over the last two years, some supermarkets ____42____ (start) selling chicken or salad in packs designed with two halves containing separate portions (份). 10. 【2023年全国乙卷】Having visited several times over the last 10 years, I ____47____ (amaze) by the co-existence of old and new. 11. 【2023年新高考全国Ⅱ卷】As a little girl, I ___45___ (wish) to be a zookeeper when I grew up. 12. 【2023年全国甲卷】 Carson proves that a simple literal form that has been passed down through the ages can still ____50____ (employ) today to draw attention to important truths. 13. 【2023年全国甲卷】I used to be afraid of insects, but last Friday’ s biology class ______(make) a big change in me.... 14. 【2023年全国甲卷】 In the evening, when I take a walk in the school garden, the singing of insects _______(become) more meaningful to me. 15. 【2023年浙江1月卷】Citizens of higher social classes 59 (permit)to live closer to the center of the circles. 16. 【2023年浙江1月卷】The large siheyuan of these high-ranking officials and wealthy businessmen often 60 (feature)beautifully carved and painted roof beams and pillars(柱子). 17. 【2023年北京卷】For these reasons, they are praised as “coastal guardians”. Up to now, China ____16____(establish) a number of protected areas with mangroves. 18. 【2022新高考I卷】The plan will extend protection to a significant number of areas that __________ (be)previously unprotected....After a three-year pilot period, the GPNP will be officially set up next year. 19. 【2022新高考I卷】The GPNP __________ (design)to reflect the guiding principle of “protecting the authenticity and integrity(完整性)of natural ecosystems, preserving biological diversity, protecting ecological buffer zones, and leaving behind precious natural assets(资产)for future generations”. 20. 【2022全国甲卷】In the last five years, Cao ___________ (walk) through 34 countries in six continents 21. 【2022全国乙卷】The chairman of the China Culture Promotion Society ___________ (address) the opening ceremony. 22. 【2022年浙江卷1月】Travelling to conferences, lectures, workshops, and the like frequently by plane ________（view） as important for scientists to get together and exchange information. 23. 【2022年浙江卷1月】But Cobb and others ________ （be） now questioning that idea pushing conferences to provide more chances to participate remotely. 24. 【2022年浙江卷1月】Many of them climate scientists __________ （promise） to fly as little as possible since the effort started two years ago. 25. 【2022年新高考2卷】Henry ___42___ (fix) his car when he heard the screams. 26. 【2022年新高考2卷】He looked up and saw Eric hanging from the balcony. He quickly ___43___ (throw) his tools aside, and started running, arms out. 27. 【2022年北京卷】 Eventually, the man ____13____ (catch) up with her, and he was only trying to return her wallet! 28. 【2022年北京卷】 This has been adopted to ensure easier detection of gas leaks. Gas naturally ____16____ (have) no recognizable smell. 29. 【2022年北京卷】The use of those plastics ____20____ (increase) by 300% since 2019. The world won’t survive if this situation continues. 30. 【2022年天津卷第二次】 Food and medical supplies________ (distribute ) to all the residents after the hurricane last Sunday. 31. 【2022年天津卷第二次】Critical reasoning, together with problem-solving, ________(prepare) teenagers to make better decisions. 32. 【2022年天津卷第二次】The children failed to hide their disappointment when they found out the school________(cancel) the party. A. cancels B. will cancel 33. （2021新高考I卷）What comes next is the endless series of steps. You can’t help wondering how hard it _________ (be) for the people then to put all those rocks into place. 34. （2021北京卷）As it _________ (connect) things, your brain turns them into a story, and you get a dream. 35. （2021全国甲卷）The Xi'an City Wall is the most complete city wall that has survived China's long history. It _________ (build) originally to protect the city in the Tang dynasty and has now been completely restored (修复). 36. （2021浙江1月卷）It is calculated by dividing a person’s weight in kg by their height in meters squared, and a BMI of between 19 and 25 _________ (consider) healthy. 37. （2021浙江卷）Mary’s niece wrote, "The little home _________ (paint) white. It was sweet and fresh. Mary loved it. She was extremely pretty, and her house was a reflection of herself, everything in good taste and in perfect order. 38. 【2024新课标Ⅰ卷】These sepals open on warm days ____58____ (give) the inside plants sunshine and fresh air. 39. 【2024全国甲卷】Although parks of all sizes and types exist at any level, the national parks, in particular, tend____41____（catch）our attention because of their large size and variety. 40. 【2024新课标ⅠⅠ卷】Two years later, a six-meter-tall pavilion, ___40___ (inspire)by The Peony Pavilion, was built at the Firs Garden, just ten minutes’ walk from Shakespeare’s birthplace. 41. 【2024新课标ⅠⅠ卷】Those cultural elements have increased Stratford’s international visibility, said Edmondson, adding that visitors walking through the Birthplace Garden were often amazed ___43___(find)the connection between the two great writers. 42. 【2024新课标ⅠⅠ卷】__44___ (recall)watching a Chinese opera version of Shakespeare’s play Richard III in Shanghai and meeting Chinese actors who came to Stratford a few years ago to perform parts of The Peony Pavilion, Edmondson said, “It was very exciting to hear the Chinese language and see how Tang’s play was being performed.” 43. 【2024北京卷】 Slowing down can contribute significantly to personal growth. Taking the time ___11___ (rest) allows us to develop a deeper sense of self-awareness. 44. 【2024北京卷】 When we slow down, we create space to reflect on our thoughts and emotions, which helps us identify important areas of our lives and gives us the opportunity _____( make ) right choices. 45. 【2024北京卷】 Just then, some kids ran at him, ___19___ (knock) his books out of his arms. His glasses went flying and landed in the grass. 46. 【2024浙江1月卷】The shelves in most supermarkets are full of family-size this and multi-buy that. However, if you’re shopping for one, buying extra ____36____ (benefit) from price reductions doesn’t make sense. 47. 【2024浙江1月卷】If your supermarket sells loose produce, then buying smaller quantities is easier. Over the last two years, some supermarkets have started selling chicken or salad in packs ____43____(design) with two halves containing separate portions (份). 48. 【 2023年全国乙卷】Beijing is a city bridging the ancient and the modern. From Buddhist temples to museums, narrow hutong toroyal palaces, it is home to more than 3,000 years of glorious history even down to its layout, with the city keeping its carefully ____42____(build) system of ring roads.... 49. 【2023年全国乙卷】She went right into the shower to washing it, but it was no use. 50. 【2023年新高考全国Ⅱ卷】They talk to the flood of international tourists and to ___40___(visit) Chinese 51. 【2023年新高考全国Ⅰ卷】To eat one, you have to decide whether ____37____(bite) a small hole in it first, releasing the stream and risking a spill (溢出), or to put the whole dumpling in your mouth, letting the hot soup explode on your tongue. 52. 【2023年新高考全国Ⅰ卷】Shanghai may be the ____39____(recognize) home of the soup dumplings but food historians will actually point you to the neighboring canal town of Nanxiang as Xiao long hao’s birthplace. 53. 【2023年新高考全国Ⅰ卷】Nanxiang aside, the best Xiao long bao have a fine skin, allowing them ____41____(lift) out of the steamer basket without allowing them tearing or spilling any of their contents. 54. 【2023年新高考全国Ⅰ卷】No matter where I buy them, one steamer is rarely enough, yet two seems greedy, so I am always left _____45_____(want) more next time. 55. 【2023年全国甲卷】For thousands of years, people have told fables (寓言) ___41___(teach) a lesson or to pass on wisdom 56. 【2023年全国甲卷】“There was once a town in the heart of America, where all life seemed to enjoy peaceful existence with its surroundings,” her fable begins, ___45___(borrow) some familiar words from many age-old fables. 57. 【2023年全国甲卷】Behind the simple style, however, is a serious message ___46___(intend) for everyone. 58. 【2023年浙江1月卷】In the Ming Dynasty, the center was the Forbidden City, 58 (surround)in concentric(同心的)circles by the Inner City and Outer City. 59. 【2023年北京卷】When ____14____(see) from afar, the mangrove forests appear more splendid. 60. 【2023年北京卷】She called for action ____19____(address)the struggles of people around the world ____20____(face) “too little water or too dirty water”. Her efforts have encouraged others to take part by running through a global campaign called “Run Blue”. 61. 【2022新高考I卷】__________(cover)an area about three times the size of Yellowstone National Park, the GPNP will be one of the first national parks in the country. 62. 【2022新高考I卷】The plan will extend protection to a significant number of areas that were previously unprotected, bringing many of the existing protected areas for giant pandas under one authority ___________ (increase) effectiveness and reduce inconsistencies in management. 63. 【2022全国甲卷】A visually-challenged man from Beijing recently hiked (徒步) 40 days to Xi’an, as a first step ___________ (journey) the Belt and Road route (路线) by foot. 64. 【2022全国甲卷】Inspired by the Belt and Road Forum for International Cooperation ___________ (hold) in Beijing, Cao decided to cover the route by hiking as a tribute (致敬) to the ancient Silk Road. 65. 【2022全国甲卷】He flew 4, 700 kilometers from Xi’an to Kashgar on Sept. 20, __________(plan) to hike back to Xi’an in five months. 66. 【2022全国乙卷】__________ (strengthen)the connection with young people, the event included a number of public promotional activities on social media, __________ (invite) twenty-nine tea professionals from around the world to have thirty-six hours of uninterrupted live broadcasts. 67. 【2022年浙江卷1月】That approach brought Cobb's air travel last year down by 75%, and she plans ____________（continue） the practice. "It has been fairly rewarding. ", she says, "a really positive change." 68. 【2022年新高考2卷】Henry Tyler made the catch of the year on the weekend. When he saw a young child hanging from a sixth-floor apartment balcony (阳台), Henry ran one hundred metres, jumped over a 1. 2-metre fence, and held out his arms to catch the ___36___ (fall)child. 69. 【2022年新高考2卷】Eric woke up a little later when he heard children playing outside. He pushed a chair onto the balcony, and climbed up ___39___ (see) them. 70. 【2022年北京卷】As Helen walked on, she heard a man charging towards her. Fearful that he might have an intention ____12____(harm) her, Helen started to run. 71. 【2022年北京卷】Why do humans prefer some smells over others? One theory, increasingly ____14____ (support) by experts, suggests that smell preferences are learned. 72. 【2022年天津卷第二次】The city temperatures have returned from record low to normal, ________(allow) the citizens to enjoy the outdoors again. 73. 【2021新高考1卷】Though it is the only unnatural thing on your way up the mountain, still it highlights the whole adventure andoffers a place where you can sit down to rest your 8 (ache) legs. 74. 【2021全国甲卷】 It is possible 3 (walk) or bike the entire 14 kilometers. 75. 【2021全国甲卷】After 4 (spend) some time looking at all the defensive equipment at the wall, we decided it was time for some action and what better than to ride on a piece of history! 76. 【2021全国乙卷】Minimize the impact of 7 (visit) the place. 77. 【2021全国乙卷】Activities there range from whale watching to hiking and accommodations aim 10 (have) a low impact on the natural environment. 78. 【2021.6 浙江卷】Mary's sister, Frances Todd Wallace, often came over 8 (plant) flowers in the front yard. 79. 【2021.1 浙江卷】In 1985, urban men and women in more than three quarters of the countries 7 (study) had higher BMIs than men and women in rural areas. 80. 【2021.1 浙江卷】This may be due to some disadvantages for people 9 (live) in the countryside, including lower levels of income and education, higher costs of healthy foods, and fewer sports facilities. 81. 【2021年天津卷第一次】While rock-climbing, you need to remain very ________ (focus) so that you won't make any dangerous errors. 82. 【2021年天津卷第一次】China's National Highway 318, ________(extend) over 5,000 kilometers from Shanghai to Zhangmu, Tibet, is known as the "heavenly road“ for its amazing views. 83. （2024年全国甲卷）The atmosphere there made the meal all the more ______(enjoy). 84. (2021八省联考) While many of your trusted relatives and peers (同龄人) may have very_____ (value) advice that can help you to make the decision, finally the choice is yours and yours alone. 85. (2021八省联考) Only you can fully realize which aspects of a college will make you truly happy and _____ (satisfy), so keep that at the front of your mind. 86. (2020全国II卷) Chinese New Year is a ____ (celebrate) marking the end of the winter season and the beginning of spring. 87. ( 2018 全国 II 卷 )This switch has decreased_________ (pollute) in the country’s major lakes and reservoirs and made drinking water safer for people. 88. (2019年全国III )When they were free from work，they invited us to local events and let us know of an interesting _______（compete）to watch，together with the story behind it. 89. 【2019年全国Ⅰ卷】In recent years some Inuit people in Nunavut have reported increases in bear sightings around human settlements, leading to a ________(believe) that populations are increasing. 90. (2016全国II) Then, handle the most important tasks first so you’ll feel a real sense of ________ (achieve). 91. （2024浙江卷一月）Many supermarkets are no longer doing “buy one get one free” promotions because of the ___60___ (criticize) that they lead to waste. 92. （2024九省联考卷）He is happy with the ___42___(improve) he sees in his students’ writing and in his own writing. 93. （2023新高考II卷）Since June 2017, right before the 11 (arrive) of the two new pandas, Meng Meng and Jiao Qing, I have been helping the panda keepers at the zoo to feel more comfortable. 94. (2021新高考II卷语法填空) A company __________(represent) wrote back and told me the airline was switching over from plastic to paper cups on all of its 1,200 daily flights. 95. ( 2014年新课标Ⅱ)There were many people waiting at the bus stop, and some of them looked very anxious and______(63) (disappoint). 96. （2016年新课标卷Ⅰ）Chengdu has dozens of new millionaires, Asia’s biggest building, and fancy new hotels. But for tourists like me, pandas are its top ______(61) (attract). 97. (2017年新课标卷Ⅱ) This development was only possible with the______(69) (introduce) of electric-powered engines. 98. （2018年新课标Ⅰ）To avoid knee pain, you can run on soft surfaces, do exercises to ______(68) (strength)your leg muscles(肌肉),avoid hills and get good running shoes. 99. (2022年全国乙卷)As a main promoter of the International Tea Day, the birthplace of tea and the largest tea-producing country, China has a ______(65)(responsible) to work with other countries to promote the healthy development of the tea industry. 100. (2021年全国乙卷) It is different from traditional tourism because it allows the traveler to become ______(61)(educate) about the areas - both in terms of geographical conditions and cultural characteristics, and often provides money for conservation and benefits the development of the local areas. 101. (2024新课标II卷)Although they could never have met, there are common ________(theme) in their works, said Paul Edmondson, head of research for the Shakespeare Birthplace Trust. 102. (2024新课标I卷)These plants included modern Western ________(favourite) such as rosemary, lavender and fennel. 103. (2023新课标II卷)They also need to be ready to give ________(interview) in English with international journalists. 104. (2022新课标I卷)The GPNP’s main goal is to improve connectivity between separate ________(population) and homes of giant pandas. 105. (2023浙江1月卷)Thanks to Beijing’s long history as capital of China, almost every hutong has its stories, and some are even associated with historic ________(event). 106. (2021新课标I卷)The rolling sea of clouds you see once you are at the top will remind you how tiny we ________(human) are. 107. (2020浙江卷)Later, they learned to work with the ________(season), planting at the right time and, in dry areas, making use of annual floods to irrigate(灌溉) their fields. 108. (2020浙江卷1月)For Japan, the ________(number) are more striking-22 in 1950, 46 today and 53 in 2050. 109.【2023年新高考全国Ⅱ卷】So, what are they learning? ________basic), how to describe a panda’s life. 110.【2023年新高考全国Ⅰ卷】No matter where I buy them, one steamer is ________ (rare) enough, yet two seems greedy. 111.【2023年浙江1月卷】The term “hutong”,    ________   (original)meaning “water well” in Mongolian, appeared first during the Yuan Dynasty. 112.【2022新高考I卷】 The GPNP’s main goal is to improve connectivity between separate populations and homes of giant pandas, and __________ (eventual)achieve a desired level of population in the wild. 113.【2021新高考1卷】The hot spring at the foot of the mountain is something you must try after the climb. It will     ________ (undoubted) help you get refreshed! 114.【2021全国甲卷】Supposedly you can do it in two hours, but we stopped at the different gates and watchtowers to take pictures or just to watch the local people going about their  ________  (day) routines. 115.【2021.1 浙江卷】 But 30 years later, the BMI difference between urban and rural people in many countries had narrowed  ________   (sharp). 116.【2020年新课标Ⅰ】Landing on the moon’s far side is 62.  (extreme) challenging. 117.【2020年新课标Ⅲ】As the small boat moved, 68.  (gentle) along the river he was left speechless by the mountains being silently reflected in the water. 118.【2020年浙江卷1月】 This is___62___(particular)true in the US. The second reason is that people are living longer. 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 名词复数、动词-ing形式、动词-ed形式以及副词-ly形式的变化规则总结 一、名词复数变化规则 规则变化 ▊  1.一般情况下加-s    如：book--books（书） desk--desks（书桌）   ▊  2.以s ,x ,ch , sh结尾加-es   如：box--boxes（盒子） bus--buses(公共汽车)   注意：①以 th 结尾加-s, month--months  ②stomach--stomachs   ▊  3.以辅音字母+结尾，变y为i再加- es。  如city--cities(城市)  country--countries(国家)   注意：以元音+y，直接加s。如：day--days(天)，boy--boys(男孩)   ▊  4.以f或fe结尾，复数变f或 fe 为v再加-es   如：knife-knives(书) ,  half-halves(一半)  (thief ,wife ,life ,shelf ,knife ,leaf ,self ,half ,wolf)   注意：①有少数词后直接加s，如roof-roofs (屋顶)   ▊  5.以o结尾   (1)辅音字母加o结尾名词的加-es  如tomato-tomatoes(西红杮)  potato-potatoes(土豆)   (2) 元音字母加o结尾名词的加-s  如piano-pianos (钢琴),  zoo-zoos(动物园)  photo-photos (照片),  kangaroo-kangaroos(袋鼠)  kilo-kilos(千克)   注意：zero 两种方式都可：zero-zeros或 zeroes(零)   不规则变化 ▊  1.元音字母发变化。  如：man--men(男人) ， woman--women(妇女)  tooth--teeth(牙齿)  ， foot--feet(脚)  mouse--mice(老鼠)  ， policeman--policemen(警察)  policewoman--policewomen(女警察)   ▊  2.词尾发生变化。  如：child--children(小孩)  ， ox--oxen(公牛)  ▊  3.单、复数形式相同。  如：fish--fish(鱼) ，sheep--sheep(绵羊) ，deer--deer(鹿) ，chinese--chinese(中国人) ，yuan--yuan(元) ，jinn--jinn(斤)   注意：①不说an English，要说an Englishman.  ②fish作鱼肉讲时不可数，没有复数；fishes指各种不同种类鱼或指几条鱼。  ▊  4. 形似单数，实为复数意义。   如：people(人，人们)these people  (不说a people，可说a person)  police(公安，警察)ten police  (不说a police，可说a policeman)   ▊  5.由man和woman构成的合成名词，变复数将名词及man或woman都变成复数。  如a man driver-men drivers(男司机)  a woman doctor-women doctors (女医生)   ▊  6. 合成名词变为复数时，通常只将里面所含的主体名词变为复数。  如passer-by-passers-by(过路人)  bus driver-bus drivers(汽车司机)   注意： ①如果没有主体名词，就在最后一词上加-s。如：grown-up-grown-ups(成年人)  letter-box-letter-boxes (信箱)   ②hair和fruit通常作单数，表示总体。若表示若干根头发或若干种水果，则需用这两个词的复数形式。 如： would you like some more fruit?  你要不要再吃点水果？  we bought a lot of fruit from the market.  我们从市场上买了许多水果 China has some good fruits.  中国有一些好的水果。(指种类)  she has a few white hairs.  她有几要白头发。  his black hair is going white.  他的黑发逐渐变成灰白色。 ③wind ,snow和rain这类词，有时也可以有复数形式，表示多次的风、雪或雨。  ④以boy 和girl开头的复合名词变成复数时，一般只把后一名词变成复数。如：boy student-boy students(男学生)  girlfriend--girlfriends(女朋友)   ▊  7.有些名词只有作复数。   如：scissors(剪刀) trousers(裤子) shorts(短裤) jeans(工装裤) compasses(两脚规) scales(天平) sunglasses(太阳镜) surroundings(环境) savings(储蓄) writings(作品)  二、动词-ing形式变化规则 1. 直接加-ing 大多数动词直接在词尾加-ing。 例：play → playing, read → reading, work → working。 2. 以不发音的e结尾去掉e再加-ing。 若e发音则保留。 例：write → writing, dance → dancing；但see → seeing（e发音）, agree → agreeing（同意） 3. 以“辅音+元音+辅音”结尾的重读闭音节 双写末尾辅音字母再加-ing。需满足单音节或重音在末音节。 例：run → running, swim → swimming, begin → beginning。 open → opening（打开）（重音在第一个音节，非最后一个音节） listen → listening（听）（词尾是“e（元音）+n（辅音）”，但重音不在最后一个音节） 备注：元音字母只有5个，分别是a e i o u.其他都是辅音字母。 4. 以-ie结尾 变ie为y再加-ing。 例：lie → lying, die → dying。 5. 以-y结尾 直接加-ing（无需变y为i）。 例：study → studying, carry → carrying。 三、+ed 变化规则 英语动词过去式中“-ed”的变化规则主要分为以下几种情况： 1. 一般情况：直接在动词原形后加“-ed”。 例如：work → worked, play → played, look → looked。 2. 以不发音的“e”结尾的动词：直接加“-d”。 例如：live → lived, like → liked, dance → danced。 3. 以“辅音字母 + y”结尾的动词：变“y”为“i”，再加“-ed”。 例如：study → studied, carry → carried, cry → cried。 若“y”前是元音字母（a/e/i/o/u），则直接加“-ed”，如：play → played。 4. 以重读闭音节结尾，且末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词：双写末尾辅音字母，再加“-ed”。 例如：stop → stopped, plan → planned, shop → shopped, prefer →preferred （重读闭音节指发音为“辅音+元音+辅音”，且重音在最后一个音节。） 发音规则： · 清辅音后发 /t/（如 /k/, /p/, /f/ 等结尾的动词，如 worked /wɜːkt/）。 · 浊辅音或元音后发 /d/（如 /b/, /g/, /v/ 等结尾的动词，如 lived /lɪvd/）。 · 在 /t/ 或 /d/ 后发 /d/（如 wanted /ˈwɒntɪd/）。 不规则动词的过去式需单独记忆，如 be → was/were, have → had, go → went 等。 四、副词-ly形式变化规则 1. 一般情况,多数形容词直接加-ly。 例： happy → happily, slow → slowly, wide → widely, fortunate → fortunately, immediate → immediately。 2. 以-le结尾结尾的，大多去掉e加y变成副词 simple-simply; terrible-terribly; horrible-horrible ；single-singly; gentle-gently; possible-possibly available → availably， true--truly 3. 以ic 结尾的词，加ally，如：如：economic-economically basic-basically;scientific-scientifically;automatic-automatically;energetic-energetically; 但是public-publicly 例外。 4. 以-y结尾的形容词,变y为i再加-ly。例：easy → easily, busy → busily, ·easy → easily, angry → angrily 5. 同形副词及其-ly形式的区别一些形容词本身可作副词（表示具体含义），其 -ly 形式则表示抽象或引申含义。 · deep / deeply deep: 指具体深度 (dive deep) deeply: 指情感深度 (deeply moved) ·wide / widely wide: 指具体宽度 (open wide) widely: 指范围广泛 (widely used) · close / closely close: 指距离近 (stand close) closely: 指仔细、严密 (watch closely) · hard / hardly hard: 努力地 (work hard) hardly: 几乎不 (hardly work) 特别注意： · Hard 和 Hardly  · He works hard. 他努力工作。  · He hardly works. 他几乎不工作。 · Late 和 Lately  · He arrived late. 他来晚了。  · What have you been doing lately? 你最近在做什么？ · High 和 Highly  · The plane flew high. 飞机飞得很高。  · He is a highly skilled worker. 他是一位高度熟练的工人。 练习： 1. 【2024九省联考卷】Fountain pens __________ (use) in schools long ago and have been regaining popularity lately because they are refillable. 2. 【2024新课标Ⅰ卷】Further, the Silk Route Garden around the greenhouse ____60____ (walk) visitors through a journey influenced by the ancient Silk Road, by which silk as well as many plant species came to Britain for the first time. 3. 【2024全国甲卷】 They ____44____（be）part of a 15-member exploring party that had spent almost five awesome weeks in witness of the natural beauties there. 4. 【2024新课标ⅠⅠ卷】 “Some of the things that Tang was writing about ___38___ (be)also Shakespeare’s concerns. 5. 【2024新课标ⅠⅠ卷】Two years later, a six-meter-tall pavilion, inspired by The Peony Pavilion, ___41___ (build)at the Firs Garden, just ten minutes’ walk from Shakespeare’s birthplace. 6. 【2024北京卷】On April 5, 2024, John Tinniswood ___15___ (name) the world’s oldest living man. 7. 【2024北京卷】 My heart went out to him, and I ___20___ (jog) over to him. As I handed him the glasses, he looked at me and said, “Thanks!” 8. 【2024浙江1月卷】However, though it’s nice to get a few cents off a pack of sausages, it would help even more if they could sometimes ____41____ (offer) in smaller packs. Even the biggest sausage fan doesn’t want to eat them every day. 9. 【2024浙江1月卷】If your supermarket sells loose produce, then buying smaller quantities is easier. Over the last two years, some supermarkets ____42____ (start) selling chicken or salad in packs designed with two halves containing separate portions (份). 10. 【2023年全国乙卷】Having visited several times over the last 10 years, I ____47____ (amaze) by the co-existence of old and new. 11. 【2023年新高考全国Ⅱ卷】As a little girl, I ___45___ (wish) to be a zookeeper when I grew up. 12. 【2023年全国甲卷】 Carson proves that a simple literal form that has been passed down through the ages can still ____50____ (employ) today to draw attention to important truths. 13. 【2023年全国甲卷】I used to be afraid of insects, but last Friday’ s biology class ______(make) a big change in me.... 14. 【2023年全国甲卷】 In the evening, when I take a walk in the school garden, the singing of insects _______(become) more meaningful to me. 15. 【2023年浙江1月卷】Citizens of higher social classes 59 (permit)to live closer to the center of the circles. 16. 【2023年浙江1月卷】The large siheyuan of these high-ranking officials and wealthy businessmen often 60 (feature)beautifully carved and painted roof beams and pillars(柱子). 17. 【2023年北京卷】For these reasons, they are praised as “coastal guardians”. Up to now, China ____16____(establish) a number of protected areas with mangroves. 18. 【2022新高考I卷】The plan will extend protection to a significant number of areas that __________ (be)previously unprotected....After a three-year pilot period, the GPNP will be officially set up next year. 19. 【2022新高考I卷】The GPNP __________ (design)to reflect the guiding principle of “protecting the authenticity and integrity(完整性)of natural ecosystems, preserving biological diversity, protecting ecological buffer zones, and leaving behind precious natural assets(资产)for future generations”. 20. 【2022全国甲卷】In the last five years, Cao ___________ (walk) through 34 countries in six continents 21. 【2022全国乙卷】The chairman of the China Culture Promotion Society ___________ (address) the opening ceremony. 22. 【2022年浙江卷1月】Travelling to conferences, lectures, workshops, and the like frequently by plane ________（view） as important for scientists to get together and exchange information. 23. 【2022年浙江卷1月】But Cobb and others ________ （be） now questioning that idea pushing conferences to provide more chances to participate remotely. 24. 【2022年浙江卷1月】Many of them climate scientists __________ （promise） to fly as little as possible since the effort started two years ago. 25. 【2022年新高考2卷】Henry ___42___ (fix) his car when he heard the screams. 26. 【2022年新高考2卷】He looked up and saw Eric hanging from the balcony. He quickly ___43___ (throw) his tools aside, and started running, arms out. 27. 【2022年北京卷】 Eventually, the man ____13____ (catch) up with her, and he was only trying to return her wallet! 28. 【2022年北京卷】 This has been adopted to ensure easier detection of gas leaks. Gas naturally ____16____ (have) no recognizable smell. 29. 【2022年北京卷】The use of those plastics ____20____ (increase) by 300% since 2019. The world won’t survive if this situation continues. 30. 【2022年天津卷第二次】 Food and medical supplies________ (distribute ) to all the residents after the hurricane last Sunday. 31. 【2022年天津卷第二次】Critical reasoning, together with problem-solving, ________(prepare) teenagers to make better decisions. 32. 【2022年天津卷第二次】The children failed to hide their disappointment when they found out the school________(cancel) the party. A. cancels B. will cancel 33. （2021新高考I卷）What comes next is the endless series of steps. You can’t help wondering how hard it _________ (be) for the people then to put all those rocks into place. 34. （2021北京卷）As it _________ (connect) things, your brain turns them into a story, and you get a dream. 35. （2021全国甲卷）The Xi'an City Wall is the most complete city wall that has survived China's long history. It _________ (build) originally to protect the city in the Tang dynasty and has now been completely restored (修复). 36. （2021浙江1月卷）It is calculated by dividing a person’s weight in kg by their height in meters squared, and a BMI of between 19 and 25 _________ (consider) healthy. 37. （2021浙江卷）Mary’s niece wrote, "The little home _________ (paint) white. It was sweet and fresh. Mary loved it. She was extremely pretty, and her house was a reflection of herself, everything in good taste and in perfect order. 38. 【2024新课标Ⅰ卷】These sepals open on warm days ____58____ (give) the inside plants sunshine and fresh air. 39. 【2024全国甲卷】Although parks of all sizes and types exist at any level, the national parks, in particular, tend____41____（catch）our attention because of their large size and variety. 40. 【2024新课标ⅠⅠ卷】Two years later, a six-meter-tall pavilion, ___40___ (inspire)by The Peony Pavilion, was built at the Firs Garden, just ten minutes’ walk from Shakespeare’s birthplace. 41. 【2024新课标ⅠⅠ卷】Those cultural elements have increased Stratford’s international visibility, said Edmondson, adding that visitors walking through the Birthplace Garden were often amazed ___43___(find)the connection between the two great writers. 42. 【2024新课标ⅠⅠ卷】__44___ (recall)watching a Chinese opera version of Shakespeare’s play Richard III in Shanghai and meeting Chinese actors who came to Stratford a few years ago to perform parts of The Peony Pavilion, Edmondson said, “It was very exciting to hear the Chinese language and see how Tang’s play was being performed.” 43. 【2024北京卷】 Slowing down can contribute significantly to personal growth. Taking the time ___11___ (rest) allows us to develop a deeper sense of self-awareness. 44. 【2024北京卷】 When we slow down, we create space to reflect on our thoughts and emotions, which helps us identify important areas of our lives and gives us the opportunity _____( make ) right choices. 45. 【2024北京卷】 Just then, some kids ran at him, ___19___ (knock) his books out of his arms. His glasses went flying and landed in the grass. 46. 【2024浙江1月卷】The shelves in most supermarkets are full of family-size this and multi-buy that. However, if you’re shopping for one, buying extra ____36____ (benefit) from price reductions doesn’t make sense. 47. 【2024浙江1月卷】If your supermarket sells loose produce, then buying smaller quantities is easier. Over the last two years, some supermarkets have started selling chicken or salad in packs ____43____(design) with two halves containing separate portions (份). 48. 【 2023年全国乙卷】Beijing is a city bridging the ancient and the modern. From Buddhist temples to museums, narrow hutong toroyal palaces, it is home to more than 3,000 years of glorious history even down to its layout, with the city keeping its carefully ____42____(build) system of ring roads.... 49. 【2023年全国乙卷】She went right into the shower to washing it, but it was no use. 50. 【2023年新高考全国Ⅱ卷】They talk to the flood of international tourists and to ___40___(visit) Chinese 51. 【2023年新高考全国Ⅰ卷】To eat one, you have to decide whether ____37____(bite) a small hole in it first, releasing the stream and risking a spill (溢出), or to put the whole dumpling in your mouth, letting the hot soup explode on your tongue. 52. 【2023年新高考全国Ⅰ卷】Shanghai may be the ____39____(recognize) home of the soup dumplings but food historians will actually point you to the neighboring canal town of Nanxiang as Xiao long hao’s birthplace. 53. 【2023年新高考全国Ⅰ卷】Nanxiang aside, the best Xiao long bao have a fine skin, allowing them ____41____(lift) out of the steamer basket without allowing them tearing or spilling any of their contents. 54. 【2023年新高考全国Ⅰ卷】No matter where I buy them, one steamer is rarely enough, yet two seems greedy, so I am always left _____45_____(want) more next time. 55. 【2023年全国甲卷】For thousands of years, people have told fables (寓言) ___41___(teach) a lesson or to pass on wisdom 56. 【2023年全国甲卷】“There was once a town in the heart of America, where all life seemed to enjoy peaceful existence with its surroundings,” her fable begins, ___45___(borrow) some familiar words from many age-old fables. 57. 【2023年全国甲卷】Behind the simple style, however, is a serious message ___46___(intend) for everyone. 58. 【2023年浙江1月卷】In the Ming Dynasty, the center was the Forbidden City, 58 (surround)in concentric(同心的)circles by the Inner City and Outer City. 59. 【2023年北京卷】When ____14____(see) from afar, the mangrove forests appear more splendid. 60. 【2023年北京卷】She called for action ____19____(address)the struggles of people around the world ____20____(face) “too little water or too dirty water”. Her efforts have encouraged others to take part by running through a global campaign called “Run Blue”. 61. 【2022新高考I卷】__________(cover)an area about three times the size of Yellowstone National Park, the GPNP will be one of the first national parks in the country. 62. 【2022新高考I卷】The plan will extend protection to a significant number of areas that were previously unprotected, bringing many of the existing protected areas for giant pandas under one authority ___________ (increase) effectiveness and reduce inconsistencies in management. 63. 【2022全国甲卷】A visually-challenged man from Beijing recently hiked (徒步) 40 days to Xi’an, as a first step ___________ (journey) the Belt and Road route (路线) by foot. 64. 【2022全国甲卷】Inspired by the Belt and Road Forum for International Cooperation ___________ (hold) in Beijing, Cao decided to cover the route by hiking as a tribute (致敬) to the ancient Silk Road. 65. 【2022全国甲卷】He flew 4, 700 kilometers from Xi’an to Kashgar on Sept. 20, __________(plan) to hike back to Xi’an in five months. 66. 【2022全国乙卷】__________ (strengthen)the connection with young people, the event included a number of public promotional activities on social media, __________ (invite) twenty-nine tea professionals from around the world to have thirty-six hours of uninterrupted live broadcasts. 67. 【2022年浙江卷1月】That approach brought Cobb's air travel last year down by 75%, and she plans ____________（continue） the practice. "It has been fairly rewarding. ", she says, "a really positive change." 68. 【2022年新高考2卷】Henry Tyler made the catch of the year on the weekend. When he saw a young child hanging from a sixth-floor apartment balcony (阳台), Henry ran one hundred metres, jumped over a 1. 2-metre fence, and held out his arms to catch the ___36___ (fall)child. 69. 【2022年新高考2卷】Eric woke up a little later when he heard children playing outside. He pushed a chair onto the balcony, and climbed up ___39___ (see) them. 70. 【2022年北京卷】As Helen walked on, she heard a man charging towards her. Fearful that he might have an intention ____12____(harm) her, Helen started to run. 71. 【2022年北京卷】Why do humans prefer some smells over others? One theory, increasingly ____14____ (support) by experts, suggests that smell preferences are learned. 72. 【2022年天津卷第二次】The city temperatures have returned from record low to normal, ________(allow) the citizens to enjoy the outdoors again. 73. 【2021新高考1卷】Though it is the only unnatural thing on your way up the mountain, still it highlights the whole adventure andoffers a place where you can sit down to rest your 8 (ache) legs. 74. 【2021全国甲卷】 It is possible 3 (walk) or bike the entire 14 kilometers. 75. 【2021全国甲卷】After 4 (spend) some time looking at all the defensive equipment at the wall, we decided it was time for some action and what better than to ride on a piece of history! 76. 【2021全国乙卷】Minimize the impact of 7 (visit) the place. 77. 【2021全国乙卷】Activities there range from whale watching to hiking and accommodations aim 10 (have) a low impact on the natural environment. 78. 【2021.6 浙江卷】Mary's sister, Frances Todd Wallace, often came over 8 (plant) flowers in the front yard. 79. 【2021.1 浙江卷】In 1985, urban men and women in more than three quarters of the countries 7 (study) had higher BMIs than men and women in rural areas. 80. 【2021.1 浙江卷】This may be due to some disadvantages for people 9 (live) in the countryside, including lower levels of income and education, higher costs of healthy foods, and fewer sports facilities. 81. 【2021年天津卷第一次】While rock-climbing, you need to remain very ________ (focus) so that you won't make any dangerous errors. 82. 【2021年天津卷第一次】China's National Highway 318, ________(extend) over 5,000 kilometers from Shanghai to Zhangmu, Tibet, is known as the "heavenly road“ for its amazing views. 83. （2024年全国甲卷）The atmosphere there made the meal all the more ______(enjoy) 84. (2021八省联考) While many of your trusted relatives and peers (同龄人) may have very_____ (value) advice that can help you to make the decision, finally the choice is yours and yours alone. 85. (2021八省联考) Only you can fully realize which aspects of a college will make you truly happy and _____ (satisfy), so keep that at the front of your mind. 86. (2020全国II卷) Chinese New Year is a ____ (celebrate) marking the end of the winter season and the beginning of spring. 87. ( 2018 全国 II 卷 )This switch has decreased_________ (pollute) in the country’s major lakes and reservoirs and made drinking water safer for people. 88. (2019年全国III )When they were free from work，they invited us to local events and let us know of an interesting _______（compete）to watch，together with the story behind it. 89. 【2019年全国Ⅰ卷】In recent years some Inuit people in Nunavut have reported increases in bear sightings around human settlements, leading to a ________(believe) that populations are increasing. 90. (2016全国II) Then, handle the most important tasks first so you’ll feel a real sense of ________ (achieve). 91. （2024浙江卷一月）Many supermarkets are no longer doing “buy one get one free” promotions because of the ___60___ (criticize) that they lead to waste. 92. （2024九省联考卷）He is happy with the ___42___(improve) he sees in his students’ writing and in his own writing. 93. （2023新高考II卷）Since June 2017, right before the 11 (arrive) of the two new pandas, Meng Meng and Jiao Qing, I have been helping the panda keepers at the zoo to feel more comfortable. 94. (2021新高考II卷语法填空) A company __________(represent) wrote back and told me the airline was switching over from plastic to paper cups on all of its 1,200 daily flights. 95. ( 2014年新课标Ⅱ)There were many people waiting at the bus stop, and some of them looked very anxious and______(63) (disappoint). 96. （2016年新课标卷Ⅰ）Chengdu has dozens of new millionaires, Asia’s biggest building, and fancy new hotels. But for tourists like me, pandas are its top ______(61) (attract). 97. (2017年新课标卷Ⅱ) This development was only possible with the______(69) (introduce) of electric-powered engines and lifts. 98. （2018年新课标Ⅰ）To avoid knee pain, you can run on soft surfaces, do exercises to ______(68) (strength)your leg muscles(肌肉),avoid hills and get good running shoes. 99. (2022年全国乙卷)As a main promoter of the International Tea Day, the birthplace of tea and the largest tea-producing country, China has a ______(65)(responsible) to work with other countries to promote the healthy development of the tea industry. 100. (2021年全国乙卷) It is different from traditional tourism because it allows the traveler to become ______(61)(educate) about the areas - both in terms of geographical conditions and cultural characteristics, and often provides money for conservation and benefits the development of the local areas. 101. (2024新课标II卷)Although they could never have met, there are common ________(theme) in their works, said Paul Edmondson, head of research for the Shakespeare Birthplace Trust. 102. (2024新课标I卷)These plants included modern Western ________(favourite) such as rosemary, lavender and fennel. 103. (2023新课标II卷)They also need to be ready to give ________(interview) in English with international journalists. 104. (2022新课标I卷)The GPNP’s main goal is to improve connectivity between separate ________(population) and homes of giant pandas. 105. (2023浙江1月卷)Thanks to Beijing’s long history as capital of China, almost every hutong has its stories, and some are even associated with historic ________(event). 106. (2021新课标I卷)The rolling sea of clouds you see once you are at the top will remind you how tiny we ________(human) are. 107. (2020浙江卷)Later, they learned to work with the ________(season), planting at the right time and, in dry areas, making use of annual floods to irrigate(灌溉) their fields. 108. (2020浙江卷1月)For Japan, the ________(number) are more striking-22 in 1950, 46 today and 53 in 2050. 109.【2023年新高考全国Ⅱ卷】So, what are they learning? ___43___(basic), how to describe a panda’s life. 110.【2023年新高考全国Ⅰ卷】No matter where I buy them, one steamer is ____44____(rare) enough, yet two seems greedy. 111.【2023年浙江1月卷】The term “hutong”,     57    (original)meaning “water well” in Mongolian, appeared first during the Yuan Dynasty. 112.【2022新高考I卷】 The GPNP’s main goal is to improve connectivity between separate populations and homes of giant pandas, and __________ (eventual)achieve a desired level of population in the wild. 113.【2021新高考1卷】The hot spring at the foot of the mountain is something you must try after the climb. It will      3      (undoubted) help you get refreshed! 114.【2021全国甲卷】Supposedly you can do it in two hours, but we stopped at the different gates and watchtowers to take pictures or just to watch the local people going about their      10      (day) routines. 115.【2021.1 浙江卷】 But 30 years later, the BMI difference between urban and rural people in many countries had narrowed      8      (sharp). 116.【2020年新课标Ⅰ】Landing on the moon’s far side is 62.  (extreme) challenging. 117.【2020年新课标Ⅲ】As the small boat moved, 68.  (gentle) along the river he was left speechless by the mountains being silently reflected in the water. 118.【2020年浙江卷1月】 This is___62___(particular)true in the US. The second reason is that people are living longer. 参考答案： 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1. were used 2. 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Covering 62. to increase 63. to journey 64. held 65. planning 66. inviting 67. to continue 68. falling 69. to see 70. to harm 71. supported 72. allowing 73. aching 74. to walk 75. spending 76. visiting 77. to have 78. to plant 79. studied 80. living 81. focused 82. extending 83. enjoyable 84. valuable 85. satisfied 86. celebration 87. pollution 88. competition 89. belief 90. achievement 91. criticism 92. improvement 93. arrival 94. representative 95. disappointed 96. attraction 97. introduction 98. strengthen 99. Responsibility 100. educated 101.  themes 102.  favourites 103.  interviews 104.populations 105.events 106.humans 107.seasons 108.numbers 109. Basically 110. rarely 111. originally 112. eventually 113. undoubtedly 114. daily 115. sharply 116. extremely 117. gently 118. particularly $