语法专题2 第2讲 非谓语动词（教师用书Word）-【正禾一本通】2026年新高考英语高三一轮总复习高效讲义（外研版）

该高中英语讲义紧扣非谓语动词高考核心考点，系统梳理其句法功能（状语、定语、宾补等）及形式变化，通过表格对比动词不定式、动名词、分词的时态语态及语法功能，构建清晰知识网络。教学流程涵盖考法洞悉（2023-2024真题示例）、考点精讲（分功能突破）、方法指导（逻辑主语分析等）、分层微练（单句填空与写作应用），助力学生系统突破难点。 资料以真题为导向，创新融合语法与写作实战，如“语法与写作微练”环节结合2024新课标写作真题，引导学生用非谓语动词优化表达，提升语言能力。通过对比分析不同非谓语动词功能差异，培养学生逻辑思维品质，设置“小题微练”分层练习即时巩固。为教师提供精准复习路径，有效提升学生应考能力，把控复习节奏。

第二讲　非谓语动词 高考考法洞悉 零距离接触高考题 高考技巧点拨 1.(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)These sepals open on warm days to give (give) the inside plants sunshine and fresh air.In cold weather，the structure stays closed (close) to protect the plants. 2．(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)Two years later，a six­meter­tall pavilion，inspired (inspire) by The Peony Pavilion，was built at the Firs Garden... 3．(2023·全国甲卷)For thousands of years，people have told fables (寓言) to teach (teach) a lesson or to pass on wisdom. 考查非谓语动词的句法功能(状语、定语、宾语、宾语补足语、主语和表语)： 1．判断非谓语动词在句中所作的成分； 2．作定语、状语和宾语补足语时，需要找出其逻辑主语或所修饰的词，确定其具体的形式； 3．作主语、宾语使用动名词和动词不定式； 4．作表语使用现在分词、过去分词和动词不定式。 考点一　非谓语动词的形式及句法功能 种类 时态 主动 被动 主语 宾语 宾补 表语 定语 状语 动词不定式 一般式 to do to bedone √ √ √ √ √ √ 进行式 to bedoing × 完成式 to havedone to havebeen done 动名词 一般式 doing being done √ √ √ √ 完成式 having done having been done 分词 现在分词 一般式 doing being done √ √ √ √ 完成式 having done having been done √ √ √ √ 过去分词 一般式 done(vt.) √ √ √ √ 考点二　非谓语动词作状语 1．动词不定式作状语，表示目的、结果、原因等 (1)作目的状语，有时用in order to或so as to。 We will continue our campaign to prevent and control air pollution to make our sky blue again. 我们将继续我们的运动，以预防和控制空气污染，使我们的天空再次变得蔚蓝。 (2)表示出乎意料的结果，经常与only连用。 I reached the station only to find my train had already left. 我到了车站，却发现我要搭乘的火车已经开走了。 (3)作原因状语，此时常与表示情感的形容词连用，如glad，happy，frightened，surprised 等。 I am frightened to find that in front of my door sits a dog. 我惊恐地发现门前坐着一只狗。 学生用书第321页 2．现在分词作状语 现在分词作状语，常表原因、伴随、时间、结果等，与句子主语之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系。 Like ancient sailors，birds can find their way using the sun and the stars. 像古代的船员一样，鸟类可以利用太阳和星星找到它们的路。 3．过去分词作状语 过去分词作状语，与句子主语之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系。 Wrapped in a warm blanket，Lizzy sits beside her family，looking at her mom on the bed. 裹着一条温暖的毯子，利齐坐在家人身边，看着床上的妈妈。 4．独立主格结构 (1)构成：名词/代词＋形容词/副词/介词短语/过去分词/现在分词/动词不定式。 (2)特点：①独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同，它独立存在；②独立主格结构中作逻辑主语的名词或代词与后面的分词是逻辑上的主谓或动宾关系； ③它表示谓语动词发生的时间、原因、条件或伴随情况等，相当于一个状语从句或并列句。 The work done(＝After the work had been done)，we went home. 工作完成后，我们就回家了。 Weather permitting(＝If weather permits)，they will go on an outing to the beach tomorrow. 如果天气允许的话，他们明天将去海滩郊游。 He is lying on the grass，his hands crossed under his head(＝and his hands are crossed under his head). 他正躺在草地上，双手交叉放在头下。 [小题微练1]——单句语法填空 1．Old folks and their grandchildren stuck out their heads from windows，watching (watch) the performance. 2．To remember (remember) all the questions you have when you are not in the doctor's office，write them down and bring the list with you to your appointment. 3．He hurried to the station，only to be informed (inform) that the train had left. 4．He used to be addicted to electronic devices and stay up late every night，trapped (trap) in an unhealthy daily routine. 考点三　非谓语动词作定语 1．动词不定式作定语 (1)动词不定式作定语通常置于所修饰的名词或代词之后，与所修饰的词之间构成逻辑上的主谓或动宾关系。 I can't think of any good advice to give her. 我想不出任何好的建议给她。 (2)当名词或代词被序数词、形容词的最高级、the last、the only等修饰，且动作与其逻辑主语为主动关系时，常用动词不定式作定语。 You're the first exchange student to win this honor. 你是第一个获此殊荣的交换生。 (3)当被修饰词是表示抽象意义的名词时，常用动词不定式的主动形式作后置定语，常见的此类名词有ability，chance，idea，plan，way，opportunity等。 As long as you grasp every opportunity and take full advantage of it，you will stand a chance to realize your dreams. 只要你抓住每一次机会，并充分利用它，你就有机会实现梦想。 2．现在分词作定语 该动词与被修饰的名词之间为主动关系，或用来表示正在进行的动作时，用现在分词。 The questions weighing on my mind were answered. 萦绕在我心头的问题得到了回答。 [名师点津]　被修饰的名词与动词之间为被动关系且表示正在进行时，用现在分词的被动形式作定语。 The building being decorated there will be used as a stadium. 那边正在装修的建筑物将会用作体育场。 3．过去分词作定语 过去分词作定语，与被修饰的名词之间是逻辑上的动宾关系。 学生用书第322页 What's more，we should attach importance to our visual health and control the time spent on electronic devices. 更重要的是，我们应该重视我们的视觉健康，控制花在电子设备上的时间。 [小题微练2]——单句语法填空 1．A comprehensive exhibition on Su Shi，a Chinese culture symbol person living (live) in the 11th century，opened at China's Palace Museum on September 1st. 2．In my everyday life，I am on an ongoing journey to figure out different ways to reduce (reduce) my carbon footprint on the planet. 3．The question being discussed (discuss) now is very important. 4．They find comfort among the shelves packed (pack) high with books and appreciate the smiling faces of librarians eager to help. 5．When we got a call saying (say) she was short­listed，we thought it was a joke. 考点四　非谓语动词作宾语补足语 1．部分感官动词和短语(如see，watch，observe，notice，look at，hear，listen to，feel)后的宾语补足语有三种常见的非谓语动词形式(do，doing，done)。do表示主动和完成(被动句中动词不定式符号to要还原)，doing表示主动或正在进行，done 表示被动或完成。 As I approached them，I noticed the pair dragging their feet and running forward awkwardly with their shoes wet. 当我走近他们时，我注意到两人拖着脚，湿着鞋笨拙地向前跑。 2．使役动词后面的宾语补足语。动词let，make，have，get，leave，keep后可接不同形式的非谓语动词作宾语补足语，同1类似。 On the contrary，those who let teenagers experience the consequences of their actions can do better. 相反，那些让青少年体会了他们行为后果的人能够做得更优秀。 They like the water in the pump so much that they have it delivered to their house every day. 他们很喜欢喝水泵抽上来的水，所以让人每天把水送到他们家。 3．常跟动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词有advise，allow，encourage，request，warn等。 They all have excellent skills，which will allow us to communicate and learn better and improve our skiing skills. 他们都有出色的技术，这将使我们更好地交流和学习，提高我们的滑雪技能。 4．with/without的复合结构：with/without＋名词＋doing (主动、进行)/done(被动、完成)/to do(目的、将来)。 Without anyone noticing，I stole into the room. 没有人注意，我偷偷溜进了房间。 [小题微练3]——单句语法填空 1．Fu believes it was his scientific approach to training that enabled him to overcome (overcome) those difficulties and reach his destination. 2．With such a short time left (leave) before the deadline，it doesn't seem likely that John will finish the job. 3．With a lot of difficult problems to settle (settle)，he can't get home early. 4．Not seeing or hearing any fire engines approaching (approach)，Grant rushed to a side entrance and ran up the stairs. 5．Don't leave the water running (run) while you brush your teeth. 考点五　非谓语动词作主语、宾语和表语 1．作主语：动名词和动词不定式 (1)动名词作主语表示一般的、抽象的或习惯性的动作；动词不定式作主语表示具体的、一次性的或含有将来意味的动作。 Dancing and skating are my hobbies，and I also like to read short stories. 跳舞和溜冰是我的爱好，同时我也喜欢读短篇小说。 To complete the programme needs much effort. 要完成这个计划需要付出很多努力。 (2)it作形式主语，代替真正作主语的动词不定式或动名词。常见句型有：It is/was no use/good doing sth；It is/was not any use/good doing sth；It is/was 学生用书第323页 of little use/good doing sth; It is/was useless doing sth; It's a waste of time doing sth; It is easy/important/vital/necessary/difficult to do sth等。 It is no use trying to persuade such a stubborn person. 要说服这样一个固执的人是没有什么用处的。 2．作宾语：动名词和动词不定式 (1)只能跟动名词作宾语的动词(短语) ①喜欢考虑不避免(enjoy，consider，escape，avoid) ②不禁放弃太冒险(cannot help，give up，risk) ③感激承认很值得(appreciate，admit，worth) ④介意想象莫推延(mind，imagine，delay，put off) ⑤允许完成是期望(allow/permit，finish，look forward to) ⑥建议继续勤操练(suggest，go on，practise) ⑦致力原谅要坚持(be devoted to，excuse，insist on) ⑧继续成功不错过(keep on，succeed in，miss) The thief kept running to avoid being caught by the police. 小偷不停地跑以避免被警察抓住。 (2)只能跟动词不定式作宾语的动词(短语) ①三个希望两答应(hope，wish，expect，agree，promise) ②两个要求莫拒绝(demand，ask，refuse) ③设法学会做决定(manage，learn，decide/determine) ④不要假装在选择(pretend，choose/select) ⑤打算提出俩计划(intend，offer，plan，mean) ⑥申请失败负担起(apply，fail，afford) ⑦准备愿望又碰巧(prepare，desire，happen) ⑧此外threaten，can't wait to do sth等也要用动词不定式作宾语 At the same time，I decided to study harder rather than waste precious time on those useless things. 与此同时，我决定更努力地学习，而不是浪费宝贵的时间在那些无用的东西上。 [名师点津]　动词want，need，require作“需要”讲时，其后要用动名词或动词不定式的被动形式作宾语。与此用法相同的动词还有deserve(值得)。 (3)在动词(短语)learn，decide，know，wonder，show，tell，understand，explain，teach，advise，find out 等后常跟“疑问词＋动词不定式”结构作宾语。 (4)有些动词后既可跟动名词又可跟动词不定式作宾语，但意义不同，如remember，forget，regret，stop，go on，mean，start，begin，try等。 I mean to go，but my father would not allow me to. 我想去，但是我的父亲不允许我去。 To raise wage means increasing purchasing power. 提高工资意味着增加购买力。 3．作表语：现在分词、过去分词和动词不定式 现在分词作表语意为“令人感到……的”，而过去分词作表语意为“感到……的”。动词不定式作表语可以说明主语的具体内容。 The story sounds interesting. 这故事听起来很有趣。 She was exhausted. 她感到筋疲力尽。 Our goal is to win the medal. 我们的目标是赢得奖牌。 [小题微练4]——单句语法填空 1．Fortunately，nowadays it is much easier to make (make) eco­friendly lifestyle choices. 2．Being (be)with family and doing (do) things together can help. 3．What I want to do most in senior high is to improve (improve) my English. 4．There is no denying that China is one of the most successful countries in greening (green) the desert. 5．Eventually Deere expects to add (add) other tasks to the autonomous tractor. [语法与写作微练]——句子写作非谓语动词链接典题 1．(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷应用文写作)为了培养学生的艺术鉴赏力和创造力，我们的美术老师带我们去了附近的公园，让我们走进大自然的怀抱。 To develop students' artistic appreciation and creativity，our art teacher took the class to a nearby park，moving us into the embrace of nature． 学生用书第324页 2．(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷应用文写作)在课堂上，由于受到公园里令人惊叹的景色的启发，我心满意足地完成了我的山水画。 During the class，inspired by a breathtaking scene in the park，I completed my landscape painting with great satisfaction. 3．(2024·浙江1月卷读后续写)感觉绝望，伊娃开始对自己使用心灵把戏。 Feeling desperate，Eva started using a mind trick on herself. 4．(2024·九省联考卷读后续写)由于在水箱里什么也找不到，她从水里爬出来，正好看到凯瑟琳跳到另一边。 Finding nothing in the tank，she climbed out of the water just in time to see Katherine jumping in on the other side. 5．那天之后，托马斯收到了更多亲戚的来信，鼓励他勇敢地去做自己想做的事。 After that day，Thomas received more letters from relatives，encouraging him to be brave to do what he wanted． 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $