必修第三册 Unit 6 Disaster and hope（教师用书Word）-【正禾一本通】2026年新高考英语高三一轮总复习高效讲义（外研版）

该高中英语讲义聚焦高考英语核心考点，涵盖词汇（语境识意、变形拼写、熟词生义）、短语句式（教材精选与写作迁移）、读写技能（应用文与读后续写），按“基础梳理-考点突破-真题应用”逻辑组织知识，通过规律总结（如名词后缀）、方法指导（如occur用法归纳）、真题训练（2024浙江卷等）环节，助力学生系统突破难点，体现复习的系统性与针对性。 资料以“多维练透+情境迁移”为特色，如核心词汇rescue结合巧归纳（rescue...from...）、真题例句及读后续写救助场景，培育语言能力与思维品质。设置分层练习（基础语料与变式表达）、真题难句剖析（2024新课标卷）等任务，配合应用文写作增分练（自然灾害主题），保障复习效率，有效提升学生应考能力，为教师把控复习节奏提供清晰指引。

Part 1　单元词汇…………………………分类自测 阅读词汇——语境识意 1.a helicopter pilot　　　一名直升机驾驶员 2.a plastic tube 塑料管子 3.cost ￡10，000 plus 耗资万余英镑 4.the southern counties 南部各郡 5.houses buried by a landslide　被滑坡掩埋的房屋 6.a weather satellite 气象人造卫星 7.natural disasters 自然灾难 8.victims of the hurricane 飓风的受害者 拓展词汇——变形拼写 第一组：动词变形 1.occur v．发生→(过去式/过去分词) occurred→(动词­ing形式) occurring→occurrence n．发生；出现；存在 2.erupt v．(火山)爆发，喷发→eruption n．爆发，喷发 3.rely v．信赖，可靠→reliable adj.可信赖的，可靠的→reliably adv.可靠地→reliability n．可靠性 4.announce v．宣布；声称；播报→announcement n．通告，公告→announcer n．广播员；播音员 第二组：名词和形容词变形 5.threat n．威胁；构成威胁的人(或事物)→threaten v．威胁到，危及→threatened adj.受到威胁的 6.disaster n．灾难，灾祸→disastrous adj.灾难性的 7.sufficient adj.足够的，充足的→sufficiently adv.充分地，足够地→sufficiency n．足量，充足 8.immediate adj.立刻的；立即的→immediately adv.即刻，马上 9.exception n．例外；除外→exceptional adj.特别的；杰出的→exceptionally adv.极其，非常 10.emergency n．紧急情况，不测事件→emergent adj.紧急的 11.precise adj.精确的，准确的→precisely adv.精确地，准确地 名词后缀­y/­ty 表示性质、状态、动作或结果。 ①injure 伤害→injury伤，损害　②discover 发现→discovery发现　③deliver递送→delivery 递送　④recover 恢复→recovery恢复；痊愈　⑤honest 诚实的→honesty 诚实　⑥difficult困难的→difficulty 困难　⑦modest 谦虚的→modesty 谦虚　⑧safe 安全的→safety 安全　　 核心词汇——单句应用 1.(2024·浙江1月卷)But it can certainly keep me entertained while I wait for my wife to rescue (rescue) me. 2.(2024·全国甲卷)That's why most pet cats are able to tell immediately (immediate) if their owners were around any other cats，which they don't usually like. 3.(2021·全国乙卷)The collapse was disastrous (disaster)，requiring the emergency medical team and good teamwork. 4.As we all know，pollution is threatening (threat) marine life. 5.Nobody knows precisely (precise) how many people are still living in the camp. 6.We will wander in traditional small towns and end our tour with an exceptional (exception) museum in Shanghai. 7.The scientist is studying the effects of climate change occurring (occur) in our environment. 学生用书第140页 8.The car crash claimed (claim) three lives. 9.Many emergent (emergency) technologies are changing how we communicate with each other every day. 10.I saw a child grabbing (grab) candy from the store when no one was watching him. 11.The cat climbed up the tree and needed help to be rescued (rescue) by its owner. 12.Mary announced to her teammates that she was to marry a Chinese boy.The announcement of their marriage will appear in the local newspaper next week.(announce) 13.John is very reliable—if he promises to do something，he will do it，so you can rely on him to help you when you are in trouble.(rely) Part 2　短语句式……………………………教材精选 Ⅰ.选择合适的短语并用其正确形式填空 turn into，after all，have yet to，look out for，all of a sudden，consist of，sort of，make it，head for，compare...to/with，suffer from，in the open air，look through，reflect off，leave out，up and down 1．I have yet to finish my homework，so I will stay up late tonight. 2．It is where dead leaves turn into food for the trees and other forest life. 3．Later，he worked in Africa，where many people suffered from blindness for lack of proper treatment. 4．He's not to blame.After all，it is the first time he's done it. 5．Your task of the activity consists of enjoying the movie，having a heated discussion afterwards and giving your own comments. 6．All of a sudden there was a terrific bang and a flash of smoke. 7．After we had a discussion，we decided to head for the nearest shelter. 8．I need some money.I'm going to look through the newspaper for a holiday job. 9．We enjoyed a lovely picnic in the open air at the park last Sunday. 10．When you're walking in the city at night，you should always look out for pickpockets. Ⅱ.根据所给汉语和要求完成下面的句子 1．我们的排练是紧张的，充满了笑声，有时还有挫折。(动词­ed形式短语作状语) Our rehearsals were intense，filled with laughter，and sometimes frustration. 2．这本书是用浅显的英语写的，适合初学者。(动词­ed形式短语作定语) This book written in simple English is suitable for beginners. 3．(2023·浙江1月卷)我一抱起她，她就停止了挣扎。(the instant) She ceased her struggle the instant I picked her up． 4．孩子们一听到这个消息，就高兴地跳了起来。(the moment) The moment the children heard the news，they jumped with joy. Part 1　核心词汇……………………………多维练透 occur (教材义) v．发生；(补充义) v．存在，出现；(想法)产生 (1)sth occurs to sb 某人突然想起某事 (2)It occurs to/strikes/hits sb that...某人突然想起…… (3)It occurs to/strikes/hits sb to do sth 某人突然想起做某事 ①It occurred to me that I had left the door unlocked when I was away from home. ②We are the products of evolution，and not just evolution that occurred (occur) billions of years ago. ③[读后续写之天气描写] 那天晚上发生了一场可怕的暴风雨，狂风拍打着房子。 That night a terrible storm occurred，with the wind blowing and beating the house. 学生用书第141页 ④我立刻想到，我的机会来了。 It occurred to me at once that here was my chance. rescue (教材义) n．营救，解救；(补充义) v．营救，援救；拯救，挽救(生意等) (1)rescue...from... 把……从……营救出来 (2)come to one's rescue 来营救某人 (3)rescuer n．救援者；救助者 ①All the people nearby came to her (she) rescue when hearing her cry for help. ②[应用文写作之救援报道] 正是这个勇敢的年轻人将那个可怜的老人从着火的房子中救出来的。 It was the brave young man that rescued the poor old man from the burning house. ③It took rescuers (rescue) 90 minutes to reach the trapped men. ④[中国元素] 在共同努力下，组织和个人联合拯救和修复中国濒危文化遗产，供子孙后代欣赏和保存。 With joint efforts，organizations and individuals have joined forces to rescue and restore endangered Chinese cultural heritage sites for future generations to appreciate and cherish. compare...to...表明……与……相似；将……比作…… (1)compare...with... 把……和……相比较 (2)compared to/with... 和……相比(通常作状语) (3)beyond/without compare 无与伦比；举世无双 (4)comparison n．比较 与……相比 ①It is difficult to make a comparison (compare) with her previous book—they are completely different. ②My final exam was a breeze compared (compare) with the difficulty I'd gone through to get to it. ③[读后续写之主旨升华句] 与一辆新自行车相比，老师的鼓励似乎更有效地帮助男孩克服了恐惧。 Compared to a new bike，encouragement from a teacher seemed more effective to help the boy conquer fear. ④(2023·新课标Ⅱ卷)Kids can test their skills and compare their abilities to the animals of Yellowstone. Part 2　经典句式……………………………写作迁移 句型公式：the moment 等名词短语用作从属连词，引导时间状语从句 有些名词短语/副词可用作从属连词，引导时间状语从句： ①the instant/moment/second/minute，相当于as soon as (一……就……) ②every/each/next/last time 每次/下次/上次；the first/second...time 第一/二……次 ③instantly/immediately/directly 一……就…… ①Immediately (immediate)he arrived，he started telling us what to do. ②(2022·浙江1月卷)每次离开实验室前，他都会非常小心地检查数据，他的脸色异常苍白和憔悴。 Every time he checked the data with great caution before leaving the lab，his face was surprisingly pale and drawn. ③我的目光落在她身上的那一刻，一股感激之情涌上心头。 The moment my eyes fell on her，a wave of appreciation surged through me. ④(2024·新课标卷读后续写)我一下飞机，就像疯了一样穿过机场大楼，毫不犹豫地跳上了第一辆出租车。 The moment I got off the plane，I ran like crazy through the airport building and jumped into the first taxi on the rank without a second thought. 学生用书第142页 Part 3　语境辨义……………………………举一反三 Ⅰ.熟词生义(写出句中加黑词汇的词性及汉语意思) 1．(2024·浙江1月卷)Airplanes seed threatening storm cells with a chemical to make small ice crystals fall as rain before they can grow into dangerous hailstones.adj.威胁性的 2．(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)The differences between print and digital reading results are partly related to paper's physical properties.n.特性 3．She was passed by several runners in the last lap.n.(跑道的)一圈 4．They first found 10 overweight and inactive but otherwise healthy young men.adv.在其他方面 5．He was very old, and his head was topped with a cloud of fine, snow­white hair.v.上面覆盖着 6．Not trusting his voice, he cupped her face between his hands and drew it to him.v.使(双手)成圆状托起 7．They couldn't touch him.He was a masterpiece.v.比得上 8．I mooned my way through grade and high school.v.虚度(时间) Ⅱ.一词多义(选出下列单词在句中的正确释义) 1．shelter A．n.居所，住处 B．v.使免交税 C．v.躲避 D．v.保护，掩蔽 ①(2024·浙江1月卷)I mean to make an actual phone call—not to shelter from the rain. C ②Human beings need food，clothing and shelter. A ③Trees shelter the house from the wind. D 2．plus A．prep.加 B．adj.零度以上的，零上的 C．adj.额外的 D．n.好处，优势 ①The cost is $205, plus $3 for shipping. A ②One of the hotel's pluses is that it is very central. D ③The temperature is plus four degrees. B Ⅰ.语篇语境综合练(语境创新——词汇再练) It was a disastrous night when the earthquake 1.occurred (occur).Mary heard an announcement on the radio，saying that everyone should leave their homes 2.immediately (immediate).She grabbed her emergency kit and ran out. The situation was chaotic.Many people were injured and needed 3.rescuing/to be rescued (rescue).The lack of a 4.reliable (rely) communication system made things worse.The 5.emergency (emergent) services were doing their best，but the damage was extensive.There was 6.a threat of further aftershocks，and no one felt safe. Despite the 7.disastrous (disaster) event，Mary saw hope in the community's response.Volunteers and neighbors helped each other without exception.The food and water supplies were not 8.sufficient (sufficiency)，but they managed to share what little they had. Days later，the 9.announcement (announce)of international aid brought relief.The rescuers arrived 10.precisely (precise) when needed.People started to rebuild their lives，showing that even in the darkest times，hope can shine brightly. Ⅱ.真题难句拓展练(剖析长句——精准翻译) 1．(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)Campbell's point is to wake up those responsible for AI—the technology companies 学生用书第143页 and world leaders—so they are on the same page as all the experts currently developing it. [剖析]　本句是so连接的并列复合句。前面分句主干是主系表结构 Campbell's point is to wake up...，破折号中间内容用于解释说明those；so后面分句也是主系表结构 they are on the same page，currently developing it作定语修饰名词experts。 [翻译]　坎贝尔的观点是要唤醒那些负责人工智能的人——科技公司和世界领导人——所以他们与目前开发人工智能的所有专家意见一致。 2．(2023·新课标Ⅱ卷)More recently，as books have become inexpensive or even throwaway，artists have used them as the raw material for artworks—transforming covers，pages or even complete volumes into paintings and sculptures. [剖析]　本句是一个主从复合句。句子的主干为主谓宾状结构 artists have used them as the raw material...；破折号后transforming...为动词­ing形式短语，起到解释说明前文内容的作用；as引导原因状语从句。 [翻译]　最近，由于书籍变得便宜，甚至是一次性的，艺术家们把它们作为艺术品的原材料——把封面、书页甚至整卷书变成绘画和雕塑。 3．(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)Producing food that no one eats wastes the water，fuel，and other resources used to grow it. [剖析]　本句是一个复合句。句子主干为主谓宾结构 Producing food wastes the water，fuel，and other resources，其中主语是动词­ing形式短语Producing food。that 引导定语从句，修饰food；used to grow it是动词­ed形式短语，作定语修饰resources。此处used to意为“被用来……”，并不是固定短语“过去常常”的用法。 [翻译]　生产没人吃的食物会浪费水、燃料和其他用来培植这种食物所用的资源。 Ⅰ.应用文写作增分练——自然灾害(介绍如何应对洪灾) 结合本单元话题，用单元词汇、经典句型完成下面的应用文写作并背诵。 [基础语料] 单元词汇 disaster，immediately，occur，announcement，claim，precisely，otherwise，have yet to，reliable，threat，nowhere 经典句型 but转折并列句；省略引导词的宾语从句 [情境呈现] 你校上周开展了一次有关自然灾害的研学活动。活动过后，同学们对保护大自然有了更深的认识。请你以“A study activity trip”为题写一篇短文向英文报Teen Times投稿。 [思路点拨] 人称 以第一人称为主 时态 以一般过去时和一般现在时为主 内容要点线索 第一段引出主题(去研学)→第二段介绍过程→结尾表达感想和意义 [写作输出] A study activity trip At our school，we recently went on a study trip focusing on natural disasters.(1)The announcement of the trip was met with immediate interest from students，eager to learn how to face such threats(这次旅行的宣布立即引起了学生们的兴趣，他们渴望学习如何面对这种威胁；announcement，threat). Through this experience，we gained a deeper understanding of the importance of protecting nature.(2)We learned (that) disasters don't occur out of nowhere(我们认识到灾难不会无缘无故地发生；occur，nowhere，disaster); they are often the result of environmental imbalances.(3)We have yet to find completely reliable ways to predict disasters，but we can help to reduce their impact(我们还没有找到完全可靠的方法来预测灾害，但我们可以帮助减少它们的影响；have yet to；reliable；转折并列句). The trip taught us that every action counts.It was a reminder that (4)we must take immediate steps to protect our planet, otherwise we would risk facing more disastrous consequences(我们必须立即采取措施保护我们的地球，否则我们将面临更多灾难性后果的风险；otherwise). 学生用书第144页 [变式表达] 用被动句和there be句型改写句(4)。 Immediate measures must be taken to protect our planet，or else there would be more disastrous consequences. Ⅱ.读后续写微点练——大雪天救助小狗 (悲伤难过) [基础语料] 词汇 sad 　　　　　　　　　　悲伤的 sorrowful 悲伤的 tearful 含泪的 heartbroken 心碎的 disheartened 沮丧的 depressed 沮丧的 down in the dumps 情绪低落 feeling blue 感到忧郁 on the verge of tears 泪眼汪汪 句式 hugging和rocking动词­ing形式作状语；独立主格结构；with复合结构；as引导状语从句 细节描写 1.She was sobbing uncontrollably，her heart aching with grief. 她无法控制地抽泣着，心中充满了悲伤。 2.The news of the accident left everyone in a state of shock and despair. 事故的消息让每个人都陷入了震惊和绝望。 3.The room was filled with a heavy silence，reflecting the sadness of the moment. 房间里充满了沉重的寂静，反映了那一刻的悲伤。 4.Her voice trembled as she spoke of the loss，her eyes brimming with tears. 她说起损失时声音颤抖，眼里充满了泪水。 5.The sound of the rain matched the rhythm of her tears as she grieved for the past. 当她为过去悲伤时，雨声和她眼泪的节奏相吻合。 [情境呈现] (2025·江南十校联考·读后续写) 一只被遗弃的小狗在Lacey家附近徘徊→ Doris在清扫门前台阶上的大雪时发现了这只小狗→Doris把小狗带回了家，父母并不知情→小狗在地下室安顿下来，Doris喂它吃剩饭→小狗表现得很好，不吵不闹，并且似乎渴望陪伴→尽管Doris努力说服父母，但他们对于是否可以养这只狗没有给出明确的答复→Doris内心希望恶劣天气持续，这样小狗就不会被送到收容所→小狗到来的九天后，天气放晴了→…… [思路点拨] 文体：记叙文 人称：第三人称 时态：一般过去时为主 续写思路：根据所给句子Doris knew it was time to say goodbye to the dog and felt rather worried.可知，接下来故事可能会继续描述Doris与父母进行最后的沟通，看是否有可能改变他们的决定。或者探讨Doris的内心挣扎，她对小狗的感情以及她对小狗未来的担忧。 [写作输出] Doris knew it was time to say goodbye to the dog and felt rather worried.(1)She was sitting alone in the living room，hugging a pillow and rocking back and forth on the edge of a chair (她一个人坐在客厅里，抱着枕头，在椅子边上来回摇晃；hugging和rocking动词­ing形式作状语).She was trying not to cry but she was not strong enough.(2)Her face was wet and red，her eyes full of sadness(她的脸又湿又红，眼睛里充满了悲伤；独立主格结构).(3)Just as Doris was at her lowest，her parents appeared from the doorway(正当Doris处于最低谷时，她的父母从门口出现了；as引导状语从句).(4)With a smile on Mrs. Lacey's face，she said (Mrs.Lacey脸上带着微笑，她说；with复合结构)，“Honey，Papa and I have agreed to keep the puppy as a part of our family.” [变式表达] 用“sitting动词­ing形式作状语”结构改写句(1)。 Sitting alone in the living room，she hugged a pillow and rocked back and forth on the edge of a chair. 单元测评18　Unit 6　Disaster and hope (时间：30分钟　　满分：45分) (本栏目内容在学生用书中以活页形式分册装订！) Ⅰ.阅读理解(本题共8个小题，每小题2.5分，共20分) A (2025·浙江1月卷) On September 7, 1991, the costliest hailstorm (雹暴) in Canadian history hit Calgary's southern suburbs.As a result, since 1996 a group of insurance companies have spent about $2 million per year on the Alberta Hail Suppression Project.Airplanes seed threatening storm cells with a chemical to make small ice crystals fall as rain before they can grow into dangerous hailstones.But farmers in east­central Alberta—downwind of the hail project flights—worry that precious moisture (水分) is being stolen from their thirsty land by the cloud seeding. Norman Stienwand, who farms in that area, has been addressing public meetings on this issue for years.“Basically, the provincial government is letting the insurance companies protect the Calgary­Edmonton urban area from hail，” Mr.Stienwand says, “but they're increasing drought risk as far east as Saskatchewan.” The Alberta hail project is managed by Terry Krauss, a cloud physicist who works for Weather Modification Inc.of Fargo, North Dakota.“We affect only a very small percentage of the total moisture in the air, so we cannot be causing drought，” Dr.Krauss says.“In fact, we may be helping increase the moisture downwind by creating wetter ground.” One doubter about the safety of cloud seeding is Chuck Doswell, a research scientist who just retired from the University of Oklahoma.“In 1999, I personally saw significant tornadoes(龙卷风) form from a seeded storm cell in Kansas，” Dr.Doswell says.“Does cloud seeding create killer storms or reduce moisture downwind? No one really knows, of course, but the seeding goes on.” Given the degree of doubt, Mr.Stienwand suggests, “it would be wise to stop cloud seeding.” In practice, doubt has had the opposite effect.Due to the lack of scientific proof concerning their impacts, no one has succeeded in winning a lawsuit against cloud­seeding companies.Hence, private climate engineering can proceed in relative legal safety. 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了加拿大艾伯塔省实施防雹项目，对于该项目人们态度不一。 1．What does the project aim to do? A．Conserve moisture in the soil. B．Prevent the formation of hailstones. C．Forecast disastrous hailstorms. D．Investigate chemical use in farming. 答案：B 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中 “As a result, since 1996 a group of insurance companies...before they can grow into dangerous hailstones.” 可知，这个项目的目标是防止冰雹的形成。故选B项。 2．Who are opposed to the project? A．Farmers in east­central Alberta. B．Managers of insurance companies. C．Provincial government officials. D．Residents of Calgary and Edmonton. 答案：A 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中 “But farmers in east­central Alberta—downwind of the hail project flights—worry that precious moisture (水分) is being stolen from their thirsty land by the cloud seeding.” 可知，艾伯塔省中东部的农民反对这个项目。故选A项。 3．Why does Dr.Doswell mention the tornadoes he saw in 1999? A．To compare different kinds of seeding methods. B．To illustrate the development of big hailstorms. C．To indicate a possible danger of cloud seeding. D．To show the link between storms and moisture. 答案：C 解析：推理判断题。根据倒数第二段内容可推知， Doswell博士提到他在1999年看到的龙卷风是为了提示播云可能带来的危险。故选C 项。 4．What can we infer from the last paragraph? A．Scientific studies have proved Stienwand right. B．Private climate engineering is illegal in Canada. C．The doubt about cloud seeding has disappeared. D．Cloud­seeding companies will continue to exist. 答案：D 解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中 “Due to the lack of scientific proof concerning their impacts, no one has succeeded in winning a lawsuit against cloud­seeding companies.Hence, private climate engineering can proceed in relative legal safety.” 可推知，播云公司将继续存在。故选D项。 B (2025·天域全国名校协作体联考) “THE ANT AND THE ZEBRA” sounds like the title of an Aesop's fable.Like all good fables, this one has a moral, which is that tinkering with nature has unpredictable consequences.Unlike the Greek originals, though, this fable is real. The story plays out in Laikipia County, Kenya.The characters include big­headed ants, an invasive species, the native acacia ants, these invasive ants have gradually been replacing, the whistling­thorn trees where both sorts of ants live, a cast of elephants, lions, zebras and buffalo, and Douglas Kamaru, a Kenyan biologist in the University of Wyoming.As Mr.Kamaru reports this week in Science, the ant invasion has set off a complicated chain of consequences which has helped zebras at the expense of buffalo—thus illustrating a phenomenon called “trophic cascade”． It works like this.Whistling­thorns have co­evolved with the local ants.The trees provide the ants with shelter and food, in the form of large, hollow thorns into which they produce nutritious nectar (蜜汁).The ants, meanwhile, protect the trees by seeing off the chief threat to them, the local elephants, which are not keen to feed on trees crawling with biting insects. Acacia ants' habitat is thickly carpeted with whistling­thorns.Big­headed ants, however, are not good at keeping the elephants at bay.The elephants move in and bite the trees, removing much of the area's cover.That upsets the local lions, which often use this cover to hide when hunting zebra.To compensate, the lions switch to hunting buffalo, which are more dangerous, but less fleet of foot. Mr.Kamaru has put numbers to the process, too.In invaded areas, elephants break trees five to seven times as often as in uninvaded ones.And in those uninvaded places, zebra kills are almost three times as frequent as in the invaded ones.Indeed, between 2003 and 2020, as the big­headed ants have spread, the percentage of local lion kills where the victim was a zebra fell from 67% to 42%.Over the same period, the percentage of kills that were buffalo rose from zero to 42%.Whether the buffalo blame the ants for their misfortune, no one knows. 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了因外来蚂蚁入侵而引发的生态系统的一系列连锁反应。 5．What does the underlined phrase “tinkering with” probably mean in the first paragraph? A．Making changes to. B．Paying attention to. C．Finding fault with. D．Showing respect for. 答案：A 解析：词义猜测题。根据画线短语下文 “Unlike the Greek originals, though, this fable is real.” 可知，这个寓言是真实的。且根据第二段中的“the ant invasion has set off a complicated chain of consequences”可知，外来蚂蚁入侵引发了生态系统的一系列连锁反应，外来蚂蚁入侵改变了大自然原有的运行模式。由此可推知， tinkering with 表示 “修改，修理”，与A项意思相近。故选A。 6．The “trophic cascade” in the passage happened when ． A．animal habitat in a specific area was preserved B．an invasive species suffered a lack of food supply C．certain plants were affected by human activities D．a particular species in the food chain was replaced 答案：D 解析：推理判断题。根据第二段最后一句、第三段最后一句和第四段中的 “The elephants move in and bite the trees, removing much of the area's cover.That upsets the local lions，...” 可知， “营养级联” 的现象指的是外来蚂蚁(大头蚁)入侵取代当地蚂蚁(金合欢蚁)，从而引发植被被大象啃食，进一步导致狮子捕猎时失去植被作为掩护等情形。由此可推知，食物链中的某个特定物种被外来物种取代时，会触发连锁反应，引起 “营养级联” 的现象。故选D。 7．Why did the lions change their targets of attack when hunting? A．Because it becomes less risky to hunt the buffalo. B．Because greater visibility makes it hard to hunt zebra. C．Because they are not good at keeping the elephants away. D．Because they are upset by the presence of big­headed ants. 答案：B 解析：细节理解题。根据第四段中的“The elephants move in and bite the trees, removing much of the area's cover.That upsets the local lions, which often use this cover to hide when hunting zebra.To compensate, the lions switch to hunting buffalo”可知，当大头蚁取代了本地蚂蚁后，它们无法像本地蚂蚁那样有效地驱赶大象。因此，大象开始破坏树木，减少了狮子用来埋伏捕猎的掩护物。由于狮子需要树木掩护来捕猎斑马，而水牛不如斑马跑得快，所以狮子转而捕猎水牛。因此，狮子改变攻击目标是因为更高的能见度使得捕猎斑马变得困难。故选B。 8．Which of the following is probably the best title for the passage? A．How ants and buffalo defeated lions B．How elephants landed zebra in trouble C．How trees changed lions' dinner menu D．How ants persuaded lions to eat buffalo 答案：D 解析：标题归纳题。通读全文，尤其根据最后一段最后一句并分析全文描述的自然现象可知，入侵蚂蚁改变了食物链中的相互作用，导致狮子改变了它们的捕食对象。因此，D 项 “How ants persuaded lions to eat buffalo” 准确地概括了文章的主要内容，适合作为文章的最佳标题。故选D。 Ⅱ.读后续写(满分25分) (2025·安徽江南十校高三联考) 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 In a very cold January, a puppy wandered around Mr.Lacey's house, where Mr.Lacey lived with his wife Mamie and their daughter Doris.Icicles (冰锥) hung three feet or more from the roofs of houses and snow swallowed up cars. The puppy had been abandoned, and it made its way down the road toward the Laceys' small house, with its ears down and trembling from shyness and cold.Doris, whose school had been called off because of the snow, was clearing the steps when she spotted the puppy on the road. “Come on, little dog！” she called it over.The puppy shyly wagged its tail when Doris approached.As soon as Doris put the dog down in the kitchen, her mom, Mrs.Lacey, asked where the dog came from.Mr.Lacey, who was cleaning his fingernails with his pocketknife at the table, said, “I don't know where it came from, but I know for sure where it's going.” Doris hugged the puppy hard against her.She said nothing. Because of the snowy weather, Mr.Lacey couldn't take the puppy to the shelter right away.So, it stayed in the basement, and Doris fed it leftovers, even though her mom didn't want to waste food.Doris thought the puppy was around six months old and would be quite noisy sometimes.Surprisingly, the puppy behaved well, didn't cry or make trouble in the basement, and only followed Doris upstairs when she invited it.Doris often found it on the basement steps listening to the kitchen talk and smelling the food.She felt the puppy wanted company. Even after a week, Doris didn't name the dog, knowing her parents wouldn't let her keep it.Her father made so little money that any pets were out of the question.Desperate to keep the dog, Doris tried to convince her parents by praising the dog's good behavior and expressing her love for it, but her parents didn't give a definite answer. Despite her efforts, Doris secretly wished the bad weather would never go away, fearing the puppy's unavoidable trip to the shelter.However, nine days after the dog had arrived, the sun was shining. 注意：1.续写词数应为150左右； 2．请按如下格式作答。 Doris knew it was time to say goodbye to the dog and felt rather worried. Doris put her hand to her mouth and couldn't believe what she had heard. 【参考范文】 Doris knew it was time to say goodbye to the dog and felt rather worried. She was sitting alone in the living room, hugging a pillow and rocking back and forth on the edge of a chair.She was trying not to cry but she was not strong enough.Her face was wet and red, her eyes full of sadness.Just as Doris was at her lowest, her parents appeared from the doorway.With a smile on Mrs.Lacey's face, she said, “Honey, Papa and I have agreed to keep the puppy as a part of our family.” Doris put her hand to her mouth and couldn't believe what she had heard.She looked at her parents in surprise.“Doris, you were right.He has brought so much happiness to us，” Mr.Lacey continued, “and I drove by the local animal shelter yesterday.The conditions there are quite poor.We can't leave him there.” Doris smiled with tears of happiness in her eyes and threw her arms around her parents.She knew they not only embraced the puppy into their family but also gave him a chance to lead a much happier life. 学生用书第145页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $