必修第一册 UNIT 4 NATURAL DISASTERS（教师用书Word）-【正禾一本通】2026年新高考英语高三一轮总复习高效讲义（人教版）

该高中英语高考复习讲义围绕“自然灾害”话题，整合词汇（核心、多义、阅读、拓展）、句式（as if虚拟语气、too...to...等）及语篇知识，按“分类识记—佳句过关—语篇串记”逻辑架构知识点，通过考点梳理（词汇多维背诵）、方法指导（熟词生义辨析）、真题训练（高考真题语境运用）三环节，帮助学生系统构建话题词汇网络，突破句式应用难点。 资料突出“情境化+分层训练”特色，如通过“语篇串记词汇”提升语言能力，结合“熟词生义真题辨析”（如‘strike’多义对比）培养思维品质，设置应用文写作（地震演练报道）和读后续写（恐惧心理描写）实战训练。分层练习（单句语法填空、阅读猜词、写作应用）保障复习效果，为教师提供清晰复习路径，助力学生高效提升应考能力。

任务(一)　词汇、句式、语篇背诵 词汇多维背诵(分类识记，各个击破) 核心单词 围绕话题：自然灾害 1．deliver aid to affected areas 　　　　 向受影响地区提供援助 2．calm those affected by the disaster 使受灾者镇静 3．rescue victims from disaster 从灾难中营救受害者 4．the aid for emergency response 应急响应的援助 5．destroy homes and infrastructure 摧毁房屋和基础设施 6．efforts to rebuild communities 重建社区的努力 7．supply emergency aid and resources 供应紧急援助和资源 8．provide shelter for displaced families 为流离失所的家庭提供庇护 多义单词 词组(一)　熟词生义与词性活用 1．whistle [熟义]vi.吹口哨；发出笛声 vt.吹口哨 n．哨子(声)→[生义]n.呼啸声：the whistle of the chilly wind寒风的呼啸声 2．context [熟义]n.上下文；语境→[生义]n.背景：the cultural context of its time其时代的文化背景 3．shock [熟义]n.震惊；令人震惊的事 vt.(使)震惊→[生义]n.休克：shock symptoms 休克症状 4．trap [熟义]vt.使落入险境；使陷入圈套 n．险境；陷阱→[生义]vt.留存；收集，吸收：trap heat 吸收热量 5．wave n．海浪；波浪→vi.& vt.挥手；招手[词性活用]：wave at her friend 向朋友挥手致意 6．flood n．洪水；大量→vt.使灌满水；淹没[词性活用]：flood the fields淹没田地 7．shelter n．避难处；居所；庇护→vi.躲避(风雨或危险) vt.保护；掩蔽；收容[词性活用]：shelter the homeless dogs 收容无家可归的狗 词组(二)　一词多义 1．affect vt.影响；(疾病)侵袭；深深打动 ①affect the outcome of a decision 影响决策的结果 ②affect individuals with chronic illnesses 侵袭慢性病患者 ③affect the audience with a heartfelt story 用感人的故事深深打动观众 2．strike vi.& vt.侵袭；突击；击打 n．罢工；罢课；袭击 ①strike a deal with a partner 与合作伙伴敲定协议 ②strike the area without warning 毫无预警地侵袭该地区 ③strike the ball with great force 用力击球 ④go on strike for better working conditions 为了更好的工作条件而罢工 3．deliver vt.& vi.递送；传达 vt.发表 ①deliver a speech at the conference 在会议上发表演讲 ②deliver goods to customers on time 按时向客户递送货物 ③deliver a message of hope and resilience 传达希望与顽强坚持的讯息 4.tap vi.& vt.轻叩；轻敲；轻拍；利用；开发 n．水龙头；轻叩；轻敲 ①tap into new markets for growth 开拓新市场以实现增长 ②tap on the shoulder to get attention 轻拍肩膀以引起注意 ③tap resources for community development 利用资源促进社区发展 ④turn off the tap to save water 关闭水龙头以节约用水 5．power n．能力；力量； 权力；职权；强国；动力；能量；电力 v．驱动，提供能量 ①have the power to change 有改变的能力 ②exercise your power responsibly 负责任地行使权力 ③the power of positive thinking 正向思考的力量 ④power the device with batteries 用电池为设备供电 阅读单词 1.tornado 　 n．龙卷风；旋风 2．kit n．成套工具；成套设备 3．pipe n．管子；管道 4．tsunami n．海啸 5．magnitude n．(地)震级；重大 6．helicopter n．直升机 7．crack n．裂纹；裂缝 vi.& vt.(使)破裂 8．brick n．砖；砖块 9．volcano n．火山 10．typhoon n．台风 11．hurricane n．(尤指西大西洋的)飓风 12．gas n．气体；燃气；汽油[同义：gasoline n．汽油] 13.landslide　 n．(山地或悬崖的)崩塌；滑坡[助记：land(土地)＋slide(滑动)→landslide] 14．metal n．金属[比较：mental adj.思想的] 15．sweep vt.& vi.(swept；swept)打扫；清扫 16．crash vt.& vi.碰撞；撞击 n．撞车；碰撞[助记：a car crash 车祸] 17．slide vi.& vt.(slid，slid)(使)滑行；滑动[近义：slip] 18．unify vi.& vt.统一；(使)成一体[助记：前缀uni­有 “一”的意思，再如unite， union, unique，uniform] 19．evacuate vt.疏散；撤出 vi.撤离[助记：前缀e­为ex­的变体，有“向外”之意] 拓展单词 1.rescue n．& vt. 　 营救；救援 rescuer n. 救援者 2．die v. 死亡 dying adj. 临终的；垂死的 dead adj. 死的 deadly adj. 致命的 death n. 死；死亡 3．shock n. 震惊；令人震惊的事；休克 vt. (使)震惊 shocking adj. 令人震惊的 shocked adj. 感到震惊的 4．breath n. 呼吸 breathe vi.& vt. 呼吸 breathless adj. 气喘吁吁的 5．revive vt.& vi. 复活；(使)苏醒 revival n. 振兴；复苏 6．wise adj. 明智的 unwise adj. 不明智的 wisely adv. 明智地 wisdom n. 智慧；才智 7．suffer vt. 遭受；蒙受 vi. (因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等)受苦 suffering n.　　　 受难；苦楚 sufferer n. 患难者；患病者 8．erupt vi.& vt. (火山)爆发；(岩浆、烟等)喷出 eruption n. 喷发 9．survive vi. 生存；存活 vt. 幸存；艰难度过 survival n. 幸存；生还 survivor n. 幸存者；生还者 10．power n. 电力供应；能量；力量；控制力 powerful adj. 强大的；强壮的 powerless adj. 无力的 11．deliver vt.& vi. 递送；传达 vt. 发表 delivery n. 投递；送交 12．long adj. 长的 length n. 长；长度 lengthen v. (使)变长 13．emerge vi. 浮现；出现 emergent adj. 新兴的 emergency n. 突发事件；紧急情况 14．dry adj. 干(燥)的；干旱的 drought n. 旱灾；久旱 重点短语 1.in ruins 严重受损；破败不堪 2．in shock 震惊；吃惊 3．blow away 把……刮走 4．as usual 和往常一样 5．become a home to 成为……的家园 6．in the open air 露天；在户外 7．carry out 执行；实施；贯彻；完成,8.sweep away 消灭；彻底消除 9．as if/though 似乎；好像；仿佛[比较：even if/though即使] 10．come to an end 结束；终结[比较：put an end to终结] 11．dig out 掘出；发现[点拨：dig过去式和过去分词为dug] 12．on hand 现有(尤指帮助)[比较：at hand在手边，在附近，即将来临] 单元佳句过关(遮挡背诵，自我检测) 1.Chickens and even pigs were too nervous to eat，and dogs refused to go inside buildings.(too...to...) 2．It seemed as if the world were coming to an end！(as if从句中的虚拟语气) 3．Bricks covered the ground like red autumn leaves.(比喻) 4．Slowly，the city began to breathe again.(拟人) 5．I was having breakfast with my three children when water started filling my home.(be doing...when...) [遮住左栏尝试背诵] 1．鸡甚至猪都紧张得不能进食，狗也不愿意进到室内去。 2．仿佛世界末日即将来临！ 3．砖块像秋天的红叶一样铺满了地面。 4．慢慢地，这座城市又开始恢复生机。 5．我正和我的三个孩子一起吃早饭，突然海水开始灌到我家。 语篇串记词汇(背美文，记单词) Natural Disasters Among natural disasters, like tornados, droughts, landslides, tsunamis, floods, typhoons, hurricanes and volcanic eruptions, which often cause terrible damage and a lot of deaths, earthquakes tend to be the most destructive. The earthquake that struck Tangshan on 18 July, 1976, nearly put the city in ruins.People were shocked to find the walls cracked, the railway tracks became useless pieces of metal, and over 75 percent of the buildings fell down and covered the ground with broken bricks. People who were trapped or buried tapped on pipes or whistled for help.Before long, the rescue team arrived and spared no efforts to dig them out; the survivors were settled in the shelters which were put up in the open air, where electricity power and fresh water could be supplied.Slowly, the city began to breathe again. [遮住左栏，忆加黑词汇] 自然灾害 自然灾害通常会造成巨大的破坏和大量的人员死亡，如龙卷风、旱灾、滑坡、海啸、洪水、台风、飓风、火山爆发，而地震，往往是最具摧毁力的。 1976年7月18日发生在唐山的地震几乎把整个城市变成了一片废墟。当发现墙裂了，铁轨变成了废铁，超过75%的房屋都倒了，地上满是破碎的砖块时，人们震惊了。 被困被埋在建筑下的人通过敲打水管或者吹口哨求救。很快，援救队伍到达，尽全力从废墟里把他们救出来，幸存的人被安顿到露天搭的避难所里，那里有电也有淡水提供。慢慢地，这座城市又开始恢复生机。 任务(二)　背诵过关检测 Ⅰ.单词检测 (Ⅰ)英汉互译 1．drought　　 　 n．旱灾；久旱 2．tsunami n．海啸 3．magnitude n．(地)震级；重大 4．evacuate vt.疏散；撤出 vi.撤离 5．helicopter n．直升机 6．crack n．裂纹；裂缝 vi.& vt.(使)破裂 7．brick n．砖；砖块 8．metal n．金属 9．unify vi.& vt.统一；(使)成一体 10．volcano n．火山 11．erupt vi.& vt.(火山)爆发；(岩浆、烟等)喷出 12．typhoon n．台风 13．hurricane n．(尤指西大西洋的)飓风 14．slide vi.& vt.(使)滑行；滑动 15．disaster n．灾难；灾害 16．rescue n．& vt.营救；救援 17．damage vt.损害；破坏 n．损坏；损失 18．destroy vt.摧毁；毁灭 19．effort n．努力；艰难的尝试；尽力 20．supply n．供应(量)；补给；[pl.]补给品 vt.供应；供给 21．calm adj.镇静的；沉着的 vt.使平静；使镇静 22．aid n．援助；帮助；救援物资 vi.& vt.(formal)帮助；援助 23．crash vt.& vi.碰撞；撞击 n．撞车；碰撞 24．sweep vt.& vi.打扫；清扫 (Ⅱ)熟词生义与一词多义 1．the whistle of the chilly wind 　 寒风的呼啸声 2．shelter the homeless dogs 收容无家可归的狗 3．wave at her friend 向朋友挥手致意 4．the cultural context of its time 其时代的文化背景 5．shock symptoms 休克症状 6．trap heat 吸收热量 7．affect the audience with a heartfelt story 用感人的故事深深打动观众 8．strike a deal with a partner 与合作伙伴敲定协议 9．deliver a speech at the conference 在会议上发表演讲 10．tap resources for community development 利用资源促进社区发展 11．turn off the tap to save water 关闭水龙头以节约用水 12．power the device with batteries 用电池为设备供电 (Ⅲ)写出派生或词性、词义 1．die v．死亡→dying adj.临终的；垂死的→deadly adj.致命的→death n．死；死亡 2．breath n．呼吸→breathe vi.& vt.呼吸→breathless adj.气喘吁吁的 3．revive vt.& vi.复活；(使)苏醒→revival n．振兴；复苏 4．wise adj.明智的→wisdom n．智慧；才智 5．suffer vt.遭受；蒙受 vi.(因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等)受苦→suffering n．受难；苦楚 6．survive vi.生存；存活 vt.幸存；艰难度过→survival n．幸存；生还→survivor n．幸存者；生还者 7．power n．电力供应；能量；力量；控制力→powerful adj.强大的；强壮的→powerless adj.无力的 8．deliver vt.& vi.递送；传达 vt.发表→delivery n．投递；送交 9．long adj.长的→length n．长；长度→lengthen v．(使)变长 10．emerge vi.浮现；出现→emergent adj.新兴的→emergency n．突发事件；紧急情况 Ⅱ.短语英汉互译 1．in ruins　　　　 　严重受损；破败不堪 2．in shock 震惊；吃惊 3．as usual 和往常一样 4．as if/though 似乎；好像；仿佛 5．dig out 掘出；发现 6．blow away 把……刮走 7．carry out 执行；实施；贯彻；完成 8．sweep away 消灭；彻底消除 9．come to an end 结束；终结 10．on hand 现有(尤指帮助) Ⅲ.佳句默写(温馨提示：用衡水体认真书写) 1．鸡甚至猪都紧张得不能进食，狗也不愿意进到室内去。(too...to...) Chickens and even pigs were too nervous to eat，and dogs refused to go inside buildings. 2．仿佛世界末日即将来临！(as if从句中的虚拟语气) It seemed as if the world were coming to an end! 3．我正和我的三个孩子一起吃早饭，突然海水开始灌到我家。(be doing...when...) I was having breakfast with my three children when water started filling my home. Part 1　核心词句——学表达 affect vt.影响(＝influence)；(疾病)侵袭，使感染(＝infect)；深深打动→affection n．喜爱 【高考真题】　(2024·新高考Ⅰ卷应用文写作)The vibrant colors of nature greatly affected my choice of colors, and I felt inspired by the scenery.大自然鲜艳的色彩极大地影响了我对色彩的选择，我受到了风景的启发。 ◎be deeply/greatly affected by　　　　 受……的影响；被……感动 ◎be affected with 感染……疾病 ◎have an effect/impact/influence on 对……产生影响 【写作语料】　 ◎be affected with high fever发高烧 ◎affect our daily life影响我们的日常生活 【语境运用】　单句填空/完成句子 ①Greatly affected (affect) by the beauty of the sunset，she was inspired to paint. ②(2024·新高考Ⅰ卷)我意识到艺术是如何对我们的情感和思想产生深远的影响的。 I realized how art can have a profound effect/impact/influence on our emotions and thoughts. ③她在考试期间受到焦虑的困扰，但通过冥想学会了如何管理焦虑。 She was affected by anxiety during the exam period, but she learned to manage it through meditation. shock vt.(使)震惊 n．震惊；令人震惊的事；休克→shocked adj.感到震惊的→shocking adj.令人震惊的 【高考真题】　(2024·全国甲卷应用文写作)I was shocked to see how quickly they became popular, making it easier for people to travel short distances.我震惊地发现，它们如此迅速地流行起来，让人们更容易进行短途旅行。 ◎in shock　　　　　　 　震惊；吃惊 ◎with great shock 非常震惊地 ◎be shocked at/by 对……感到吃惊 ◎be shocked to do sth 做某事很吃惊 【写作语料】　 ◎a great shock to me对我来说是极大的震惊 ◎feel shocked at the news对这个消息感到震惊 ◎open the door with great shock非常震惊地打开门 【语境运用】　完成句子 ①(2024·全国甲卷)让我感到震惊的是，它们如此迅速地成为日常生活的一部分，为短途旅行提供了便捷的选择。 I was shocked at how quickly they became a part of daily life, providing a convenient option for short­distance trips. ②我震惊地望着他，等待他告诉我这一切都是我的误解。[惊讶神情描写] I looked at him in shock, waiting for him to tell me that I had misunderstood everything. bury vt.埋葬；安葬 【高考真题】　(2024·新高考Ⅰ卷应用文写作)I was buried in (＝buried myself in) my work, completely absorbed in capturing the beauty of nature.我埋头于我的工作中，完全专注于捕捉大自然之美。 ◎bury oneself in＝be buried in埋头于，专心于 【写作语料】　 ◎bury one's face in one's hands双手掩面 ◎bury his head under the quilt他把头埋到被子底下 【语用点拨】　表示“专注于；致力于；埋头于”的短语还有： be absorbed in，concentrate on, focus on，fix one's attention on, be devoted to＝devote oneself to, occupy oneself in doing/with sth＝be occupied in doing/with sth 【语境运用】　完成句子/一句多译 ①(2024·新高考Ⅰ卷)我意识到我是多么喜欢在大自然中创造艺术。我埋头创作，忘记了其他一切。 I realized how much I enjoy creating art in nature.I was buried in my work and lost track of everything else. ②她深深地叹了口气，双手掩面，开始绝望地抽泣起来。[绝望情绪描写] →She sighed deeply, burying her face in her hands, and began to sob in despair.(分词短语作状语) →She sighed deeply, with her face buried in her hands, and began to sob in despair.(with复合结构) suffer vt.遭受；蒙受 vi.(因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等)受苦→suffering n．受苦，遭难→sufferer n．受害者；患者 【高考真题】　(2024·浙江1月卷应用文写作)Many students suffer from a lack of physical activity due to busy schedules, and jump rope provides a quick way to get moving.许多学生由于繁忙的日程安排而缺乏体育活动，而跳绳提供了一种快速的行动方式。 ◎suffer from　　　　　　 遭受；患病 ◎suffer defeat 遭受失败 ◎suffer a lot of pain 遭受巨大的痛苦 ◎suffer severe damage 损失惨重 【写作语料】　 ◎suffer from a massive heart attack 心脏病严重发作 ◎suffer a lot of pain during his recovery from surgery在手术后恢复的过程中遭受了很多痛苦 【语境运用】　完成句子 ①(2022·浙江1月卷)得知我的搭档得了重病，我非常焦虑，所以我冲向了医院。 Knowing that my partner was suffering from a serious illness，I was burning with anxiety，so I darted towards the hospital. ②球队在决赛中遭遇失败，但他们发誓下个赛季会变得更强。 The team suffered defeat in the final match, but they vowed to come back stronger next season. effect n．影响；结果；效果；效力→effective adj.有效的；有影响的 【高考真题】　(2024·全国甲卷应用文写作) The government has taken effective measures to promote the use of shared bicycles, which will help reduce carbon emissions.政府已经采取了有效的措施来扩大共享单车的使用，这将有助于减少碳排放。 ◎take effect 生效；奏效 ◎come/go into effect 生效 ◎have an effect/influence/impact on/upon 对……有影响 ◎bring/put...into effect 实施；使生效 【写作语料】　 ◎take effective measures to do sth采取有效措施做某事 ◎bring/put the new law into effect实施这部新法律 【语境运用】　单句填空/完成句子 ①(2023·全国甲卷)Putting electric fencing around chicken houses and other farm animal quarters is also highly effective (effect) at getting grizzlies away. ②(2024·全国甲卷)The government is putting policies into effect to encourage their adoption, which will benefit our planet. ③(2023·全国甲卷)李白一生创作了大量优秀的诗歌，对中国文化产生了巨大的影响。 During his lifetime, Li Bai wrote a great number of excellent poems, all of which have a great effect/impact/influence on Chinese culture．(定语从句) strike vt.& vi.(struck，struck/stricken)击打；(时钟等)敲响；擦(火柴)；撞击；侵袭；给(某人以……)印象；突然想起 n．罢工；罢课；袭击 【高考真题】　(2024·新高考Ⅰ卷应用文写作)It struck/hit/occurred to me that creating art outdoors makes the process even more enjoyable.我突然想到，在户外创作艺术会让这个过程更加愉快。 ◎be struck with/by 被……所打动/袭击 ◎It strikes/hits/occurs to sb that... 某人觉得……；某人突然想起…… ◎sth strikes/hits/occurs to sb 某人想到…… 【写作语料】　 ◎be/go on strike罢工 ◎strike a balance between work and life 在工作与生活之间取得平衡 ◎be struck by the beauty of nature 被自然之美所震撼 【语境运用】　一句多译 我突然想到一个好主意，我们可以在即将到来的教师节送给老师一份手工制作的礼物。 ①A good idea struck/hit/occurred to me that we could give a handmade gift to our teacher for the coming Teachers' Day. ②It struck/hit/occurred to me that we could give a handmade gift to our teacher for the coming Teachers' Day.(it作形式主语) on hand 现有(尤指帮助) 【高考真题】　(2024·全国甲卷应用文写作)However, with technology on hand, we now have high­speed trains, subways, and extensive road networks.然而，随着现有技术的发展，我们现在有了高铁、地铁和广泛的公路网。 ◎at hand 　　　　　　 在手边；即将到来 ◎by hand 用手；靠人工 ◎give/lend sb a hand 帮助某人 ◎hand in hand 手拉手；密切关联 ◎on the one hand...on the other hand 一方面……另一方面 【写作语料】　 On the one hand, shared bicycles are now at hand in many cities, providing a convenient option for short trips. 一方面，现在许多城市都有共享自行车，为短途旅行提供了一个方便的选择。 【语境运用】　完成语段 一天，莉莉注意到一个老人在艰难地搬运他的杂货。一方面，她想帮他一把，但另一方面，她有很多紧迫的事情需要办理。在想了一会儿之后，她决定帮助他。当他们交谈时，莉莉意识到善良总是触手可及，帮助别人的快乐值得花时间。 One day, Lily noticed an elderly man struggling to carry his groceries.①On the one hand, she wanted to ②lend him a hand, but ③on the other hand, she had many urgent and pressing matters ④on hand．After a moment of thought, she decided to help him.As they talked, Lily realized that kindness was always ⑤at hand, and the joy of helping others was worth the time spent. 句式：as if从句中的虚拟语气 【教材原句】　It seemed as if the world were coming to an end！仿佛世界末日即将来临！ ◎as if从句用陈述语气：从句表示的情况是真实的或极有可能发生的。 ◎as if从句用虚拟语气 【写作佳句】　 ①(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷)I simply stood there dumbfounded as if my feet had been rooted to the ground. 我只是目瞪口呆地站在那里，好像我的脚已经扎根在地上了。 ②He seemed as though he was lost in thought, completely unaware of the world around him. 他似乎沉浸在思考中，对周围的世界全然不觉。 ③She danced as though no one was watching, lost in the rhythm of the music. 她旁若无人地跳着舞，沉浸在音乐的节奏中。 【仿写借鉴】　单句填空/完成句子 ①I froze with shock，feeling as if I had been thrown (throw) into a dark world. ②(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷)我的老师让我坐下来，递给我一瓶果汁，就好像他一直在等我一样。 My teacher told me to take a seat and handed me a bottle of juice, as if he had been waiting for me． ③他焦虑地等待着结果，如坐针毡。 He is waiting for the results with anxiety as if he were sitting on pins and needles． Part 2　阅读词汇——善辨义 1．strike A.vt.打　B．v.使突然想起　C．n.罢工　 D．v.(灾难、疾病等)袭击　E．vt.达成(协议、妥协)　F．v.敲(钟) ①After weeks of negotiation, the two companies finally struck a deal that would benefit both parties. E ②As an old saying goes，“Strike the iron while it's hot.” A ③When I entered the room, the clock had just struck 10. F ④They have been on strike for several days to get a higher pay. C ⑤A big earthquake struck the city last year, killing hundreds of people. D ⑥I was about to pay the taxi driver when it struck me that I had left my wallet on the airplane. B 2．affect Ｋ ①Deeply affected by the film，we couldn't hold back tears. B ②(2024·新高考Ⅱ卷)AI will affect us all, and if you only read one book on the subject, this is it. A ③The disease affects many different organs of his body. C 3．deliver ①They rushed her to hospital where doctors delivered her baby. B ②As a student representative，I am greatly honoured to deliver a speech here. C ③The express company will get all these goods delivered to the customers today. A 4．power A.n.权力；职权　B．n.力量，能力　C．n.有影响力的大国　D．n.电力　E．vt.推动，驱动　F．n.统治；政权 ①(2024·新高考Ⅱ卷)In the wrong hands, such a book could prove as complicated to process as the computer code (代码) that powers AI. E ②It was in the year 1843 that he came to power with his wife's assistance. F ③I can't give you a refund—I'm afraid it's not within my power. A ④(2020·浙江7月卷)Agriculture gave people their first experience of the power of technology to change lives. B ⑤(2020·全国Ⅰ卷)Since lighting is often far removed from the power source...a lot of energy is lost during transmission. D ⑥(2022·浙江1月卷)The United States rose to global power on the strength of its technology，and the lifeblood of that technology has long been electricity. C 巧借前缀e­推测词义 前缀e­是ex­的变体，意为“向外” [本单元]①evacuate vt.疏散；撤出　②eruption n．喷发；爆发 [相关词]①erupt vi.爆发；喷发；突然发生；出疹 vt.爆发　②emigrate vi.移民→emigration n．迁移，移居；移居外国，迁移出境 1．As the sun rose higher in the sky, the morning dew began to evaporate. [词义]e(向外)＋vapor(蒸汽)＋ate(动词后缀)→evaporate vi.蒸发，挥发 2．The teacher encouraged the students to elaborate on their answers during the discussion. [词义]e(向外)＋labor(劳动)＋ate(动词后缀)→elaborate vi.详细说明 3．The bright light emitted from the lamp illuminated the entire room. [词义]e(向外)＋mit(送)→emit vt.发出，散发 4．The bird emerged from its nest at dawn, ready to search for food. [词义]e(向外)＋merge(沉没)→emerge vi.出现，浮现 5．The company decided to eject the employee due to repeated violations of workplace policies. [词义]e(向外)＋ject(投掷)→eject vt.驱逐，弹出 6．The workers erected a tall building in the center of the city. [词义]e(向外)＋rect(直立)→erect vt.建立，建造 (一)核心词句专练——单句语法填空 1．(2024·新高考Ⅰ卷)With the rise of technology it is easy for people to make observations of different species with the aid of a mobile application. 2．(2024·浙江1月卷)If I ever get trapped (trap) outside my house again, my local telephone box will, sadly, no longer be able to connect me with my keys. 3．(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷)Struck (strike) by his words, I made up my mind to make more progress in writing so as to live up to his expectation. 4．(2023·全国甲卷)For thousands of years，people have told fables to teach a lesson or to pass on wisdom (wise). 5．(2021·天津3月卷)As I swept (sweep) up the mess，I wondered why we had been breaking so many things over the months. 6．Affected (affect) with a serious disease，he was no longer able to speak clearly and he knew there was no hope of recovery. 7．Buried (bury) in reading the legend of a master of basketball，he didn't make it to school on time. 8．Knowing that you will adjust the broadcast time slot，length (long) and column，I am writing to give my suggestions.[建议信] (二)阅读词汇猜词——熟词生义、派生 1．(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷)John went back to observing nature and asking questions.Why can certain plants trap harmful bacteria (细菌)？vt.留存 2．She was rushed to the hospital after suffering from shock.n.休克 3．(2023·全国甲卷)Weiner starts each chapter with a scene on a train ride between cities and then frames each philosopher's work in the context of one thing they can help us do better.n.背景 4．(2024·新高考Ⅱ卷)Given the astonishing potential of AI to transform our lives, we all need to take action to deal with our AI­powered future.adj.由……驱动的 5．The permanency of their friendship was evident, as they had supported each other through thick and thin. ◎permanent (永久的)＋­cy(表示性质)→permanency n．永久性；持久性 (一)应用文写作[新闻报道——地震应急疏散演练] 假定你是校英语报记者李华，今天你校开展了地震应急疏散演练活动，请你就此次活动写一篇新闻报道，内容包括： 1．活动目的；2.活动过程；3.你的感受。 选用本单元所学知识和右栏词块翻译句子 第一段：总体介绍地震应急疏散演练活动 1．今天，我校组织了一次地震疏散演习，旨在提高学生对自然灾害的认识和准备工作。 Today, our school organized an earthquake evacuation drill aimed at enhancing students' awareness and preparedness for natural disasters. 第二段：具体描述地震应急疏散演练的目的和过程 2．其主要目标是教我们如何在地震中快速和安全地做出反应，因为这种情况会对我们的生活产生重大影响。 The main goal was to teach us how to respond quickly and safely during an earthquake, as such situations can have a significant effect on our lives. 3．演习开始时，老师们解释了步骤，然后我们将疏散活动付诸实践。 The drill began with teachers explaining the procedures, and then we practiced evacuating. 4．我埋头思考，在紧急情况下保持冷静是多么重要。我也对每个人都互相帮助的行为印象深刻。 I was buried in thinking about how important it was to stay calm during emergencies.I was also impressed by how everyone lent a hand to help each other. 第三段：最后点出自己的感受和期待 5．演习结束后，我突然想到，我们应该随时为应对意外事件做好准备。这段经历让我对我们有效处理紧急情况的能力更有信心。 After the drill, it struck me that we should always be ready for unexpected events.This experience has made me feel more confident in our ability to handle emergencies effectively. [构建语义场——自然灾害] 1．自然灾害类型 ①earthquake 地震 ②flood 洪水 ③hurricane 飓风 ④tornado 龙卷风 ⑤wildfire 野火 ⑥tsunami 海啸 ⑦landslide 山体滑坡 ⑧drought 干旱 ⑨volcanic eruption 火山爆发 2．自然灾害的影响 cause destruction 造成破坏 ⑪damage infrastructure 破坏基础设施 ⑫affect the economy 影响经济 ⑬lead to casualties 导致伤亡 ⑭destroy habitats 破坏栖息地 ⑮cause food shortages 导致食品短缺 3．应对自然灾害 ⑯prepare for disasters 为灾害做准备 ⑰develop an emergency plan 制定应急计划 ⑱evacuate residents 疏散居民 ⑲provide relief supplies 提供救援物资 ⑳offer medical assistance 提供医疗援助 conduct search and rescue operations 进行搜救行动 enhance students' awareness 提高学生的意识 4．自然灾害后的恢复 assess damage 评估损失 rebuild communities 重建社区 restore infrastructure 恢复基础设施 provide psychological support 提供心理支持 support affected families 支持受影响家庭 (二)读后续写[自然灾害话题＋恐惧心理描写(1)] Ⅰ.教材语料背诵 词汇 [情感描写]　shock；in shock；calm；affect；effort [动作描写]　rescue；flood；trap；bury；damage；destroy；aid；sweep away；wave；suffer；survive；shelter；strike；deliver 佳句 1.For several days，the water in the village wells rose and fell，rose and fell.(重复) 2．Chickens and even pigs were too nervous to eat，and dogs refused to go inside buildings.Mice ran out of the fields looking for places to hide，and fish jumped out of the water.(排比) 3．It seemed as if the world were coming to an end！(夸张) 4．Tangshan city has proved to China and the rest of the world that in times of disaster， people must unify and show the wisdom to stay positive and rebuild for a brighter future.(主旨升华) Ⅱ.拓展语料积累 词汇 fear 恐惧；terror 恐怖；panic 恐慌；fright 惊吓；horror 恐怖；frighten 使惊吓；alarm 使惊慌；tremble 发抖；withdraw 撤退；scream 尖叫；go blank (大脑)突然一片空白； go/turn pale 脸色惨白；in terror恐惧地；处于恐惧状态；fear creeps over sb 恐惧笼罩着某人；have butterflies in one's stomach 忐忑不安； a flood of fear wells up in sb 从心底感到害怕；make one's hair stand on end使某人毛骨悚然 佳句 1.Waves about twelve meters high came rushing in, drowning everything. 大约12米高的海浪涌了过来，淹没了一切。(海啸) 2．I could hear what sounded like a million car alarms ringing from the ground. 我能听到地面上好像有100万辆汽车的警报器在响。(地震) 3．Realizing that they were trapped by the flood and that it was impossible for her to drive out, she pulled James onto her back, heading for the roof. 当她意识到他们已经被洪水困住了，自己也不可能开车出去时，她把James拉到背上，朝着屋顶走去。 4．No words can describe my fright when huge waves came into my sight. 当我看到滔天巨浪时，没有任何语言能形容我当时的恐惧。 5．Even if my parents hugged me tightly in their arms, what I just went through still made my hair stand on end. 虽然父母紧紧把我抱在怀里，刚刚经历的事仍然让我毛骨悚然。 Ⅲ.语料综合运用(用上述语料完成续写) [前情提示]　萨米假期去靠近海边的爷爷家度假，结果遭遇了地震引起的洪水，萨米和爷爷被巨浪冲散。 [续写构思]　爷爷想去救萨米→一股急流将爷爷掀翻→萨米恐惧→想到措施→去救爷爷 　　“萨米，萨米！”爷爷喊道。“别害怕，小家伙，快到我这儿来吧。”忽然，一股急流将他掀翻了过去。当萨米看到爷爷在海浪中挣扎时，他的心怦怦直跳。仿佛时间停止了，他的头脑陷入了一瞬间的空白。但随后，他发现一块长长的木头漂浮在附近。他知道他必须采取有效的措施来救他的爷爷。他竭尽全力地游向木头，用双手抓住了它。“坚持住，爷爷！我来了！”他喊道，试图帮助那个一直是他的英雄的人。 　　“Sami, Sami！” Grandpa cried.“Don't be scared, little one, come to me, quickly.” Suddenly, a torrent turned him over.Sami's heart ①beat violently as he saw his grandpa struggling against the waves.It was ②as if time had stopped, and ③his mind went blank for a moment．But then, he spotted a long piece of wood floating nearby.He knew he had to ④take effective measures to save his grandpa．With all his strength, he swam towards the wood, grabbing it with both hands.“Hold on, Grandpa! I'm coming！” he shouted, ⑤trying to lend a hand to the man who had always been his hero. (时间：25分钟　满分：32.5分) Ⅰ.阅读理解(共8小题，每小题2.5分，共20分) A (2025·南京市学情调研)Somewhere in the sky, lightning is forming.Although the possibility of getting struck in your lifetime is roughly 1 in 12，000, a human does provide an attractive target for lightning bolts (闪电).Here's what you should expect if you ever find yourself in the path of lightning. A lot can happen in the three milliseconds it takes for a lightning bolt to course through your body.Lightning strikes may leave you with deep wounds, often accompanied with third­degree burns.Your clothes might even be torn by the explosive force of the surrounding air being superheated to up to 27, 700 ℃.Blood vessels (血管) exploding from the electric shock and heat often create something called a Lichtenberg figure on your skin.This is a pattern of scars (伤疤) that branches out across your body like a tree. But it doesn't end there.You might also be faced with a lifetime of neurological (神经系统的) conditions for reasons that scientists still don't fully understand.It's also possible that you will suffer pain. In some cases, however, a lightning strike can lead to strange super talents.In a blog post, University of Miami neuroscientist Berit Brogaard writes about an incident where a surgeon who was struck by lightning developed an urge to learn to play the piano.He began to compose music he had started hearing in his head since the strike.This type of phenomenon confuses scientists. One theory that Brogaard says is that cell death caused by being struck by lightning could cause a one­time flooding of the brain with neurotransmitters (神经递质) that are released from the dying neurons (神经元).This causes a rewiring of neurons, providing access to areas of the brain that were previously inaccessible. Cool as it would be, you shouldn't count on lightning turning you into a genius in one flash.Most of its results are painful, and could stay with you for the rest of your life. [语篇解读]本文是说明文。虽然人一生中被闪电击中的可能性大约是1/12 000，但被闪电击中可能对人体产生重大影响，不仅仅是身体伤害，还可能是终身的神经系统疾病。此外，被闪电击中后也有可能获得以往没有的超能力。 1．What can we learn from the first two paragraphs? A．1 in 12, 000 may die from lightning bolts. B．Lightning attacks can heat bodies to 27, 700℃. C．Branching scars are typical after lightning attacks. D．Humans are the most likely target for lightning bolts. C　[细节理解题。根据第二段的“Blood vessels (血管) exploding from the electric shock and heat often create something called a Lichtenberg figure...branches out across your body like a tree”可知，血管在电击和高温下爆裂，通常会在皮肤上形成一种叫做利希滕贝格图的东西。这是一种伤疤的图案，像树一样在身体上伸展开来。由此可知，分支形伤疤是闪电击中后的典型特征，故选C。] 2．What happened to the surgeon after the strike? A．His unexplored brain areas were activated. B．His brain was left in a fixed state of death. C．He suffered a lifetime of neurological pain. D．He recalled hidden memories about music. A　[推理判断题。第四段提到一位被闪电击中的外科医生产生了学习弹钢琴的冲动，开始创作自从被击中以来他脑海中一直听到的音乐。第五段解释了被闪电击中导致的细胞死亡可能会导致大脑中一次性充斥着神经递质，这些神经递质是从死亡的神经元中释放出来的。这会导致神经元的重新布线，为以前无法进入的大脑区域提供通道。由此可推知，被闪电击中后，这位外科医生以往未被开发的大脑区域被激活了。故选A。B项“他的大脑处于一种固定的死亡状态”；C项“他一生遭受着神经系统上的疼痛”；D项“他回忆起关于音乐的隐藏记忆”。] 3．What does the underlined word “This” refer to in Paragraph 5? A．The cell death due to lightning strikes. B．The flooding of brain's neurotransmitters. C．The rewiring of brain neurons. D．The release of dying neurons. B　[词句猜测题。根据语境可知，此处“This”指代上文提到的名词短语“a one­time flooding of the brain with neurotransmitters (神经递质)”，即大脑神经递质的泛滥。故选B。] 4．What is the text mainly about? A．The process of lightning formation. B．The chances of surviving a lightning strike. C．The possibility of lightning making a genius. D．The consequences of being struck by lightning. D　[主旨大意题。本文主要讲述了被闪电击中的后果，故选D。A项“闪电形成的过程”；B项“在雷击中幸存的机会”；C项“闪电造就天才的可能性”。] B (2025·蓉城名校联盟高三入学考试)A new study by an international team of experts highlights how global methane (甲烷) emissions have been rising rapidly since 2006，particularly since 2020，a trend that's expected to continue unless we do something very significant very soon.The study authors have then outlined some strategies countries can use to take action，and developed an online tool to help with this. This continual climb in methane emissions is largely due to the continued use of fossil (化石) fuels rather than cleaner options，the researchers say.It's directly produced by oil，gas，and coal drilling and processing.The increasing release of methane from natural wetlands，caused by a hotter climate，is now also contributing.Methane is produced by rubbish sites，thawing permafrost，and animals too.The researchers，led by physicist and climate specialist Drew Shindell of Duke University in the US，suggest these are minor contributors at the moment—although ones that also need to be closely watched. “Worldwide efforts to limit climate change are rightly focused on carbon dioxide (CO2)，the primary driver，”writes the team in their published paper. “However，since humanity has failed to properly address climate change for several decades，keeping warming below agreed goals now requires that we address all major climate pollutants.” There is currently much less methane in our atmosphere than carbon dioxide (CO2)，but methane is a stronger greenhouse gas. We know that methane is a major contributor to the warming of the world，trapping heat like CO2 does.It also contributes to the formation of ozone (臭氧) at ground level，increasing the risk of death through respiratory illnesses and cardiovascular diseases. “Rapid reductions in methane emissions this decade are essential to slowing warming in the near future，limiting the overshoot by the middle of the century and keeping low­warming carbon budgets within reach，”write the researchers. Warnings from scientists about the state of Earth's climate path are now reaching a deafening level.Humanity should pay close attention to those warnings and take action. [语篇解读]本文是说明文。主要介绍了自2006年以来，甲烷的排放急剧上升，并且这一趋势预计将继续。作者呼吁人类应立刻采取措施来应对这一紧急情况。 5．What do we know about methane emissions? A．They are currently a minor concern. B．They have been going up since 2006. C．They have decreased steadily since 2020. D．They are mainly caused by cleaner options. B　[细节理解题。根据第一段的“how global methane(甲烷)emissions have been rising rapidly since 2006，particularly since 2020”可知，自2006年，尤其是2020年以来，全球甲烷排放在持续增长。故选B项。文中的“rising”和B项中的“going up”是同义替换。] 6．What is the second paragraph mainly about? A．The continued use of methane emissions. B．Strategies for reducing methane emissions. C．The impact of methane emissions on human health. D．The contributions of sources to methane emissions. D　[主旨大意题。根据第二段的“This continual climb in methane emissions...cleaner options”“The increasing release of methane...and animals too”可知，甲烷排放量的持续攀升主要是由于化石燃料的持续使用。由于气候变暖，自然湿地释放的甲烷越来越多，这也是原因之一。此外，垃圾场、融化的永冻土和动物也会产生甲烷。由此可知，第二段主要介绍的是甲烷排放的促成因素。故选D项。] 7．Why is reducing methane emissions considered urgent? A．Methane lessens the amount of ozone. B．Methane limits climate change effectively. C．Methane promotes global warming greatly. D．Methane keeps low­warming carbon budgets. C　[细节理解题。根据倒数第三段的“methane is a major contributor to the warming of the world，trapping heat like CO2 does”可知，甲烷是全球变暖的主要原因，它像二氧化碳一样吸收热量。故选C项。] 8．What is the author's purpose in writing the text? A．To call on people to handle methane emissions. B．To introduce the history of methane emissions. C．To highlight the dangers of methane formation. D．To advocate for the increased use of fossil fuels. A　[主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是最后一段可知，甲烷作为温室气体对全球变暖有重大影响，自2006年以来，甲烷的排放急剧上升，并且这一趋势预计将继续。科学家们对地球气候变化轨迹的警告现在已经达到了震耳欲聋的程度。人类应该密切关注这些警告并采取行动。由此可知，作者写作本文的目的是呼吁人类密切关注甲烷排放并采取对应行动。故选A。] Ⅱ.阅读七选五(共5小题，每小题2.5分，共12.5分) (2025·南充市高考适应性考试)It can be challenging to force yourself to start a bunch of productive habits out of nowhere.Luckily, with a few minor changes, anyone can set the stage for success.1( ).With the right attitude and a little effort, you'll be crossing tasks off your to­do list faster than you can write them out! Use a daily planner 2( )．Being productive has more to do with organization than effort, so put 5－10 minutes aside every night (or morning) to map out how you're going to spend the day ahead of you. Complete important tasks before lunch Most people are more productive in the morning, so do key tasks early.If you want to pitch a new service to a few important clients, make those calls before noon.If you're struggling to maintain your energy later in the day and you aren't at work, take a short rest.3( )． Declutter your home or workspace A clean desk and an organized home will help you stay focused.4( )．At the end of each day, spend a few minutes throwing out the trash, putting things away, and organizing your workspace or home to get rid of clutter. 5( ) It's hard to be productive if you think you're doing something pointless.Start pushing yourself to find the significance in every single thing you do before you start.If you walk around all day feeling like you're wasting your time, you're never going to get anything done! A．Find the value in the boring stuff B．Reward yourself for building habits C．Mapping your day out will keep you focused on what's important D．All it takes is a little bit of preparation and a healthy dose of positive thinking E．A 20­minute nap is a great way to put yourself back into productive headspace F．It may be hard to push through that first week if you aren't used to doing something G．Chaos has a way of drawing your attention away from whatever task you're trying to do [语篇解读]本文是说明文。文章介绍了个人如何通过改变自己的习惯和方法使个人做事更高效。 1．D　[空前一句提出了一个观点，即通过一些小的改变，任何人都可以为成功创造条件，故此处应该讲述具体的改变是什么。D项讲述了具体怎样改变，且其中的“a little bit of preparation and a healthy dose of positive thinking”(一点点准备和一些正向思考)与空后的“a little effort”“the right attitude”相呼应。故选D。] 2．C　[根据小标题可知该段主要讲述要使用每日计划表；根据下文可知，高效更多的是与筹备工作有关，所以要每天晚上或早上花五至十分钟来规划一天的活动。C项“规划你的一天会让你专注于重要的事情”紧扣该段主题，符合语境。该选项里的“Mapping your day out”与该段下文中的“map out how you're going to spend the day”出现了原词和同义复现。] 3．E　[空前一句讲到你如果在一天的晚些时候很难保持精力且不用工作，那么你可以短暂休息。E选项“20分钟的小憩是将自己恢复到高效的思考状态的好方法”与上文语意联系紧密，故选E。] 4．G　[该段的主题句“整理房屋或工作空间”和该段第一句可知，通过整理事物人们可以更好地集中精力完成任务。G项“混乱常常会分散你对正在尝试完成的任务的注意力”解释了原因，符合语境。] 5．A　[该段讲到如果你认为你正在做的某件事是没有意义的，那么你很难实现高效。在你开始做每件事情前，就让自己尽力寻找其中的意义。A项“在无聊的事情中找到价值”能概括该段主旨，而且该选项句式特征与其他段落主旨句句式特征一致，均以动词原形开头。] 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $