选择性必修第四册 Unit 5 Into the unknown（教师用书Word）-【正禾一本通】2026年新高考英语高三一轮总复习高效讲义（外研版）

Part 1　单元词汇…………………………分类自测 阅读词汇——语境识意 1.move upwards 　　　　　　向上移动 2.a famous pyramid 一座著名的金字塔 3.an uncharted rock 一块地图上没有标明的岩石 4.the tropical cyclone path 热带气旋路径 5.the downfall of the ancient city 这座古代城市的衰败 6.make a quick getaway　　　　迅速逃跑 7.subdue his fears 克制他的恐惧 8.a network of old canals 古老的运河网 9.a coral necklace 一串珊瑚项链 10.the contents of shipwrecks 沉船中的物品 拓展词汇——变形拼写 第一组：动词变形 1. abandon v．离弃，逃离→abandoned adj.被遗弃的；放纵的 2.bury v．将……埋在下面→burial n．埋葬；葬礼 adj.埋葬的 3.note v．注意；特别提到→notable adj.显要的；显著的；值得注意的→notably adv.尤其；特别 4.civilise v．使文明；教化→civilisation n．文明(社会)→civilised adj.文明的；开化的 5.drill v．钻(孔)；训练→drilling n．钻探；勘探 6.expand v．扩大，增加；发展(业务)→expansion n．扩大，增加 7.investigate v．调查→investigation n．调查→investigator n．调查者 第二组：名词变形 8.astronomy n．天文学→astronomer n．天文学家 9.ruin n．残垣断壁，废墟→ruined adj.毁坏的；严重受损的 名词后缀­ant 表示“人”。 ①serve服务→servant 仆人　②inhabit居住在→inhabitant 居民　③apply 申请→applicant 申请人　④assist帮助→assistant 助手　⑤attend 照顾→attendant 服务员　⑥contest 比赛→contestant 参赛者　⑦account 账户；账目→accountant会计　⑧participate 参加→participant参与者　⑨consult 咨询→consultant 顾问 ⑩immigrate 移居；移民→immigrant 移民；外侨　　 核心词汇——单句应用 1.(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)．..since we are increasingly using observational data to investigate (investigate) how species are responding to global change，I wanted to know：Are they usable？ 2.(2022·新高考Ⅱ卷)There's one notable (note) gap in my new­media experience，however... 3.(2021·天津3月卷)These expansions (expand) into new worlds help us by giving us new perspectives. 4.Some poisonous substances (substance) are flowing into the rivers that are sources of our drinking. 5.One dead child was found in the ruins (ruin) almost two hours after the explosion. 6.Civilisation (civilise) is the state of having an advanced level of social organization and a comfortable way of life. 学生用书第297页 7.After months of drilling (drill)，oil was found off the coast. 8.The game was also notable (note) for the unexpected behavior of the team's manager. 9.The kind woman decided to take care of the cats abandoned (abandon). 10.To get more evidence，the lawyer investigated many witnesses.After investigation，he got some useful proof.(investigate) 11.They all agreed to expand the new company，but the expansion will cost them a lot of money.(expand) Part 2　短语句式……………………………教材精选 Ⅰ.选择合适的短语并用其正确形式填空 deal with，apply...to...，all the more，look into，set sail，set out，be equivalent to，run for one's life，check out，think twice，as well as，test the waters，correspond to，make a getaway，throw oneself into，beyond the reach of，fall into ruin，on top of，the unknown 1．In Juan's world，the unknown and undiscovered was vast and marvelous. 2．It's required that the case(should) be looked into as soon as possible. 3．You should think twice about employing someone you've never met. 4．She is used to dealing with all kinds of people in her job. 5．He plays classical music, as well as pop and jazz. 6．If you want to post on this blog，check out the guidelines here. 7．Our teachers throw themselves into their work of bringing up a new generation. 8．They set out early in the morning the other day to explore the national park. 9．A large number of churches fell into ruin after the revolution. 10．The movie was all the more exciting because it had a surprising twist at the end. Ⅱ.根据所给汉语和要求完成下面的句子 我们队赢得比赛的消息迅速传播开来(that引导的同位语)。 The news that our team won the game spread quickly. Part 1　核心词汇……………………………多维练透 bury (教材义) v．将……埋在下面；(补充义) v．埋头于，专心于；把……插入(某物) (1)bury...in... 把……埋到……里；使……沉浸于…… (2)bury one's face in one's hands 双手掩面 (3)bury oneself in＝be buried in (doing) sth 埋头于/专心于(做) 某事 ①With so many people buried (bury) under the ruins，none of the rescue workers would stop to have a rest. ②Since she graduated，my mother has buried herself (she) in teaching，receiving high praise. ③[读后续写之人物动作描写] 父亲双手插在口袋里慢慢踱步进来。 Father paced in slowly，with his hands buried in his pockets． ④[中国元素] 尽管面临着许多挑战，但中国人民以他们的决心，埋头追求知识和个人成长，知道教育是通往光明未来的关键。 学生用书第298页 Despite facing numerous challenges，the Chinese people，with their determination，bury themselves in the pursuit of knowledge and personal growth，knowing that education is the key to a brighter future. ruin (教材义) n．残垣断壁，废墟；(补充义) v．毁坏；破坏 (1)lie/be in ruins 成为废墟 fall into ruin (因无人照料而)衰落，败落 be reduced to ruins沦为废墟 (2)ruin one's health/fame/future 毁坏某人的健康/声誉/前途 get ruined 被破坏/毁坏 ①On returning to the town，they were shocked to find their neighborhood in ruins. ②Does Kilimanjaro deserve its reputation as a crowded mountain with lines of tourists ruining (ruin) the atmosphere of peace? ③If you do，you won't be able to handle it and the whole thing develops into an unpleasant scene and that ruins (ruin) everyone's day. ④[读后续写之主旨升华句] 你改变不了过去，但如果你忧虑未来，将会毁了现在。 You can't change the past，but you can ruin the present by worrying about the future． abandon (教材义) v．离弃，逃离；(补充义) v．陷入，沉湎于；放弃；抛弃 (1)abandon oneself to(doing) sth ＝be abandoned to(doing) sth 某人陷入/沉湎于(做)某事 abandon(doing) sth 放弃(做)某事 (2)with abandon 放纵地；放任地 ①(2022·全国乙卷)The one in the new environment should be sympathetic to the fact that your friend may feel abandoned (abandon). ②Lacking self­discipline，they may abandon themselves to playing online games. ③[读后续写之情感场景描写] 我们尽情地唱歌、跳舞、大笑，忘却了生活中的烦恼。 We sang，danced，and laughed with abandon，forgetting the troubles in our lives. ④这只小狗被遗弃了，它沿着路朝莱西家的小房子走去。 The puppy had been /was abandoned，and it made its way down the road toward the Lacey's small house. check out (教材义)调查，检查；(补充义)结账离开；察看 check speed 放慢速度 check in (在旅馆、机场等)登记 check sth (for sth) 检查；核查；检验 check with 查明；查看；核实 check on sb/sth 核实，检查(是否一切正常) ①I was disappointed to miss Bryan，who had just checked out． ②He had checked in at Amsterdam's Schiphol airport for a flight to Manchester. ③[读后续写之动物细节描写] 蜜蜂放慢了前进的速度，盘旋了一圈，然后慢慢地在镜子般的水面上漂浮。 The bee checked its forward speed，circled and then drifted slowly over the mirror­like surface of the pool. ④[中国元素] 在中国，一定要去看看热闹的街头市场，在那里你可以沉浸在丰富多彩的景色和轻松的氛围中，体验中国文化和美食的真正的魅力。 When in China，make sure to check out the active street markets, where you can bury yourself in the colorful sights and easy atmosphere，experiencing the authentic charm of Chinese culture and cuisine. set out (教材义)动身踏上(漫长的)旅途；(补充义)出发；启程；动身 set out to do sth 开始做某事 set about (doing) sth 着手/开始(做)某事 set aside 留出；把……放置一边；不理会 set...apart from 使与众不同；使突出 set off启程；出发；引爆；激起 ①The next morning he hired a boat and set out to find (find) the well­known painter. ②They set about cleaning up the kitchen while their father helped make the breakfast. 学生用书第299页 ③[读后续写之人物心理描写] 带着一颗充满期待的心和一个装满必需品的背包，他开始了他的冒险。 With a heart full of expectation and a backpack full of necessary stuff，he set out on his adventure． ④春假开始了，他们出发的时候，太阳正把天空染成橙色和金色。 As spring break began，they set out just as the sun painted the sky with colors of orange and gold. Part 2　经典句式……………………………写作迁移 句型公式：that引导同位语从句 (1)that引导同位语从句时，本身不作成分，没有意义，仅起到引导从句的作用，不能省略。 (2)同位语从句也可用whether，what，which，when，where，why，how等词引导，常放在hope，wish，idea，news，fact，promise，opinion，suggestion，advice，truth，evidence，problem等名词后面，说明该名词的具体内容。 ①Scientists have obtained more evidence that plastic is finding its way into the human body. ②We will discuss the problem whether the sports meeting will be held on time (是否按时举办运动会). ③[应用文写作之建议信] 如果你能接受我的建议并坚持去做，毫无疑问你会从中获得更多的利益。 If you can accept my suggestions and stick to them，there's no doubt that you can gain more benefits from it. ④(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷读后续写)渐渐地，一段美好的友谊诞生了，它建立在信任、善良和一个简单的信念的基础上，即慷慨行为可以改变世界。 Gradually，a beautiful friendship was born，built on the foundation of trust，kindness，and the belief that a simple act of generosity can make a world of difference． Part 3　语境辨义……………………………举一反三 Ⅰ.熟词生义(写出句中加黑词汇的词性及汉语意思) 1．A travel company in Hong Kong says it regularly arranges quick getaways here for people living in Shanghai and Hong Kong.n.短假 2．(2022·浙江1月卷)When Beverley Burdeyney turned seventy­four last year, she started having problems with her eyes, notably dryness and discomfort.adv.非常；尤其 3．Despite the celebrations, though, in the U．S.the jazz audience continues to shrink and grow older, and the music has failed to connect with younger generations.v.减少 4．At the end of the year she was dismissed, cured.v.出院 5．(2022·全国甲卷)Presenting the best of the West End along with the pick of the UK's touring shows, the New Theatre is Cardiff's oldest surviving traditional theatre.n.精品，精华 6．It's partly that his writings rode a wave of social, political and scientific progress.n.浪潮 7．We are the products of evolution, and not just evolution that occurred billions of years ago.n.产物；结果 Ⅱ.一词多义(选出下列单词在句中的正确释义) 1．bury A．v.使专注于，使忙于 B．v.掩藏，隐藏 C．v.埋葬，掩埋 D．v.使沉没，使陷入 ①After the storm，the beach was buried under several feet of sand. C ②The ship was buried in the ocean after it hit the iceberg. D ③She tried to bury her feelings，but they were too strong. B 学生用书第300页 2．ruin A．n.废墟 B．v.使失去价值或美丽 C．v.破坏 D．v.使破产 ①The rain ruined the outdoor wedding. C ②Gambling can ruin a person financially. D ③The earthquake left the city in ruins. A Ⅰ.语篇语境综合练(语境创新——词汇再练) When the team set out on their trip into the unknown，they had little idea what they might find.They were part of an 1.archaeological (archaeology) investigation，hoping to uncover a 2.buried (bury) civilization that had fallen into ruin many centuries before.The professor，a 3.notable (note) figure in archaeology，had warned them to think twice about the dangers，but they were eager to test the waters. One morning，they discovered an old，4.abandoned (abandon) village.It was like a scene from a movie.They wanted to explore every corner，but the professor advised them 5.to steer (steer) clear of the unstable buildings.Instead，they decided to check out the surrounding caves.Legend had it that treasures were hidden somewhere around. As they 6.drilled (drill) into one of the cave walls，they heard a sudden noise.Something didn't feel right.They 7.threw (throw) themselves into the mission but knew they might need to make a getaway at any moment.Suddenly，they realized they needed to run for their life as rocks started to fall.The team 8.retreated (retreat) fast，feeling the true danger of their quest. Back at the base camp，they discussed the adventure.Despite the close call，none of them felt the 9.dismissal (dismiss) of their mission.They knew they would test the waters again. The 10.expansion (expand) of their knowledge about this buried past was too exciting to give up.Each member eagerly awaited the next step into the unknown，eager to uncover every hidden secret. Ⅱ.真题难句拓展练(剖析长句——精准翻译) 1．(2023·浙江1月卷)Yet as the months of reducing waste continued，I did what I could that was within my own reach. [剖析]　本句是一个复合句。句子主干为主谓宾结构 I did what...。as引导时间状语从句；what引导宾语从句，could后省略了do；that引导定语从句。 [翻译]　然而，随着减少浪费的几个月的继续，我尽力做了我力所能及的事情。 2．(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)Now，every year when my husband pulls our camper out of the garage，we are filled with a sense of excitement，wondering what camping fun and adventure we will experience next. [剖析]　本句是一个复合句。句子主干为主系表结构 we are filled with...；when引导定语从句，修饰先行词every year; what从句作wondering的宾语，从句为主谓宾结构we will experience (what camping fun and adventure)。 [翻译]　现在，每年当我丈夫从车库里开出露营车时，我们都兴奋不已，不知道接下来我们会经历什么样的露营乐趣和冒险旅程。 学生用书第301页 Ⅰ.应用文写作增分练——探索未知(关于 “Exploring the unknown”的话题讨论) 结合本单元话题，用单元词汇、经典句型完成下面的应用文写作并背诵。 [基础语料] 单元词汇 intrigue，bury，astronomy，expansion, check out，the unknown，set out，throw oneself into，look into，think twice，furthermore，notable 经典句型 stimulating/throwing/pushing动词­ing形式作状语；as引导状语从句；that引导定语从句 [情境呈现] 你校英文报正在开展以“Exploring the unknown”为题的讨论。请以此为题写一篇短文投稿，描述人类探索未知所付出的努力。 [思路点拨] 人称 以第二人称为主 时态 以一般现在时和一般将来时为主 内容要点线索 第一段引出主题(探索未知)→第二段具体介绍所付出的努力和成就 [写作输出] Exploring the unknown Exploring the unknown has always intrigued me，(1)stimulating a passion to look into the mysterious world and beyond(激发了我探索神秘世界和世界之外的激情；look into；stimulating动词­ing形式作状语).(2)As we set out on this grand adventure，we check out the mysteries that surround us, throwing ourselves into the expansion of human knowledge(当我们踏上这一伟大的冒险之旅时，我们探索着周围的奥秘，全身心地投入到人类知识的拓展中去；set out，check out，throw oneself into; as引导状语从句，throwing动词­ing形式作状语). The attempt of the unknown motivates us to dig into the depths of the ocean，the farthest reaches of space，and the complexity of the microscopic world.It makes us think twice about our place in the universe and (3)fuels our curiosity to uncover the secrets that nature has kept hidden for centuries(激发我们的好奇心去揭开大自然隐藏了许多世纪的秘密；that引导定语从句).Furthermore，notable achievements in science and technology often arise from this strong desire to explore，(4)pushing the frontiers of what we know and opening doors to new possibilities(推动我们所知的前沿，并打开通向新的可能性的大门；pushing动词­ing形式作状语). [变式表达] 根据提示完成句子，使之与句(2)意义一致。 Starting on this great journey，we look into the puzzles around us，deeply joining in the efforts to expand human knowledge. Ⅱ.读后续写微点练——鼓励大家参加合唱比赛 (表扬赞赏) [基础语料] 词汇 praise　　　　　　　表扬 compliment 称赞 admire 钦佩 appreciate 感激 acclaim 欢呼 honor 尊敬 celebrate 庆祝 give a thumbs up 点赞 speak highly of 高度评价 be all praise for 对……赞不绝口 句式 standing动词­ing形式作状语；形容词短语作状语；what引导宾语从句 学生用书第302页 细节描写 1.The company appreciates your hard work and dedication. 公司感激你的辛勤工作和奉献。 2.The scientist was honored for his contributions to the field. 这位科学家因其对该领域的贡献而受到尊敬。 3.The community gave a thumbs up to the new park design. 社区对新公园的设计给予了高度评价。 4.His latest novel is being spoken highly of by critics. 他的最新小说受到了评论家的高度评价。 5.The students were all praise for the engaging lecture. 学生们对这次引人入胜的讲座赞不绝口。 [情境呈现] (2025·河北适应卷·读后续写) 学校里即将举行一年一度的合唱比赛，大家都很兴奋和期待→作为班长，主人公感到有责任召集同学们参加合唱团→一些同学犹豫不决，但主人公没有放弃→主人公努力说服同学们参加，强调团队参与的重要性→一些学生承诺尝试→排练过程充满欢笑，有时也有挫折，但大家内心仍认为自己可能表现最差→他们上台之前，音乐老师Mrs.Wood将大家聚集在一起，鼓励他们→老师的话让大家理解了表演的真正意义→音乐开始时，他们发自内心地唱歌→…… [思路点拨] 文体：记叙文 人称：第一人称 时态：一般过去时为主 续写思路：根据所给首句When the performance ended，our headmaster stepped onto the stage.可知，接下来要写校长对合唱团的表演给予评价和鼓励。 [写作输出] When the performance ended，our headmaster stepped onto the stage.(1)Standing on the stage，he presented his appreciation to us for our actively taking part in the competition(他站在舞台上，感谢我们积极参加比赛；standing动词­ing形式作状语)，and congratulated us on our successfully performing the whole song.(2)Excited and thrilled，we students applauded warmly，showing our approval for him (我们同学们激动不已，热烈鼓掌，表示对他的支持；形容词短语作状语)and expressing thanks to ourselves for our joint efforts.(3)For now，we were not concerned about what results we would get，but enjoyed the precious moment on the stage(现在，我们不关心我们会得到什么结果，而是享受在舞台上的宝贵时刻；what引导宾语从句).(4)With our warm applause and cheers，the headmaster stepped off the stage with satisfaction(在我们热烈的掌声和欢呼声中，校长满意地走下了舞台). [变式表达] 增加修饰语使最后一句表达更加丰富多彩(gracefully，thunderous，beam with pride and a sense of accomplishment，enthusiastic)。 Amidst the thunderous applause and enthusiastic cheers that filled the auditorium，our headmaster，beaming with pride and a sense of accomplishment，gracefully stepped down from the stage. 单元测评41　Unit 5　Into the unknown (时间：30分钟　　满分：35分) (本栏目内容在学生用书中以活页形式分册装订！) Ⅰ.阅读理解(本题共8个小题；每小题2.5分，共20分) A (2025·沈阳市质检) German physicist Albert Einstein is one of the most famous scientists of all time, the personification of genius and the subject of a whole industry of scholarship.In The Einsteinian Revolution, two experts on Einstein's life and his theory of relativity—Israeli physicist Hanoch Gutfreund and German historian of science Jürgen Renn—offer an original and penetrating (犀利的) analysis of Einstein's revolutionary contributions to physics and our view of the physical world. For the first time ever, by setting Einstein's work in the long course of the evolution of scientific knowledge, Gutfreund and Renn discover the popular misconception of Einstein as an unconventional scientific genius who single­handedly created modern physics—and by pure thought alone. As a large part of the book explains, Einstein typically argued that science progresses through steady evolution, not through revolutionary breaks with the past.He saw his theory of relativity not as something from scratch, but a natural extension of the classical physics developed by pioneers such as Italian astronomer Galileo Galilei and English physicist Isaac Newton in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, as well as nineteenth­century physicists. The authors highlight how classical physics cannot be separated cleanly from modern Einsteinian physics.The book also includes substantial sections on Polish astronomers Nicolaus Copernicus and Galileo, whose methods inspired Einstein.When Einstein considered himself as standing on their shoulders, he meant that, without their contributions, he would not have formulated (阐述) the theory of relativity. The Einsteinian Revolution is an important and thought­provoking contribution to the scholarly literature on Einstein and his surprising scientific creativity between 1905 and 1925.Gutfreund and Renn might not have given the final answer as to why Einstein, of all people, revolutionized physics in the way that he did.But they argue in fascinating detail that, to understand his genius, one must take into account not just the earlier history of physics but also the history of knowledge more broadly.Although not always an easy read, the book will interest physicists and historians alike. 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章是对一本书的介绍，书中主要介绍了以色列物理学家 Hanoch Gutfreund 和德国科学历史学家 Jürgen Renn对科学家爱因斯坦的相对论和众人对物理世界的普遍看法所做的评论。 1．What's the attitude of Gutfreund and Renn to the popular viewpoint on Einstein? A．Opposing. B．Favorable. C．Ambiguous. D．Indifferent. 答案：A 解析：观点态度题。根据第二段 “...Gutfreund and Renn discover the popular misconception of Einstein as an unconventional scientific genius who single­handedly created modern physics—and by pure thought alone.” 可知， Gutfreund 和Renn认为大家普遍的想法是错误的，所以应是持反对态度。故选A。 2．What does the underlined phrase “from scratch” probably mean? A．From nothing. B．Up to a certain standard. C．By learning from others. D．With previous knowledge. 答案：A 解析：词义猜测题。根据画线词组下文“but a natural extension of the classical physics developed by pioneers”可知， 上文提到的科学家们的研究对爱因斯坦的成功具有一定的贡献，所以此处是指爱因斯坦认为自己的相对论不是从零开始的，而是经典物理学的自然延伸。由此可知，画线词组意为 “从零开始”。故选A。 3．What does the author mean to say by mentioning famous physicists? A．Their ideas were rejected by Einstein. B．Their devotion to physics impressed Einstein. C．Their research contributed to Einstein's success. D．Their hard work deserved the worldwide respect. 答案：C 解析：推理判断题。根据第三段可知，爱因斯坦认为自己的相对论不是从头开始的东西，而是16世纪和17世纪意大利天文学家伽利略和英国物理学家牛顿以及19世纪物理学家发展起来的经典物理学的自然延伸。由此可推知，作者提及著名的物理学家是为了说明科学家们的研究对爱因斯坦的成功具有一定的贡献。故选C。 4．Where is the text most probably taken from? A．A guidebook to a course. B．An introduction to a book. C．An essay on Albert Einstein. D．A review of physics development. 答案：B 解析：文章出处题。根据第一段中的“In The Einsteinian Revolution, two experts on Einstein's life and his theory of relativity” 和第三段中的 “As a large part of the book explains...”， 以及第四段中的 “The book also includes...” 可推知，本文极有可能出自一本书的简介。故选B。 B (2025·福州质检) Humans have sailed the oceans' surfaces for millennia, but their depths remain effectively uncharted.Only about a quarter of the seafloor has been mapped at high resolution.Maps of most regions display only approximate depths and often miss entire underwater mountains or canyons. So researchers have introduced some deep­diving experts: Elephant Seals.Scientists have been placing trackers on them around Antarctica for years, gathering data on ocean temperature.For a new study, the researchers compared these divers' location and depth data with some of the less detailed seafloor maps.They spotted places where the seals dove deeper than should have been possible according to the maps— meaning the existing depth estimates were inaccurate. In eastern Antarctica's Vincennes Bay, the diving seals helped the scientists find a large, hidden underwater canyon of more than a mile in depth.An Australian research ship called the RSV Nuyina later measured the canyon's exact depth using sonar(声呐), and the researchers have proposed naming their find the Mirounga­Nuyina Canyon — honoring both the ship and the involved Elephant Seals, genus Mirounga. But seals can't chart the entire ocean floor.The trackers used in the study could pinpoint a seal's geographical location only within about 1.5 miles, which allows for useful but not exactly high­resolution data.Plus, because the seals don't always dive to the bottom of the ocean, they can reveal only where the bottom is deeper than in existing maps— not shallower.Deep­sea research experts suggest improving on these data by using more precise tracking devices and analyzing the seals' diving patterns to determine whether they have reached the seafloor or simply stopped going down. The potential use of the current seal­dive data is to gather information about the deep ocean around Antarctica, specifically regarding the location and depth of seafloor canyons.This data can be valuable for predicting how Antarctica's ice will melt.By understanding the presence and characteristics of these canyons, scientists can better assess how warmer water from the deep ocean flows towards the ice along the continent's coast.This knowledge is crucial for accurately modeling and predicting the future behavior of Antarctica's ice sheets and their contribution to the sea­level rise. 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了装备有跟踪器的象海豹协助研究人员绘制未被探索的海洋深处，揭示南极洲的 Mirounga­Nuyina峡谷等的隐藏特征。尽管存在局限性，它们的数据加强了对南极冰盖融化和海平面上升预测的理解。 5．How did the researchers find out the depth inaccuracies? A．By gathering temperature data. B．With the help of seals' diving. C．By improving resolution of maps. D．With the trackers placed on canyons. 答案：B 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的 “the researchers compared these divers' location and depth data...seals dove deeper...meaning the existing depth estimates were inaccurate” 可知，研究人员将这些潜水海豹的位置和深度数据与一些不太详细的海底地图进行了比较，他们发现海豹潜入的深度超出了地图上应有的深度。由此可知，研究人员是在海豹潜水的帮助下，发现现有的深度估计是不准确的。故选B。 6．Why is the discovery of Mirounga­Nuyina Canyon mentioned? A．To provide more reference data. B．To introduce a new topic. C．To give supporting evidence. D．To make a comparison. 答案：C 解析：推理判断题。结合第二段最后一句可知，研究人员发现了误差，通读第三段可知，该段主要在介绍佐证这一发现的示例，即通过 Mirounga­Nuyina Canyon 的具体例子来进一步确定峡谷的准确深度。由此可推知，提到Mirounga­Nuyina的发明是为了提供支持证据。故选C。 7．What can we infer from the last paragraph? A．Researchers can assess ocean features. B．Data can be used to track the ice location. C．Underwater flow can be controlled. D．Scientists can monitor ice melting. 答案：D 解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中的 “By understanding the presence and characteristics of these canyons，scientists can better assess...for accurately modeling and predicting the future behavior of Antarctica's ice sheets and their contribution to the sea­level rise” 可知，通过了解这些峡谷的存在和特征，科学家可以更好地评估来自深海的温暖海水如何流向大陆沿岸的冰层。这些知识对于准确建模和预测南极洲冰盖的未来行为及其对海平面上升的贡献至关重要。由此可推知，科学家通过了解这些峡谷的存在和特征可以监测冰的融化。故选D。 8．What is the text mainly about? A．Seals assist scientists in charting ocean floor. B．Seals advance tracking devices' precision. C．Scientists draw inspiration from seals. D．Scientists uncover seals' diving patterns. 答案：A 解析：主旨大意题。根据全文内容可知，本文主要介绍了装备有跟踪器的象海豹协助研究人员绘制未被探索的海洋深处，揭示南极洲的 Mirounga­Nuyina 峡谷等的隐藏特征，继而助力科学家预测气候变化。故选A。 Ⅱ.语法填空 (本题共10个小题；每小题1.5分，共15分) (2025·广州高三综测) Over a decade ago, Wu Kai, an enthusiast of ancient pagodas(塔), was looking for a book 1. comprehensively detailed the total number and locations of pagodas with quality introductions and images. “I read extensively but found the books available had limited information and few good pictures，” he explains.Dissatisfied with the 2. (exist) options, Wu decided to create his own.Despite an estimated 10，000 ancient pagodas nationwide, many remain unaccounted for due to 3. (they) remote locations and poor conditions. Visiting hilltop or cliff­top pagodas, or those hidden in deep forests, 4. (require) great determination, physical strength and even luck, 5. few people get to see them in person.For those who do, there's the added challenge of taking good pictures, especially those suitable 6. print. 7. (fortunate), Wu's plan was applauded by like­minded enthusiasts, who generously contributed great 8. (photo).In 2019, Wu published a 500­page book introducing over 300 ancient pagodas in Beijing.He then continued to work with Wang Xuebin, one of the enthusiasts.In 2023, their weighty 960­page book 9. (release), entitled The 1，001 Chinese Ancient Pagodas You Must See Before You Die. “In each pagoda, I see the beauty of our heritage and the 10. (lose) values of simplicity, perfection, and respect for nature in modern life，” Wu writes in the introduction.“Across the vast land of China, no two pagodas are completely identical.” 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了古塔爱好者吴锴为了弥补现有书籍的不足，与他人合创了一本详细介绍中国古塔的书，展示了古塔的美和文化价值。 1．答案：which/that 解析：考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，先行词 book 指物，且从句中缺少主语，所以应用关系代词 which/that。故填which/that。 2．答案：existing/existent 解析：考查形容词。空处修饰名词 options，应用形容词形式。故填 existing/existent。 3．答案：their 解析：考查代词。空后是名词短语，所以空处应用形容词性物主代词 their。故填 their。 4．答案：requires 解析：考查动词的时态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知，空处在句中作谓语，且该句叙述的是一般的情况，所以应用一般现在时；句子的主语是动词­ing形式短语 Visiting hilltop or cliff­top pagodas，谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式， 故填 requires。 5．答案：so 解析：考查连词。根据句意可知，前后两句之间是因果关系，所以用连词so。 6．答案：for 解析：考查介词。suitable for...为固定搭配， 意为 “适合……”。故填for。 7．答案：Fortunately 解析：考查副词。空处修饰整个句子，应用副词fortunately 作状语；空处位于句首，首字母大写。故填 Fortunately。 8．答案：photos 解析：考查名词的单复数。photo 是可数名词，此处是指 “很多照片”，所以应用复数形式。故填 photos。 9．答案：was released 解析：考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知，release 是谓语动词，与主语之间是动宾关系。根据时间状语 In 2023 可知，该句应用一般过去时的被动语态。主语 book 为单数，故填 was released。 10．答案：lost 解析：考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，句中已有谓语，所以空处应用所给词的非谓语动词形式。空处修饰 values，与所修饰词之间是动宾关系，所以应用动词­ed形式。故填 lost。 学生用书第303页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $