Unit 12 Innovation 词汇同步笔记 清单-2024-2025学年高中英语北师大版选择性必修第四册
2025-12-01
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摘要:
该高中英语知识清单围绕北师大版选必4 Unit 12 INNOVATION主题,系统梳理72个核心词汇。从基础词汇如well-being、vitamin逐步过渡到创新主题词汇如innovation、productive,再延伸至学科相关词汇如scientific、relativity,构建从基础积累到主题深化的学习支架。
知识链路按“词汇-词形-派生-考点-语境”逻辑清晰呈现,每个单词配套派生词拓展(如innovation派生出innovate、innovator)和核心考点(如promote well-being、technological innovation),辅以语境化例句。通过词形变化对比和派生关系梳理,培养学生语言能力和思维品质,助力高效记忆与灵活运用,体现结构化学习方法。
内容正文:
北师大版 选必 4 Unit 12 INNOVATION词汇同步笔记
序号
单词
词形变化
派生词
核心考点
例句
1
well-being n. 健康,幸福,舒适
无复数
无
1. promote well-being(促进健康幸福)2. physical and mental well-being(身心健康)
Regular exercise is beneficial to physical and mental well-being.(规律运动有益于身心健康。)
2
vitamin n. 维生素
名词复数:vitamins
无
1. take vitamins(服用维生素)2. vitamin supplement(维生素补充剂)
Eating fresh fruits and vegetables can provide essential vitamins.(吃新鲜果蔬能提供必需的维生素。)
3
entertainment n. 娱乐节目
名词复数:entertainments
entertain vt. 娱乐;招待;entertaining adj. 有趣的
1. form of entertainment(娱乐形式)2. provide entertainment(提供娱乐)
Online games have become a popular form of entertainment among young people.(网络游戏已成为年轻人中流行的娱乐形式。)
4
innovation n. 新发明,新方法,新观念;革新,创新
名词复数:innovations
innovate vi. & vt. 革新,创新;innovator n. 创新者
1. technological innovation(技术创新)2. encourage innovation(鼓励创新)
Technological innovation has greatly changed people's lives.(技术创新极大地改变了人们的生活。)
5
gifted adj. 有天赋的,有才华的
比较级:more gifted;最高级:most gifted
gift n. 天赋;礼物;gift vt. 赋予
1. gifted in(在……方面有天赋)2. gifted student(有天赋的学生)
She is gifted in music and can play multiple instruments.(她在音乐方面有天赋,能演奏多种乐器。)
6
labour-saving adj. 节省劳力的
无比较级/最高级
labour n. 劳动;save vt. 节省;labour-saving device 省力设备
1. labour-saving machine(省力机器)2. labour-saving technology(省力技术)
The labour-saving robot has improved work efficiency in the factory.(省力机器人提高了工厂的工作效率。)
7
productive adj. 多产的;丰饶的;富有成效的
比较级:more productive;最高级:most productive
produce vt. 生产;product n. 产品;productivity n. 生产力
1. productive work(富有成效的工作)2. productive land(丰饶的土地)
The team had a productive discussion and solved many problems.(团队进行了富有成效的讨论,解决了许多问题。)
8
garbage n. 垃圾
无复数
无
1. garbage collection(垃圾收集)2. throw away garbage(扔垃圾)
We should sort garbage to protect the environment.(我们应该垃圾分类以保护环境。)
9
device n. 设备,装置;修辞手段
名词复数:devices
无
1. electronic device(电子设备)2. medical device(医疗设备)
This new electronic device is small and easy to carry.(这款新电子设备体积小,便于携带。)
10
scientific adj. 科学(上)的
比较级:more scientific;最高级:most scientific
science n. 科学;scientist n. 科学家;scientifically adv. 科学地
1. scientific research(科学研究)2. scientific method(科学方法)
Scientists are conducting scientific research on new energy.(科学家们正在进行新能源的科学研究。)
11
microscope n. 显微镜
名词复数:microscopes
microscopic adj. 微观的;显微镜的
1. use a microscope(使用显微镜)2. electron microscope(电子显微镜)
The student observed cells under the microscope in biology class.(学生在生物课上用显微镜观察细胞。)
12
donate vi. & vt. 捐献(器官),献(血);捐赠,捐献
过去式/过去分词:donated
donation n. 捐赠;捐献;donor n. 捐赠者
1. donate blood(献血)2. donate money to(向……捐款)
Many kind people volunteered to donate blood during the emergency.(紧急情况下,许多好心人自愿献血。)
13
correspond vi. 通信;符合
过去式/过去分词:corresponded
correspondence n. 通信;对应;corresponding adj. 相应的
1. correspond with(与……通信)2. correspond to(与……相符)
She corresponded with her pen pal abroad for many years.(她与国外的笔友通信多年。)
14
instant adj. 立刻的,马上的;n. 瞬间
形容词比较级:more instant;最高级:most instant;名词复数:instants
instantly adv. 立刻;instant noodles 方便面
1. instant response(即时响应)2. in an instant(瞬间)
The system provides an instant response to user requests.(该系统对用户请求提供即时响应。)
15
launch vt. 发射;发动,发起,开始从事;n. 发射;发起
动词过去式/过去分词:launched;名词复数:launches
launcher n. 发射器
1. launch a satellite(发射卫星)2. launch a project(发起项目)
The country successfully launched a new communication satellite.(该国成功发射了一颗新的通信卫星。)
16
satellite n. 人造卫星;卫星
名词复数:satellites
satellite TV 卫星电视;satellite communication 卫星通信
1. artificial satellite(人造卫星)2. natural satellite(天然卫星)
The moon is the Earth's only natural satellite.(月球是地球唯一的天然卫星。)
17
orbit n. 轨道;vi. & vt. 沿轨道运行
名词复数:orbits;动词过去式/过去分词:orbited
orbital adj. 轨道的
1. go into orbit(进入轨道)2. orbit around(围绕……运行)
The satellite orbits around the Earth every 90 minutes.(这颗卫星每90分钟绕地球运行一周。)
18
split vi. & vt. 分割,把……分开;分成(不同部分)
过去式/过去分词:split;名词复数:splits
split n. 分割;裂口
1. split into(分成……)2. split up(分开;分裂)
The team split into two groups to complete the task efficiently.(团队分成两组以高效完成任务。)
19
particle n. 粒子,质点
名词复数:particles
particle physics 粒子物理学
1. atomic particle(原子粒子)2. tiny particle(微小粒子)
Scientists are studying the movement of subatomic particles.(科学家们正在研究亚原子粒子的运动。)
20
premier adj. 最好的;最重要的;n. 首相,总理
形容词无比较级/最高级;名词复数:premiers
无
1. premier brand(顶级品牌)2. premier minister(首相)
This is one of the premier universities in the world.(这是世界上顶尖的大学之一。)
21
outspoken adj. 坦率的,直言不讳的
比较级:more outspoken;最高级:most outspoken
outspokenly adv. 坦率地;直言不讳地
1. outspoken about(对……直言不讳)2. outspoken critic(坦率的评论家)
She is outspoken about environmental protection issues.(她在环保问题上直言不讳。)
22
subsequently adv. 后来,随后
无比较级/最高级
subsequent adj. 随后的;subsequence n. 随后发生的事
1. subsequently discover(后来发现)2. subsequently decide(随后决定)
He graduated from college and subsequently worked in a tech company.(他大学毕业后,随后在一家科技公司工作。)
23
relativity n. 相对性;相对论
无复数
relative adj. 相对的;relatively adv. 相对地
1. theory of relativity(相对论)2. principle of relativity(相对性原理)
Einstein's theory of relativity changed human understanding of the universe.(爱因斯坦的相对论改变了人类对宇宙的认知。)
24
constant adj. 恒久不变的;持续不断的,经常发生的;n. 常量,恒量
形容词比较级:more constant;最高级:most constant;名词复数:constants
constantly adv. 不断地;持续地
1. constant change(不断的变化)2. mathematical constant(数学常量)
The city is facing constant challenges in urban development.(这座城市在城市发展中面临着不断的挑战。)
25
finding n. 研究的结果;发现
名词复数:findings
find vt. 发现;找到;finder n. 发现者
1. research findings(研究发现)2. surprising finding(惊人的发现)
The research findings were published in a famous scientific journal.(研究发现发表在一本著名的科学期刊上。)
26
biologist n. 生物学家
名词复数:biologists
biology n. 生物学;biological adj. 生物学的
1. marine biologist(海洋生物学家)2. research biologist(研究型生物学家)
The biologist spent years studying the habits of marine organisms.(这位生物学家花了数年时间研究海洋生物的习性。)
27
mould n. 霉,霉菌;vt. 使发霉;塑造
名词复数:moulds;动词过去式/过去分词:moulded
mouldy adj. 发霉的
1. green mould(绿霉)2. mould on bread(面包上的霉菌)
The bread left in the kitchen for days grew mould.(放在厨房几天的面包长霉了。)
28
penicillin n. 青霉素,盘尼西林
无复数
无
1. take penicillin(服用青霉素)2. penicillin injection(青霉素注射)
Penicillin is an important antibiotic used to treat bacterial infections.(青霉素是治疗细菌感染的重要抗生素。)
29
perceive vt. 察觉,注意到,发觉;看作
过去式/过去分词:perceived
perception n. 感知;看法;perceptive adj. 有洞察力的
1. perceive as(把……看作)2. perceive a change(察觉变化)
She perceived a subtle change in his attitude towards the project.(她察觉到他对这个项目的态度有微妙的变化。)
30
million num. 百万;n. 百万(人或物)
名词复数:millions(与of连用);无动词形式
millionaire n. 百万富翁;millions of(数百万的)
1. two million people(两百万人)2. millions of dollars(数百万美元)
Over two million people have benefited from the new medical innovation.(超过两百万人从这项新的医疗创新中受益。)
31
humble adj. 谦逊的,谦卑的;简陋的
比较级:humbler;最高级:humbest
humbly adv. 谦逊地;humility n. 谦逊
1. humble attitude(谦逊的态度)2. humble beginnings( humble origins)(出身卑微)
The famous scientist remained humble despite his great achievements.(这位著名科学家尽管成就斐然,仍保持谦逊。)
32
outcome n. 结果,后果
名词复数:outcomes
无
1. positive outcome(积极结果)2. outcome of(……的结果)
The outcome of the experiment exceeded the researchers' expectations.(实验结果超出了研究人员的预期。)
33
navy n. 海军;海军部队
名词复数:navies
naval adj. 海军的;navy blue 藏青色
1. national navy(国家海军)2. join the navy(加入海军)
The country's navy plays an important role in maritime security.(该国海军在海上安全方面发挥着重要作用。)
34
accuracy n. 准确性;精准度;正确,准确
无复数
accurate adj. 准确的;accurately adv. 准确地
1. with accuracy(准确地)2. improve accuracy(提高准确性)
The new measuring tool greatly improves the accuracy of data collection.(这款新测量工具极大地提高了数据收集的准确性。)
35
missile n. 导弹,飞弹
名词复数:missiles
missile system(导弹系统)
1. guided missile(导弹)2. cruise missile(巡航导弹)
The military successfully tested a new type of guided missile.(军方成功测试了一种新型导弹。)
36
physicist n. 物理学家
名词复数:physicists
physics n. 物理;physical adj. 物理的;身体的
1. theoretical physicist(理论物理学家)2. nuclear physicist(核物理学家)
The physicist devoted his life to the research of quantum mechanics.(这位物理学家毕生致力于量子力学的研究。)
37
joint adj. 联合的,共同的,共有的;n. 关节;接合处
形容词无比较级/最高级;名词复数:joints;动词过去式/过去分词:jointed
jointly adv. 联合地;共同地
1. joint effort(共同努力)2. joint project(联合项目)
The two companies launched a joint project to develop new energy technology.(两家公司发起联合项目,研发新能源技术。)
38
tube n. 圆管,管子;电视显像管,阴极射线管
名词复数:tubes
tubular adj. 管状的;tube station 地铁站(英式)
1. glass tube(玻璃管)2. vacuum tube(真空管)
The engineer replaced the broken tube in the machine.(工程师更换了机器中损坏的管子。)
39
circuit n. 电路,线路;环形道路
名词复数:circuits
circular adj. 圆形的;circuitry n. 电路系统
1. electrical circuit(电路)2. integrated circuit(集成电路)
The electrician checked the circuit to find the fault.(电工检查了电路以查找故障。)
40
efficiently adv. 有效率地,高效能地
无比较级/最高级
efficient adj. 有效率的;efficiency n. 效率
1. work efficiently(高效工作)2. operate efficiently(高效运行)
The new software helps the company operate more efficiently.(这款新软件帮助公司更高效地运营。)
41
propose vt. 提出(某观点、方法等);提议;求婚
过去式/过去分词:proposed
proposal n. 提议;提案;proposer n. 提议者
1. propose a plan(提出计划)2. propose an idea(提出想法)
He proposed a new method to improve the efficiency of the production line.(他提出了一种新方法来提高生产线的效率。)
42
emerge vi. 出现,浮现;兴起
过去式/过去分词:emerged
emergence n. 出现;兴起;emerging adj. 新兴的
1. emerge from(从……出现)2. emerge as(成为……)
A new type of energy-saving technology has emerged in recent years.(近年来,一种新型节能技术应运而生。)
43
coincidence n. 运气;巧合
名词复数:coincidences
coincidental adj. 巧合的;coincidentally adv. 巧合地
1. by coincidence(巧合地)2. strange coincidence(奇怪的巧合)
It was a coincidence that they both invented similar innovations.(他们都发明了类似的创新产品,真是巧合。)
44
clueless adj. 一无所知的,一窍不通的
比较级:more clueless;最高级:most clueless
clue n. 线索;cluelessly adv. 一无所知地
1. be clueless about(对……一无所知)2. remain clueless(仍然一无所知)
He was clueless about the latest technological innovations.(他对最新的技术创新一无所知。)
45
incubation n. 孵化;潜伏期;培育
无复数
incubate vt. 孵化;培育;incubator n. 孵化器
1. incubation period(潜伏期)2. incubation of ideas(想法的培育)
The incubation period of the new project is about six months.(这个新项目的培育期约为六个月。)
46
evaluation n. 评估,评价
名词复数:evaluations
evaluate vt. 评估;评价;evaluative adj. 评估的
1. evaluation report(评估报告)2. comprehensive evaluation(综合评估)
The company conducted a comprehensive evaluation of the new product.(公司对这款新产品进行了综合评估。)
47
theoretical adj. 理论的;理论上的
比较级:more theoretical;最高级:most theoretical
theory n. 理论;theoretically adv. 理论上
1. theoretical knowledge(理论知识)2. theoretical physics(理论物理)
The student combined theoretical knowledge with practical operations.(这位学生将理论知识与实际操作相结合。)
48
overcome vt. 克服(困难),控制(感情);征服,战胜
过去式:overcame;过去分词:overcome
overcoming n. 克服;overcome difficulties 克服困难
1. overcome difficulties(克服困难)2. overcome fear(克服恐惧)
Scientists overcame many challenges during the innovation process.(科学家们在创新过程中克服了许多挑战。)
49
PhD (Doctor of Philosophy) n. 博士学位
名词复数:PhDs
无
1. earn a PhD(获得博士学位)2. PhD student(博士生)
She spent five years studying to earn a PhD in chemistry.(她花了五年时间学习,获得了化学博士学位。)
50
cosmology n. 宇宙论,宇宙学
无复数
cosmic adj. 宇宙的;cosmologist n. 宇宙学家
1. cosmology research(宇宙论研究)2. modern cosmology(现代宇宙学)
His research focuses on the origin of the universe in modern cosmology.(他的研究集中在现代宇宙学中宇宙的起源问题。)
51
grand adj. 宏伟的,壮丽的,隆重的;重大的
比较级:grander;最高级:grandest
grandly adv. 宏伟地;grandness n. 宏伟
1. grand plan(宏伟的计划)2. grand ceremony(隆重的仪式)
The government launched a grand plan to promote technological innovation.(政府推出了一项宏伟的计划来促进技术创新。)
52
decline vi. 减少,降低;衰退;vt. 拒绝
过去式/过去分词:declined;名词复数:declines
decline n. 减少;衰退;declining adj. 下降的
1. decline rapidly(迅速减少)2. decline an invitation(拒绝邀请)
The demand for traditional energy has been declining in recent years.(近年来,传统能源的需求一直在下降。)
53
in spite of 虽然;不顾;尽管……(仍……)
无词形变化
无
1. in spite of difficulties(尽管有困难)2. in spite of rain(尽管下雨)
In spite of many setbacks, they finally succeeded in the innovation.(尽管遇到了许多挫折,他们最终在创新方面取得了成功。)
54
bonus n. 意外收获,额外的好处;奖金;红利
名词复数:bonuses
无
1. year-end bonus(年终奖)2. extra bonus(额外奖励)
The team received a special bonus for their outstanding innovation achievements.(该团队因其出色的创新成果获得了特别奖金。)
55
gravity n. 重力,引力;严重性
无复数
grave adj. 严重的;gravitational adj. 引力的
1. law of gravity(万有引力定律)2. gravity of the situation(局势的严重性)
Newton discovered the law of gravity after observing an apple fall.(牛顿观察到苹果落地后发现了万有引力定律。)
56
steam n. 水蒸气;蒸汽动力;vi. 冒蒸汽
名词无复数;动词过去式/过去分词:steamed
steamy adj. 蒸汽弥漫的;steam engine 蒸汽机
1. steam engine(蒸汽机)2. generate steam(产生蒸汽)
The invention of the steam engine led to the Industrial Revolution.(蒸汽机的发明引发了工业革命。)
57
kettle n. 水壶,壶
名词复数:kettles
无
1. electric kettle(电水壶)2. boiling kettle(沸腾的水壶)
She boiled water in the electric kettle to make tea.(她用电水壶烧水泡茶。)
58
boil vi. & vt. (使)沸腾,煮沸;(用开水)煮;n. 沸腾
动词过去式/过去分词:boiled;名词复数:boils
boiling adj. 沸腾的;boiled adj. 煮熟的
1. boil water(煮水)2. come to a boil(沸腾)
The water in the pot will come to a boil in five minutes.(锅里的水五分钟后就会沸腾。)
59
improvement n. 改善,改进;改进之处
名词复数:improvements
improve vt. & vi. 改善;改进;improved adj. 改进的
1. improvement in(在……方面的改善)2. make improvements(进行改进)
There have been great improvements in the design of the new device.(这款新设备的设计有了很大改进。)
60
revolution n. 彻底变革,革命;旋转
名词复数:revolutions
revolutionary adj. 革命的;革新的;revolutionize vt. 使彻底变革
1. technological revolution(技术革命)2. industrial revolution(工业革命)
The information technology revolution has changed the way people work.(信息技术革命改变了人们的工作方式。)
61
availability n. 可能性;可用性;可获得性
无复数
available adj. 可获得的;可用的;avail vt. 有益于
1. availability of resources(资源的可获得性)2. high availability(高可用性)
The availability of cheap energy is crucial for the project.(廉价能源的可获得性对该项目至关重要。)
62
fibre n. (木材、碳等天然材料的)纤维
名词复数:fibres
fibrous adj. 纤维状的;fibre-optic adj. 光纤的
1. natural fibre(天然纤维)2. carbon fibre(碳纤维)
Carbon fibre is widely used in the manufacturing of high-tech products.(碳纤维广泛应用于高科技产品的制造。)
63
explode vi. & vt. (使)爆炸;急剧增长;爆发
过去式/过去分词:exploded
explosion n. 爆炸;爆发;explosive adj. 爆炸的;易爆的
1. explode with anger(勃然大怒)2. population explode(人口激增)
The number of users of the new app exploded within a month.(这款新应用的用户数量在一个月内急剧增长。)
64
mass n. 大量,大宗; masses 民众;adj. 大量的;大规模的
名词复数:masses(表“民众”);形容词无比较级/最高级
massive adj. 大量的;巨大的;massively adv. 大量地
1. a mass of(大量的)2. mass production(大规模生产)
The factory adopted mass production to reduce the cost of the new product.(工厂采用大规模生产以降低新产品的成本。)
65
sailor n. 水手,海员;水兵
名词复数:sailors
sail vi. & vt. 航行;sailing n. 航行
1. merchant sailor(商船水手)2. experienced sailor(经验丰富的水手)
The experienced sailor survived the storm at sea.(这位经验丰富的水手在海上风暴中幸存下来。)
66
regulate vt. 控制,管理;调节;校准
过去式/过去分词:regulated
regulation n. 规则;管理;regulatory adj. 监管的
1. regulate temperature(调节温度)2. regulate the market(规范市场)
The device can automatically regulate the temperature in the room.(该设备能自动调节房间内的温度。)
67
illustrate vt. 说明,阐明;给(书籍、文章等)加插图
过去式/过去分词:illustrated
illustration n. 插图;说明;illustrative adj. 说明性的
1. illustrate with(用……说明)2. illustrate a point(阐明观点)
The professor used examples to illustrate his theory on innovation.(教授用例子阐明了他的创新理论。)
68
mechanical adj. 机械的;机械般的;力学的
比较级:more mechanical;最高级:most mechanical
machine n. 机器;mechanic n. 机械师;mechanically adv. 机械地
1. mechanical device(机械装置)2. mechanical engineering(机械工程)
The old factory replaced manual labor with mechanical equipment.(这家老工厂用机械设备取代了手工劳动。)
69
preserve vt. 保存(食物),腌制;维护,保护;n. 腌菜,果酱
动词过去式/过去分词:preserved;名词复数:preserves
preservation n. 保存;保护;preservative n. 防腐剂
1. preserve food(保存食物)2. preserve culture(保护文化)
Ancient people used salt to preserve meat and vegetables.(古代人用盐来保存肉类和蔬菜。)
70
specifically adv. 特定地,专门地;明确地
无比较级/最高级
specific adj. 特定的;明确的;specificity n. 特异性
1. specifically designed(专门设计的)2. specifically mention(明确提到)
This software is specifically designed for scientific research.(这款软件是专门为科学研究设计的。)
71
accurate adj. 正确的,准确的
比较级:more accurate;最高级:most accurate
accuracy n. 准确性;accurately adv. 准确地
1. accurate data(准确数据)2. accurate prediction(准确预测)
The weather forecast provides accurate prediction of temperature changes.(天气预报能准确预测气温变化。)
72
electric adj. 用电的,带电的,电动的
比较级:more electric;最高级:most electric
electricity n. 电;electrician n. 电工;electrically adv. 用电地
1. electric car(电动汽车)2. electric fan(电风扇)
More and more people choose electric cars for environmental protection.(越来越多的人为了环保选择电动汽车。)
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