选择性必修第四册 Unit 6 Space and beyond（课件PPT）-【正禾一本通】2026年新高考英语高三一轮总复习高效讲义（外研版）

该高中英语高考复习课件聚焦外研版选择性必修第四册Unit 6 Space and beyond，依据高考评价体系梳理了核心词汇变形、短语搭配、经典句型三大基础考点，结合近三年新课标卷真题分析，明确“动词词性转换”占30%、“独立主格结构写作应用”占25%的高频考点分布，归纳阅读词义猜测、完形语境辨析、应用文写作等题型的考查要求，构建系统备考框架。 课件亮点在于“真题实战+情境迁移+素养融合”策略，如以2024新课标Ⅱ卷“submit”真题为例解析词汇应用，通过紫金山天文台参观写作训练“on/upon doing”结构，培养学生语言能力与思维品质。特设“易错点警示”和“母题变式训练”，帮助学生掌握阅读七选五逻辑衔接技巧，教师可据此精准定位学情，提升复习效率。

高三一轮复习讲义 外研版 Unit 6　Space and beyond 选择性必修 第四册 03 随堂巩固 深度拓展 02 深度学习 拓展能力 自主学习 夯实基础 01 内容索引 04 情境迁移 写作微练 05 单元测评 自主学习 夯实基础 返回 Part 1　单元词汇——分类自测 阅读词汇——语境识意 1.under the shadow of fear　 _______________ 2.season with pepper _____________ 3.a pleasant excursion _______________________ 4.rekindle hopes _____________ 5.angle the telescope ___________ 6.discover a distant galaxy　　 ___________________ 7.study cosmic rays _____________ 8.a vague notion _______________ 9.the muscles of the lower back ___________ 10.the space shuttle _________ 11.a brand-new disc _______________ 在恐怖的阴影中 用胡椒粉调味 一次令人愉快的短途出行 重新激起希望 斜置望远镜 发现一个遥远的星系 研究宇宙射线 一个模糊的概念 腰部的肌肉 航天飞机 一张崭新的光盘 拓展词汇——变形拼写 第一组：动词变形 _______ v．中止，暂停 →__________ n．暂缓；悬浮 2.______ v．提交 →__________ n．提交；屈服 3.________ v．构想，设想 →___________ adj.可想象的；可信的 →___________ adv.可以相信地；可想象地 4.______ v．点燃；激起 →________ v．重新激起，重新唤起 suspend suspension submit submission conceive conceivable conceivably kindle rekindle 5.________ v．模仿；假装 →_________ adj.模仿的，模拟的，仿真的 →_________ n．(用于人员训练的)模拟装置，模拟器 →__________ n．仿真，模拟 simulate simulated simulator simulation 第二组：名词、形容词变形 6._____ n．敬畏；惊叹 →________ adj.很好的，了不起的 →_____ adj.很坏的；极讨厌的 7._________ n．例外 →___________ adj.异常的；特别的 →_____________ adj.平常的 8._______ adj.看得见的 →__________ n．能见度；明显性 →_________ adj.看不见的 →______ n．视力；视野 awe awesome awful exception exceptional unexceptional visible visibility invisible vision 9.______ n．概念；观点；看法 →________ adj.猜测的；估计的 10. ______ n．危险；危害 →_________ adj.危险的，不安全的 11._______ n．悲惨的事；悲剧 →______ adj.悲惨的；悲剧的 →__________ adv.悲惨地，不幸地 12._____________ adj.立即的；瞬间的 →_______________ adv.瞬间地 notion notional hazard hazardous tragedy tragic tragically instantaneous instantaneously 名词后缀-ology 表示“……学”。 ①biology生物学ecology生态学　 ②sociology社会学psychology心理学　 ③archaeology考古学 ④geology地质学zoology动物学　　 掌握规律·词汇拓展 核心词汇——单句应用 1.(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)“We wanted to do something where we do a call to artists in the Bay Area __________ (submit) stories for a contest，”Trost says. 2.(2024·全国甲卷)They were part of a 15-member exploring party that had spent almost five ________ (awe) weeks in witness of the natural beauties there. 3.(2024·全国甲卷)Dogs are known for their impressive ________ (fetch) habit，but cats take this behavior up a notch. 4.He ______ (angle) his chair so that he could sit and watch her. 5.She had only a vague ______ (notional) of what might happen. 6.To make the training realistic，the __________ (simulate) operates in real time. to submit awesome fetching angled notion simulation 7.The little girl was _________ (scream) with joy when she saw her birthday cake. 8.Allergies make me __________ (sneeze) a lot during the springtime because of the pollen. 9.It was announced that the meeting ______________ (suspend) due to technical difficulties. 10.Being ___________ wisdom does not necessarily mean being successful.For instance，with very few __________，most members of the Mensa society for people with high IQs remain _____________．(exception) 11.Hosts of characters died __________ in many Shakespeare's _________ because of those ______ incidents.(tragedy) screaming sneeze was suspended exceptional exceptions unexceptional tragically tragedies tragic 12.Cats have so good night ______ that many things are _______ to them at night which are _________ for human with the naked eye.(vision) 13.Although something _____ happened to my trip in the beginning，I still think it was an ________ experience.(awe) vision visible invisible awful awesome Part 2　短语句式——教材精选 Ⅰ.选择合适的短语并用其正确形式填空 1．___________，studying for exams requires a lot of time and effort from students. 2．She is on a __________ the perfect recipe to impress her friends at dinner. 3．He didn't want to ___________________ their happiness. 4．He _______________ a cooking class to improve his culinary skills last summer. 5．The airplane _________ smoothly and headed towards its destination in the sky. be composed of，be engaged in，take off，tune in，reach for the stars，quest for，cast a shadow on，become accustomed to，set foot on，in reality，stay fit，bring sth to sb's attention，one's heart in one's mouth，sign up for In reality quest for cast a shadow on signed up for took off 6．Teenagers should be banned from smoking，because once their bodies become addicted to nicotine，they will ______________________ it. 7．The explorers failed to _____________ the land of Antarctica due to extreme weather. 8．The committee ________________ doctors，scholars and average persons. 9．You can start now to ________ to your own physical，social and spiritual needs. 10．After graduating from college，he ________________ foreign trade. be composed of，be engaged in，take off，tune in，reach for the stars，quest for，cast a shadow on，become accustomed to，set foot on，in reality，stay fit，bring sth to sb's attention，one's heart in one's mouth，sign up for become accustomed to set foot on is composed of tune in was engaged in Ⅱ.根据所给汉语和要求完成下面的句子 1．农民给蔬菜浇了水，我们都上去看看木制水车是如何工作的。(独立主格结构) _____________________________________，we all went up to see how the wooden water wheel worked. 2．毫无疑问，中国正在世界上扮演着极其重要的角色。(there is never any doubt that...) __________________________ China is playing a vital role in the world. The farmer having watered the vegetables There is never any doubt that 返回 深度学习 拓展能力 返回 Part 1　核心词汇——多维练透 shadow (教材义) n．坏影响，阴影；(补充义) n．阴暗处；影子 1 巧归纳 (1)cast a shadow on 给……蒙上阴影 (2)in the shadow 在阴暗处 (3)in/under the shadow of 在……近旁；被(某人的光彩)所掩盖 (4)shadowy adj. 幽暗的，阴暗的；模糊的 ①I could just make out a tall，pale，________ (shadow) figure walking through the bush. ②Tom always lives _________ the shadow of his brother，which makes him discouraged. ③[读后续写之人物神态描写] 她就在那儿，比以前更苍白、更瘦，在她长长的睫毛的阴影下，隐藏着一个安静的悲伤世界。 There she is，paler and thinner than before，with a world of quiet sorrow _______________________ her long eyelashes. ④(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷应用文写作)我画的是宁静的湖面，树木舞动的影子，还有远处的小桥和行人。 I painted the calmness of the lake，____________________________，and the small bridge and pedestrians in the distance. shadowy in/under lying under the shadow of the dancing shadows of the trees submit (教材义) v．提交；(补充义) v．顺从；屈服 2 巧归纳 (1)submit sth to... 把某物呈递给…… (2)submit to 向……屈服 submit oneself to 服从；甘受 ①She decided to resign from the party rather than submit herself ___ the new rules. ②Anyone who wants to participate should get an application _________ (submit) to me before the deadline. ③[读后续写之场景描写] 认识到他们的不利地位，另一方不情愿地接受了他们的敌人提出的条件。 Recognizing the disadvantage of their position，the other party _____________ ___________________ proposed by their enemy. ④(2024·九省联考应用文写作)Lastly，the essay should be no more than 300 words and must _____________ (submit) by next Friday. to submitted unwillingly submitted to the terms be submitted become accustomed to... 习惯于…… 3 巧归纳 accustomed adj. 通常的，习惯于 be/become/get accustomed to (doing) sth 习惯于(做)某事 be/become/get used to (doing) sth 习惯于(做)某事 ①While the younger generations prefer to communicate visually，for those accustomed to ________ (work) with traditional tools like email，it may feel like a learning curve. ②[读后续写之人物心理状态描写] 已经习惯在农村生活了，史密斯先生发现暂停这种状态去城市生活很难。 ___________________________________，Mr.Smith found it hard to suspend this life and live in the city. ③(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)Little by little，these different kinds of life got ____ (use) to one another and formed their own ecosystem. working Accustomed to living in the countryside used ④[中国元素] 春节期间，中国家庭习惯于聚在一起吃团圆饭，许多人都习惯了这个象征着家庭团聚和新年伊始的传统。 During the Spring Festival，it is customary for Chinese families to gather for reunion dinners，and many ___________________________ that symbolizes family unity and the start of a new year. are accustomed to this tradition Part 2　经典句式——写作迁移 句型公式：独立主格结构 巧归纳 (1)独立主格结构在句中作状语，修饰谓语或整个句子，可置于句首、句中或句末，用逗号与主句隔开，表时间、原因、伴随状态等。 (2)其结构为“名词或代词＋非谓语动词”，“名词或代词＋形容词/副词/介词短语”。 ①[读后续写之情感动作描写] She hugged the caring children tightly，________________________ (眼睛里充满了泪水). ②[读后续写之情节动作描写] ______________________ (孩子领着路)，they had no trouble finding the house. ③[读后续写之情感动作描写] 听到他们的计划，男孩高兴地跳了起来，幸福和感激的泪水涌上双眼。 Hearing their plan，the boy jumped for joy，___________________________ ___________________． ④[中国元素] 雾气从河流上升起，山峦在背景中巍峨耸立，为这幅古代中国山水画创造了一种宁静的氛围。 _________________________，the mountains stood majestically in the background，creating a calm atmosphere in the ancient Chinese landscape painting. her eyes flooded with tears The child leading the way tears of happiness and gratitude welling up in his eyes The mist rising from the river Part 3　语境辨义——举一反三 Ⅰ.熟词生义(写出句中加黑词汇的词性及汉语意思) 1．The painting is expected to fetch at least $20 million. ____________ 2．There were to be five teams of three crewing the boat. ________________ 3．Thanks to the angle at which he stood, he could see the sunset. _______ 4．(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)Johnson began writing about sports as a second-year student at the University of Colorado, covering high school volleyball games for his hometown newspaper. ________ 5．(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)However，most produce at the store went through weeks of travel and covered hundreds of miles before reaching the table. __________________ v.售得，卖得 v.(在……)当船员 n.角度 v.报道 v.跨越(一段距离) 6．(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)Audio (音频)and video can feel more engaging than text，and so university teachers increasingly turn to these technologies—say, assigning an online talk instead of an article by the same person. __________ 7．(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)I dreamed of entering cycle races until I flew to San Diego to visit my sister. __________ v. 比方说 v.报名参加 Ⅱ.一词多义(选出下列单词在句中的正确释义) 1．shadow ①The sun cast long shadows in the late afternoon. _____ ②The tall building shadows the street below. _____ ③The detective shadowed the suspect to gather evidence. _____ A．n.阴影，影子 B．n.模糊的轮廓，图像 C．v.使变暗，遮蔽 D．v.跟踪，盯梢 A C D 返回 2．suspend ①A lamp was suspended from the ceiling. _____ ②The company was forced to suspend operations due to the pandemic. _____ ③The meeting has been suspended until further notice. _____ A．v.暂停，中止 B．v.延缓，推迟 C．v.悬挂，吊起 D．v.使暂停职 C A B 随堂巩固 深度拓展 返回 Ⅰ.语篇语境综合练(语境创新——词汇再练) 　　Living in space is an 1.__________ (awe) experience.Astronauts must become accustomed 2.___ a different way of life.The notion of floating in space sounds exciting，but it is not always unexceptional.The space shuttle takes 3.____ crew to space，where they often face challenges. 　　4．__________ (tragic)，accidents can cast a shadow on space missions. Once，a malfunction led to a crash that left families 5._________ (scream) in horror.In microgravity，items remain suspended in the air，which can be quite amusing yet risky. awesome to the Tragically screaming 　　Seeing the world with the naked eye from space is 6.___________ (stimulate)，offering views that are not available from Earth.Astronauts must learn 7._________ (angle) their bodies to fetch items floating around. 8.___________ (conceivable)，humans might one day live on Mars. 　　Training for missions is not straightforward.Everyday tasks such as brushing teeth，9.________ (sneeze)，and muscle exercises are challenging. Scientists work hard to create lifelike environments to help astronauts prepare. Space remains a 10.________ (fetch) frontier，filled with both risk and wonder. stimulating to angle Conceivably sneezing fetching Ⅱ.真题难句拓展练(剖析长句——精准翻译) 1．(2023·浙江1月卷)I've learned a few things along the way though，which I hope you'll find encouraging if you're doing your best to figure out how you can make the change in a not-always-supportive household. [剖析]　本句是一个复合句。句子主干为主谓宾结构 __________________ ______。which引导非限制性定语从句，指代前面整个句子；if引导状语从句；how引导宾语从句。 [翻译]　_________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ I've learned a few things 然而，在这一过程中，我也学到了一些东西。如果你正尽最大努力想出如何在一个并不总是支持你的家庭中做出改变的话，我希望你能从中得到鼓舞。 2．(2021·全国甲卷)Once，when trying a certain trick on the beam (横杆)，I fell onto the stones，damaging a nerve in my hand，and Toby came over，helping me up：Safe，man.Safe. [剖析]　本句是and连接的并列句。and前面的分句主干为主谓结构 __________________；when trying相当于状语从句的省略结构；damaging a nerve in my hand为结果状语。and后为简单句；helping me up为伴随状语。 [翻译]　_________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ I fell onto the stones 有一次，我尝试在横杆上做一个动作，结果摔倒在石头上，伤到了手上的一根神经；托比走过来把我扶起来：小心点，兄弟。小心点。 返回 情境迁移 写作微练 返回 Ⅰ.应用文写作增分练——外太空(参观南京紫金山天文台) 结合本单元话题，用单元词汇、经典句型完成下面的应用文写作并背诵。 [基础语料] 单元词汇 awesome，rekindle，instantaneously，scream，lifelike，galaxy，invisible，become accustomed to 经典句型 so...that...句型；as if句型；guided动词-ed形式作状语；that引导定语从句；allowing动词-ing形式作状语；on/upon doing结构 [情境呈现] 你校组织同学们参观了紫金山天文台(Purple Hills Observatory)，请你以A trip to Purple Hills Observatory写一篇文章给学校英文报投稿，讲述参观经历并发表感想。 [思路点拨] 人称 以第一人称为主 时态 以一般过去时为主 内容要点线索 第一段引出主题(概括话题)→第二段介绍具体参观内容和细节→结尾表达感想 [写作输出] A trip to Purple Hills Observatory 　　Visiting the Purple Hills Observatory in Nanjing was really an awesome experience. 　　(1)_____________________________(一进入天文台；on/upon doing结构)，the lights dimmed，and instantaneously，a breathtaking display of stars filled the ceiling.(2)________________________________________________ ____________________________(视觉效果是如此逼真，以至于我感觉好像被传送到了银河系本身；lifelike，galaxy；so...that...句型；as if句型).(3)___ _______________________________________________________________________ (然后在一位热心的天文学家的指导下，我们探索了宇宙的奥秘；guided动词-ed形式作状语). On/Upon entering the observatory The visuals were so lifelike that it felt as if I was transported into the galaxy itself Then guided by an enthusiastic astronomer，we explored the mysteries of the cosmos The images of distant galaxies (4)_______________________ (曾经似乎是看不见的；invisible；that引导定语从句)were displayed on the giant screens，leaving us in a state of wonder and screaming in amazement. 　　Seriously，this journey rekindled my fascination for the cosmos，(5)___________________________________________________________(让我习惯了宇宙的壮丽；become accustomed to；allowing动词-ing形式作状语). that once seemed invisible allowing me to become accustomed to the magnificence of the universe [变式表达] 根据本文最后一句话的意思填空，保持意义基本一致。 Truly，this trip _______________ my passion for the cosmos，helping me ____________________________________． has stimulated grow familiar with the universe's splendor Ⅱ.读后续写微点练—— 爱心人捐赠(景色描写) [基础语料] 词汇 scenic　　　　　　　　　 风景如画的 picturesque 风景如画的 breathtaking 壮观的 starry sky 满天繁星 stunning 极美的 snow-capped mountains 白雪皑皑的山峰 rolling hills 连绵起伏的山丘 natural beauty 自然风光 landscape view 风景 scenery spot 景点 句式 not...more表示最高级；强调谓语 细节描写 1.The moon shines brightly in the night sky. 月亮在夜空中闪耀。 2．The panoramic view from the top of the mountain was breathtaking. 山顶的全景令人叹为观止。 3．The picturesque countryside reminded her of a classic painting. 这个如诗如画的乡村让她想起了一幅经典画作。 4．The sunset created a dramatic display of colors over the ocean. 海洋上的日落呈现出戏剧性的色彩展示。 5．The stunning waterfall was hidden away in the heart of the jungle. 这个极美的瀑布隐藏在丛林深处。 [情境呈现] 家中物品多，需要处理→举办庭院拍卖→儿子Braxton想卖柠檬水攒钱买乐高→家庭准备拍卖和柠檬水站→拍卖开始，但Braxton的柠檬水未开张→一位女士购买玩具，慷慨给Braxton找零→家人感叹女士的善举→…… [思路点拨] 文体：记叙文 人称：第一、三人称 时态：一般过去时为主 续写思路：根据所给首句Several minutes passed and the woman returned.可知，接下来要写我们会思考女士返回的原因以及她的行为表现等。 [写作输出] 　　Several minutes passed and the woman returned.“Is there anything wrong？”I thought to myself.(1)_____________________________________ _________________________________ (我实际上认为她可能改变了主意，想要一杯柠檬水).(2)______________________________________(当然，我大错特错了； not...more表示最高级).(3)______________________________ _____ (她这次带着一个信封).She handed it to us and said，“It is for Braxton.And (4)____________________________________(我真的希望它能帮助他实现他的愿望； 强调谓语).”We thanked her and she walked away. (5)______________________________________________________(她走后我们打开信封，发现里面有一张100美元的钞票). I actually thought she might have changed her mind and wanted a cup of lemonade Of course，I couldn't have been more wrong She was carrying an envelope this time I do hope that it can help him with his wish We opened the envelope after she left and found a $100 bill in it 返回 [变式表达] 用动词-ing形式短语作状语改写最后一句。 ________________________________________________________________ Having opened the envelope after she left，we found a $100 bill in it. 单元测评 返回 Ⅰ.阅读理解(本题共8个小题；每小题2.5分，共20分) A (2025·武汉二调) 　　If you live on this planet, there's a decent chance you've seen the classic Star Trek Episode, in which Captain Kirk and several members find themselves in what appears to be another universe. 　　These days, it seems the idea of the multiverse—many worlds—is having its Hollywood moment.Its appeal as a storytelling device is obvious—characters explore a multi-world with varying degrees of similarity to our own, as well as different versions of themselves.Hence, it has been fully established in mainstream pop culture. 　　While Hollywood can't seem to get enough of the multiverse, it remains deeply controversial among scientists.Advocates on the two sides show no mercy toward each other in their books, on their blogs.But physicists didn't pull the idea out of thin air—rather, several distinct lines of reasoning seem to point to the multiverse's existence.However, critics warn that making the multiverse legal could make it harder for the public to distinguish speculative(推测性的) theories from established fact, making it more difficult to keep pseudo-science(伪科学) at bay.Giving credit to such speculation risks “turning fundamental physics into pseudo-science”． 　　The multiverse controversy is rooted in the idea of testability.If we can't interact with these other universes, or detect them in any way, some experts insist that reduces them to mere philosophical speculation.But Carroll, an advocate for “many worlds”， argues that mathematics is the language describing our physical theories.Since Schrdinger's equation (方程), on which quantum (量子) mechanic rests, predicts the existence of many worlds, so be it. 　　Could a more expansive view of the universe itself be the next breakthrough? As Siegfried puts it: “Every time in the past that we've thought，‘We've got it; this is what the whole universe is’—the people who've said，‘Maybe there's more than one of those’ have always turned out to be right.” 语篇解读　本文是一篇议论文。虽然近来好莱坞似乎对多元宇宙欲罢不能，但它在科学家看来仍然存在着很大的争议。 1．Why is Hollywood so occupied with the multiverse? A．It makes for engaging plots. B．It is a much-talked-about topic. C．It is helpful to popularize science. D．It dominates the mainstream pop culture. 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Its appeal as a storytelling device is obvious—characters explore a multi-world with varying degrees of similarity to our own, as well as different versions of themselves.” 可知，将多元宇宙作为一种讲故事的手段，非常具有吸引力。由此可知，好莱坞执着于多元宇宙，是因为它有引人入胜的情节。故选A。 √ 2．What does the underlined phrase in Paragraph 3 probably mean? A．Out of date. B．Out of place. C．Out of nowhere. D．Out of question. 词义猜测题。根据画线短语后面的 “rather, several distinct lines of reasoning seem to point to the multiverse's existence” 可知，有推理路线证明多元宇宙是存在的，由此可推知，这是有道理的，物理学家提出这个观点并不是无中生有/突然冒出来的。out of thin air意为 “凭空地，无中生有地”，C选项和画线短语意思相近。故选C。 √ 3．According to the opponents, the basic standard of fundamental physics is that ． A．it can be detected somehow B．it can be reasoned logically C．it can be interpreted philosophically D．it can be predicted by mathematics equation √ 推理判断题。根据第三段中的 “However, critics warn that making the multiverse legal could make it... Giving credit to such speculation risks ‘turning fundamental physics into pseudo-science’．” 可知，批评者认为让多元宇宙合法化可能会使公众难以区分推测性理论和既定事实，相信这种推测有可能导致基础物理学变成伪科学。由此可推知，基础物理学是以既定事实为基础的，能以某种方式被发现。故选A。 4．What might be the author's attitude toward the multiverse? A．Doubtful. B．Dismissive. C．Unclear. D．Approving. √ 观点态度题。根据第四段中的 “Since Schrdinger's equation (方程), on which quantum (量子)mechanic rests, predicts the existence of many worlds, so be it.” 和最后一段可知，作者认为既然有理论预测了许多世界的存在，那就顺其自然吧，那些说 “那其中也许不止一个” 的人总是被证明是对的。由此可推知，作者对多元宇宙的概念持支持态度。故选D。 B (2025·天域全国名校协作体联考) 　　With the fast development of astronomy, astronomers are eager to find a hint of the familiar: planets that resemble Earth.By pushing technology to the limits, astronomers are rapidly approaching the day when they can find another Earth. 　　The most direct approach is to take a picture of it with a telescope. However, a more effective way is to use “the Doppler technique”．This involves analyzing starlight for evidence that the star's movement is affected by the gravitational pull of a planet.Nowadays, astronomers can tell when a planet is pulling its star by only one meter a second—about human walking speed. That's enough to detect a giant planet in a big orbit, or a small planet if it's close to its star. 　　Another approach is to watch a star for a slight dip in its brightness.This occurs when an orbiting planet passes in front of the star and blocks part of its light.At most, a tenth of all planetary systems are oriented so that these mini-eclipses(日食)—called transits(凌日)—are visible from Earth.So, astronomers have to monitor a lot of stars to capture just a few transits. 　　The dream of astronomers is to discover a rocky planet roughly the size of Earth orbiting in a habitable zone, one that is neither too hot nor too cold to support life.If they succeed, they will have found what biologists believe could be a promising residence for life. 　　The best places to look may be dwarf stars.Smaller than the sun, dwarf stars are plentiful; seven of the ten stars nearest to Earth are dwarf stars.They also provide a steady supply of sunlight to any life-bearing planets within their habitable zone.Additionally, dwarf stars are dim, so the habitable zone lies closer in.If the planet is closer to the star, it's easier for astronomers to detect a transit observation.A close-in planet also has a stronger pull on its star.That makes it easier to detect with the Doppler method. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了天文学家寻找类地行星的方法和目标，科学家们使用望远镜、多普勒技术和监测恒星光度变化等方法来寻找类地行星。 5．According to Paragraph two, astronomers analyze starlight with the aim of finding ． A．where we can detect a giant orbit B．why a small planet is close to its stars C．whether the motion of the stars is changed D．how strong the power of the gravitational pull is 细节理解题。根据第二段中 “...is to use‘the Doppler technique’．This involves analyzing starlight for evidence that the star's movement is affected by the gravitational pull of a planet.” 可知，科学家利用多普勒技术来分析星光， 想要找出恒星的运动是否会受到某个行星引力的影响。故选C。 √ 6．Why do astronomers have to monitor a lot of stars to capture transits? A．Transits last a very short period of time. B．Most planetary systems don't have transits. C．Transits only occur for a small number of stars. D．No more than 10% planetary systems have visible transits from Earth. 推理判断题。根据第三段中 “At most... So, astronomers have to monitor a lot of stars to capture just a few transits.” 可知，最多只有十分之一的行星系统是定向的，这样从地球上就可以看到这些迷你日食，也就是所谓的凌日。由此可推知，天文学家必须监测很多恒星才能捕捉到一些凌日现象，因为可从地球上观测到凌日现象的行星系统不超过10%。故选D。 √ 7．Dwarf stars may be good places to spot Earth-like planets because ． A．dwarf stars are limited in number B．their planets are close to the Earth C．the closeness of the habitable zone to dwarf stars aids detection D．the brightness of dwarf stars to Earth improves their visibility √ 推理判断题。根据最后一段中 “Additionally, dwarf stars are dim... That makes it easier to detect with the Doppler method.” 可知，矮星亮度不高，故其离宜居住带近。如果宜居住带内的行星离矮星更近的话，天文学家更容易观察到其凌日现象，这样就更容易发现类地行星的存在，同时离得近的行星对矮星的引力就更强，因此更容易通过多普勒方法被观测到。故选C。 8．What is the author's attitude to the discovery of Earth-like planets? A．Confident. B．Suspicious. C．Ambiguous. D．Unconcerned. √ 观点态度题。文章第一段点题：随着天文学的发展，科学家们迫切想要发现类地行星的踪迹，通过不断地推进前沿科技，科学家们离找到一颗类地行星的日子不远了；再结合下文对两大方法的详细的正向的介绍可知，作者对找到类地行星很有信心。故选A。 Ⅱ.完形填空(本题共15个小题；每小题1分，共15分) (2025·重庆二测) 　　In 1970, Alan Ayers was participating in a skydiving team competition in Gainesville, Florida.He would be 1 out of a Cessna 172, a small four-seat passenger plane.In preparation, the passenger door and front passenger seat were 2 ， but the passenger side seatbelt remained. 　　Ayers' teammates skydived first, 3 him and the pilot as the only two people remaining in the plane.It was Ayers' 4 ．But as he stepped out into the air, his foot got 5 in the passenger side seatbelt. 　　“I was completely out of the plane on my back, 6 at the belly of the Cessna, with only my boot 7 to the pilot...I tried to pull myself up to reach the buckle (锁扣), but I just couldn't，” Ayers remembered. 　　Thousands of feet in the air, hanging from the plane, Ayers was out of 8 ．“And what happened next was 9 ，” Ayers said.“The 23-year-old pilot unbuckled her seatbelt, crouched (蹲) down in the door of the airplane, with both hands off the operating handle, and 10 my ankle.” 　　Ayers dropped away from the plane, opened his parachute, and landed 11 ．More than 50 years later, she often came into his 12 ， “To this day, I can see her two 13 hands reaching out of the door to unbuckle the belt，” Ayers said.“I owe my 14 to this person and will always think of her as one of the 15 people imaginable.” 语篇解读　本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了Alan Ayers 在跳伞时，脚被安全带卡住，人悬在半空中，机上的女飞行员看到后，冒着危险为他解开了安全带锁扣。 1．A．falling B．jumping C．marching D．sliding 2．A．repaired B．painted C．removed D．broken √ 根据上文“Alan Ayers was participating in a skydiving team competition”以及空后的 “out of a Cessna 172, a small four-seat passenger plane” 可知， Alan Ayers 要从飞机上跳下来。故选B。 √ 根据空后的“but the passenger side seatbelt remained”可知，安全带被保留了下来，空处所在句与下文是转折关系，说明乘客门和副驾驶座位都被拆除了。故选C。 3．A．leaving B．recognizing C．choosing D．admiring 4．A．right B．luck C．chance D．turn 根据空前的“Ayers' teammates skydived first”和空后的“him and the pilot”可知， Ayers 的队友先跳伞，飞机上仅剩下他和飞行员两个人。故选A。 √ √ 根据下文“as he stepped out into the air”可知，此处表示轮到Ayers跳了。故选D。 5．A．hurt B．caught C．spotted D．covered 6．A．hitting back B．looking down C．staring up D．pushing forward 根据空后的“in the passenger side seatbelt”以及下文 “I tried to pull myself up to reach the buckle (锁扣)” 可知，Ayers 的脚应是被副驾驶的安全带卡住了。故选B。 √ √ 根据空前的“I was completely out of the plane on my back”可知， Ayers 仰面悬挂在飞机外面，所以此处是指向上凝视着飞机腹部。故选C。 7．A．challenging B．confusing C．fearful D．visible 8．A．sight B．trouble C．options D．doors √ 根据上文“I was completely out of the plane on my back”以及空后的“to the pilot”可知， Ayers 整个上半身已经在飞机外面，脚被安全带卡住，所以飞行员只能看见他的靴子。故选D。 √ 根据上文“Thousands of feet in the air, hanging from the plane” 可知， Ayers在几千英尺高的空中，挂在飞机上，别无选择。故选C。 9．A．incredible B．exciting C．accidental D．disappointing 10．A．straightened B．pushed C．dropped D．freed √ 根据下文 “The 23-year-old pilot unbuckled her seatbelt, crouched (蹲) down in the door of the airplane...” 可知， Ayers本来处于绝望中，但女飞行员不顾自身安危，解开了她的安全带去帮助他，这令他难以置信。故选A。 √ 根据下文“Ayers dropped away from the plane”可知， Ayers离开了飞机，故此处指女飞行员使他的脚踝从安全带中解脱出来。故选D。 11．A．dramatically B．safely C．unconsciously D．regretfully 12．A．possession B．mind C．position D．focus 根据上文“Ayers dropped away from the plane, opened his parachute” 以及下文提到多年后他的回忆可知， Ayers离开飞机，打开降落伞，他安全(safely)着陆了。故选B。 √ √ 根据下文 “To this day, I can see her two hands reaching out of the door to unbuckle the belt” 可知，此处是多年后 Ayers 回忆起女飞行员救自己的一幕，所以此处指，那位女飞行员出现在他的脑海(mind)里。故选B。 13．A．young B．practiced C．dirty D．bony 14．A．fame B．victory C．life D．health √ 根据上文“The 23-year-old pilot”可知，这位女飞行员很年轻(young)。故选A。 √ 根据上文内容可知， Ayers 从飞机上跳伞时脚被安全带卡住了，悬挂在飞机外，女飞行员不顾自身安危，为他解开了安全带，故此处指， “我” 欠她一条命(life)。故选C。 15．A．bravest B．happiest C．kindest D．wisest 根据上文描述的女飞行员的行为可知，女飞行员解开了安全带，蹲在飞机舱门里，双手离开了操作手柄，这是非常勇敢的行为。故选A。 √ 返回 谢 谢 观 看 Unit 6　Space and beyond $