内容正文:
语法专题
英 语
语法项目(一)——名 词
名词的数
考点一
语法项目(一)——名 词
语法项目(一)——名 词
语法项目(一)——名 词
语法项目(一)——名 词
语法项目(一)——名 词
语法项目(一)——名 词
名词所有格
考点二
语法项目(一)——名 词
语法项目(一)——名 词
语法项目(一)——名 词
词性转换
考点三
语法项目(一)——名 词
语法项目(一)——名 词
解题技法点拨
语法项目(一)——名 词
语法项目(一)——名 词
语法项目(一)——名 词
语法项目(二)——冠 词
不定冠词的3种基本用法及2种灵活用法
考点一
语法项目(二)——冠 词
语法项目(二)——冠 词
语法项目(二)——冠 词
定冠词的5种基本用法
考点二
语法项目(二)——冠 词
语法项目(二)——冠 词
零冠词的3种基本用法
考点三
语法项目(二)——冠 词
语法项目(二)——冠 词
固定搭配中的冠词
考点四
语法项目(二)——冠 词
语法项目(二)——冠 词
语法项目(二)——冠 词
语法项目(二)——冠 词
解题技法点拨
语法项目(二)——冠 词
语法项目(二)——冠 词
语法小练——对点冲关
语法小练——对点冲关
语法小练——对点冲关
语法小练——对点冲关
语法小练——对点冲关
语法小练——对点冲关
语法小练——对点冲关
语法小练——对点冲关
语法小练——对点冲关
语法小练——对点冲关
语法小练——对点冲关
语法小练——对点冲关
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1.可数名词变复数的规则变化
可数名词变复数形式时,一般在名词后面加s或es。变化规则如下表:
情况
方法
例词
一般情况
加s
student→students,teacher→teachers,doctor→doctors,table→tables
以s,x,ch,sh结尾
加es
glass→glasses,dish→dishes,box→boxes,watch→watches
注意:stomach复数形式直接加s
情况
方法
例词
以“辅音字母+y”结尾
变y为i再加es
family→families,baby→babies,army→armies,body→bodies
以f或fe结尾
大都变f或fe为v,再加es;少数直接加s
thief→thieves,wife→wives,knife→knives,shelf→shelves,life→lives,belief→beliefs,proof→proofs,roof→roofs,chief→chiefs
以o结尾
通常加s有的加es
radio→radios,video→videos,zoo→zoos,tobacco→tobaccos,hero→heroes,potato→potatoes,tomato→tomatoes
2.可数名词单数变为复数的不规则变化
变化规则
例词
自身有特殊
变化的名词
child→children,man→men,tooth→teeth,foot→feet,mouse→mice,phenomenon→phenomena,medium→media
单复数同形
Chinese,sheep,deer,series,aircraft,means,species
3.不可数名词
(1)只用作不可数的名词:advice, furniture, fun, information, news, weather, progress, wealth等。
(2)抽象名词具体化:抽象名词与a(an)连用,淡化了抽象概念,转化为具体的动作、行为或类别等概念。
单词
抽象名词意义
具体化名词意义
success
成功
成功的人或事
pleasure
乐趣
令人高兴的事
beauty
美;美丽
美丽的人或事物
comfort
安慰;慰藉
令人感到安慰的人或事物
danger
危险
危险的人或因素
单词
抽象名词意义
具体化名词意义
delight
高兴
令人高兴的事
failure
失败
失败的人或事物
surprise
惊喜
令人惊奇的事情
shock
震惊
令人震惊的事情
pride
骄傲
令人骄傲的人或事情
有生命名词
不以s结尾的名词加's
children's books
以s结尾的复数名词加'
the girls' dormitory
以s结尾的单数名词加's或'
our boss' office
无生命名词
通常用of所有格表示
the capital of Peru
表示时间、距离、国家、城市、机构、节日等的名词通常用's所有格表示
Beijing's parks
双重所有格
名词+of+名词所有格/名词性物主代词
a friend of my father's
[名师点津] (1)并列的名词变所有格时,若表示不同的所有关系,则分别在两个名词后加's;如果表示共有关系,则只在最后一个名词后加's。如:
①Kate and Mary's room
凯特和玛丽共有的房间
②Kate's and Mary's rooms
凯特和玛丽各自的房间
(2)表示店铺或某人的家时,名词所有格之后的shop,house,home等常省去。如:
①at the doctor's (office) 在(医生的)诊室里
②at Mr.Green's (house) 在格林先生家
1.动词变名词
al
approve→approval;arrive→arrival
ance/ence
appear→appearance;exist→existence
tion/ation
compete→competition;explain→explanation
(ss)ion
discuss→discussion;admit→admission
ment
achieve→achievement;argue→argument
ure/ture
press→pressure;mix→mixture
y
recover→recovery;discover→discovery
其他
choose→choice;vary→variety
2.形容词变名词
age
short→shortage
cy
efficient→efficiency;fluent→fluency
dom
free→freedom;wise→wisdom
ce
different→difference;silent→silence
ness
weak→weakness;careless→carelessness
th
warm→warmth
ty/ity
safe→safety;disable→disability
【解题攻略】
第一步:确定是否填名词
根据语境标志词判断名词
(1)看到冠词、形容词或形容词性物主代词时,要想到名词;
(2)遇到介词或及物动词时要想到名词;
(3)当看到并列连词所连接的前或后是名词时要想到名词。
第二步:判断名词单复数
根据规则确定名词单复数
(1)如果空格处被these、several、many和有复数含义的数词等修饰时,要考虑用名词的复数形式;
(2)如果一般现在时的谓语动词是动词原形或are,要考虑用名词的复数形式。
【典例印证】
[典例] (2024·新高考Ⅱ卷)Although they could never have met, there are common 57 (theme) in their works, said Paul Edmondson, head of research for the Shakespeare Birthplace Trust.
[分析] 第一步:确定填名词。句意:莎士比亚故居信托基金会的研究主管Paul Edmondson说,尽管他们从未见过面,但他们的作品中都有共同的主题。本句为“there be”句型,此处为句子的主语,空处应填名词。
第二步:判断名词单复数。根据谓语动词are可判断,本句主语为名词的复数形式。
自主解答
themes
(一)3种基本用法
1.表示类指或指某类中的任何一个。
It is generally accepted that a boy must learn to stand up and fight like a man.
人们普遍认为男孩必须学着顶天立地,像个男子汉一样去奋斗。
2.表示泛指,说话人第一次提及某人或某物时通常用不定冠词。
It was a cold winter night and the moon was shining brightly across the night sky.
那是一个寒冷的冬夜,月亮在夜空中闪耀着。
3.表示量指,不定冠词表示“一”这个数量,但数的概念没有one强烈。
Rome was not built in a day.
罗马非一日建成。/冰冻三尺,非一日之寒。
(二)2种灵活用法
1.表示“某一个”,相当于some/a certain。
A Mr.Brown came to see you just now.
刚才有一位布朗先生来看你。
2.“a(n)+序数词”表示“又一、再一”;“a most+形容词”表示“非常、很……”。
He missed the gold in the high jump,but he will get a second chance in the long jump.
他在跳高比赛中没有赢得金牌,但是在跳远比赛中他还有一次(获得金牌的)机会。
1.特指某人或某事。
Yesterday John's father bought him a new bike.The bike cost him 200 yuan.
昨天约翰的父亲给他买了一辆新自行车。这辆自行车花了他200元。
2.用在含有普通名词的专有名词前,或与世界上独一无二的事物连用。
The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.
太阳从东方升起,在西方落下。
3.用在序数词和形容词、副词最高级及only、very、same等之前。
Could you give me some advice on the best way to solve the problem?
你能就解决这个问题的最好办法给我一些建议吗?
4.用在表示计量的名词前,如by the hour、by the day、by the week、by the dozen、by the yard等,但是如果表示单位的名词为不可数名词,则其前不用冠词,如by weight/height等。
—It's said that John will get a job paying over $60,000 a year.
—Right,he will also get paid by the week.
——据说约翰会得到一份年薪超过60 000美元的工作。
——是的,他的工资也将会按周支付。
5.某些形容词前面加定冠词,表示某类人或物。
The injured were taken to the nearest hospital without delay.
伤员立刻被送到了最近的医院。
1.不可数名词或可数名词复数表示泛指时不用冠词。
2.称呼语及表示独一无二的头衔、职务的名词作表语、宾语补足语或同位语时,不用冠词。
Dr Peter Spence,headmaster of the school,told us,“A fifth of pupils here go on to further study at Oxford or Cambridge.”
这所学校的校长彼得·斯宾塞告诉我们:“这儿五分之一的学生将到牛津大学或剑桥大学继续深造。”
3.表示时间、节日、季节、三餐、球类运动、语言、学科的名词前不用冠词。
It takes a lot of selfdiscipline to go jogging in winter.在冬天跑步是需要很大的自律力的。
1.含不定冠词的固定搭配
①have a knowledge/an understanding of
了解
②have a good view of
饱览
③in a hurry
匆忙地
④as a result
因此
⑤as a rule
通常
⑥as a whole
总体上
⑦as a matter of fact
事实上
2.含定冠词的固定搭配
①make the most/best of
充分利用
②in the end
最后
③by the way
顺便说一下
④in the distance
在远处
⑤in the way
挡道
⑥on the whole
总的来说
3.含零冠词的固定搭配
①at present
目前
②take part in
参加
③in peace
平静
④by chance/accident
碰巧
⑤on purpose
故意
⑥on second thoughts
再三考虑
⑦ahead of time
提前
⑧in advance
提前
4.常用的固定词组辨析
【解题攻略】
第一步:确定是否填冠词
首先,分析句子结构,看空后是否有名词。
第二步:判断特指还是泛指
(1)若空后有单数可数名词,搭配后表示泛指时,应考虑不定冠词a/an;
(2)若发现空后有名词,搭配后表示特指时,应考虑定冠词the;
(3)判断是不是固定搭配。
【典例印证】
[典例] (2024·新高考Ⅰ卷)Further, the Silk Route Garden around the greenhouse walks visitors through a journey influenced by the ancient Silk Road, by which silk as well as many plant species came to Britain for first time.
[分析] 第一步:确定填冠词。根据后面的first time可知,应用冠词修饰。
第二步:判断特指还是泛指。根据语境可知,丝绸和许多植物品种首次通过丝绸之路传入英国,此处为特指。
自主解答
the
criticism
richness
Ⅰ.真题演练
1.(2024·全国甲卷)They all agreed and vowed (承诺) to promote the idea at the
(complete) of their journey.
2.(2024·浙江1月卷)Many supermarkets are no longer doing “buy one get one free” promotions because of the (criticize) that they lead to waste.
3.(2024·新高考Ⅰ卷)The Glasshouse stands as a great achievement in contemporary design, to house the plants of the southwestern part of China at the end of a path retracing (追溯) the steps along the Silk Route that brought the plants from their native habitat in Asia to come to define much of the (rich) of gardening in England.
completion
favorites
treasures
4.(2024·新高考Ⅱ卷)Those cultural elements have increased Stratford's international (visible), said Edmondson, adding that visitors walking through the Birthplace Garden were often amazed to find the connection between the two great writers.
5.(2024·新高考Ⅰ卷)These plants included modern Western (favorite) such as rosemary, lavender and fennel.
6.(2024·全国甲卷)Although parks of all sizes and types exist at any level, the national parks, in particular, tend to catch our attention because of their large size and variety.They are (treasure) of American heritage (遗产).
visibility
son's
the
7.(2023·新高考Ⅱ卷)Since June 2017, right before the (arrive) of the two new pandas, Meng Meng and Jiao Qing, I have been helping the panda keepers at the zoo to feel more comfortable and confident speaking English.
8.(2022·新高考Ⅱ卷)“He saved my (son) life,” said Mrs.Brown.“I don't know how to thank him.”
9.(2024·浙江 1月卷)Over the last two years, some supermarkets have started selling chicken or salad in packs designed with two halves containing separate portions (份).Then, when you use one section, other stays fresh.
arrival
the
The
10.(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷)The meat should be fresh with touch of sweetness and the soup hot, clear and delicious.
11.(2023·新高考Ⅱ卷)Not the pandas, even though language used for the medical training instructions is actually English.
12.(2022·新高考Ⅱ卷) Brown family live in an apartment building outside Toronto.
a
recognition
Ⅱ.模拟冲关
1.(2025·河北邯郸第三次调研)In the case of the bamboo, it serves as an emblem(象征) of modesty and mental (strong).
2.(2025·浙江杭州二中首考热身考)It reflected the global
(recognize)of Hong Kong cinema, which has been an important force in the film world.
strength
vastness
3.(2025·湖南新高考教学教研联盟模拟)The cultural relics are the product of the cultural exchanges that took place over (century) on the ancient Silk Road.
4.(2025·河南TOP二十名校质检一)After the completion of the Tianwen Ⅰ mission, China will also plan a number of Tianwen series of planetary exploration missions to explore the (vast) of space.
centuries
an
5.(2025·江苏南通海门第二次调研)Created in 2010, Chinese Language Day was designated to celebrate multilingualism and cultural (diverse), and promote the equal use of the six official languages within the United Nations.
6.(2025·西南“3+3+3”诊断性联考一)The technology refers to a reconfigurable(可重新配置的) intelligent surface, AIempowered artificial material.
diversity
the
7.(2025·湖南新高考教学教研联盟模拟)It's a race against time, as generations of cultural heritage conservators at the Dunhuang Academy make a great effort to protect the artistic charm of the Mogao Caves, UNESCO World Heritage Site.
8.(2025·河南南阳联考)Researchers have found that happy people tend to be energetic, decisive, flexible, creative, and sociable and tend to look at brighter side of life.
a
the
9.(2025·安徽“江南十校”联考)Confucius stresses that selfdiscipline is
must for practicing the rules of propriety (礼) and achieving ren.
10.(2025·江西鹰潭模拟)As a UNESCO City of Gastronomy, Chengdu is
birthplace of classic Sichuan dishes such as Kung Pao Chicken and Mapo Tofu, which is famous for its spicy hotpot as well as its diverse street snacks.
a
Ⅲ.写作运用(用名词和冠词补全作文)
(2025·吉林白城期中)世界各地有不同的节日和庆祝活动,这些节日和庆祝活动起源广泛,涉及宗教、名人和重大事件。请你写一封邮件向你的笔友Tom介绍几个中国的节日。
要求:1.包含至少两个以上的节日及其习俗;
2.邀请Tom前往中国一起过节。
Chinese traditional
festivals
the beginning of the planting season and outdoor
activities
Dear Tom,
There are 1. (不同的节日和庆祝活动) around the world.I'm very glad to tell you something about 2.
(中国传统节日).
The Tombsweeping Day is a time for remembering loved ones who have passed away.It also marks 3.
(种植季节和户外活动的开始).The MidAutumn Festival is
different festivals and celebrations
the round moon
The most important and
typical festival
the end of winter and the coming of spring
calendar
celebrated on 4.
(中国农历八月十五日), when families gather together to eat mooncakes and enjoy 5. (圆圆的月亮).6.
(最重要和最典型的节日) in China is the Spring Festival, looking forward to 7. (冬天的结束和春天的到来).
Welcome to China to celebrate these festivals with us next year.
Yours,
Li Hua
the 15th day of the eighth month of the Chinese lunar
$