必修第三册 UNIT 3 DEVERSE CULTURES（教师用书Word）-【正禾一本通】2026年新高考英语高三一轮总复习高效讲义（人教版）

该高中英语高考复习讲义围绕词汇、句式、语篇及写作核心考点，按“分类识记-多维拓展-语篇应用”逻辑架构知识点，涵盖核心/多义/阅读词汇、重点短语、复杂句式（what主语从句、“名词+of+关系代词”定语从句等）及高考写作题型，通过考点梳理、方法指导（如熟词生义对比）、真题训练（阅读/完形/写作）等环节，帮助学生系统构建知识网络，突破高频难点。 资料创新采用“语篇串记+情境应用”教学法，如通过多元文化主题美文整合词汇短语，在写作中融入what从句仿写训练，既提升语言能力，又渗透文化意识与思维品质培养。设置分层练习（单句语法填空、语料综合运用）配合真题精讲，确保短时高效突破考点，为教师把控复习节奏、提升学生应考能力提供实用指导。

任务(一)　词汇、句式、语篇背诵 词汇多维背诵(分类识记，各个击破) 核心单词 围绕话题：多元文化 1．explore the diverse cultures downtown 　　　 探索市中心的多元文化 2．seek out unique cultural experiences 寻求独特的文化体验 3．visit cultural districts and missions 参观文化区和传教区 4．claim a deeper understanding of diversity 宣称对多样性有更深的理解 5．attend a series of cultural events 参加一系列文化活动 6．escape the ordinary through cultural immersion 通过文化熏陶摆脱平庸 7．discover a super diverse neighborhood 发现一个超级多元化的社区 8．explore cultural materials and clothing 探索文化材料和服装 多义单词 词组(一)　熟词生义与词性活用 1．earn [熟义]vt.& vi.挣得；赚得→[生义]vt.博得；赢得：earn someone's trust/respect 赢得某人的信任/尊重 2．chip [熟义]n.(英)炸土豆条；(美)炸薯片→[生义]n.碎片；芯片：a silicon chip in a computer 计算机中的硅芯片 3．admit [熟义]vi.& vt.承认→[生义]vt.准许进入(或加入)：admit a student to the university 准许学生进入大学 4．contain [熟义]vt.含有；包含；容纳→[生义]vt.遏制；控制；克制：contain one's anger/emotions 克制某人的愤怒/情绪 5．suit [熟义]vt.适合；相配；合身 n．西服；套装→[生义]vt.满足……需要：suit the needs of customers 满足客户的需求 6．mushroom n．蘑菇；蕈→vi.迅速增长；迅速增加[词性活用]：The number of tourists mushroomed.游客数量迅速增加。 词组(二)　一词多义 1．settle vi.& vt.结束(争论)；解决(纠纷)；结(账)；(使)处于舒适的位置；(使)沉降；安排好 vi.定居；停留；降落 ①settle down in a new city 在新城市安顿下来 ②settle a dispute peacefully 和平解决争端 ③settle the bill at the restaurant 在餐厅结账 ④settle into a comfortable routine 进入舒适的日常生活 2.claim vt.宣称；断言；声称；要求(拥有)；索取；赢得；夺取(生命) n．声称，主张；权利；索赔 ①claim the prize money 领取奖金 ②claim to be an expert 自称是专家 ③claim a piece of land 要求占有一块土地 ④claim on an insurance policy for sth 按保险索赔…… 3．item n．项目；一条(新闻)；一件商品(或物品) ①items on the meeting agenda 会议议程上的项目 ②an item of breaking news 一条重大新闻 ③a rare collector's item 稀有收藏品 4.bar n．条，块，棒，带；酒吧；小吃店；栏杆；(球门)横梁；标准 vt.阻拦，禁止；(用铁条或木条)封，堵 ①a bar of dark chocolate 一块黑巧克力 ②bar code scanning system 条形码扫描系统 ③behind bars in prison 身陷囹圄 ④raise the bar higher 提高标准 ⑤bar the way/path/road 阻挡道路 阅读单词 1．cheese　 　　 n．干酪；奶酪 2．ethnic adj.具有民族特色的；异国风味的；民族的；种族的 3．comic n．连环画杂志；漫画杂志；喜剧演员 adj.滑稽的；使人发笑的 4．immigrant n．(外来)移民；外侨 5．china n．瓷；瓷器 6．boot n．靴子 7．accessory n．配饰；附件；配件 8．souvenir n．纪念物；纪念品 9．definitely adv.肯定；确实 10．journal n．日志；日记；报纸；刊物 11．percentage n．百分率；百分比 12．climate n．气候 13．mild　 　 adj.温和的；和善的；轻微的 14．material n．材料；布料；素材 adj.物质的；实际的 15．neat adj.极好的；整洁的；整齐的 16．jazz n．爵士乐[助记：jazz为音译词] 17．tai chi n．太极拳 [助记：play tai chi打太极拳] 18．herbal adj.药草的；香草的[词根：herb n．草本植物] 19．district n．地区；区域 [近义：area；region；zone] 20．mild adj.和善的；轻微的；温和的[近义：gentle] 21．diagram n．简图；图解；图表；示意图[近义：chart] 22．Atlantic adj.大西洋的[联想：the Atlantic Ocean 大西洋； the Pacific Ocean太平洋；the Arctic Ocean北冰洋； the Indian Ocean印度洋] 拓展单词 1．diverse adj.　　　 不同的；多种多样的 diversity n. 差异(性)；不同(点)；多样性 2．fortune n. 机会；运气 fortunate adj. 幸运的；吉利的 fortunately adv. 幸运地 unfortunately adv. 不幸地 3．admit vi.& vt. 承认 vt. 准许进入(或加入) admission n. 准入；准许；承认；入场费；门票 4．definite adj. 确实的 definitely adv. 肯定；确实 5．history n. 历史 historical adj. (有关)历史的 historic adj. 历史上著名的 6．earn vt.& vi. 挣得；赚得；赢得；博得 earnings n. 利润；收入，工资 7．minor adj. 较小的 minority n. 少数民族；少数派；少数人 majority n. 多数，大多数 8．finance n. 财政，财政学；金融 financial adj. 财政的；财务的；金融的 financially adv. 财政上；金融上 ,9.poison n.　　　　 毒物；毒药；毒素 vt. 毒死；毒害 poisonous adj. 引起中毒的；有毒的；分泌毒素的 10．fold vt. 包；裹；折叠 vt.& vi. (可)折小；(可)叠平 unfold vt.& vi. (使)展开；打开 11．collect vt. 收集，收藏 collection n. 作品集；收集物；收藏品 12．mild adj. 温和的；和善的；轻微的 mildly adv. 温和地；和善地；轻微地 13．settle vt.& vi. 解决(纠纷)；确定；安排好 vi. 定居 settler n. 移民；殖民者 settlement n. 居民点；清算；解决 14．construct vt. 建筑；建造 construction n. 建筑；建造；建造物；(句子、短语等的)结构 15．suit vt. 适合；满足……需要；相配；合身 n. 西服；套装 suitable adj. 合适的 16．contain vt. 包含；含有；容纳 container n. 容器 17．neat adj. 极好的；整洁的；整齐的 neatly adv. 极好地；整洁地；整齐地 重点短语 1．head to (朝……)前进；(向……)去 2．series of 一系列或一连串(事件) 3．turn into 变成；成为 4．to name but a few 仅举几例 5．(at) first hand 第一手；亲自 6．earn a living 谋生[同义：make a living] 7．apart from 除了……外(还)；此外[同义：aside from] 8．bring about 导致；引起[同义：lead to；result in] 9．can't wait (to do sth) 迫不及待(做某事)[联想：can't help doing情不自禁……] 10．all year round 一整年；全年[同义：throughout the year] 单元佳句过关(遮挡背诵，自我检测) 1.The museum did a really good job of showing how America was built by immigrants from different countries and cultures.(how引导的宾语从句) 2．What started as a residential area for Chinese immigrants then turned into a centre for Chinese culture.(what引导的主语从句) 3．The majority of residents in Chinatown are still ethnic Chinese，many of whom do not speak English fluently.(“代词/名词＋of＋关系代词”引导的定语从句) 4．There is Chinese food to suit everyone's taste，with traditional dishes from all over China.(there be句型；with复合结构) [遮住左栏尝试背诵] 1．这家博物馆完美地展示了美国是如何由来自不同国家和文化的移民建设起来的。 2．这里原本是中国移民的居住地，后来变成了中华文化的中心。 3．唐人街的绝大多数居民依旧是华人，他们中很多人英语说得并不流利。 4．这里有着来自中国各地的适合每个人的口味的传统菜肴。 语篇串记词汇(背美文，记单词) 　　I had always been attracted to ethnic cultures.So wearing my jeans and boots，I went to Dali，Yunnan Province，which is a district of diverse minorities and has a mild climate.It was a definitely super experience.In fact，at first，I thought there would be a large percentage of constructions made of primitive materials due to financial difficulty.However，it turned out that the downtown area contained neat bars in which jazz was played and shops where special clothing，accessories，souvenirs and china，to name but a few were for sale.Tourists can always select what suits them best.Many people are migrants from other places.Some come to seek their fortune or earn a living while others settle down to escape from the cold north of China.Afterwards，I headed to a neighborhood where the Bai ethnic group lived.I had the fortune to participate in a series of activities，including identifying poisonous mushrooms，learning about herbal medicine，and collecting items unique to the Bai.Apart from this，I tasted really spicy local food.I experienced the culture first hand and wrote journals every day. [遮住左栏，忆加黑词汇] 我一直都被民族文化吸引。所以，我穿着牛仔裤和靴子，去了云南大理，这是一个少数民族多元化的地区，气候温和。这是一次绝佳的体验。事实上，一开始我认为，由于经济困难，这里会有很大一部分建筑是由简易材料建造的。然而，事实证明市中心有演奏爵士乐的整洁的酒吧，还有出售特色服装、配饰、纪念品和瓷器的商店，不一而足。游客总是可以选择最适合他们的东西。许多人都是来自其他地方的移民。有些人来寻求发迹的机会或来谋生，而另一些人则定居下来以逃离中国北方寒冷的生活。后来，我去了一个白族居住的社区。我有幸参加了一系列的活动，包括识别毒蘑菇，学习草药，以及收集白族特有的物品。除此之外，我还尝到了非常辣的当地食物。我亲身体验了这个文化，每天都在写日记。 任务(二)　背诵过关检测 Ⅰ.单词检测 (Ⅰ)英汉互译 1．cheese　　　 n．干酪；奶酪 2．ethnic adj.具有民族特色的；异国风味的；民族的；种族的 3．china n．瓷；瓷器 4．jazz n．爵士乐 5．diagram n．简图；图解；图表；示意图 6．accessory n．配饰；附件；配件 7．souvenir n．纪念物；纪念品 8．herbal adj.药草的；香草的 9．definitely adv.肯定；确实 10．downtown adv.在市中心；往市中心 11．mission n．传教(区)；重要任务；使命 12．district n．地区；区域 13．seek vt.& vi.寻找；寻求；争取；(向人)请求 14．journal n．日志；日记；报纸；刊物 15．claim vt.& n．夺取(生命)；宣称；断言 16．series n．一系列；连续；接连 17．escape vi.& vt.逃走；逃脱；避开 n．逃跑；逃脱；解脱 18．percentage n．百分率；百分比 19．climate n．气候 20．mild adj.温和的；和善的；轻微的 21．material n.材料；布料；素材 adj.物质的；实际的 22．neat adj.极好的；整洁的；整齐的 (Ⅱ)熟词生义与一词多义 1．earn someone's trust 　　　　 赢得某人的信任 2．a silicon chip in a computer 计算机中的硅芯片 3．admit a student to the university 准许学生进入大学 4．contain one's anger 克制自己的愤怒 5．suit the needs of customers 满足客户的需求 6．The number of tourists mushroomed. 游客数量迅速增加。 7．settle down in a new city 在新城市安顿下来 8．claim the prize money 领取奖金 9．items on the meeting agenda 会议议程上的项目 10．bar the way/path/road 阻挡道路 (Ⅲ)写出派生或词性、词义 1．diverse adj.不同的；多种多样的→diversity n．差异(性)；不同(点)；多样性 2．fortune n．机会；运气→fortunate adj.幸运的；吉利的→fortunately adv.幸运地 3．admit vi.& vt.承认 vt.准许进入(或加入)→admission n．准入；准许；承认；入场费；门票 4．history n．历史→historical adj.(有关)历史的→historic adj.历史上著名的 5．minor adj.较小的→minority n．少数民族；少数派；少数人 6．finance n．财政，财政学；金融→financial adj.财政的；财务的；金融的 7．poison n．毒物；毒药；毒素vt.毒死；毒害→poisonous adj.引起中毒的；有毒的；分泌毒素的 8．fold vt.包；裹；折叠 vt.& vi.(可)折小；(可)叠平→(反) unfold vt.& vi.(使)展开；打开 9．settle vt.& vi.解决(纠纷)；确定；安排好 vi.定居→settler n．移民；殖民者→settlement n．居民点；清算；解决 10．suit vt.适合；满足……需要；相配；合身 n．西服；套装→suitable adj.合适的 Ⅱ.短语英汉互译 1．head to　　　　　　　 (朝……)前进；(向……)去 2．series of 一系列或一连串(事件) 3．turn into 变成；成为 4．earn a living 谋生 5．apart from 除了……外(还)；此外 6．can't wait (to do sth) 迫不及待(做某事) 7．all year round 一整年；全年 8．(at) first hand 第一手；亲自 9．bring about 导致；引起 10．to name but a few 仅举几例 Ⅲ.佳句默写(温馨提示：用衡水体认真书写) 1．这里原本是中国移民的居住地，后来变成了中华文化的中心。(what引导的主语从句) What started as a residential area for Chinese immigrants then turned into a centre for Chinese culture. 2．唐人街的绝大多数居民依旧是华人，他们中很多人英语说得并不流利。(“代词/名词＋of＋关系代词”引导的定语从句) The majority of residents in Chinatown are still ethnic Chinese，many of whom do not speak English fluently. 3．这里有着来自中国各地的适合每个人的口味的传统菜肴。(there be句型；with复合结构) There is Chinese food to suit everyone's taste，with traditional dishes from all over China. Part 1　核心词句——学表达 fortune n．机会；运气→fortunate adj.幸运的；侥幸的→fortunately adv.幸运地 【高考真题】　(2024·新高考Ⅰ卷应用文写作)It was fortunate for us to enjoy the fresh air and natural scenery while painting.我们很幸运在绘画的同时能够享受新鲜空气和自然风光。 ◎have the good fortune to do sth 有幸做某事 ◎seek/try one's fortune 寻找成功致富之路；闯世界 ◎make a fortune 发财；赚钱 ◎be fortunate to do sth 有幸做某事 【写作语料】　 ◎dream of making a fortune in big cities梦想在大城市发财 ◎a stroke of good fortune 一次幸运的机会 ◎try his fortune 碰运气 ◎be fortunate enough to deliver a speech here 有幸在这里发表演讲 【语境运用】　完成句子/一句多译 ①在中国，孩子们会收到红包，希望在新的一年里带来好运。[节日介绍] In China，children are given money in a red envelope in the hope of bringing good fortune in the New Year. ②(2024·新高考Ⅰ卷)我们有幸上周五在公园上了一节美术课。 →We had the good fortune to have an art class in the park last Friday. →We were fortunate to have an art class in the park last Friday. →Fortunately，we had an art class in the park last Friday. admit vt.& vi.承认(过错、罪行)，招认 vt.准许进入；准许加入；接纳；容纳；(生义)接收……入院，收治→admission n．允许进入；承认；入场费；门票 【高考真题】　(2024·全国甲卷应用文写作)New energy vehicles, such as electric cars, are being admitted as a crucial part of China's green transportation future.电动汽车等新能源汽车正被接纳为中国绿色交通未来的重要组成部分。 ◎admit (to) doing/having done/that... 承认做/做过/承认…… ◎It is universally/widely admitted/acknowledged that... 人们公认…… ◎be admitted to/into 被录取到；被允许进入；接收(入院) ◎be admitted as... 被接纳为……；作为……被接受； 作为……被招收 【写作语料】　 ◎be admitted to/into a key medical college被一个重点医学院录取 ◎be admitted to the theatre获准进入剧院 ◎free admission 免费入场券 【语境运用】　单句填空/完成句子 ①The young man admitted throwing/having thrown (throw) some bottles through the car window and thus was fined a large sum of money. ②得知你已被北京大学录取，我写信真诚地祝贺你。 Learning that you have been admitted into/to Peking University, I am writing to offer sincere congratulations to you. ③(2024·全国甲卷)人们公认，近年来中国在交通基础设施方面取得了重大进展。 It is widely acknowledged that China has made significant progress in transportation infrastructure in recent years. occur vi.(occurred，occurred，occurring)发生；出现→occurrence n．发生；出现 【高考真题】　(2021·浙江1月卷读后续写)It suddenly occurred to/struck/hit me that I could win the first place by forcing my head inside the pumpkin.我突然想到，我可以通过把我的头塞进南瓜赢得第一名。 ◎sth occurs to sb 某人突然想起某事；某物出现在某人脑海中 ◎It occurs to/strikes/hits sb that... 某人突然想起…… 【写作语料】　 ◎occur frequently/rarely 经常/很少发生 ◎a common occurrence 常见的事情 ◎the occurrence of an event 事件的发生 【语境运用】　一句多译 (2023·新高考Ⅰ卷)我从没想过他会在写作比赛中取得如此大的成功。 ①It never occurred to me that he would make such a great success in the writing contest. (occur) ②It never hit me that he would make such a great success in the writing contest. (hit) ③It never struck me that he would make such a great success in the writing contest. (strike) escape vi.& vt.逃走；逃脱；避开 vt.被忘掉 n．逃跑；逃脱；解脱 【高考真题】　(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷读后续写)“You helped me escape my fears and discover my love for writing，” I said, my voice filled with gratitude. “你帮助我摆脱了恐惧，并发现了我对写作的热爱，”我说，声音里充满了感激之情。[感激心理描写] ◎escape from 从……逃脱，从……逃跑 ◎escape (doing) sth 避开(做)某事 ◎escape being done 逃避被…… 【写作语料】　 ◎have a narrow escape死里逃生 ◎sth (the name/date/title) escapes sb 某人记不起某事(名字/日期/名称) ◎escape being caught 逃脱抓捕 【语境运用】　单句填空/完成句子 ①The lucky driver narrowly escaped being hit (hit) by a speeding car at the intersection. ②It was claimed that a prisoner had escaped from the prison，which shocked the public. ③(2020·浙江7月卷)最后，我们死里逃生，很幸运没有被那头饥饿的北极熊伤害到。 At last，we had a narrow escape，fortunately escaping being hurt by the hungry polar bear. seek vt.& vi.(sought，sought)寻找；寻求；争取；(向人)请求 【高考真题】　(2024·全国甲卷应用文写作)Consumers seek out new energy vehicles as a way to reduce their carbon footprint.消费者选择新能源汽车作为减少碳足迹的一种方式。 ◎seek out (尤指费时地)找出；找到 ◎seek for... 寻找…… ◎seek to do sth 试图做某事 【写作语料】　 ◎seek jobs/advice/assistance 寻找工作/征求建议/寻求帮助 ◎seek light­hearted ways to learn English寻求轻松的方法学习英语 ◎seek out international cooperation寻求国际合作 【语境运用】　单句填空/完成句子 ①(2024·全国甲卷)Shared bicycle companies seek to provide (provide)a convenient and environmentally friendly mode of transportation. ②迈克遇到麻烦时向朋友寻求建议，但他们拒绝了。 Mike sought advice from his friends when he was in trouble，but they turned him down. ③我在英语方面遇到了一些困难，因此我只得寻求你的帮助。[求助信] Confronted with some difficulties with my English，I have no choice but to seek your help． bring about 导致；引起 【高考真题】　(2024·新高考Ⅰ卷读后续写)“You really brought about a change in my perspective on travel，” I said, realizing how his support had turned a crisis into a memorable experience.“你真的改变了我对旅行的看法，”我说，我意识到他的支持是如何把一场危机变成了一场难忘的经历。 ◎bring up 抚养；培养；教育；提出；呕吐 ◎bring in 引进；获利；赚钱 ◎bring out 出版；使显现 ◎bring down 使倒下；减少；降低 ◎bring back 把……带回来；使回忆起 【写作语料】　 The kindness of the family brought back my faith in humanity and I would try to bring warmth to others in the future.[主旨升华] 这家人的善意让我重拾了对人性的信心，将来我会努力给别人带来温暖。 【语境运用】　用bring相关短语填空 在当今全球化的世界里，促进对多元文化的理解和欣赏至关重要。父母和教育工作者在培养孩子的开放心态上发挥着重要作用。学校可以邀请客座演讲者并组织文化活动，让学生接触各种传统和习俗。此外，媒体和文学可以展现不同文化的美和丰富性，培养人与人之间的同理心，增进相互理解。 In today's globalized world, it is essential to promote greater understanding and appreciation of diverse cultures.Parents and educators play a crucial role in ①bringing up children to be open­minded.Schools can ②bring in guest speakers and organize cultural events to expose students to various traditions and customs.Furthermore, media and literature can ③bring out the beauty and richness of different cultures, fostering empathy and understanding among people. 句式：what引导名词性从句 【教材原句】　But perhaps what many tourists and San Franciscans treasure most about Chinatown is its food.然而，很多游客和旧金山人最钟爱的或许是唐人街的美食。 what 引导的名词性从句可以作主语、宾语、表语和同位语。what一般有五种翻译方式： ①……的东西或事情　②……的人或……的样子　③……的数量或数目　④……的时间　⑤……的地方 注意：that引导名词性从句，在从句中不作任何成分，只起连接作用。 【写作佳句】　 ①(2024·新高考Ⅰ卷)What I enjoyed most about this outdoor art class was the opportunity to connect with nature. 我最喜欢这次户外美术课的地方是有机会与大自然接触。 ②(2024·新高考Ⅰ卷)What I found most challenging was to accurately represent the colors and textures of the landscape. 我发现最具挑战性的地方是准确地表现景观的颜色和纹理。 ③(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷)What the contest taught me is that determination and devotion are the stepping stone of success. 这场比赛教会我的是，坚持和全身心投入是成功的垫脚石。 【仿写借鉴】　完成句子 ①(2024·新高考Ⅰ卷)从这次经历中我学到，艺术可以在任何地方创作，不仅仅是在画室里。 What I learned from this experience is that art can be created anywhere, not just in a studio. ②(2023·全国甲卷)我们能从他身上学到的是他非凡的勇气和对该事业的奉献精神。 What we can learn from him is his great courage and dedication to the cause. ③(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷读后续写)我所取得的成就不仅仅是赢得一场比赛，而是发挥我自己的潜力。 What I had accomplished was not just about winning a contest, but about realizing my own potential. 句式：“不定代词/数词/名词＋of＋关系代词”引导的定语从句 【教材原句】　The majority of residents in Chinatown are still ethnic Chinese，many of whom do not speak English fluently.唐人街的绝大多数居民仍然是华人，他们中很多人英语说得并不流利。 ◎one/two/several/most/each/all/...＋of which/whom... ◎the＋n.＋of which/whom...(该结构一般可与“whose＋n.”互换) 【写作佳句】　 ①Setting off firecrackers is banned in our city, the purpose of which is to protect the environment. 我们城市禁止燃放鞭炮，其目的是保护环境。 ②(2024·全国甲卷)The high­speed trains, most of which are equipped with advanced technology, have transformed long­distance travel. 高铁大多配备了先进技术，已经改变了长途旅行。 ③(2024·全国甲卷)Many high­speed trains, some of which reduce travel time significantly, connect major cities across China. 遍布中国各地的高铁将中国各主要城市连接了起来，部分列车极大地缩短了旅行时间。,【仿写借鉴】　完成句子/一句多译 ①(2024·全国甲卷)城市里有很多共享单车，其中很少有无人看管的，维护得很好。 A number of shared bicycles, few of which are left unattended, are well­maintained in the city. ②下周五上午9点我们班将举行主题为“为什么健康很重要”的班会。 →A class meeting is to be held at 9 a．m.next Friday in our class, the topic of which is Why Health Is Important．(which) →A class meeting is to be held at 9 a．m.next Friday in our class, whose topic is Why Health Is Important．(whose) Part 2　阅读词汇——善辨义 1．bar ①He often visits the bar after work to relax and socialize with friends. A ②The security guard will bar anyone without proper identification from entering the building. C ③The fallen tree acted as a bar, blocking the hikers' path through the forest. B 2．item Ｋ ①The meeting agenda includes several important items that need to be discussed today. B ②She carefully packed each item of clothing into her suitcase before leaving for the trip. A ③The news broadcast covered various items, including local events and international affairs. C 3．claim A.vt.宣称　B．vt.索回　C．vt.索赔　D．vt.认领　E．vt.夺取(生命) ①Heart disease is the biggest killer，claiming 180，000 lives per year. E ②The scientist claimed to have discovered a new kind of medicine. A ③You can claim your money back if the goods are damaged. B ④Because the accident had not been her fault，Barbara was able to claim damages. C ⑤If the owner doesn't claim the dog in 48 hours，you can apply for adoption. D 4．settle A.vi.定居；安顿　B．vt.解决　C．vt.最终确定 D．vt.使平静下来，安静下来　E．vi.降落；停留 ①I tried to settle the crying baby down，but in vain. D ②(2022·全国甲卷)The disagreement was so sharp that neither he nor I knew how to settle it. B ③With no one living in it for weeks，dust has settled on everything in the house. E ④(2021·全国甲卷)Everyone in the family settled quickly into the city except me. A ⑤It's all settled—we're leaving on the nine o'clock plane. C 巧借词根struct推测词义 词根“struct”来源于拉丁语“struere”，意思是“建造、构造”。 [本单元]structure n．结构，构造；建筑物 [相关词]①superstructure n．上层建筑；构架 ②instructor n．指导者，讲师 1．The destruction caused by the earthquake left many families homeless and in need of help. [词义]de(向下)＋struct(建造)＋ion(名词后缀)→destruction n．破坏，毁灭 2．The government allocated funds to reconstruct the damaged buildings after the devastating hurricane. [词义]re(再次)＋construct(建造)→reconstruct vt.重建，修复 3．The destructive storm caused severe damage to homes, roads, and other critical infrastructure. [词义]de(向下)＋struct(建造)＋ive(形容词后缀)→destructive adj.破坏性的 4．The structural integrity of the building was compromised due to years of neglect and decay. [词义]struct(建造)＋ure(名词后缀)＋al(形容词后缀)→structural adj.结构的 5．The infrastructure of the city includes roads, bridges, and public transportation systems. [词义]infra(在下面)＋struct(建造)＋ure(名词后缀)→infrastructure n．基础设施 6．The reconstruction of the historic monument preserved its original design while improving its durability. [词义]re(再次)＋construct(建造)＋ion(名词后缀)→reconstruction n．重建，修复 (一)核心词句专练——单句语法填空 1．(2024·浙江1月卷)If most of their customers are happy to buy larger quantities, that's what they'll promote. 2．The frightened deer tried to escape being caught (catch) by the tiger，but in vain. 3．A good idea occurred (occur)to me that I could go downtown to buy some souvenirs after the mission. 4．He was worried，because he lost his bag containing (contain) his passport, ID card and a lot of money. 5．Born into a family with three brothers，David was brought up to value the sense of sharing. 6．With the Spring Festival approaching, most Chinese people can't wait to go (go) home. 7．Jim was bitten by a dog in the park.Fortunately (fortune)，he only got slightly injured. 8．My colleague admitted complaining/having complained (complain) a great deal about income. (二)阅读词汇猜词——熟词生义、派生 1．(2022·浙江1月卷)One day I got word that he was admitted to hospital for a serious disease. vt.接收……入院 2．My father could hardly contain his pride in me.vt.控制；抑制 3．It is no surprising that he earned praise for his honesty.vt.赢得；博得 4．The media training industry has mushroomed over the past decade.vi.迅速成长；大量涌现 5．Penguins are nonmigratory birds; they do not fly to warmer climates during the winter months. ◎non­(不，非)＋migrate(迁移，移动)＋ory(有……性质的)→nonmigratory adj.非迁移性的 6．The literary critic sought to deconstruct the novel, examining its themes, symbols, and narrative structure. ◎de­(反向动作)＋construct→deconstruct v．解构，拆析 (一)应用文写作[电子邮件——邀请外国朋友Jim] (2025·长沙高三模拟)假设你是李华，你的外国朋友Jim对中国文化很感兴趣，请你写一封邮件邀请他一起参加你校文化艺术节活动，内容包括： 1．时间、地点；2.活动安排。 选用本单元所学知识和右栏词块翻译句子 第一段：开头点出写信目的 1．我很高兴能邀请你来参加我们学校的文化艺术节，这对于任何想要沉浸在中国文化中的人来说都是一笔财富。 I am thrilled to invite you to the Cultural and Art Festival at our school, which is a fortune for anyone seeking to immerse themselves in Chinese culture. 第二段：具体介绍活动安排 2．该活动将于10月10日在学校礼堂举行。 The event will occur on October 10th at the school auditorium. 3．我们将从上午9点开始接待游客，该项目将包括一系列的表演、研讨会和展览，展示我们丰富的传统。 We will admit visitors from 9 am, and the program will settle into a series of performances, workshops, and exhibitions showcasing the richness of our traditions. 4．最让我兴奋的是有机会逃离世俗，寻求中国艺术的深度，这将带来一个新的生活视角。(what 引导的主语从句) What excites me the most is the opportunity to escape the mundane and seek the depth of Chinese arts, which will bring about a new perspective on life. 第三段：最后点出期待 5．我相信我们这是交了好运才迎来这么一天。如果你能参加，请让我知道。我渴望与你分享这段经历。 I believe it will be a day that fortune smiles upon us.Please let me know if you can join.I am eager to share this experience with you. [构建语义场——多元文化] 1．多元文化的概念与表现 ①cultural diversity 文化多样性 ②cultural exchange 文化交流 ③cultural heritage 文化遗产 ④traditional customs 传统习俗 ⑤folk art 民间艺术 ⑥immerse oneself in Chinese culture 沉浸在中国文化中 ⑦cultural awareness 文化意识 ⑧seek the depth of Chinese arts 寻求中国艺术的深度 2．语言交流与教育 ⑨language barrier 语言障碍 bilingualism 双语能力 ⑪intercultural communication跨文化交流 ⑫sign language 手语 ⑬global education 全球教育 ⑭study abroad programs 留学项目 3．社会与社区 ⑮community engagement 社区参与 ⑯social inclusion 社会包容 ⑰immigrant experience 移民经历 ⑱cultural festivals 文化节 4．经济与政治表现 ⑲cultural tourism 文化旅游 ⑳economic globalization 经济全球化 cultural shock 文化冲击 intercultural collaboration 跨文化合作 global challenges 全球挑战 (二)读后续写[文化多样性话题＋哭泣、流泪情感描写(2)] Ⅰ.教材语料背诵 词汇 [情感描写]　fortune→fortunate→unfortunate；suffer；mild；excited；super；cool；treasure；care [动作描写]　admit；occur；head to；seek；select；claim；escape；fold；settle；earn a living；experience traditional Chinese culture first hand；experience a real taste of China；practise tai chi 佳句 1.I have to admit that it definitely feels good to be back in the city again.(情感描写) 2．I walked around looking at the street art for a few hours.(动作描写) 3．Many others found jobs on farms，joined the gold rush，or went to build the railway that joined California to the eastern region of the country.(动作描写) 4．Visitors can also spend hours just exploring the interesting sights，smells，and sounds of China.(动作描写) Ⅱ.拓展语料积累 词汇 misty 泪眼模糊的；watery 眼泪汪汪的；tearful 眼含热泪的；choke with emotion 哽咽得说不出话，tears cloud one's eyes泪水模糊了双眼；tears well up in one's eyes热泪盈眶；tears roll/stream/run/flow down one's cheeks泪水滑落脸庞；be wet with tears/in tears泪流满面；be close to tears快要哭了；with a lump in one's throat喉咙哽咽；break down崩溃大哭 佳句 1.He stood silently，tears rolling down his cheeks，while the music played.(独立主格结构) 音乐声响起时，他静静地站着，泪水顺着脸颊淌下来。 2．There was a lump in my throat and I didn't speak because I knew I would cry. 我哽咽了，没有说话，因为我知道我会哭的。 3．I stood there, choked with emotion and unable to find the words to express my grief. 我站在那里，激动得哽咽着，找不到什么语言来表达我的悲伤。 Ⅲ.语料综合运用(用上述语料完成续写) [前情提示]　一位美国英语教师在中国四川的市场上寻找南瓜，以便向学生展示万圣节的传统。尽管遇到语言障碍等困难，他仍坚持不懈，认为真实生活中的事物是教学中不可替代的元素，最终希望能与学生分享这一文化体验…… [续写构思]　把南瓜带进教室→同学感动流泪→房间里充满喜悦和兴奋→感到一种深深的满足感 　　10月31日，我把精心雕刻的南瓜带进了教室。我一进去，我的学生们就高兴得睁大了眼睛，我能看到一些外国学生的眼睛里涌出了泪水。他们一看到南瓜灯，就几乎要哭了。当我解释万圣节的意义和雕刻南瓜的传统时，我哽咽了，因为我想到了在家乡和家人们在一起的快乐的回忆。当我点燃里面的蜡烛，温暖的光芒照亮了他们的脸时，我知道这段经历将是他们永远不会忘记的一次。房间里的喜悦和兴奋是显而易见的。知道我已经成功地与他们分享了我的一段文化，我感到一种深深的满足感。 　　On Oct.31, I brought the carefully carved pumpkin into the class.The moment I entered, my students' eyes widened with delight, and I could ①see tears welling up in the eyes of some foreign students．They were ②close to tears, overwhelmed by the sight of the jack­o’­lantern.I ③choked with emotion as the pumpkin reminded me of the happy memories I had with my family in my motherland, when I explained the significance of Halloween and ④the tradition of carving pumpkins．As I lit the candle inside and the warm glow illuminated their faces, I knew that this experience would be one they would never forget.The joy and excitement in the room were evident, and I ⑤felt a deep sense of satisfaction knowing I had successfully shared a piece of my culture with them. (时间：30分钟　满分：35分) Ⅰ.阅读理解(共8小题，每小题2.5分，共20分) A (2025·湖北名校联盟联合测评)Orange chicken, sweet and sour pork, fried rice...Max Burns lists several typical Western­style of Chinese dishes that disappoint him.For a 21­year­old native British young man who spent his first thirteen years in China, those cuisines are far from authentic, but rather a category which is invented to cater to Western preferences. What also upsets Burns is that the view of Chinese food has been subsequently skewed (扭曲).Quite a few Westerners recognize that particular type of fare as the whole of Chinese cuisine. “They almost have no clue about the extent of Chinese cuisine, about how it varies because people forget how big China is.It is a country that has deserts from one side, jungles and sea from the other side.Each area has its unique style of cooking，” he says. Burns tries to showcase the richness of delicious Chinese dishes by vlogging (拍摄并上传) about making Chinese dishes at home.“Food is probably the most accessible way for everyone to learn a foreign culture，” he says. Sometimes, his British friends would join to help.“And quite often, they were shocked by the diversity of Chinese cuisine.They've had a long time to figure out that Chinese food is just a lot more complex.” The food adventure has helped Burns grow into an influencer with more than three million of subscribers worldwide today.“So, I can definitely say that I've changed some people's ideas about Chinese food.” Interestingly, when Burns first started vlogging in 2016 directly after moving back to Brighton, England from Beijing, copying Chinese food at home was a then “stupid idea”， as he puts it, because he was never super into cooking.At the time, the videos centered more on explaining aspects of Chinese culture, including movies, snacks, restaurants and more. Looking ahead, Burns has some plans in mind.“I would love to do a travel food show throughout China on TV.Also, I would love to have my own restaurant in the future.That's definitely going to happen.” [语篇解读]本文是一篇新闻报道。本文讲述一些中国菜肴为了迎合西方人的喜好而偏离了正宗的味道，一个在中国生活了13年的21岁英国年轻人伯恩斯对此颇感沮丧，于是他通过视频(拍摄并上传)展示在家里做的丰富美味的中国菜，迅速改变了一些人对中国菜肴的误解。 1．When did Max Burns return to Brighton, England according to the text? A．Aged 13. B．Aged 14. C．Aged 16. D．Aged 21. B　[细节理解题。由第一段第二句 “For a 21­year­old native British young man who spent his first thirteen years in China”和第六段第一句“Interestingly, when Burns first started vlogging in 2016 directly after moving back to Brighton, England from Beijing”可知，伯恩斯头13年的人生是在中国度过的，说明他14岁回到了英国的布莱顿。故选B项。] 2．How does Max Burns change people's wrong attitude to the Chinese cuisines? A．Treat them to Chinese dishes. B．Write reports on Chinese cuisines. C．Cook Chinese dishes for them in person. D．Display authentic Chinese cuisines on. D　[细节理解题。根据第四段“Burns tries to showcase the richness of delicious Chinese dishes by vlogging (拍摄并上传) about making Chinese dishes at home.”可知Max Burns是通过在视频博客上展示在家里做的真正的中国菜来改变人们对中国菜的错误认知的。故选D。] 3．What is Paragraph 5 of the text mainly about? A．Burns's ambitions. B．Burns's achievements. C．Burns's adventures. D．Burns's subscribers. B　[段落大意题。根据第五段“So, I can definitely say that I've changed some people's ideas about Chinese food.”可知，第五段主要讲了伯恩斯的成就。故选B项。] 4．Which of the following is a suitable title for the text? A.An Influencer improves the Taste for Chinese Cuisine. B．An Influencer Has Done What He Can to Change. C．Chinese Cuisines Have to Cater to Westerners. D．Chinese Cuisines Have Been Around the World. A　[主旨大意题。本文讲述一些中国菜肴为了迎合西方人的喜好而偏离了正宗的味道，一个在中国生活了13年的21岁英国年轻人伯恩斯对此颇感沮丧，于是他通过视频(拍摄并上传)展示在家里做的丰富美味的中国菜，迅速改变了一些人对中国菜肴的误解。所以短文的标题为“网红提升了(众人)对中国菜肴的鉴赏力”。故选A项。] B (2025·福州市高三年级第一次质量检测)In a digital, global world where thinking critically and generating new ideas count, a cradle­to­career approach to educating children must be mindful of how children learn to learn, not just what they learn.The Intellectual Lives of Children allows readers to look into the minds of kids as they explore and learn in everyday moments, emphasizing what constitutes real learning. Children are born with playful curiosity.They ask questions about everything—Why does a tree have leaves? Why does the Sun come up? These questions help children discover the casual relationships among things—all with the guidance of adults. Yet explorations take time.As Engel writes，“when children are allowed to dive into a topic thoroughly, they connect unrelated facts and generate new ideas.” The real mental work takes place as they play—when a child builds a platform of chairs to get cookies from an out­of­reach cookie box.Hidden in these moments are strengthened curiosity and innovation.Hurried parents often lack the ability to allow that time, fearing that their children might be late for their next scheduled activity. “It becomes clear that the educational system in the U．S.does not concern itself with children's intellectual lives，”warns Engel in the book.Instead, she hopes to reimagine schools as “idea factories” built on inspiring curiosity：Imagine assessing students' progress under some new headings: pose interesting questions...and spend time solving them. In one lovely example, Engel describes a teacher who challenged her students to construct a record­breaking straw chain measuring 3.8 miles.“Winning would be fun, but the cognitive (认知的) benefits would be far­reaching，” explains the teacher, whose goal was to help the children better understand the depth of the Mariana Trench. With scientific insight and vivid examples, Engel's book offers tips for how to make the learning more apparent.She encourages parents to see children as active thinkers and suggests that by asking open­ended questions and letting them explore, children will be better prepared for a complex and ever­changing world. [语篇解读]本文是说明文。本文通过介绍The Intellectual Lives of Children一书，探讨了如何将孩子爱玩的好奇心转变成真正的学习，即激发孩子的好奇心，通过玩耍让孩子充分探索、积极思考。 5．How will children's playful curiosity become real learning? A．By giving kids a time limit. B．By planning out extra activities. C．By remembering casual facts. D．By allowing kids to fully explore. D　[细节理解题。根据第一段的“The Intellectual Lives of Children allows readers to look into the minds of kids as they explore and learn in everyday moments, emphasizing what constitutes real learning”可知，The Intellectual Lives of Children一书让读者在孩子日常探索和学习时了解他们的想法，强调什么是真正的学习。第二段讲孩子天生就有爱玩的好奇心。根据第三段的“when children are allowed to dive into a topic thoroughly, they connect unrelated facts and generate new ideas”“The real mental work takes place as they play”可知，当孩子被允许深入研究一个话题时，他们会把不相关的事实联系起来，产生新的想法，真正的脑力劳动发生在他们玩耍的时候。第一段的“real learning”与第三段的“The real mental work”是同义表达，第一段的“explore and learn in everyday moments”与第三段的“dive into a topic”“play”均是孩子的“explorations”。由此可知，当孩子被允许充分探索时，他们爱玩的好奇心就会变成真正的学习。故选D。D项中的“fully”与第三段的“thoroughly”是同义表达。A项“通过给孩子一个时间限制”；B项“通过计划额外的活动”；C项“通过记住偶然的事实”。] 6．What's Engel's attitude toward American educational system? A．Critical. B．Unclear. C．Unconcerned. D．Tolerant. A　[观点态度题。根据第四段的“‘It becomes clear that the educational system in the U．S.does not concern itself with children's intellectual lives，’warns Engel in the book.Instead，she hopes to reimagine schools as ‘idea factories’ built on inspiring curiosity”可知，Engel在书中警告说，很明显，美国的教育系统并不关心孩子们的智力生活。相反，她希望将学校重新想象成建立在激发好奇心基础上的“创意工厂”。由此可知，Engel对美国的教育系统持批判态度，故选A。unclear“不确定的”；unconcerned“不关心的”；tolerant“容忍的”。] 7．What is special about Engel's book? A．It presents a complicated world. B．It promotes scheduled activities. C．It combines science and practice. D．It features open­ended questions. C　[细节理解题。根据最后一段的第一句话“With scientific insight and vivid examples, Engel's book offers tips for how to make the learning more apparent”可知，通过科学的见解和生动的例子，Engel的书提供了如何使学习更加明显的建议。由此可知，Engel的书结合了科学和实践。故选C。A项“它呈现一个复杂的世界”；B项“它宣传预先安排的活动”；D项“它的特点是无确定答案的问题”。] 8．What is the best title for the text? A．Fun Inspires Kids' Curiosity B．Play Develops Better Thinkers C．Learning Feeds Young Minds D．Hurried Parents Teach Kids Well B　[标题归纳题。本文通过介绍The Intellectual Lives of Children一书强调通过玩耍让孩子充分探索，促使其真正学习，积极思考。A项“乐趣激发孩子的好奇心”；B项“玩耍培养更好的思考者”；C项“学习滋养年轻人的思想”；D项“匆忙的父母教好孩子”。故B项最适合作本文的标题。] Ⅱ.完形填空(共15小题，每小题1分，共15分) (2025·湖北八校协作高三联考)One freezing November day, I drove to the market on an icy road and found a motorcyclist lying on the ground with his bike partly under a car.I joined the crowd of people 1 him hoping to help.He was bleeding, his left ankle and leg clearly broken, and perhaps worse, he was struggling to 2 ． Then a car 3 ， and a heavy lady with a stick hopped out.She told her husband, “Get my first­aid kit and blankets.” She put 4 to work, “Direct traffic around us.”“Put out those cigarettes！”“Go to the intersection and 5 down the ambulance.”People were grateful to be 6 ． She knelt on the icy ground and 7 the motorcyclist.He was in the middle of an asthma(哮喘) 8 ，so she helped him use his inhaler(吸入器)，calmed him and gave him a sense of safety.I could see his breathing 9 ．She smiled, “I'm a nurse.I'm going to help you.” When the ambulance arrived, she handed over his 10 and offered to call the motorcyclist's wife to meet him at the hospital.I 11 ， “Your husband is OK.No, he's fine, really, but he's been in a little accident...” When we all began to leave, I saw the nurse's husband helping her 12 ， and supporting her as she 13 to walk back to her car.As he walked around to his door, I asked her husband if she was OK. “She has a spinal (脊柱的) injury and is in 14 pain, and kneeling on the cold ground is about the 15 thing for her，” he said.“She'll be in bed for a week now.” I asked why she stopped.He responded, “Well, she's a nurse.That's all.” [语篇解读]本文是记叙文。文章讲述了一位善良的护士不顾自身的病痛长时间跪在冰冷的地上帮助陌生的摩托车手脱离生命危险的故事。 1．A．supporting B．following C．cheering D．surrounding D　[根据上文可知摩托车手倒在地上，周围人在围观并希望能提供帮助，所以填surround “包围，围住”。support“支持，拥护”；follow“跟随，跟着”。] 2．A．breathe B．stand C．focus D．move A　[根据第三段中的“He was in the middle of an asthma(哮喘) 8 ，so she helped him use his inhaler(吸入器)”可知，伤者出现了呼吸困难。breathe“呼吸”；focus “集中(注意力、精力等于)”。] 3．A．slid down B．pulled up C．set in D．drove off B　[根据下文的“and a heavy lady with a stick hopped out”可知，一辆车停了下来。slide down“向下滑动”；pull up“慢慢停下”；set in“(不好的事物)来了”；drive off “驶离”。] 4．A．cyclists B．doctors C．workers D．bystanders D　[根据第一段中的“the crowd of people 1 him hoping to help”及下文的祈使句可知，她让旁观者开始工作。bystander“旁观者”。] 5． A．flag B．wave C．stop D．tail A　[根据上文的“Go to the intersection”可推知，她让人们去十字路口示意救护车停下。此处flag为熟词生义，flag sth down意为“挥手示意停车”；wave “挥手，招手，摆手”；tail“尾随”。] 6． A．powerful B．unique C．useful D．proficient C　[根据上文的“hoping to help”和老妇人说的话可知，人们很感激自己有用(useful)。powerful“有权势的，有影响力的”；unique“唯一的，独一无二的”；proficient“熟练的，娴熟的”。] 7． A．persuaded B．interrupted C．assessed D．identified C　[下文讲述了摩托车手的状况，所以填assessed“评估”。persuade“说服”；interrupt“插嘴，打扰”；identify“确认，认出，鉴定”。句意：她跪在结冰的地上，评估着摩托车手(的伤情)。] 8． A．condition B．attack C．impact D．symptom B　[根据下文的“so she helped him use his inhaler (吸入器)”和常识可知，摩托车手此时哮喘病正发作。attack“(尤指常发疾病的)发作，侵袭”，符合语境。condition“状况”；impact“影响”；symptom“症状”。] 9． A．improve B．decline C．accelerate D．pause A　[根据上文老妇人帮他使用吸入器，让他镇静，给予他安全感和下文的“She smiled, ‘I'm a nurse.I'm going to help you.’”可知，摩托车手的呼吸状况应是得到了改善，所以填improve“改善”。decline“下降，衰退”；accelerate “(使)加速，加快”；pause“暂停”。] 10．A．care B．analysis C．history D．summary A　[根据上文的“When the ambulance arrived”和下文中的“offered to call the motorcyclist's wife to meet him at the hospital”可推知，救护车到了，她把照看任务移交给了救护人员，主动联系摩托车手的妻子让其去医院见摩托车手。care“照看，照顾”；analysis“分析”；summary“总结”。] 11．A．suspected B．recorded C．perceived D．overheard D　[上文讲老妇人主动给摩托车手的妻子打电话，再根据下文老太太的说话内容可知，此处指作者无意中听到老妇人的电话内容。overhear“偶然听到，无意中听到”，符合语境。suspect“怀疑”；record“记录”；perceive“注意到，意识到，察觉到”。] 12．A．on her back B．to her feet C．down the street D．against the wall B　[根据上文中的“She knelt on the icy ground”和下文的“and supporting her as she 13 to walk back to her car”可知，此处是说丈夫扶着她站起来。句意：当我们都开始离开时，我看到护士的丈夫正在帮助她站起来，扶着她艰难地走回她的车旁。] 13．A．hesitated B．Determined C．paced D．struggled D　[根据上下文可知，护士拄着拐杖下车，之后跪在地上，且她脊椎有伤，所以此处指她走路显得很艰难。hesitate“犹豫”；determine“决定，形成”；pace“在……走来走去”；struggle“挣扎，艰难地行进，吃力地进行”。] 14．A．temporary B．slight C．constant D．dynamic C　[结合常识可知，脊椎有伤会让人持续疼痛。所以填 constant“不断的”。temporary“临时的”；slight“轻微的”；dynamic“动态的”。] 15．A．easiest B．best C．worst D．safest C　[根据常识并结合选项可知，跪在冰冷的地上对脊椎有伤的她来说是最糟糕的事情。] 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $