知识清单02 必修第二册单元词汇短语句型梳理(期末复习知识清单) 高一英语上学期沪外版

知识清单02必修第二册单元词汇短语句型梳理 清单 01 词类转换(变出精彩，举一反三) Unit 1 Nature 1. nature（n. 自然；天性）→ natural（adj. 自然的；天生的） 2. protect（v. 保护）→ protection（n. 保护） 3. exist（v. 存在；生存）→ existence（n. 存在；实有） 4. vary（v. 变化；多样）→ various（adj. 各种各样的） 5. pollute（v. 污染）→ pollution（n. 污染） 6. survive（v. 幸存；存活）→ survival（n. 幸存；生存） 7. harm（v./n. 伤害；损害）→ harmful（adj. 有害的） 8. explore（v. 探索；考察）→ exploration（n. 探索；探险） 9. adapt（v. 适应；改编）→ adaptation（n. 适应；改编本） 10. balance（v./n. 平衡；使平衡）→ balanced（adj. 平衡的） Unit 2 Animals 1. adapt（v. 适应；改编）→ adaptation（n. 适应；改编本）→ adaptive（adj. 适应性的） 2. survive（v. 生存；幸存）→ survival（n. 生存；幸存）→ survivor（n. 幸存者） 3. danger（n. 危险）→ dangerous（adj. 危险的）→ endangered（adj. 濒危的） 4. vary（v. 变化；改变）→ variety（n. 种类；多样性）→ various（adj. 各种各样的） 5. protect（v. 保护）→ protection（n. 保护）→ protective（adj. 保护的） 6. harm（v./n. 伤害；损害）→ harmful（adj. 有害的）→ harmless（adj. 无害的） 7. strong（adj. 强壮的）→ strength（n. 力量；优势）→ strengthen（v. 加强；巩固） 8. exist（v. 存在）→ existence（n. 存在）→ existing（adj. 现存的） 9. observe（v. 观察；遵守）→ observation（n. 观察；观测）→ observer（n. 观察者） 10. rare（adj. 稀有的；罕见的）→ rarity（n. 稀有；珍品）→ rarely（adv. 很少；难得） 清单 02 识词知意(厚积薄发，熟能生巧) Unit 1 Nature 1. protect（v. 保护；防卫）：protect...from/against（保护……免受……伤害）、protect the environment（保护环境） 2. exist（v. 存在；生存）：exist in（存在于……中）、exist on（靠……生存） 3. survive（v. 幸存；存活；挺过）：survive the disaster（从灾难中幸存）、survive on little food（靠少量食物存活） 4. harm（v./n. 伤害；损害）：do harm to（对……造成伤害）、be harmful to（对……有害） 5. preserve（v. 保护；保存；维持）：preserve nature（保护自然）、preserve the ecosystem（维护生态系统） 6. adapt（v. 适应；改编）：adapt to（适应……）、adapt oneself to（使自己适应……） 7. balance（v./n. 平衡；使平衡）：keep a balance（保持平衡）、balance work and rest（平衡工作与休息） 8. explore（v. 探索；考察；探究）：explore the wilderness（探索荒野）、explore the causes（探究原因） 9. destroy（v. 破坏；摧毁）：destroy the habitat（破坏栖息地）、be destroyed by human activities（被人类活动摧毁） 10. recover（v. 恢复；康复；找回）：recover from damage（从破坏中恢复）、recover the lost species（找回濒危物种） Unit 2 Animals 1. habitat（n. 栖息地）：搭配——destroy the habitat（破坏栖息地）、protect animals' habitat（保护动物栖息地） 2. breed（v. 繁殖；养育；n. 品种）：搭配——breed rapidly（快速繁殖）、a rare breed of dog（稀有犬种） 3. hunt（v. 狩猎；搜寻）：搭配——hunt for prey（捕猎猎物）、ban hunting（禁止狩猎） 4. threat（n. 威胁）：搭配——pose a threat to（对……构成威胁）、face a serious threat（面临严重威胁） 5. reserve（n. 自然保护区；储备；v. 保留；储备）：搭配——wildlife reserve（野生动物保护区）、reserve resources（储备资源） 6. evolve（v. 进化；演变）：搭配——evolve from（由……进化而来）、evolve over time（随着时间演变） 7. extinction（n. 灭绝）：搭配——die out extinction（灭绝）、prevent the extinction of species（防止物种灭绝） 8. migrate（v. 迁徙；迁移）：搭配——migrate to the south（向南方迁徙）、annual migration（年度迁徙） 9. feed（v. 喂养；进食；n. 饲料）：搭配——feed on（以……为食）、feed the animals（喂养动物） 10. advocate（v. 倡导；主张；n. 倡导者）：搭配——advocate animal protection（倡导动物保护）、an advocate of wildlife conservation（野生动物保护倡导者） 清单 03 高频短语(积少成多，活学活用) Unit 1 Nature 1. die out（灭绝；逐渐消失） 2. in danger of（处于……的危险中） 3. take measures to do sth.（采取措施做某事） 4. cut down（砍伐；削减） 5. in harmony with（与……和谐相处） 6. on earth（究竟；到底；在地球上） 7. contribute to（促成；有助于；为……做贡献） 8. at risk（处于危险中） 9. rely on（依靠；依赖） 10. come into being（形成；产生） Unit 2 Animals 1. die out：灭绝；逐渐消失 2. in danger of：处于……的危险中 3. take measures to do sth.：采取措施做某事 4. adapt to：适应 5. in harmony with：与……和谐相处 6. on the verge of：处于……的边缘 7. care for：照顾；关心；喜欢 8. be aware of：意识到；知道 9. play a role in：在……中发挥作用 10. contribute to：有助于；促成 清单 04 高频句型(精彩句型，句句精彩) Unit 1 Nature 1. It is + 形容词 + that...（……是……的），it为形式主语，that引导真正主语从句 例句：It is urgent that we take immediate measures to protect the endangered animals.（我们急需采取紧急措施保护濒危动物。） 2. The more..., the more...（越……，越……），前后均为比较级结构 例句：The more we protect nature, the more harmonious our living environment will be.（我们越保护自然，生活环境就会越和谐。） 3. There is no doubt that...（毫无疑问……），that引导宾语从句 例句：There is no doubt that human activities have a great impact on the natural ecosystem.（毫无疑问，人类活动对自然生态系统有着巨大影响。） 4. Not only...but also...（不仅……而且……），连接并列成分，遵循“就近原则” 例句：Not only does deforestation destroy animals' habitats, but also it causes soil erosion.（砍伐森林不仅会破坏动物的栖息地，还会导致水土流失。） 5. It is high time that...（到了该……的时候了），从句常用虚拟语气（谓语用should do或过去式） 例句：It is high time that we paid attention to environmental pollution and took action to solve it.（到了我们关注环境污染并采取行动解决它的时候了。） Unit 2 Animals 1. It is estimated that...（据估计……） It is estimated that more than 100 species die out every day due to human activities. 2. The reason why...is that...（……的原因是……） The reason why many animals are endangered is that their habitats are being destroyed. 3. Not only...but also...（不仅……而且……） Not only do animals maintain the balance of the ecosystem, but they also bring joy to human life. 4. With + 宾语 + 宾语补足语（with复合结构） With the number of pandas increasing gradually, people are more confident about their survival. 5. It is high time that...（该是……的时候了，从句用虚拟语气） It is high time that we took immediate action to protect endangered animals. 清单 05 单元写作(通用表达，范文背诵) Unit 1 Nature 核心通用词汇 1. 自然相关名词 • nature（自然）、ecosystem（生态系统）、biodiversity（生物多样性）、wildlife（野生动物）、species（物种）、habitat（栖息地）、environment（环境）、resource（资源）、forest（森林）、river（河流）、mountain（山脉）、desert（沙漠）、climate（气候）、pollution（污染）、conservation（保护）、sustainability（可持续性） 2. 动作类词汇 • protect（保护）、preserve（维护，留存）、conserve（节约，保护）、defend（守护）、prevent（预防）、reduce（减少）、relieve（缓解）、restore（恢复）、damage（破坏）、destroy（摧毁）、pollute（污染）、threaten（威胁）、exist（存在）、survive（生存）、adapt（适应）、contribute（贡献）、participate（参与） 3. 形容词/副词 • natural（自然的）、ecological（生态的）、environmental（环境的）、rare（珍稀的）、endangered（濒危的）、valuable（宝贵的）、vital（至关重要的）、urgent（紧急的）、severe（严重的）、gradually（逐渐地）、effectively（有效地）、actively（积极地）、jointly（共同地） 高频通用句式 1. 引出主题句 • As we all know, nature is the foundation of human survival and development, so protecting it is our unshakable responsibility. • With the rapid development of society, the ecological environment is facing increasingly severe challenges, which has aroused widespread concern. • Nature provides us with abundant resources and a comfortable living environment, so we should cherish and respect it. • The importance of protecting biodiversity cannot be overemphasized, for it is closely related to the balance of the ecosystem. 2. 描述问题/现象句 • In recent years, a large number of forests have been cut down, leading to the loss of wildlife habitats. • Many species are on the verge of extinction due to environmental pollution and overdevelopment. • The excessive use of natural resources has caused serious damage to the ecological balance. • Air and water pollution not only affects the survival of animals and plants but also poses a great threat to human health. 3. 提出措施/建议句 • We should strengthen environmental protection awareness and let everyone realize the importance of protecting nature. • The government should formulate and implement stricter environmental protection laws and regulations to restrict destructive behaviors. • We can take small actions in daily life, such as saving water and electricity, reducing the use of plastic products, and planting more trees. • It is necessary to carry out environmental education in schools to cultivate students' sense of responsibility for protecting nature. • We should advocate sustainable development and balance economic growth with environmental protection. 4. 表达意义/展望句 • Protecting nature is not only for the present but also for the future of our descendants. • Only by living in harmony with nature can we achieve long-term and stable development of human society. • If we can take effective measures to protect the environment, we will surely see a greener and more beautiful world. • Every effort we make for nature will contribute to the improvement of the ecological environment and the prosperity of biodiversity. 范文（背诵版） Live in Harmony with Nature Nature is the mother of all life on earth, providing us with fresh air, clean water, and abundant resources. It is the foundation of human survival and development, and maintaining a harmonious relationship with nature is crucial for our future. However, with the acceleration of industrialization and urbanization, human activities have caused serious damage to nature. A large number of forests are being cut down, resulting in soil erosion and the loss of wildlife habitats. Many rare species are facing the danger of extinction due to environmental pollution and overhunting. At the same time, the excessive emission of waste gas and waste water has led to air and water pollution, which not only affects the ecological balance but also endangers human health. Faced with these severe environmental problems, we must take immediate action to protect nature. First of all, we should strengthen environmental protection awareness. Through publicity and education, everyone should realize that protecting nature is our common responsibility. Secondly, the government should formulate and enforce stricter environmental laws and policies to punish destructive behaviors. In addition, we can start from small things in daily life: saving every drop of water, turning off the lights when leaving the room, reducing the use of disposable products, and participating in tree-planting activities. These small actions can accumulate into great power to protect the environment. Protecting nature is not only for ourselves but also for our children and grandchildren. Only when we respect nature, protect nature, and live in harmony with nature can we create a greener, healthier, and more sustainable world. Let's take action now and make our contributions to protecting the beautiful home we share. Unit 2 Animals 核心通用词汇 1. 动物相关名词 • wildlife（野生动物）、species（物种）、creature（生物）、habitat（栖息地）、breed（品种）、prey（猎物）、predator（捕食者）、extinction（灭绝）、reserve（自然保护区）、migration（迁徙）、fur（皮毛）、claw（爪子）、feather（羽毛）、tail（尾巴）、bone（骨骼） 2. 动作类词汇 • protect（保护）、preserve（维护）、conserve（节约；保护）、rescue（拯救）、hunt（狩猎）、breed（繁殖）、migrate（迁徙）、survive（生存）、adapt（适应）、evolve（进化）、threaten（威胁）、destroy（摧毁）、endanger（使濒危）、feed（喂养；进食）、advocate（倡导） 3. 形容词/副词 • endangered（濒危的）、rare（稀有的）、wild（野生的）、ferocious（凶猛的）、gentle（温顺的）、valuable（宝贵的）、vital（至关重要的）、urgent（紧急的）、gradually（逐渐地）、effectively（有效地）、severely（严重地）、jointly（共同地） 高频通用句式 1. 引出主题句 • As an important part of the ecosystem, animals play a vital role in maintaining ecological balance. • With the continuous destruction of the environment, more and more wild animals are facing the danger of extinction. • It is universally acknowledged that protecting wild animals is not only the responsibility of individuals but also the obligation of the whole society. • The survival of wild animals is closely related to human beings' living environment, so we must attach great importance to their protection. 2. 描述现状/问题句 • Due to excessive hunting and habitat destruction, many rare species are on the verge of extinction. • The number of some wild animals has decreased sharply in recent years, which has aroused widespread concern of the public. • Illegal hunting and trading of wild animals have caused serious damage to biodiversity. • The loss of habitats due to deforestation and urbanization has made it difficult for many animals to survive. 3. 提出措施/建议句 • We should strengthen the publicity of animal protection to improve people's awareness of caring for wild animals. • The government should formulate and enforce stricter laws to ban illegal hunting and trading of wild animals. • We can support animal protection organizations by donating money or volunteering to participate in rescue work. • It is necessary to establish more wildlife reserves to provide a safe living environment for wild animals. • We should reduce environmental pollution and avoid destroying the natural habitats of wild animals. 4. 表达意义/展望句 • Protecting wild animals is to protect human beings themselves, for we share the same planet. • Only by protecting every species can we maintain the diversity of nature and ensure the sustainable development of the ecosystem. • If we can take effective measures to protect wild animals, we will surely see a world where humans and animals live in harmony. • Every effort we make for wild animal protection will contribute to a better ecological environment for future generations. 范文（背诵版） Protect Wild Animals, Guard Our Common Home Wild animals are an indispensable part of the natural world and important partners of human beings. They not only add vitality to nature but also play an irreplaceable role in maintaining the balance of the ecosystem. However, the survival of wild animals is facing unprecedented challenges nowadays. In recent years, due to the rapid development of industry and agriculture, a large number of forests have been cut down, and grasslands have been reclaimed, leading to the loss of a large number of animal habitats. At the same time, illegal hunting and trading are still prevalent, which makes many rare species such as pandas, tigers, and elephants face the danger of extinction. In addition, environmental pollution has also caused serious harm to the health of wild animals, making their survival environment worse and worse. Faced with these severe situations, we must take immediate action to protect wild animals. First of all, the government should strengthen the supervision and law enforcement, severely crack down on illegal hunting and trading behaviors, and improve relevant laws and regulations to provide legal protection for wild animals. Secondly, we should carry out extensive publicity and education to let more people realize the importance of animal protection and cultivate the awareness of caring for wild animals. Moreover, we can take practical actions in daily life, such as refusing to buy products made of wild animal fur, reducing the use of disposable products to reduce environmental pollution, and supporting the construction of wildlife reserves. Protecting wild animals is not a matter of one person or one day, but a long-term task that requires the joint efforts of the whole society. Only when we take action together to respect and protect every wild animal can we maintain the diversity of nature and build a harmonious home where humans and animals coexist peacefully. Let's start from ourselves and make contributions to the protection of wild animals! 题型 012 单词拼写(夯实双基，厚积薄发) Unit 1 Nature 1. Many rare _______ (物种) are facing the danger of extinction due to environmental pollution.（） 2. The old tree in the yard began to _______ (枯萎) because of the lack of water.（） 3. We need to find a practical _______ (解决办法) to reduce air pollution in the city.（） 4. It's our duty to protect every living _______ (生物) on the earth.（） 5. The scientist spent years studying the _______ (理论) of ecological balance.（） 6. Her efforts in protecting wildlife finally got a good _______ (奖励) from the government.（） 7. The _______ (精致的) ecosystem of the wetland is easily destroyed by human activities.（） 8. We should take measures to _______ (恢复) the damaged forest to its original state.（） 9. The _______ (复杂的) relationship between different species maintains the stability of nature.（） 10. Online shopping has gradually _______ (取代) traditional shopping in some aspects.（） 答案： Species wither solution creature theory reward delicate restore elaborate replaced Unit 2 Animals 1. Many wild animals are in danger of _______ (灭绝) because of human activities.（） 2. It's important for animals to _______ (适应) the changing environment to survive.（） 3. The government has set up a nature _______ (保护区) to protect rare species.（） 4. Illegal _______ (狩猎) is one of the main reasons for the decrease of wild animals.（） 5. The _______ (多样性) of species is crucial for maintaining ecological balance.（） 6. We should take measures to prevent the _______ (破坏) of animals' habitats.（） 7. The scientist spent years _______ (观察) the behavior of gorillas in the wild.（） 8. This kind of bird _______ (迁徙) to the south every winter to avoid cold.（） 9. Pollution and climate change _______ (威胁) the survival of many marine creatures.（） 10. The _______ (幸存) of the endangered animals depends on effective protection measures.（） 答案： Extinction adapt reserve hunting variety destruction observing migrates threaten survival 题型 022 单句语法填空(一词多变，活学活用) Unit 1 Nature 1. _______ (Cover) an area about three times the size of Yellowstone National Park, the GPNP will be one of China's first national parks.（2022浙江高考1月） 2. A significant number of areas that _______ (be) previously unprotected will be included in the protection scope.（2022浙江高考1月） 3. The GPNP _______ (design) to protect the authenticity and integrity of the natural ecosystem.（2022浙江高考1月） 4. Kim Cobb is one of the academics _______ are cutting down their air travel due to climate change.（2022浙江高考1月） 5. Traveling to attend conferences _______ (view) as an important part of a scientist's work.（2022浙江高考1月） 6. Roughly 200 academics have joined the "Flight Free Scientists" website since it _______ (found) two years ago.（2022浙江高考1月） 7. Cobb began asking organizers if she could attend their events remotely when _______ (invite).（2022浙江高考1月） 8. She declined the _______ (invite) when the organizers refused her remote attendance request.（2022浙江高考1月） 9. The panda serves _______ an umbrella species, bringing protection to many other animals.（2022浙江高考1月） 10. The plan aims to protect all species _______ live in the Giant Panda Range.（2022浙江高考1月） 答案：Covering were is designed who/that is viewed/has been viewed was founded invited invitation as that Unit 2 Animals 1. The number of pandas _______ (increase) steadily due to decades of conservation efforts.（2023全国甲卷） 2. Wildlife researchers are devoted to _______ (study) the migration rules of birds.（2022全国乙卷） 3. It is reported that more than 300 kinds of wild animals _______ (protect) in this nature reserve now.（2021全国甲卷） 4. The reason why some species died out is that their habitats _______ (destroy) completely.（2020全国Ⅰ卷） 5. We should advocate _______ (live) in harmony with all living creatures on the earth.（2023浙江高考6月） 6. This is the first time that we _______ (participate) in the wild animal rescue activity.（2022浙江高考1月） 7. The tiger, _______ (know) as the king of the forest, is facing the danger of extinction.（2021浙江高考6月） 8. Only by taking joint efforts _______ we protect the endangered animals effectively.（2020浙江高考1月） 9. The wildlife reserve provides a safe environment for animals _______ (breed) and survive.（2023天津高考） 10. Many people don't realize that wild animals play an important role in _______ (keep) the ecosystem balanced.（2022天津高考） 答案：has increased studying are being protected were destroyed living have participated known can to breed keeping 题型 032 完成句子(精彩句型，活学即用) Unit 1 Nature 1. We should _______ (增强环保意识) to make everyone realize the importance of protecting nature. 答案：strengthen environmental protection awareness；解析：“增强”用动词strengthen，“环保意识”为固定搭配environmental protection awareness，情态动词should后接动词原形。 2. _______ (只有通过与自然和谐共处) can we achieve sustainable development of human society. 答案：Only by living in harmony with nature；解析：“只有……才……”用only+状语置于句首的倒装结构，“与自然和谐共处”为固定短语live in harmony with nature，by后接动名词形式。 3. The excessive use of natural resources _______ (已经对生态平衡造成了严重破坏). 答案：has caused serious damage to the ecological balance；解析：根据语境可知用现在完成时，“对……造成破坏”为固定搭配cause damage to，“生态平衡”为ecological balance。 4. Many wildlife habitats _______ (正在消失) because of deforestation and pollution. 答案：are disappearing；解析：“正在消失”用现在进行时，主语many wildlife habitats为复数，be动词用are，“消失”为disappear，其现在分词形式为disappearing。 5. It is urgent that we _______ (采取有效措施) to prevent endangered species from extinction. 答案：take effective measures；解析：此处为it is urgent that...的虚拟语气结构，that从句中谓语用“should+动词原形”，should可省略，“采取措施”为固定搭配take measures，“有效”为effective。 6. The government has formulated laws _______ (限制破坏性的人类活动). 答案：to restrict destructive human activities；解析：此处用动词不定式作目的状语，“限制”为restrict，“破坏性的”为destructive，“人类活动”为human activities。 7. _______ (为了给后代留下宝贵的自然资产), we must attach great importance to environmental protection. 答案：To leave valuable natural assets for future generations；解析：“为了……”用动词不定式作目的状语，“留下”为leave，“宝贵的自然资产”为valuable natural assets，“后代”为future generations。 8. Participating in tree-planting activities _______ (有助于改善生态环境). 答案：contributes to improving the ecological environment；解析：主语为动名词短语，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式，“有助于”为固定搭配contribute to，to为介词，后接动名词形式，“改善生态环境”为improve the ecological environment。 9. We should reduce the use of plastic products _______ (因为它们很难被自然降解). 答案：because they are difficult to be degraded by nature；解析：此处用because引导原因状语从句，“很难被降解”用被动语态be difficult to be degraded，“自然”为nature。 10. People have come to realize that _______ (保护生物多样性对生态平衡至关重要). 答案：protecting biodiversity is vital to the balance of the ecosystem；解析：that引导宾语从句，从句主语用动名词短语protecting biodiversity，“对……至关重要”为固定搭配be vital to，“生态平衡”为the balance of the ecosystem。 Unit 2 Animals 1. We should _______ (拒绝购买野生动物制品) to stop illegal hunting. 答案：refuse to buy products made of wild animals；解析：“拒绝做某事”用refuse to do sth.，“野生动物制品”为products made of wild animals，过去分词短语作后置定语修饰products。 2. _______ (随着越来越多的自然保护区建立), the living conditions of wild animals have improved. 答案：With more and more nature reserves established；解析：用with复合结构，“自然保护区”为nature reserve，“建立”与reserves为被动关系，故用过去分词established作宾语补足语。 3. It is everyone's duty _______ (为保护野生动物贡献自己的力量). 答案：to contribute one's own strength to protecting wild animals；解析：it为形式主语，真正主语用动词不定式，“贡献力量于……”为contribute...to...，to为介词，后接动名词形式。 4. Some animals have to change their living habits _______ (以便适应环境变化). 答案：in order to adapt to environmental changes；解析：“以便”用in order to引导目的状语，“适应”为adapt to，“环境变化”为environmental changes。 5. The government has made laws _______ (禁止非法捕杀野生动物). 答案：to ban the illegal hunting of wild animals；解析：动词不定式作目的状语，“禁止”为ban，“非法捕杀”为illegal hunting，of短语作后置定语修饰hunting。 6. _______ (据信) that the number of red-crowned cranes has increased by 20% in recent years. 答案：It is believed；解析：考查固定句型It is believed that...，表示“据信……”，it为形式主语，that从句为真正主语。 7. We must be aware that _______ (野生动物的灭绝会对生态系统造成严重影响). 答案：the extinction of wild animals will have a serious impact on the ecosystem；解析：“灭绝”为extinction，“对……造成影响”为have an impact on，从句用一般将来时表示未来的影响。 8. Volunteer activities _______ (在野生动物保护中发挥着重要作用) every year. 答案：play an important role in wild animal protection；解析：“发挥重要作用”为固定搭配play an important role in，后接名词短语wild animal protection作宾语。 9. Many endangered animals _______ (正处于灭绝的边缘) because of habitat loss. 答案：are on the verge of extinction；解析：“处于……的边缘”为固定短语on the verge of，“灭绝”为extinction，根据语境用现在进行时表示当前状态。 10. _______ (只有当我们停止破坏自然) can we ensure the survival of wild animals. 答案：Only when we stop destroying nature；解析：only+时间状语从句置于句首，主句用部分倒装，“破坏自然”为destroy nature，stop后接动名词作宾语。 Unit 1 Nature 1. nature vs. natural vs. nationality • nature：名词，意为“自然；天性”，侧重客观存在的自然环境或人的本质属性，例：We should respect nature and live in harmony with it. • natural：形容词，意为“自然的；天生的”，修饰名词，体现“非人为的、与生俱来的”，例：She has a natural talent for music. • nationality：名词，意为“国籍；民族”，与“国家、民族归属”相关，例：What is your nationality? 2. protect vs. preserve vs. conserve • protect：动词，意为“保护”，侧重抵御外界伤害、危险，常用搭配protect...from/against...，例：We need to protect wildlife from being hunted. • preserve：动词，意为“维护；留存”，侧重保持事物原有状态、防止变质或破坏，例：Efforts are made to preserve the ancient forest. • conserve：动词，意为“节约；保护”，侧重合理利用资源、避免浪费，尤其用于自然资源保护，例：We should conserve water and electricity in daily life. 3. damage vs. destroy vs. ruin • damage：动词/名词，意为“损坏；损害”，程度较轻，多指事物部分受损、可修复，例：The storm damaged many houses in the village. • destroy：动词，意为“摧毁；毁灭”，程度极重，指事物彻底被毁、无法复原，例：The fire destroyed the entire forest. • ruin：动词/名词，意为“毁坏；废墟”，可指事物因长期破坏而报废，也可指抽象的“毁掉（名誉、生活等）”，例：His bad habits ruined his health. 4. species vs. kind vs. type • species：名词，意为“物种”，侧重生物分类的特定类别，单复数同形，例：Many rare species are on the verge of extinction. • kind：名词，意为“种类”，泛指同类事物，侧重“性质相近的群体”，常用搭配a kind of，例：This kind of plant grows well in wet areas. • type：名词，意为“类型；型号”，侧重“根据特征、用途划分的类别”，例：What type of environment do pandas need to survive? 5. habitat vs. residence vs. house • habitat：名词，意为“栖息地”，特指动植物生存的自然环境，例：Deforestation has led to the loss of many animals' habitat. • residence：名词，意为“住所；住宅”，正式用语，侧重“长期居住的场所”，例：His official residence is located in the city center. • house：名词，意为“房子；住宅”，普通用语，侧重具体的房屋建筑，例：They bought a small house near the park. 6. pollute vs. contaminate • pollute：动词，意为“污染”，泛指空气、水、土壤等自然环境被有害物质污染，使用范围广，例：Factories should not pollute the river with waste water. • contaminate：动词，意为“污染；沾染”，侧重因接触有害物质而被污染，语气更正式，可用于抽象事物，例：The food was contaminated by bacteria. 7. survive vs. survive on vs. live on • survive：动词，意为“生存；幸存”，侧重在危险、困难中存活下来，例：Only a few people survived the earthquake. • survive on：短语动词，意为“靠……维持生存”，后接生存所需的资源，例：Some animals survive on grass and leaves. • live on：短语动词，意为“继续活着；以……为食”，可指人“长寿”，也可指动物“以某物为食”，例：She lives on a small pension after retirement. 8. adapt vs. adopt • adapt：动词，意为“适应；改编”，常用搭配adapt to...（适应……）、adapt...for...（为……改编），例：Animals need to adapt to the changing environment. • adopt：动词，意为“收养；采纳”，侧重“接受、采用他人的意见、方法或收养孩子”，例：The government adopted new policies to protect the environment. 9. resource vs. source • resource：名词，意为“资源”，侧重可供利用的自然、人力、物力等资源，常用复数形式，例：We should make full use of natural resources. • source：名词，意为“来源；源头”，侧重事物的起源、出处，例：The source of the river is hidden in the mountains. 10. urgent vs. emergent • urgent：形容词，意为“紧急的；迫切的”，侧重“需要立即处理的、不容拖延的”，常用搭配urgent matter/need，例：It's an urgent task to protect endangered species. • emergent：形容词，意为“突发的；紧急的”，侧重“突然发生的、意外出现的”，多修饰抽象事物，例：We need to make plans for emergent situations. Unit 2 Animals 1. adapt vs. adopt • adapt：动词，意为“适应；改编”，核心侧重“调整自身以匹配新环境或需求”，常用搭配adapt to（适应……）、adapt...for...（为……改编），例：Penguins have adapted to the cold Antarctic environment. • adopt：动词，意为“收养；采纳”，核心侧重“接受、采用他人的意见、方法，或法律上收养孩子”，常用搭配adopt a child（收养孩子）、adopt a policy（采纳政策），例：The school adopted new measures to educate students about animal protection. 2. survive vs. live vs. exist • survive：动词，意为“生存；幸存”，侧重在危险、困难（如灾难、极端环境）中艰难存活，隐含“原本可能无法存活”的意味，例：Few animals survived the severe drought. • live：动词，意为“居住；生活”，泛指正常的生存、生活状态，使用范围最广，例：Many pandas live in the Wolong Nature Reserve. • exist：动词，意为“存在”，侧重客观上“有这样的事物”，不强调生存的状态或质量，例：This rare species has existed on earth for millions of years. 3. danger vs. dangerous vs. endangered • danger：名词，意为“危险”，指抽象的危险或具体的危险事物，常用搭配in danger（处于危险中）、pose a danger to（对……构成危险），例：The little girl is in great danger of being attacked by wild animals. • dangerous：形容词，意为“危险的”，修饰人或事物具有“会带来危险”的属性，例：It's dangerous to get close to ferocious animals like lions. • endangered：形容词，意为“濒危的”，特指物种因生存环境破坏等面临灭绝的危险，常用搭配endangered species（濒危物种），例：We need to take action to protect endangered animals such as rhinos. 4. protect vs. defend vs. guard • protect：动词，意为“保护”，泛指采取措施抵御伤害、危险，适用范围广，常用搭配protect...from/against...（保护……免受……），例：We should protect wild animals from illegal hunting. • defend：动词，意为“保卫；辩护”，侧重“抵御主动的攻击、侵犯”，也可指为某人/某事辩解，例：The soldiers defended the wildlife reserve against poachers. • guard：动词，意为“守卫；看守”，侧重“持续警惕、防范，防止危险发生或财物被偷”，例：Rangers guard the nature reserve day and night to protect animals. 5. breed vs. raise vs. feed • breed：动词，意为“繁殖；培育”，侧重生物的自然繁殖或人工培育品种，例：This kind of bird breeds only in warm areas. • raise：动词，意为“饲养；养育”，侧重人工照料、喂养动物（或抚养孩子），强调“长期照料的过程”，例：Some farmers raise sheep and cattle in the grassland. • feed：动词，意为“喂养；进食”，侧重“提供食物让其吃饱”，动作性更强，常用搭配feed on（以……为食）、feed sb./sth.（喂养某人/某物），例：Monkeys feed on fruits and nuts in the forest. 6. threat vs. threaten vs. threatening • threat：名词，意为“威胁”，指抽象的威胁或具体的威胁者、威胁物，常用搭配pose a threat to（对……构成威胁），例：Habitat destruction is a major threat to wild animals. • threaten：动词，意为“威胁；预示……的危险”，侧重主动对他人/事物造成威胁，或预示不好的事情要发生，例：Pollution threatens the survival of marine creatures. • threatening：形容词，意为“具有威胁性的”，修饰人或事物“让人感到危险、有威胁”，例：The dark clouds and strong wind are threatening signs of a storm. 7. variety vs. various vs. vary • variety：名词，意为“种类；多样性”，常用搭配a variety of（各种各样的）、the variety of（……的多样性），例：There is a wide variety of animals in the rainforest. • various：形容词，意为“各种各样的”，相当于different，修饰名词复数，例：Various factors have led to the decrease of wild animal populations. • vary：动词，意为“变化；改变”，侧重“在形式、数量、程度上有差异”，常用搭配vary from...to...（从……到……变化），例：The living habits of animals vary from species to species. 8. extinct vs. extinction • extinct：形容词，意为“灭绝的；绝种的”，用于修饰物种“已经不存在于地球上”，例：Dinosaurs have been extinct for millions of years. • extinction：名词，意为“灭绝；绝种”，指物种消失的过程或状态，常用搭配die out extinction（灭绝）、prevent extinction（防止灭绝），例：Human activities have accelerated the extinction of some rare species. 9. habitat vs. home vs. shelter • habitat：名词，意为“栖息地”，特指动植物生存、繁衍的自然环境，是生物学常用术语，例：Deforestation has destroyed the habitat of many birds. • home：名词，意为“家；住所”，泛指人和动物居住的地方，侧重“情感上的归属地”，例：The zoo is not a real home for wild animals. • shelter：名词，意为“庇护所；遮蔽处”，侧重“躲避危险、风雨的临时场所”，例：The rescue team built shelters for the animals affected by the flood. 10. hunt vs. chase vs. pursue • hunt：动词，意为“狩猎；搜寻”，侧重“为获取食物、皮毛等而捕猎动物”，也可指搜寻人或物，例：Poachers hunt elephants for their ivory illegally. • chase：动词，意为“追逐；追赶”，侧重“快速追赶某人/某物，试图抓住或赶走”，例：The dog chased the rabbit into the woods. • pursue：动词，意为“追捕；追求”，语气更正式，侧重“持续、坚定地追赶（如罪犯、猎物）或追求目标”，例：The police pursued the poachers who had hunted wild deer. 学科网（北京）股份有限公3 / 7 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 知识清单02必修第二册单元词汇短语句型梳理 清单 01 词类转换(变出精彩，举一反三) Unit 1 Nature 1. _____________（n. 自然；天性）→ _____________（adj. 自然的；天生的） 2. _____________（v. 保护）→ _____________（n. 保护） 3. _____________（v. 存在；生存）→ _____________（n. 存在；实有） 4. _____________（v. 变化；多样）→ _____________（adj. 各种各样的） 5. _____________（v. 污染）→ _____________（n. 污染） 6. _____________（v. 幸存；存活）→ _____________（n. 幸存；生存） 7. _____________（v./n. 伤害；损害）→ _____________（adj. 有害的） 8. _____________（v. 探索；考察）→ _____________（n. 探索；探险） 9. _____________（v. 适应；改编）→ _____________（n. 适应；改编本） 10. _____________（v./n. 平衡；使平衡）→ _____________（adj. 平衡的） Unit 2 Animals 1. _____________（v. 适应；改编）→ _____________（n. 适应；改编本）→ _____________（adj. 适应性的） 2. _____________（v. 生存；幸存）→ _____________（n. 生存；幸存）→ _____________（n. 幸存者） 3. _____________（n. 危险）→ _____________（adj. 危险的）→ _____________（adj. 濒危的） 4. _____________（v. 变化；改变）→ _____________（n. 种类；多样性）→ _____________（adj. 各种各样的） 5. _____________（v. 保护）→ _____________（n. 保护）→ _____________（adj. 保护的） 6. _____________（v./n. 伤害；损害）→ _____________（adj. 有害的）→ _____________（adj. 无害的） 7. _____________（adj. 强壮的）→ _____________（n. 力量；优势）→ _____________（v. 加强；巩固） 8. _____________（v. 存在）→ _____________（n. 存在）→ _____________（adj. 现存的） 9. _____________（v. 观察；遵守）→ _____________（n. 观察；观测）→ _____________（n. 观察者） 10. _____________（adj. 稀有的；罕见的）→ _____________（n. 稀有；珍品）→ _____________（adv. 很少；难得） 清单 02 识词知意(厚积薄发，熟能生巧) Unit 1 Nature 1. _____________（v. 保护；防卫）：__________________________（保护……免受……伤害）、__________________________（保护环境） 2. _____________（v. 存在；生存）：__________________________（存在于……中）、__________________________（靠……生存） 3. _____________（v. 幸存；存活；挺过）：__________________________（从灾难中幸存）、__________________________（靠少量食物存活） 4. _____________（v./n. 伤害；损害）：__________________________（对……造成伤害）、__________________________（对……有害） 5. _____________（v. 保护；保存；维持）：__________________________（保护自然）、__________________________（维护生态系统） 6. _____________（v. 适应；改编）：__________________________（适应……）、__________________________（使自己适应……） 7. _____________（v./n. 平衡；使平衡）：__________________________（保持平衡）、__________________________（平衡工作与休息） 8. _____________（v. 探索；考察；探究）：__________________________（探索荒野）、__________________________（探究原因） 9. _____________（v. 破坏；摧毁）：__________________________（破坏栖息地）、__________________________（被人类活动摧毁） 10. _____________（v. 恢复；康复；找回）：__________________________（从破坏中恢复）、__________________________（找回濒危物种） Unit 2 Animals 1. _____________（n. 栖息地）：搭配——__________________________（破坏栖息地）、__________________________（保护动物栖息地） 2. _____________（v. 繁殖；养育；n. 品种）：搭配——__________________________（快速繁殖）、__________________________（稀有犬种） 3. _____________（v. 狩猎；搜寻）：搭配——__________________________（捕猎猎物）、__________________________（禁止狩猎） 4. _____________（n. 威胁）：搭配——__________________________（对……构成威胁）、__________________________（面临严重威胁） 5. _____________（n. 自然保护区；储备；v. 保留；储备）：搭配——__________________________（野生动物保护区）、__________________________（储备资源） 6. _____________（v. 进化；演变）：搭配——__________________________（由……进化而来）、__________________________（随着时间演变） 7. _____________（n. 灭绝）：搭配——__________________________（灭绝）、__________________________（防止物种灭绝） 8. _____________（v. 迁徙；迁移）：搭配——__________________________（向南方迁徙）、__________________________（年度迁徙） 9. _____________（v. 喂养；进食；n. 饲料）：搭配——__________________________（以……为食）、__________________________（喂养动物） 10. _____________（v. 倡导；主张；n. 倡导者）：搭配——__________________________（倡导动物保护）、__________________________（野生动物保护倡导者） 清单 03 高频短语(积少成多，活学活用) Unit 1 Nature 1. __________________________（灭绝；逐渐消失） 2. __________________________（处于……的危险中） 3.__________________________（采取措施做某事） 4. __________________________（砍伐；削减） 5. __________________________（与……和谐相处） 6. __________________________（究竟；到底；在地球上） 7. __________________________（促成；有助于；为……做贡献） 8. __________________________（处于危险中） 9.__________________________（依靠；依赖） 10. __________________________（形成；产生） Unit 2 Animals 1. __________________________：灭绝；逐渐消失 2. __________________________：处于……的危险中 3.__________________________：采取措施做某事 4. __________________________：适应 5.__________________________：与……和谐相处 6. __________________________：处于……的边缘 7. __________________________：照顾；关心；喜欢 8. __________________________：意识到；知道 9. __________________________：在……中发挥作用 10. __________________________：有助于；促成 清单 04 高频句型(精彩句型，句句精彩) Unit 1 Nature 1. It is + 形容词 + that...（……是……的），it为形式主语，that引导真正主语从句 例句：__________________________we take immediate measures to protect the endangered animals.（我们急需采取紧急措施保护濒危动物。） 2. The more..., the more...（越……，越……），前后均为比较级结构 例句：____________________________________________________ our living environment will be.（我们越保护自然，生活环境就会越和谐。） 3. There is no doubt that...（毫无疑问……），that引导宾语从句 例句：__________________________ human activities have a great impact on the natural ecosystem.（毫无疑问，人类活动对自然生态系统有着巨大影响。） 4. Not only...but also...（不仅……而且……），连接并列成分，遵循“就近原则” 例句：____________________________________________________ it causes soil erosion.（砍伐森林不仅会破坏动物的栖息地，还会导致水土流失。） 5. It is high time that...（到了该……的时候了），从句常用虚拟语气（谓语用should do或过去式） 例句：__________________________ we paid attention to environmental pollution and took action to solve it.（到了我们关注环境污染并采取行动解决它的时候了。） Unit 2 Animals 1. It is estimated that...（据估计……） __________________________more than 100 species die out every day due to human activities. 2. The reason why...is that...（……的原因是……） ____________________________________________________ their habitats are being destroyed. 3. Not only...but also...（不仅……而且……） ____________________________________________________ bring joy to human life. 4. With + 宾语 + 宾语补足语（with复合结构） ____________________________________________________ people are more confident about their survival. 5. It is high time that...（该是……的时候了，从句用虚拟语气） __________________________ we took immediate action to protect endangered animals. 清单 05 单元写作(通用表达，范文背诵) Unit 1 Nature 核心通用词汇 1. 自然相关名词 • ___________（自然）、___________（生态系统）、___________（生物多样性）、___________（野生动物）、___________（物种）、___________（栖息地）、___________（环境）、___________（资源）、___________（森林）、___________（河流）、___________（山脉）、___________（沙漠）、___________（气候）、___________（污染）、___________（保护）、___________（可持续性） 2. 动作类词汇 • ___________（保护）、___________（维护，留存）、___________（节约，保护）、___________（守护）、___________（预防）、___________（减少）、___________（缓解）、___________（恢复）、___________（破坏）、___________（摧毁）、___________（污染）、___________（威胁）、___________（存在）、___________（生存）、___________（适应）、___________（贡献）、___________（参与） 3. 形容词/副词 • ___________（自然的）、___________（生态的）、___________（环境的）、___________（珍稀的）、___________（濒危的）、___________（宝贵的）、___________（至关重要的）、___________（紧急的）、___________（严重的）、___________（逐渐地）、___________（有效地）、___________（积极地）、___________（共同地） 高频通用句式 1. 引出主题句 • As we all know, nature is the foundation of human survival and development, so protecting it is our unshakable responsibility. • With the rapid development of society, the ecological environment is facing increasingly severe challenges, which has aroused widespread concern. • Nature provides us with abundant resources and a comfortable living environment, so we should cherish and respect it. • The importance of protecting biodiversity cannot be overemphasized, for it is closely related to the balance of the ecosystem. 2. 描述问题/现象句 • In recent years, a large number of forests have been cut down, leading to the loss of wildlife habitats. • Many species are on the verge of extinction due to environmental pollution and overdevelopment. • The excessive use of natural resources has caused serious damage to the ecological balance. • Air and water pollution not only affects the survival of animals and plants but also poses a great threat to human health. 3. 提出措施/建议句 • We should strengthen environmental protection awareness and let everyone realize the importance of protecting nature. • The government should formulate and implement stricter environmental protection laws and regulations to restrict destructive behaviors. • We can take small actions in daily life, such as saving water and electricity, reducing the use of plastic products, and planting more trees. • It is necessary to carry out environmental education in schools to cultivate students' sense of responsibility for protecting nature. • We should advocate sustainable development and balance economic growth with environmental protection. 4. 表达意义/展望句 • Protecting nature is not only for the present but also for the future of our descendants. • Only by living in harmony with nature can we achieve long-term and stable development of human society. • If we can take effective measures to protect the environment, we will surely see a greener and more beautiful world. • Every effort we make for nature will contribute to the improvement of the ecological environment and the prosperity of biodiversity. 范文（背诵版） Live in Harmony with Nature Nature is the mother of all life on earth, providing us with fresh air, clean water, and abundant resources. It is the foundation of human survival and development, and maintaining a harmonious relationship with nature is crucial for our future. However, with the acceleration of industrialization and urbanization, human activities have caused serious damage to nature. A large number of forests are being cut down, resulting in soil erosion and the loss of wildlife habitats. Many rare species are facing the danger of extinction due to environmental pollution and overhunting. At the same time, the excessive emission of waste gas and waste water has led to air and water pollution, which not only affects the ecological balance but also endangers human health. Faced with these severe environmental problems, we must take immediate action to protect nature. First of all, we should strengthen environmental protection awareness. Through publicity and education, everyone should realize that protecting nature is our common responsibility. Secondly, the government should formulate and enforce stricter environmental laws and policies to punish destructive behaviors. In addition, we can start from small things in daily life: saving every drop of water, turning off the lights when leaving the room, reducing the use of disposable products, and participating in tree-planting activities. These small actions can accumulate into great power to protect the environment. Protecting nature is not only for ourselves but also for our children and grandchildren. Only when we respect nature, protect nature, and live in harmony with nature can we create a greener, healthier, and more sustainable world. Let's take action now and make our contributions to protecting the beautiful home we share. Unit 2 Animals 核心通用词汇 1. 动物相关名词 • _____________（野生动物）、_____________（物种）、_____________（生物）、_____________（栖息地）、_____________（品种）、_____________（猎物）、_____________（捕食者）、_____________（灭绝）、_____________（自然保护区）、_____________（迁徙）、_____________（皮毛）、_____________（爪子）、_____________（羽毛）、_____________（尾巴）、_____________（骨骼） 2. 动作类词汇 • _____________（保护）、_____________（维护）、_____________（节约；保护）、_____________（拯救）、_____________（狩猎）、_____________（繁殖）、_____________（迁徙）、_____________（生存）、_____________（适应）、_____________（进化）、_____________（威胁）、_____________（摧毁）、_____________（使濒危）、_____________（喂养；进食）、_____________（倡导） 3. 形容词/副词 • _____________（濒危的）、_____________（稀有的）、_____________（野生的）、_____________（凶猛的）、_____________（温顺的）、_____________（宝贵的）、_____________（至关重要的）、_____________（紧急的）、_____________（逐渐地）、_____________（有效地）、_____________（严重地）、_____________（共同地） 高频通用句式 1. 引出主题句 • As an important part of the ecosystem, animals play a vital role in maintaining ecological balance. • With the continuous destruction of the environment, more and more wild animals are facing the danger of extinction. • It is universally acknowledged that protecting wild animals is not only the responsibility of individuals but also the obligation of the whole society. • The survival of wild animals is closely related to human beings' living environment, so we must attach great importance to their protection. 2. 描述现状/问题句 • Due to excessive hunting and habitat destruction, many rare species are on the verge of extinction. • The number of some wild animals has decreased sharply in recent years, which has aroused widespread concern of the public. • Illegal hunting and trading of wild animals have caused serious damage to biodiversity. • The loss of habitats due to deforestation and urbanization has made it difficult for many animals to survive. 3. 提出措施/建议句 • We should strengthen the publicity of animal protection to improve people's awareness of caring for wild animals. • The government should formulate and enforce stricter laws to ban illegal hunting and trading of wild animals. • We can support animal protection organizations by donating money or volunteering to participate in rescue work. • It is necessary to establish more wildlife reserves to provide a safe living environment for wild animals. • We should reduce environmental pollution and avoid destroying the natural habitats of wild animals. 4. 表达意义/展望句 • Protecting wild animals is to protect human beings themselves, for we share the same planet. • Only by protecting every species can we maintain the diversity of nature and ensure the sustainable development of the ecosystem. • If we can take effective measures to protect wild animals, we will surely see a world where humans and animals live in harmony. • Every effort we make for wild animal protection will contribute to a better ecological environment for future generations. 范文（背诵版） Protect Wild Animals, Guard Our Common Home Wild animals are an indispensable part of the natural world and important partners of human beings. They not only add vitality to nature but also play an irreplaceable role in maintaining the balance of the ecosystem. However, the survival of wild animals is facing unprecedented challenges nowadays. In recent years, due to the rapid development of industry and agriculture, a large number of forests have been cut down, and grasslands have been reclaimed, leading to the loss of a large number of animal habitats. At the same time, illegal hunting and trading are still prevalent, which makes many rare species such as pandas, tigers, and elephants face the danger of extinction. In addition, environmental pollution has also caused serious harm to the health of wild animals, making their survival environment worse and worse. Faced with these severe situations, we must take immediate action to protect wild animals. First of all, the government should strengthen the supervision and law enforcement, severely crack down on illegal hunting and trading behaviors, and improve relevant laws and regulations to provide legal protection for wild animals. Secondly, we should carry out extensive publicity and education to let more people realize the importance of animal protection and cultivate the awareness of caring for wild animals. Moreover, we can take practical actions in daily life, such as refusing to buy products made of wild animal fur, reducing the use of disposable products to reduce environmental pollution, and supporting the construction of wildlife reserves. Protecting wild animals is not a matter of one person or one day, but a long-term task that requires the joint efforts of the whole society. Only when we take action together to respect and protect every wild animal can we maintain the diversity of nature and build a harmonious home where humans and animals coexist peacefully. Let's start from ourselves and make contributions to the protection of wild animals! 题型 012 单词拼写(夯实双基，厚积薄发) Unit 1 Nature 1. Many rare _______ (物种) are facing the danger of extinction due to environmental pollution.（） 2. The old tree in the yard began to _______ (枯萎) because of the lack of water.（） 3. We need to find a practical _______ (解决办法) to reduce air pollution in the city.（） 4. It's our duty to protect every living _______ (生物) on the earth.（） 5. The scientist spent years studying the _______ (理论) of ecological balance.（） 6. Her efforts in protecting wildlife finally got a good _______ (奖励) from the government.（） 7. The _______ (精致的) ecosystem of the wetland is easily destroyed by human activities.（） 8. We should take measures to _______ (恢复) the damaged forest to its original state.（） 9. The _______ (复杂的) relationship between different species maintains the stability of nature.（） 10. Online shopping has gradually _______ (取代) traditional shopping in some aspects.（） Unit 2 Animals 1. Many wild animals are in danger of _______ (灭绝) because of human activities.（） 2. It's important for animals to _______ (适应) the changing environment to survive.（） 3. The government has set up a nature _______ (保护区) to protect rare species.（） 4. Illegal _______ (狩猎) is one of the main reasons for the decrease of wild animals.（） 5. The _______ (多样性) of species is crucial for maintaining ecological balance.（） 6. We should take measures to prevent the _______ (破坏) of animals' habitats.（） 7. The scientist spent years _______ (观察) the behavior of gorillas in the wild.（） 8. This kind of bird _______ (迁徙) to the south every winter to avoid cold.（） 9. Pollution and climate change _______ (威胁) the survival of many marine creatures.（） 10. The _______ (幸存) of the endangered animals depends on effective protection measures.（） 题型 022 单句语法填空(一词多变，活学活用) Unit 1 Nature 1. _______ (Cover) an area about three times the size of Yellowstone National Park, the GPNP will be one of China's first national parks.（2022浙江高考1月） 2. A significant number of areas that _______ (be) previously unprotected will be included in the protection scope.（2022浙江高考1月） 3. The GPNP _______ (design) to protect the authenticity and integrity of the natural ecosystem.（2022浙江高考1月） 4. Kim Cobb is one of the academics _______ are cutting down their air travel due to climate change.（2022浙江高考1月） 5. Traveling to attend conferences _______ (view) as an important part of a scientist's work.（2022浙江高考1月） 6. Roughly 200 academics have joined the "Flight Free Scientists" website since it _______ (found) two years ago.（2022浙江高考1月） 7. Cobb began asking organizers if she could attend their events remotely when _______ (invite).（2022浙江高考1月） 8. She declined the _______ (invite) when the organizers refused her remote attendance request.（2022浙江高考1月） 9. The panda serves _______ an umbrella species, bringing protection to many other animals.（2022浙江高考1月） 10. The plan aims to protect all species _______ live in the Giant Panda Range.（2022浙江高考1月） Unit 2 Animals 1. The number of pandas _______ (increase) steadily due to decades of conservation efforts.（2023全国甲卷） 2. Wildlife researchers are devoted to _______ (study) the migration rules of birds.（2022全国乙卷） 3. It is reported that more than 300 kinds of wild animals _______ (protect) in this nature reserve now.（2021全国甲卷） 4. The reason why some species died out is that their habitats _______ (destroy) completely.（2020全国Ⅰ卷） 5. We should advocate _______ (live) in harmony with all living creatures on the earth.（2023浙江高考6月） 6. This is the first time that we _______ (participate) in the wild animal rescue activity.（2022浙江高考1月） 7. The tiger, _______ (know) as the king of the forest, is facing the danger of extinction.（2021浙江高考6月） 8. Only by taking joint efforts _______ we protect the endangered animals effectively.（2020浙江高考1月） 9. The wildlife reserve provides a safe environment for animals _______ (breed) and survive.（2023天津高考） 10. Many people don't realize that wild animals play an important role in _______ (keep) the ecosystem balanced.（2022天津高考） 题型 032 完成句子(精彩句型，活学即用) Unit 1 Nature 1. We should _______ (增强环保意识) to make everyone realize the importance of protecting nature. 2. _______ (只有通过与自然和谐共处) can we achieve sustainable development of human society. 3. The excessive use of natural resources _______ (已经对生态平衡造成了严重破坏). 4. Many wildlife habitats _______ (正在消失) because of deforestation and pollution. 5. It is urgent that we _______ (采取有效措施) to prevent endangered species from extinction. 6. The government has formulated laws _______ (限制破坏性的人类活动). 7. _______ (为了给后代留下宝贵的自然资产), we must attach great importance to environmental protection. 8. Participating in tree-planting activities _______ (有助于改善生态环境). 9. We should reduce the use of plastic products _______ (因为它们很难被自然降解). 10. People have come to realize that _______ (保护生物多样性对生态平衡至关重要). Unit 2 Animals 1. We should _______ (拒绝购买野生动物制品) to stop illegal hunting. 2. _______ (随着越来越多的自然保护区建立), the living conditions of wild animals have improved. 3. It is everyone's duty _______ (为保护野生动物贡献自己的力量). 4. Some animals have to change their living habits _______ (以便适应环境变化). 5. The government has made laws _______ (禁止非法捕杀野生动物). 6. _______ (据信) that the number of red-crowned cranes has increased by 20% in recent years. 7. We must be aware that _______ (野生动物的灭绝会对生态系统造成严重影响). 8. Volunteer activities _______ (在野生动物保护中发挥着重要作用) every year. 9. Many endangered animals _______ (正处于灭绝的边缘) because of habitat loss. 10. _______ (只有当我们停止破坏自然) can we ensure the survival of wild animals. Unit 1 Nature 1. nature vs. natural vs. nationality • nature：名词，意为“自然；天性”，侧重客观存在的自然环境或人的本质属性，例：We should respect nature and live in harmony with it. • natural：形容词，意为“自然的；天生的”，修饰名词，体现“非人为的、与生俱来的”，例：She has a natural talent for music. • nationality：名词，意为“国籍；民族”，与“国家、民族归属”相关，例：What is your nationality? 2. protect vs. preserve vs. conserve • protect：动词，意为“保护”，侧重抵御外界伤害、危险，常用搭配protect...from/against...，例：We need to protect wildlife from being hunted. • preserve：动词，意为“维护；留存”，侧重保持事物原有状态、防止变质或破坏，例：Efforts are made to preserve the ancient forest. • conserve：动词，意为“节约；保护”，侧重合理利用资源、避免浪费，尤其用于自然资源保护，例：We should conserve water and electricity in daily life. 3. damage vs. destroy vs. ruin • damage：动词/名词，意为“损坏；损害”，程度较轻，多指事物部分受损、可修复，例：The storm damaged many houses in the village. • destroy：动词，意为“摧毁；毁灭”，程度极重，指事物彻底被毁、无法复原，例：The fire destroyed the entire forest. • ruin：动词/名词，意为“毁坏；废墟”，可指事物因长期破坏而报废，也可指抽象的“毁掉（名誉、生活等）”，例：His bad habits ruined his health. 4. species vs. kind vs. type • species：名词，意为“物种”，侧重生物分类的特定类别，单复数同形，例：Many rare species are on the verge of extinction. • kind：名词，意为“种类”，泛指同类事物，侧重“性质相近的群体”，常用搭配a kind of，例：This kind of plant grows well in wet areas. • type：名词，意为“类型；型号”，侧重“根据特征、用途划分的类别”，例：What type of environment do pandas need to survive? 5. habitat vs. residence vs. house • habitat：名词，意为“栖息地”，特指动植物生存的自然环境，例：Deforestation has led to the loss of many animals' habitat. • residence：名词，意为“住所；住宅”，正式用语，侧重“长期居住的场所”，例：His official residence is located in the city center. • house：名词，意为“房子；住宅”，普通用语，侧重具体的房屋建筑，例：They bought a small house near the park. 6. pollute vs. contaminate • pollute：动词，意为“污染”，泛指空气、水、土壤等自然环境被有害物质污染，使用范围广，例：Factories should not pollute the river with waste water. • contaminate：动词，意为“污染；沾染”，侧重因接触有害物质而被污染，语气更正式，可用于抽象事物，例：The food was contaminated by bacteria. 7. survive vs. survive on vs. live on • survive：动词，意为“生存；幸存”，侧重在危险、困难中存活下来，例：Only a few people survived the earthquake. • survive on：短语动词，意为“靠……维持生存”，后接生存所需的资源，例：Some animals survive on grass and leaves. • live on：短语动词，意为“继续活着；以……为食”，可指人“长寿”，也可指动物“以某物为食”，例：She lives on a small pension after retirement. 8. adapt vs. adopt • adapt：动词，意为“适应；改编”，常用搭配adapt to...（适应……）、adapt...for...（为……改编），例：Animals need to adapt to the changing environment. • adopt：动词，意为“收养；采纳”，侧重“接受、采用他人的意见、方法或收养孩子”，例：The government adopted new policies to protect the environment. 9. resource vs. source • resource：名词，意为“资源”，侧重可供利用的自然、人力、物力等资源，常用复数形式，例：We should make full use of natural resources. • source：名词，意为“来源；源头”，侧重事物的起源、出处，例：The source of the river is hidden in the mountains. 10. urgent vs. emergent • urgent：形容词，意为“紧急的；迫切的”，侧重“需要立即处理的、不容拖延的”，常用搭配urgent matter/need，例：It's an urgent task to protect endangered species. • emergent：形容词，意为“突发的；紧急的”，侧重“突然发生的、意外出现的”，多修饰抽象事物，例：We need to make plans for emergent situations. Unit 2 Animals 1. adapt vs. adopt • adapt：动词，意为“适应；改编”，核心侧重“调整自身以匹配新环境或需求”，常用搭配adapt to（适应……）、adapt...for...（为……改编），例：Penguins have adapted to the cold Antarctic environment. • adopt：动词，意为“收养；采纳”，核心侧重“接受、采用他人的意见、方法，或法律上收养孩子”，常用搭配adopt a child（收养孩子）、adopt a policy（采纳政策），例：The school adopted new measures to educate students about animal protection. 2. survive vs. live vs. exist • survive：动词，意为“生存；幸存”，侧重在危险、困难（如灾难、极端环境）中艰难存活，隐含“原本可能无法存活”的意味，例：Few animals survived the severe drought. • live：动词，意为“居住；生活”，泛指正常的生存、生活状态，使用范围最广，例：Many pandas live in the Wolong Nature Reserve. • exist：动词，意为“存在”，侧重客观上“有这样的事物”，不强调生存的状态或质量，例：This rare species has existed on earth for millions of years. 3. danger vs. dangerous vs. endangered • danger：名词，意为“危险”，指抽象的危险或具体的危险事物，常用搭配in danger（处于危险中）、pose a danger to（对……构成危险），例：The little girl is in great danger of being attacked by wild animals. • dangerous：形容词，意为“危险的”，修饰人或事物具有“会带来危险”的属性，例：It's dangerous to get close to ferocious animals like lions. • endangered：形容词，意为“濒危的”，特指物种因生存环境破坏等面临灭绝的危险，常用搭配endangered species（濒危物种），例：We need to take action to protect endangered animals such as rhinos. 4. protect vs. defend vs. guard • protect：动词，意为“保护”，泛指采取措施抵御伤害、危险，适用范围广，常用搭配protect...from/against...（保护……免受……），例：We should protect wild animals from illegal hunting. • defend：动词，意为“保卫；辩护”，侧重“抵御主动的攻击、侵犯”，也可指为某人/某事辩解，例：The soldiers defended the wildlife reserve against poachers. • guard：动词，意为“守卫；看守”，侧重“持续警惕、防范，防止危险发生或财物被偷”，例：Rangers guard the nature reserve day and night to protect animals. 5. breed vs. raise vs. feed • breed：动词，意为“繁殖；培育”，侧重生物的自然繁殖或人工培育品种，例：This kind of bird breeds only in warm areas. • raise：动词，意为“饲养；养育”，侧重人工照料、喂养动物（或抚养孩子），强调“长期照料的过程”，例：Some farmers raise sheep and cattle in the grassland. • feed：动词，意为“喂养；进食”，侧重“提供食物让其吃饱”，动作性更强，常用搭配feed on（以……为食）、feed sb./sth.（喂养某人/某物），例：Monkeys feed on fruits and nuts in the forest. 6. threat vs. threaten vs. threatening • threat：名词，意为“威胁”，指抽象的威胁或具体的威胁者、威胁物，常用搭配pose a threat to（对……构成威胁），例：Habitat destruction is a major threat to wild animals. • threaten：动词，意为“威胁；预示……的危险”，侧重主动对他人/事物造成威胁，或预示不好的事情要发生，例：Pollution threatens the survival of marine creatures. • threatening：形容词，意为“具有威胁性的”，修饰人或事物“让人感到危险、有威胁”，例：The dark clouds and strong wind are threatening signs of a storm. 7. variety vs. various vs. vary • variety：名词，意为“种类；多样性”，常用搭配a variety of（各种各样的）、the variety of（……的多样性），例：There is a wide variety of animals in the rainforest. • various：形容词，意为“各种各样的”，相当于different，修饰名词复数，例：Various factors have led to the decrease of wild animal populations. • vary：动词，意为“变化；改变”，侧重“在形式、数量、程度上有差异”，常用搭配vary from...to...（从……到……变化），例：The living habits of animals vary from species to species. 8. extinct vs. extinction • extinct：形容词，意为“灭绝的；绝种的”，用于修饰物种“已经不存在于地球上”，例：Dinosaurs have been extinct for millions of years. • extinction：名词，意为“灭绝；绝种”，指物种消失的过程或状态，常用搭配die out extinction（灭绝）、prevent extinction（防止灭绝），例：Human activities have accelerated the extinction of some rare species. 9. habitat vs. home vs. shelter • habitat：名词，意为“栖息地”，特指动植物生存、繁衍的自然环境，是生物学常用术语，例：Deforestation has destroyed the habitat of many birds. • home：名词，意为“家；住所”，泛指人和动物居住的地方，侧重“情感上的归属地”，例：The zoo is not a real home for wild animals. • shelter：名词，意为“庇护所；遮蔽处”，侧重“躲避危险、风雨的临时场所”，例：The rescue team built shelters for the animals affected by the flood. 10. hunt vs. chase vs. pursue • hunt：动词，意为“狩猎；搜寻”，侧重“为获取食物、皮毛等而捕猎动物”，也可指搜寻人或物，例：Poachers hunt elephants for their ivory illegally. • chase：动词，意为“追逐；追赶”，侧重“快速追赶某人/某物，试图抓住或赶走”，例：The dog chased the rabbit into the woods. • pursue：动词，意为“追捕；追求”，语气更正式，侧重“持续、坚定地追赶（如罪犯、猎物）或追求目标”，例：The police pursued the poachers who had hunted wild deer. 学科网（北京）股份有限公3 / 7 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $