Unit 5 Languages around the World 词汇 导学案-2025-2026学年高中英语人教版必修第一册

必修一 Unit 5 词汇讲解 1. billion /ˈbɪljən /  n.十亿 ★ billions of 数以亿计的，数十亿，许多的 ★ 数词＋ billion 2. native /ˈneɪtɪv/  adj. 出生地的；本地的；土著的;  n .本地人 eg: He cannot speak to the natives, for he knows little English. ★ native language 母语 eg:My native language is Chinese. ★ be native to .... 原产于....的 eg: Pandas are native to China. 熊猫原产于中国。 (描述物） ★ be a native of .. ...的本土的人/物 eg:I am a native of Changchun. 我是土生土长的长春人。(描述人） ★ go native 入乡随俗 3. attitude /ˈætɪtju:d / n.态度；看法 ★ an attitude to / towards... 对于... 的态度/看法 eg: What's your attitude towards his idea? 4. reference /ˈrefrəns / n. 指称关系；参考；提到；涉及 eg: a reference book 参考书 eg: You'd better take some notes for future reference. 供未来参考 ★in/ with reference to 关于 eg: I am writing in reference to your job application. 我在写信回复关于您申请工作一事。 5. refer / rɪˈfɜ:(r) / vi.提到；参考；查阅 vt.查询;叫…求助于    (pt./pp. :___________ / _____________ , v-ing: ______________) 6. refer to 指的是；描述；提到；查阅; 涉及；与...相关 eg: What does NASA refer to? eg: The author refers to his childhood several times in his novel. eg: If you don't know the meaning of a word, refer to a dictionary. eg: When giving the lecture, he referred to his notes from time to time. eg: He would like to be referred to as Dr. Smith. 7. system /ˈsɪstəm / n.体系；制度；系统 ★ ____________ adj. 系统的 ★ ____________ adv. 系统地，有条理地 8. despite /dɪˈspaɪt / prep. 即使；尽管 ★despite = in spite of 引导让步状语 eg: Despite/ In spite of bad weather, the farmers still worked on the field. eg: He still helped us heartily despite / in spite of being tired after working three hours. ★ despite the fact that ＋从句 eg:Despite the fact that the weather was bad, the farmers still worked on the field. =Although/Though the weather was bad, the farmers still worked on the field. 9. ups and downs  浮沉；兴衰；荣辱 eg：The company has experienced many up and downs over the past century. 10. factor /ˈfæktə(r)/ n. 因素；要素 11. based /beɪst/ adj.以(某事)为基础的；以……为重要部分(或特征)的 ★ be based on 以...为依据 eg:The movie is based on a true story. 12. base /beɪs/ vt. 以…为据点；以……为基础；把(总部)设在....  n. 底部；根据 eg: They decided to base the new company in NY. ★ base sth on sth 以...为基础（或根据） eg： We should base our decision on facts. 我们应该将决定建立在事实的基础上。 = Our decision should ______ _________ ________ facts. ★__________ adj. 基础的，基本的 ★__________ adv. 基本上；大体上；从根本上说 13. date back (to ...)  追溯 (到) ★ date back to + 某个具体的过去的时间 = date from + 某个过去的时间 始于.../ 追溯到... eg: This church dates back to the 8th century. = This church dates from the 8th century. (时态通常用一般现在时： dates） 这个传统起源于清朝。 The tradition _________ ________ ________ the Qing Dynasty. 他们的友谊从大学时代就开始了。 Their friendship __________ _______ their college days. ★ date back (+ 时间段) This traditional custom dates back hundreds of years. The origins of this custom date back very far. 14. bone / bəʊn / n.骨头；骨(质)  15. shell /ʃel / n.壳；壳状物 16. symbol /ˈsɪmbl / n.符号；象征 ★ ___________ adj. 象征性的； 作为象征的 17. carve / kɑ:v / vt. & vi 雕刻 eg: Carve the characters on the bones and shells. 18. dynasty /ˈdɪnəsti/ n.王朝；朝代 eg: the Qing Dynasty 19. variety /vəˈraɪəti/ n.(植物、语言等的)变体；异体；多样化 eg: We all need variety in our diet. ★ a variety of = varieties of 各种各样的，种种（前面可用great, large,wide 修饰,后面接可数名词复数时，谓语动词用复数。） eg:Varieties of flowers are sold in the market. 区别： the variety of ... ... 的品种 （谓语动词必须用单数） The variety of goods in this shop is rich. ★ vary v. 相异； 改变 → vary from... to ..... 从....到...不等 → vary in 在... 方面不同→ vary with 随...而变化 eg: Students' English levels vary from beginners to advanced. eg: Smartphones vary greatly in price. eg: The price of vegetables varies with seasons. ★various adj. 各种不同的； 各种各样的 eg: The shop has various clothes for women customers to choose from. 练一练： 1. A variety of books _______________(be) published in recent years. 2. The variety of flowers in the garden _____________(impress) every visitors. 3. He quit the job for ____________(vary) of reasons. 4. He quit the job for ____________(vary) reasons. 5. The store offers a __________(vary) of products, from to clothes to food. 6. People's tastes in music__________(vary) greatly. Some like pop, while others prefer classics. 20. major /ˈmeɪdʒə(r)/  adj.主要的；重要的;大的;  n.主修课程；主修学生;  vi.主修；专门研究 eg: The major problem at present is how to overcome all the difficulties. (adj. 主要的） ★ major in... 主修某个专业 （v. 主修） eg: Ellen majors in English. That is, her major is English. (major 1: 词性_________; 词义_________) (major 2: 词性_________; 词义______________) ★major的对应词： minor adj. 较少的 ★ majority n. 多数 ←→ 对应词： minority n. 少数 eg: The majority of students in this school are from China. eg: Only a minority of people are against the policy. 21. no matter where, who, what, etc.  不论……；不管……  (引导让步性状语从句） ★ no matter where = wherever ; no matter who = whoever ; no matter what= whatever 22. dialect /'daɪəlekt/ n.地方话；方言 23. means /mi:nz/ n.方式；方法；途径 ★ means 单复同形 1. means of (doing) sth = way of (doing) sth (做）某事的方法/方式 2. by means of ... 借助...手段； 依靠... 方法 3. by no means 无论如何 4. by this means = in this way = with this method 通过这种方式 eg: Reading aloud is a good means of learning languages. eg: The thief entered the house by means of a broken window. eg: The task is by no means easy. = By no means is the task easy. ( by no means 提前，句子发生半倒装） eg: We saved a lot of time, and by this means, finished the task ahead of schedule. 方式；方法 way 方式，方法。最通用，口语化。不强调是否系统或正规。 the way to do the way of doing in this way the best way to learn English the best way of learning English means 实现某个目的工具，手段或媒介。单复同形 by means of a means of (doing) sth by no means They make money by means of online sales. a means of transportation 交通工具 method 系统，科学，有条理的方法。强调一套成体系的步骤。 a method for （doing) The book provides new methods of study. teaching method; training method approach 解决问题的思路/途径 an approach to doing We need a different approach to solving the problem. (to 是介词） 方式方法类词汇填空题 (means / way / method / approach) 1.We should use more environmentally friendly ___________ of transportation to reduce pollution. 2.My English teacher has a special ___________ of making grammar lessons interesting. 3.Could you please show me the ___________ to operate this new machine? I’m not familiar with it. 4.The research team spent three months developing a new ________ for testing the effectiveness of the drug. 5.By no ___________ should we give up when facing difficulties; persistence is the key to success. 6.This book presents a creative ___________ to helping children develop reading habits from an early age. 24. classic /ˈklæsɪk/ adj.传统的；最优秀的；典型的;  n.经典作品；名著 eg: Gone With the Wind is a classic novel of English literature. eg: That is a classic example of a misunderstanding. eg: The book is recognized as a classic. ★ ____________ adj. 古典的 25. regard /rɪˈgɑ:d/  n.尊重；关注；   vt.把……视为；看待 ★ regard...as... 把... 视作.... Eg: Her parents always regard her as the cleverest of their children. ★ in / with regard to 关于，至于eg: In/ With regard to your question, I will provide a detailed answer later. ★ have/ show regard for对..尊重/重视...eg: I have a very high regard for him and what he has achieved. ★give one's regard to 代某人（向某人） 问好 eg: Please give my best regards to your family. ★ regarding prep. 关于 = in / with regard to ★ regardless adv. 不顾，不管无论 eg: The weather was terrible but we carried on regardless. 26. character /'kærəktə(r)/ n.文字；符号；角色；品质；特点 eg： Chinese characters 汉字 eg: the main character of the movie eg: Honesty is a good character. 27. calligraphy / kəˈlɪɡrəfi / n.书法；书法艺术 28. global /'gləʊbəl/ adj.全球的；全世界的 eg: global warming 全球温暖化 ★________ n. 地球 → on the globe 在地球上 29. affair /əˈfeə(r)/ n.公共事务；事件；关系; 私人事务或活动 eg: global affair 全球事务 eg: Mind your own affairs. 管好你自己的事。 eg: How does he spend his money is his own affair. 他怎么花钱是他自己的事。 eg: She has an affair with her boss. 她和她的老板有暧昧关系。 （affair 还指已婚男女的私通或风流韵事） 30. appreciate /ə'pri:ʃieɪt /  vt. 欣赏；重视；感激；理解，领会；   vi. 增值 eg: He appreciates your talent. eg: He didn't fully appreciate the meaning of her words. ★ appreciate (sb/sb's) doing 感激（某人）做.... eg: We would appreciate you letting us know of any problem. ★ I would appreciate it if .... 如果.... 我将不胜感激 eg: I would appreciate it if you could let me know in advance whether or not you will come. ★ _______________ n. 感激，欣赏 ★_______________ adj. 欣赏的， 感激的 31. specific /spəˈsɪfɪk/ adj.特定的；明确的；具体的 ★______________ adv. 明确地，特意，专门地，确切地说 eg: I will give a detailed answer to each specific question. eg: This animal is specific to this area. ★ to be specific 说的具体些 To be specific, he is too old to work any more. 32. CE /ˌsi: ˈi:/ (Common Era) 公元 33. struggle /ˈstrʌgl/  n.&vi. 斗争；奋斗；搏斗 ★ struggle to do sth 努力/ 争取做某事 ★ struggle for .... 为（争取）...而努力/奋斗 ★ struggle with/ against... 与...斗争 ★ struggle to one's feet 挣扎着站起来 ★ It is (not) a struggle to do sth 做...（不）是件难事儿 eg: We struggle for success all our life; however, it is a struggle to make every day meaningful. eg: Math is a subject that I have been struggling with. 34. tongue /tʌŋ/ n. 舌头；语言 ★ mother tongue 母语 35. point of view 观点；看法 ★ from my point of view = in my opinion 在我看来 eg: I could see the world from a different point of view after mastering a foreign language. 36. semester/sɪˈmestə(r)/ n.学期 ★ semester 指尤指半年制的学期，即一年两个学期。 term 可以指一年两个学期或三个或四个学期，英国三个学期，常用term. 37. gas /ɡæs/ n.汽油；气体；燃气 ★同义词： petrol n. 汽油 （英式英语） 38. petrol /'petrəl/ n.(NAmE gas ) 汽油 39. subway /'sʌbweɪ/ n. (BrE underground)  地铁 ★ 同义词： underground n. 地铁 （英式英语） ★ tube 英国伦敦地铁的昵称 I will take the tube. 40. apartment /ə'pɑ:tmənt/ n.(especially NAmE) 公寓套房 ★同义词： flat （英式英语） 41. pants / pænts / n. [pl.] (BrE ) 内裤；短裤；(especially NAmE )裤子 ★ 同义词： trousers 裤子（英式英语） 42. beg /beg/ vt.恳求；祈求；哀求 ★ beg sb. for sth. 向某人祈求某物 eg: The child begged his mother for a new toy. ★ beg sb. to do 祈求某人做某事 eg: He begged his friend to stay. ★ I beg your pardon. 请再说一遍。 词性转换 ★ __________ n. 乞丐 43. equal  /'i:kwəl /  n.同等的人；相等物 ； adj. 相同的；同样的； v.与...相等，等于 ★ adj: be equal to 与...相等/平等； 能胜任.... eg: One kilometer is equal to 0.6214 miles. eg: I am not equal to the job. ★adj: be equal in 在某方面相同 eg: The two boxes are equal in size. ★n: A be the equal of B A与B相匹敌， A与B一样好 eg: As a painter, he is the equal of some great masters. ★n: be without equal / have no equal 无与伦比，无敌 eg: Her is a basketball player without equal. eg: In math, he has no equal. ★v: A equal B A(在数量上） 等于B eg: Two plus two equals four. ★v: A equal B in.... A在... 方面与B相当/匹敌 eg: He equals his brother in intelligence. 词性转换： ★ equality n. 平等 eg: Equality is an important social value. ★ equally adv. 平等地 eg: Teachers should treat students equally. ★ unequal adj. 不平的的 44. gap /gæp/ n.间隔；开口；差距 ★generation gap 代沟 ★gap year 间隔年 ★ the gap between A and B A 与B之间的差距 ★ bridge the gap 缩小差距，弥补隔阂 45. demand /dɪˈmɑ:nd/ n.要求；需求；   vt. 强烈要求；需要 ； vi.查问 ★ the demand for 对于... 的要求 ★ meet one's demands 满足某人的需求 ★ demand sth 要求某物 eg: The workers demanded higher wages. ★ demand to do 要求做某事 eg: She demanded to see the manager. ★ demand sth of sb 向某人要某物(通常是一种期望，要求，标准，品质....) eg: You are demanding too much of yourself. ★ demand that sb (should) do = It is demanded that sb（should) do 要求...（从句用虚拟语气） eg：The teacher demanded that the students （should) be quiet. ★sth be in (great) demand 某物需求量大/ 广受欢迎 词性转换 ★ _____________ adj.要求高的；费力的 eg: This is a very demanding job. ※ demand 不接 sb to do; 要么直接接东西，要么直接上从句。 可以说： demand of sb to do sth 46. vocabulary /və'kæbjələri /  n.词汇 47. description /dɪˈskrɪpʃn/ n.描写(文字)；形容 ★ beyond description 难以描述，无法相容 ★ give a description of .... 对... 进行描述 词性转换 ★ _____________ v. 描述， 描绘 describe sth to sb 向某人描述..... describe ...as.... 把...称为/ 描述成..... ★_____________ adj. 描写的，叙述的 48. relate /rɪˈleɪt / vt.联系；讲述 ★ relate A to B 把... 和... 联系起来 eg: The teacher tried to relate boring teaching materials to something interesting. ★ relate sth to sb 向某人讲述某事 eg: She related the whole story to the police. ★ be related to ... 和... 有关/ 有联系 eg: Her success is related to her hard work. 词性转换： ★ relationship n. 关系（情感色彩，如爱，恨，友好，紧张 ） ★ relation n. 关系 （国家，外交，团体，人之间，常用pl.） → in relation to 关于...; 与...相比 eg: improve relations between our two countries; US-Chinese relations; teacher-pupil relations ★ unrelated adj. 不相关的 eg: They have a very close relationship. Their relationship ended two years ago. eg: I have some comments in relation to the recent report. 关于最近的报告，我有一些意见。 eg: The window is very small in relation to the size of the room. 相对于房间的大小，这个窗户非常小。 49. relate to 与……相关；涉及；谈到 eg:The new law relates to environmental protection. 新法律涉及到环境保护。 eg: The question he asked relates to our main topic. 他提的问题与我们的主题有关。 eg: Many young people can relate to the singer's struggle. 很多年轻人都能理解那位歌手的挣扎。 eg: I just cannot relate to romantic movies. 我在情感上无法与爱情电影产生共鸣。 ※当主语是物时， relate to 是 "与...有关； 涉及" 的意思。 当主语是人时， relate to 是 "理解，喜欢，与...产生共鸣" 的意思。 重点短语 根据汉意 自测 ↓ ↓ ↓ 1. (sth) be native to (sp) 某物原产于某地；某物是某地特有的 2. refer to 指的是；描述；提到；查阅; 涉及；与...相关 3. in/ with reference to 关于 4. ups and downs 沉浮，兴衰，荣辱 5. be based on base...on.... 以...为依据 6. date back to / date from 追溯到 7. a variety of 对...造成损失 8. major in 主修某个专业 9. by means of 通过...的手段 10. be regarded as 被视为 11. point of view 观点；看法 12. relate to 与……相关；涉及；谈到 13. beyond description 难以描述；无法相容 14. be equal to 与...相等/平等； 能胜任.... 15. have trouble with sth/doing sth 在...方面有麻烦 16. struggle for 为.. 而努力，奋斗，挣扎 17. beg for 祈求... 18. depend on 依赖；取决于 19. all the way through 自始自终；从头到尾 20.at the beginning 起初，一开始 21 varieties of/ a variety of 各种各样的 22.global affairs 全球事务 23.originate from 起源于 24.It was a time when.. 那段时间 25 in one direction 朝一个方向 26. bridge the gap 缩小距离，消除隔阂 27.be senior to sb 比某人年长/ 级别高 27. aside from 除了 28.can't help but do 情不自禁做某事 29.in demand 受欢迎的，有市场需求的 30.be adapted into 被改编为/ 被转换为 31.along with 连同， 一起，除了...之外（还） 32.billions of 数十亿；大量 33.be of great importance 十分重要 34. high regard for... 对...十分尊崇/非常重视 35. appreciate sb/ sb's doing.. 十分感谢某人做某事 36. be a struggle 是一件困难的事 37. take on 承担；呈现 38. beyond description 难以描述 39. be regarded as 被视为 40. lead to 导致；通向 41. develop into 发展成为 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $