2026届四川英语高考一轮复习：谓语与时态 备课包

谓语 一轮复习语法专题 谓语 识别、构成与特征 一个句子之所以能成为句子，关键在于有谓语。谓语可以用来说明主语“做什么”、“是什么”或“处于什么状态”。 例1：He runs every morning. 例2：I am happy. 例3: She can speak French. 例4:. You must finish your work. 例5：He has worked here for 2 years. 例6：He was blamed for his mistake. 一、谓语的识别与构成 【结论1】 谓语就是用来陈述或说明主语的成分，其核心是动词。 【结论2】 谓语一般紧跟在主语之后，其构成并非总是单个动词，有多种考察形式。 实义动词 情态动词 + 实义动词 （表示不同情感态度） 简单谓语 助动词+ 实义动词 （帮助构成时态、语态、句型） 复合谓语 系动词+表语（后接表示状态的词） 3 二、谓语的特征 1.“时”（Tense）： 表示动作发生的时间 例1：He works here. 例2：He worked here. 2.“态”（Aspect）： 表示动作进行的状态（进行/完成+主动/被动） 例1：He is working. 例2：The problem has been solved. 3.“数”（Number）和“人称”（Person）： 主谓一致 例1：She likes music. 例2：They like music. 【结论3】 谓语动词受主语严格制约的成分，必须具备时、态、数三个特征。 【特别提醒】 非谓语动词（to do, doing, done）可以承担除谓语外的任何成分（主语、宾语、定语、状语等），但它们不具备以上三个特征。 谓语 时态 一、时态的形式 现在 过去 将来 一般 进行 完成 完成进行 客观现存习惯性 过去动作与惯例 一般将来will：将来事实有意愿 一般将来be：主观计划可能性 此刻近期在进行 过去动作现影响 过去之前已完成 将来某刻将完成 过去特定在进行 将来特定定进行 过去影响现持续 过去之前持续段 将来之前持续段 do/does did will do/be to do am/is/are doing was/were doing will be doing has/have done had done will have done has/have been doing had been doing will have been doing 客观现存习惯性：客观事实、现在的动作、现在存在的状态、习惯性的动作 过去动作与惯例：过去发生的动作、按照过去惯例要发生的动作 一般将来will：将来的动作、将来的客观事实、有意愿做某事 一般将来be：主观的预期、计划、有迹象表明某事发生的可能性 此刻近期在进行：此时此刻、最近动作、正在进行的动作 过去特定在进行：过去时间、特定的过去时间点、正在进行的动作 将来特定定进行：将来时间、特定的将来时间点、按照预料或安排动作必定会进行 过去动作现影响：过去发生的动作对现在的影响（强调结果和影响） 过去之前已完成：过去的过去 过去持续到现在：过去动作、持续到现在还可能继续持续，（强调过程，一般有表示过去完成的大时间段和表示进行的小时间段） 过去之前持续段：动作发生在“过去的过去”且该动作在过去的另一个时间点或动作之前，已经持续了一段时间。 将来之前持续段：动作持续到将来的某个时间点之前且强调到那个将来的截止时间，该动作已经进行了一段时间。 三种完成进行时态的区别在于时间的参照点不同： 现在完成进行时，参照点是“现在”。 过去完成进行时，参照点是“过去的某个时刻”。 将来完成进行时，参照点是“将来的某个时刻”。 6 二、高频时态考点辨析1：一般现在时 vs. 一般过去时 核心辨析： 关键在于判断动作或状态发生的时间背景。 一般现在时 描述现在经常性、习惯性的行为、客观真理或当前状态； 一般过去时 则单纯描述过去发生且已结束的动作，与现在没有直接联系。 时间状语标志： 一般现在时： always, often, usually, every day, sometimes, on Mondays等。 一般过去时： yesterday, last week/month, in 1990, ... ago, just now, the other day, once, in the past等。 例句对比： He works in a bank. He worked in a bank ten years ago. He works in a bank. （他现在的工作状态，职业就是银行职员） He worked in a bank ten years ago. （他十年前曾在那里工作，现在可能已离职） 7 一般现在时 vs. 一般过去时 【高考真题演练】 (2023年全国甲卷语法填空) I _________ (water) the flowers every other day to keep them fresh. (2022年新全国I卷语法填空) In the 19th century, the industrial revolution ___________ (bring) about massive changes to society. (2021年浙江卷语法填空) —What do you think of the movie? —Oh, I _____________ (see) it many times. It's fantastic! 启示：不能仅凭主句时态判断，必须关注空所在句自身的时间状语和语境。 water brought have seen 【答案与解析】 water。时间状语“every other day”表示一种习惯性行为，应用一般现在时。主语为I，故用动词原形。 brought。时间状语“In the 19th century”是一个明确的过去时间点，描述过去发生的事，应用一般过去时。 have seen。此处是陷阱。虽然问句是一般现在时，但答句中的“many times”是现在完成时的典型标志，强调过去的经历对现在造成的影响（即“我非常了解这部电影”）。此题旨在提醒考生，不能仅凭主句时态判断，必须关注空所在句自身的时间状语和语境。 8 二、高频时态考点辨析2：一般过去时 vs. 现在完成时 核心辨析：关键在于判断说话者的时间焦点是放在过去的动作本身，还是放在该动作与现在的联系上。 一般过去时： 动作发生在过去的某个特定时间，与现在无关。 现在完成时： 过去的动作对现在造成的影响、结果 时间状语标志： 一般过去时： yesterday, last week/month/year, ... ago, in 1990, just now, at that time, once, 以及具体的过去时间点。 现在完成时： already, yet, ever, never, just, since + 时间点, for + 时间段, so far, up to now, in the last/past few years, recently, lately。 例句对比： He lived in Beijing five years ago. He has lived in Beijing for five years. He lived in Beijing for five years. （他曾在北京住过五年。） 解析： 这只是陈述一个过去的事实。他现在已经不在北京了。焦点完全在过去。 He has lived in Beijing for five years. （他在北京已经住了五年了。） 9 一般过去时 vs. 现在完成时 【高考真题演练】 (2023年全国乙卷语法填空) In the past few years, China _________ (make) great achievements in space exploration. (2022年新全国I卷语法填空) — ______ you ______ (see) the film The Wandering Earth? — Yes, I ______ (see) it last month with my family. (2021年北京卷语法填空) I _________ (lose) my key, so I can't get into my office now. has made Have seen saw have lost 【常见易错点】 有具体过去时间状语，必须用一般过去时。 (错误) I have seen him yesterday. (正确) I saw him yesterday. “Since（自从...” 引导的时间状语从句，主句用现在完成时。 (正确) He has lived here since he was a child. 在“It/This is the first time that...” 句型中，从句用现在完成时。 (正确) This is the first time I have visited Beijing. has made。时间状语“In the past few years”是现在完成时的典型标志，它指的是从几年前持续到最近的一段时间，与现在密切相关，强调在这段时间内取得的成就。 Have...seen; saw。第一问询问的是对方到目前为止是否有“看”的经历，不涉及具体时间，用现在完成时。第二答给出了明确的具体过去时间“last month”，因此必须用一般过去时saw。 have lost。后半句“so I can't get into my office now”是解题关键。它说明了“丢钥匙”这个过去发生的动作对现在造成的直接影响和结果（现在进不去），因此必须用现在完成时。如果只是陈述过去丢了钥匙，但不涉及对现在的影响，则用一般过去时，如：I lost my key yesterday. (但后来可能已经找到了)。 10 二、高频时态考点辨析3：一般过去时 vs. 过去完成时 核心辨析： 主要区别在于“过去”这个时间内，动作发生的先后顺序。 一般过去时 叙述过去连续发生的动作时，常按时间顺序使用一般过去时。 过去完成时 明确表示一个动作发生在另一个过去动作之前，当时间顺序不明确时，用它来澄清。 时间状语标志： 一般过去时： yesterday, last week/month/year, ... ago, in 1990, just now, at that time, once, 以及具体的过去时间点。 过去完成时：常出现在含有by/before/by the time + 过去时间的句子中，或当主句是过去时，从句动作发生在主句动作之前时。 例句对比： He left the room after he finished his work. He left the room. He has finished his work. He left the room after he finished his work. （按时间顺序叙述，“完成工作”后“离开”） He left the room. He had finished his work. （先用一般过去时陈述“离开”，然后补充说明在“离开”之前“已完成工作”） 11 一般过去时 vs. 过去完成时 【高考真题演练】 (2022年天津卷语法填空) I _________ (think) you had already left for Beijing. (2021年新全国I卷语法填空) After everyone ___________ (take) their seats, the speaker began his lecture. (2020年全国III卷语法填空) She told me that she __________ (lose) her keys and couldn't get into her house. thought had taken had lost 【常见易错点】 由when, before, after等连词引导的从句，如果动作先后顺序已明确，可用一般过去时代替过去完成时。 (正确) After he (had finished) finished his homework, he went out to play. (两者都正确，但完形填空中可能倾向选 had finished 以强调完成) 在没有明确先后关系时，不用过去完成时。 (错误) I had told him the news, but he wasn't interested. (两个动作几乎同时或按顺序发生，用一般过去时即可) (正确) I told him the news, but he wasn't interested. It was the first/second... time that... (that从句用过去完成时) 【答案与解析】 thought。主句“I thought”描述我过去的想法，用一般过去时。从句“you had already left”是在“thought”这个想法产生时已经发生的事，用过去完成时正确。此题重点考查主句谓语的时态。 had taken。主句“the speaker began”是一般过去时。“每个人就座”发生在“演讲开始”之前，因此从句应用过去完成时。 had lost。主句“She told me”是一般过去时。“丢钥匙”发生在“告诉”我之前，且导致了“无法进门”的结果，因此应用过去完成时。 12 二、高频时态考点辨析4：现在完成时 vs. 过去完成时 核心辨析： 两者都涉及“完成”的概念，但时间的参照点不同。 现在完成时 的参照点是“现在”，强调过去动作对“现在”的影响或结果 过去完成时 的参照点是“过去的某个时间”，强调“过去的过去” 时间状语标志： 现在完成时 常与 already, yet, ever, never, just, since + 时间点, for + 时间段, so far, in the last/past few years 等连用。 过去完成时 常出现在含有by/before/by the time + 过去时间的句子中，或当主句是过去时，从句动作发生在主句动作之前时。 例句对比： By now, I have finished my homework. By 9 p.m. last night, I had finished my homework. By now, I have finished my homework. （参照点是“现在”，作业现在已经完成） By 9 p.m. last night, I had finished my homework. （参照点是“last night”这个过去时间，作业在昨晚9点前已完成） 13 现在完成时 vs. 过去完成时 【高考真题演练】 (2023年全国乙卷语法填空) For the past decade, the company _____________ (invest) heavily in renewable energy research. (2022年北京卷语法填空) When I got to the cinema, the movie ______ already ______ (begin) for ten minutes. (2021年全国卷I短文改错) ... I was very disappointed because I had planned to go for a picnic. But by the time we woke up, it has been raining for hours. has invested had begun has been raining → had been raining。主句时态是过去时（was disappointed, woke up）。“下雨”这个动作发生在“我们醒来”这个过去时间点之前，并且持续了一段时间（for hours），因此需要用过去完成时（或过去完成进行时）。 【常见易错点】 在宾语从句中，如果主句是过去时，从句要用相应的过去时态。 He told me that he has finished his work. (错误) He told me that he had finished his work. (正确) (“完成工作”发生在“他告诉我”这个过去动作之前) 【答案与解析】 has invested。时间状语“For the past decade”是现在完成时的典型标志，表示从十年前持续到现在的投资行为。 had...begun。主句“When I got to the cinema”用了一般过去时。电影“开始”发生在我“到达”这个过去动作之前，即“过去的过去”，应用过去完成时。注意“for ten minutes”修饰的是“begin”这个动作，表示该动作已持续了十分钟。 has been raining → had been raining。主句时态是过去时（was disappointed, woke up）。“下雨”这个动作发生在“我们醒来”这个过去时间点之前，并且持续了一段时间（for hours），因此需要用过去完成时（或过去完成进行时）。 14 二、高频时态考点辨析5:一般现在时 vs. 现在完成时 核心辨析： 一个是描述常态，一个是描述影响。 一般现在时 强调动作的经常性、习惯性（过去、现在、未来都如此） 现在完成时 强调过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果，能连接过去与现在。 时间状语标志： 一般现在时： always, often, every day, usually, seldom等。 现在完成时： already, yet, ever, never, just, since + 时间点, for + 时间段, so far, in the last/past few years, recently等。 例句对比： 1. He is a teacher. 2. He has been a teacher for 10 years. 15 一般现在时 vs. 现在完成时 【高考真题演练】 (2023年全国乙卷语法填空) For the past decade, the company ____________ (invest) heavily in renewable energy research. (2022年北京卷语法填空) It is the first time that I ____________ (visit) the Great Wall, and I'm deeply impressed. (2021年新全国I卷短文改错) ... I ___________(live) in Beijing since I was a child. I love this city very much. have invested have visited have lived 【常见易错点】 混淆“经常做”和“已经做” (正确) I play basketball every weekend. （习惯，每周都做） (正确) I have played basketball, so I'm tired now. （强调“打过篮球”这个过去行为导致“现在很累”的结果） 状态动词的误用 (正确) I have known him for ten years. （“认识”这个状态从十年前持续到现在） (错误) I know him for ten years. （“知道”是现状，但不能直接接“for+时间段”来表达持续） 【答案与解析】 has invested。时间状语“For the past decade”是现在完成时的典型标志，表示从十年前持续到现在的投资行为。 have visited。固定句型“It/This is the first (second...) time that...”中，that从句的谓语必须用现在完成时。 live → have lived。时间状语“since I was a child”表示从过去持续到现在的状态，必须用现在完成时。 16 二、*高频时态考点辨析6：现在完成时 vs. 现在完成进行时 核心辨析： 动作是否正在进行，是否有表示“进行”的小时间状语 现在完成时 强调动作的完成和结果； 现在完成进行时 强调动作的持续性、未完成和正在进行。 时间状语标志： 现在完成时： for.., since.., recently, lately, already, yet, ever, so far, once 现在完成进行时： 除了现在完成时的时间状语标志外，还会有强调“进行”的时间状语，如：all morning/day/night/week, for a long time 例句对比： I have painted the room for two hours. I have been painting the room for two hours. 现在完成时：I have painted the room for two hours. 含义: 我花了两个小时粉刷房间。暗示工作可能已经完成。重点是“我完成了两小时的粉刷工作”这个事实和结果。 现在完成进行时: I have been painting the room for two hours. 含义: 我粉刷房间已经两个小时了。强调动作持续了这么久，而且很可能还在继续。我可能浑身是油漆，而且还没刷完。 17 现在进行时 vs. 过去进行时 【高考真题演练】 The exhibition at the Jiushi Art Museum _________________(feature) artwork inspired by Go for over a month, and it will end next week. — Sorry, I didn't know. —Alvin, are you coming with us? —I‘d love to, but something unexpected _____________ (come up). Scientists __________________(search) for green transport fuels since 2020, and they _____________(made) some progress recently.  has been featuring has come up have been searching have made 【答案与解析】 1.原句：The exhibition at the Jiushi Art Museum has been featuring artwork inspired by Go for over a month, and it will end next week. -1 翻译：久事美术馆的这场展览以围棋为灵感的艺术品为特色已有一个多月了，将于下周结束 解析：这里使用现在完成进行时，关键在于句中的两个信息：“for over a month” 表示持续了一段时间，而 “it will end next week” 说明这个展览动作不仅持续了一个多月，并且到说话时仍在进行，直到下周才结束。这完美符合“强调动作持续并可能仍在进行”的用法。 2.原句：—Alvin, are you coming with us? —I'd love to, but something unexpected has come up. -2 翻译：—阿尔文，你要和我们一起吗？—我很想去，但发生了一些意外情况。 解析：这是一个典型用现在完成时表示动作结果影响现状的场景。意外情况 “has come up”（已经发生），这个过去发生的动作直接导致了现在“不能去”的结果。对话的重点是已发生的事对现在造成了影响。 3.原句：Scientists have been searching for green transport fuels since 2020, and they have made some progress recently. -1 翻译：科学家们自2020年以来一直在寻找绿色交通燃料，最近已经取得了一些进展。 解析：句中的 “since 2020” 明确指出了动作的开始时间，并暗示寻找工作从那时起一直持续到了现在。使用现在完成进行时，强调了“寻找”这个动作本身的长期性和持续性，并且暗示这项工作仍在继续。后半句的“取得进展”是这个持续动作产生的结果。 18 实战应用 语法填空中的谓语与时态判断 语法填空中的谓语与时态判断 第一步：分析句子结构，定位谓语。 一个完整的句子必须有且只有一个谓语动词（并列谓语除外）。 第二步：若确定该空为谓语，则进行“三步判断法”： 判断“时”： 寻找时间状语或上下文语境。 (1)时间标志词： (2)语境暗示： 例1：I have lost my key. I can't get into my house. 例2：He was tired because he had worked all day. 判断“态”： 判断动作的状态和语态 判断“人称和数”： 确定主语，检查主谓一致。 第三人称单数，现在时，动词要加s/es。 主语是复数，谓语用原形或相应复数形式。 注意就近原则等主谓一致的特殊情况。 I have lost my key. I can't get into my house. （第二句暗示了第一句动作对现在的影响） He was tired because he had worked all day. （“工作”发生在“感到累”之前） 20 补充：谓语的主动与被动语态对照表 动作状态 时间 一般 进行 完成 现在 过去 将来 do be（am/is/are） am/is/are doing have/has done did was/were was/were doing had done will do will be will be doing will have done am/is/are done was/were done will be done am/is/are being done was/were being done will be being done have/has been done had been done will have been done $ 谓语与时态专项练习 姓名：__________ 班级：__________ 得分：__________ 一、谓语识别 要求： 判断下列句子是简单句还是并列句/复合句。如果是简单句，请划出句子的谓语部分；如果是并列句或复合句，请划出主句的谓语部分。 1. The clever boy from a small village finally entered his dream university. 句子类型：_____________________ 谓语部分：_____________________ 2. She loves painting, and her brother enjoys music. 句子类型：_____________________ 谓语部分：_____________________ 3. The book that you lent me last week is incredibly interesting. 句子类型：_____________________ 谓语部分：_____________________ 4. Having finished his homework, Tom went out to play basketball. 句子类型：_____________________ 谓语部分：_____________________ 二、时态选择 要求： 从A、B、C、D四个选项中选择一个最佳答案填入空白处。 1. — Could I use your car for a while? — Sorry, it ______ by my father at the moment. A. is being used B. is used C. has been used D. was used 2. So far, all the rescue teams ______ no effort to find the missing sailors. A. have spared B. spared C. are sparing D. spare 3. When I was a child, I often ______ in the river near my village. A. swim B. swam C. have swum D. am swimming 4. By the time he arrives in Beijing, we ______ here for two days. A. will have stayed B. have been staying C. shall stay D. have stayed 5. — You look so tired! — Yeah, I ______ the house all the morning. A. have been cleaning B. had cleaned C. cleaned D. have cleaned 三、语法填空 要求： 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入括号内动词的正确形式。 A I still remember the day when I first met my best friend, Lisa. It 1. ______ (rain) heavily that afternoon. I 2. ______ (wait) at the bus stop without an umbrella when she 3. ______ (come) and shared hers with me. We 4. ______ (be) friends ever since. Over the years, we 5. ______ (share) countless joys and sorrows. B In the past few decades, great changes 6. ______ (take) place in my hometown. By 2020, the local government 7. ______ (build) three new hospitals and two libraries. Right now, a new park 8. ______ (construct) near my house, and it is said that the project 9. ______ (complete) by the end of next year. I'm sure that when I come back next time, the city 10. ______ (become) even more beautiful. 参考答案 一、谓语识别 1. 句子类型： 简单句 · 谓语部分： entered · 解析： 句子主语是"The clever boy"，"from a small village"是介词短语作后置定语。句子结构完整，只有一个主谓结构，故为简单句。谓语是实义动词"entered"。 2. 句子类型： 并列句 · 谓语部分： loves, enjoys · 解析： 句子由"and"连接两个简单句"She loves painting"和"her brother enjoys music"，故为并列句。两个分句的谓语分别是"loves"和"enjoys"。 3. 句子类型： 复合句 · 谓语部分： is · 解析： 句子主干是"The book is incredibly interesting"，"that you lent me last week"是定语从句修饰"The book"。主句的谓语是系动词"is"。 4. 句子类型： 简单句 · 谓语部分： went · 解析： "Having finished his homework"是现在分词短语作状语，表示时间。句子主干是"Tom went out to play basketball"，只有一个主谓结构，故为简单句。谓语是"went"。 二、时态选择 1. 答案：A. is being used · 解析： 时间状语"at the moment"表示"此刻"，且根据语境"车正在被使用"，所以用现在进行时的被动语态。 2. 答案：A. have spared · 解析： 时间状语"So far"是现在完成时的典型标志，表示从过去某时持续到现在。主语"teams"是复数，故用"have spared"。 3. 答案：B. swam · 解析： 时间状语"When I was a child"明确表示过去，描述过去的习惯性动作，应用一般过去时。 4. 答案：A. will have stayed · 解析： 时间状语"By the time he arrives in Beijing"表示"到他到达北京的时候为止"，这是一个将来的时间点。动作"待在这里"将在这个将来时间点之前完成并持续一段时间，故用将来完成时。 5. 答案：A. have been cleaning · 解析： 上文"你看起来很累"是现在的情况。答句解释造成此现状的原因，强调"整个早上一直在打扫"这个持续的过程，且该过程可能刚停止或仍在继续，故用现在完成进行时最能体现动作的持续性及其对现在的影响。 三、语法填空 1. 答案：was raining · 解析： 时间状语"that afternoon"指过去。此处描述在那个特定的下午"正在下雨"的情景，作为故事背景，故用过去进行时。 2. 答案：was waiting · 解析： 同上句，描述在"下雨"这个过去背景下的另一个正在持续的动作"等车"，故用过去进行时。 3. 答案：came · 解析： "她过来"是一个发生在过去背景下的瞬时动作，用一般过去时。 4. 答案：have been · 解析： 时间状语"ever since"（从那时起一直到现在）是现在完成时的标志。此处表示从过去相遇那一刻持续到现在的朋友状态。 5. 答案：have shared · 解析： 时间状语"Over the years"（这些年来）表示从过去持续到现在的一段时间，强调共享的经历，用现在完成时。 6. 答案：have taken · 解析： 时间状语"In the past few decades"是现在完成时的典型标志，表示发生在过去并对现在有影响的动作。 7. 答案：had built · 解析： 时间状语"By 2020"是一个过去的截止时间。在2020年之前"已经建成"，表示"过去的过去"，故用过去完成时。 8. 答案：is being constructed · 解析： 时间状语"Right now"表示此刻，且"公园"和"建设"之间是被动关系，故用现在进行时的被动语态。 9. 答案：will have been completed · 解析： 时间状语"by the end of next year"是一个将来的截止时间。动作"完成"将在此时间点前完成，且主语"project"与动词"complete"是被动关系，故用将来完成时的被动语态。 10. 答案：will have become · 解析： 时间状语"when I come back next time"是将来时间。主句动作"变得"在将来"回来"之时已经完成或实现，故用将来完成时。 补充：21篇真题语填（可挑选考察谓语的题目作巩固练习） 语法填空练习 1 【2024新课标ⅠⅠ卷】Chinese cultural elements commemorating (纪念) Tang Xianzu, ___36___ is known as “the Shakespeare of Asia,” add an international character to Stratford-upon-Avon, William Shakespeare’s hometown. Tang and Shakespeare were contemporaries and both died in 1616. Although they could never have met, there are common ___37___ (theme)in their works, said Paul Edmondson, head of research for the Shakespeare Birthplace Trust. “Some of the things that Tang was writing about ___38___ (be)also Shakespeare’s concerns. I happen to know that Tang’s play The Peony Pavilion (《牡丹亭》) is similar in some ways ___39___ Romeo and Juliet.” A statue commemorating Shakespeare and Tang was put up at Shakespeare’s Birthplace Garden in 2017. Two years later, a six-meter-tall pavilion, ___40___ (inspire)by The Peony Pavilion, ___41___ (build)at the Firs Garden, just ten minutes’ walk from Shakespeare’s birthplace. Those cultural elements have increased Stratford’s international ___42___ (visible), said Edmondson, adding that visitors walking through the Birthplace Garden were often amazed ___43___ (find)the connection between the two great writers. ___44___ (recall)watching a Chinese opera version of Shakespeare’s play Richard III in Shanghai and meeting Chinese actors who came to Stratford a few years ago to perform parts of The Peony Pavilion, Edmondson said, “It was very exciting to hear the Chinese language ____45____ see how Tang’s play was being performed.” 2 【2024全国甲卷】Although parks of all sizes and types exist at any level the national parks, in particular, tend ____41____（catch）our attention because of their large size and variety. They are ____42____（treasure）of American heritage（遗产）. How did the national park system come about? On a cool, starry night in mid-September 1870, four men relaxed before a campfire along the Firehole River in ____43____ is now northwestern Wyoming. They ____44____（be）part of a 15-member exploring party that had spent almost five awesome weeks in witness of the natural beauties there. What should ____45____（do）with such a beautiful place? They wondered out loud. This area, with ____46____（it）unique and breathtaking natural beauty, must be well preserved ____47____all people of the nation to enjoy—as a national park. They all agreed and vowed（承诺）to promote the idea at the ____48____（complete）of their journey. Their promotional work paid off. Two years later, 18 years before Wyoming became a state, Yellowstone became the first national park in the United States and the world. Yellowstone was the ____49____（large）United States national park—2.2 million acres—until Wrangell-Saint Elias in southern Alaska, _____50_____ became a national monument in 1978, took the honors as a national park in 1980 with 12.3 million acres. 3 【2023年全国乙卷】Beijing is a city bridging the ancient and the modern. From Buddhist temples to museums, narrow hutong ____41____ royal palaces, it is home to more than 3,000 years of glorious history even down to its layout, with the city keeping its carefully ____42____ (build) system of ring roads. But for all its ancient buildings, Beijing is also a place ____43____ welcomes the fast-paced development of modern life, with 21st-century architectural ____44____ (wonder) standing side by side with historical buildings of the past. It is a distinct visual contrast (反差) that shouldn’t work, ____45____ somehow these two very different worlds make a good combination. ____46____ (visit) several times over the last 10 years, I ____47____ (amaze) by the co-existence of old and new, and how a city was able to keep such a rich heritage (遗产) while constantly growing. As a photographer, I have spent the last two years ___48___ (record) everything I discovered. The ____49____ (remark) development of this city, which is consciously designed to protect the past while stepping into the modern world, _____50_____ (mean) there is always something new to discover here, and I could be photographing Beijing for the next 50 years. 4 【2023年全国甲卷】For thousands of years, people have told fables (寓言) ___41___ (teach) a lesson or to pass on wisdom. Fables were part of the oral tradition of many early cultures, and the well-known Aesop’s fables date to the ___42___ (six) century, B. C. Yet, the form of the fable still has values today, ___43___ Rachel Carson says in “A Fable for Tomorrow.” Carson uses a simple, direct style common to fable. In fact, her style and tone (口吻) are seemingly directed at children. “There was once a town in the heart of America, ___44___ all life seemed to enjoy peaceful existence with its surroundings,” her fable begins, ___45___ (borrow) some familiar words from many age-old fables. Behind the simple style, however, is a serious message ___46___ (intend) for everyone. ___47___ (difference) from traditional fables, Carson’s story ends with an accusation instead of a moral. She warns of the environmental dangers facing society, and she teaches that people must take responsibility ___48___ saving their environment. The themes of traditional fables often deal with simple truths about everyday life. However, Carson’s theme is a more weighty ___49___ (warn) about environmental destruction. Carson proves that a simple literal form that has been passed down through the ages can still ____50____ (employ) today to draw attention to important truths. 5 【2022年全国乙卷】May 21st this year marks the first International Tea Day, which was named officially ___41___ the United Nations on November 27th, 2019. To celebrate ___42___ festival, a number of events took place at the Chinese Businessman Museum in Beijing on Thursday. The chairman of the China Culture Promotion Society ___43___ (address) the opening ceremony. “As a main promoter of the International Tea Day, the birthplace of tea and the ___44___ (large) tea-producing country, China has a ___45___ (responsible)to work with other countries to promote the healthy development of the tea industry. It can help to build a community with a ___46___ (share) future for mankind,” he said. The “First International Tea Day Tea Road Cooperative Initiative” issued (发布) at the ceremony calls for people working in the tea industry to come together to promote international cooperation ___47___ cultural exchanges. A four-year tea promotion —Tea Road Cooperative Plan—was also issued in accordance with the initiative. ___48___ (strengthen)the connection with young people, the event included a number of public promotional activities on social media, ___49___ (invite) twenty-nine tea professionals from around the world to have thirty-six hours of uninterrupted live broadcasts. The Chinese Ancient Tea Museum was officially unveiled (揭幕) at the ceremony, opening ____50____ (it)first exhibition: The Avenue of Truth—A Special Exhibition of Pu’er Tea. 6 【2021年新高考全国Ⅰ 卷】Going to Mount Huangshan reminds me of the popular Beatles’ song“The Long and Winding Road”. ____56____is so breathtaking about the experience is the out-of-this-world scenes. The rolling sea of clouds you see once you are at the top will remind you how tiny we ____57____ (human) are. The hot spring at the foot of the mountain is something you must try after the climb. It will ____58____(undoubted) help you get refreshed! The amazing thing about the spring is that the colder the temperature gets, the ____59____ (hot) the spring! Strange, isn’t it? But that’s how nature is — always leaving us ____60____(astonish). What comes next is the endless series of steps. You can’t help wondering how hard it ____61____ (be) for the people then to put all those rocks into place. Though it is the only unnatural thing on your way up the mountain, still it highlights the whole adventure ____62____offers a place where you can sit down to rest your ____63____ (ache) legs. As the song goes, this long and winding road “will never disappear”, and it will always stick in the visitor’s memory. It sure does in ____64____(I).While you’re in China, Mount Huangshan is ____65____ must to visit! 7 【2021年全国乙卷】 Ecotourism is commonly regarded as low impact(影响)travel to undisturbed places. It is different from traditional tourism because it allows the traveler to become ___61___ (educate)about the areas - both in terms of geographical conditions and cultural characteristics, and often provides money for conservation and benefits the ___62___(develop)of the local areas. Ecotourism has ___63___(it)origin with the environmental movement of the 1970s. It was not widely accepted as a travel concept ___64___ the late 1980s. During that time, increasing environmental awareness made it desirable. Due to ___65___ growing popularity of environmentally-related and adventure travel, various types ___66___ trips are now being classified as ecotourism. Actually, a true eco-friendly trip must meet the following principles: ·Minimize the impact of ___67___(visit)the place. ·Build respect for and awareness of the environment and cultural practices. ·Provide ___68___(finance)aid and other benefits for local peoples. ·Make sure that the tourism provides experiences for both the visitors and the hosts. Komodo National Park, officially recognized in 1980, is popular for ecotourism because of its unique biodiversity.___69___(activity)there range from whale watching to hiking(远足)and accommodations aim ____70____(have) a low impact on the natural environment. 8 【2020年新课标Ⅰ】China has become the first country to land a spacecraft on the far side of the moon. The unmanned Chang’e-4 probe (探测器) - the name was inspired by an ancient Chinese moon goddess 61. (touch) down last week in the South Pole-Aitken basin. Landing on the moon’s far side is 62. (extreme) challenging. Because the moon’s body blocks direct radio communication with a probe, China first had to put a satellite in orbit above the moon in a spot 63. it could send signals to the spacecraft and to Earth. The far side of the moon is of particular 64. (interesting) to scientists because it has a lot of deep craters (环形山)， more so 65. the familiar near side. Chinese researchers hope to use the instruments onboard Chang’e-4 66. (find) and study areas of the South Pole-Aitken basin. ＂This really excites scientists,＂ Carle Pieters, a scientist at Brown University, says, ＂because it 67. (mean) we have the chance to obtain information about how the moon 68. (construct)＂ Data about the moon’s composition, such as how 69. ice and other treasures it contains, could help China decide whether 70. (it) plans for a future lunar (月球的) base are practical. 9 【2020年新课标Ⅱ】Deorating with Plants, Fruits and Flowers for Chinese New Year Chinese New Year is a 61. (celebrate) marking the end of the winter season and the beginning of spring. This is why decorating with plants, fruits and flowers 62. (carry) special significance. They represent the earth 63. (come) back to life and best wishes for new beginnings. These are some of the most popular in many parts of the country: Oranges: Orange trees are more 64. decoration; they are a symbol of good fortune and wealth. They make great gifs and you see them many times 65. (decorate) with red envelopes and messages of good fortune. Bamboo: Chinese love their “Lucky Bamboo” plants and you will see them often in their homes and office. 66. (certain) during the holiday period, this plant is a must. Bamboo plants are associated 67. health, abundance and a happy home. They are easy 68. (care) for and make great presents. Branches of Plum Blossoms (梅花): The 69. (beauty) long branches covered with pink-colored buds (蓓蕾) make fantastic decorations. The plum trees are 70. first to flower even as the snow is melting(融化). They represent the promise of spring and a renewal of life. 10 【2020年新高考全国Ⅱ 卷】 These days, it is not unusual for 10-to 12-year-olds to publish their own websites or for second and third graders____36____（begin）computer classes. At the same time, computer games are becoming increasingly popular as major publishing houses continue to develop____37____（education）computer programs for children in preschool. Also, technological know-how has become a____38____（require）for most jobs in an increasingly digital world, as the computer has become a common tool in most____39____（profession） The Digital World is a set of volumes____40____aim to describe how digital systems influence society and help readers understand the nature of digital systems and their many interacting parts. Each volume in the set explores____41____wide range of material, explains the basic concepts of major applications of digital systems, ____42____discusses the influences they have on everyday life. Because the number of possible topics____43____（be）practically limitless, we focus on a sample of the most interesting and useful applications and tools and explain the basic principles of technology. Readers____44____（encourage）to continue exploring the digital world with the guidance of_____45_____（we）Further Resources section featured in each volume. 11 One day, Nick invited his friends to supper. He was cooking some delicious food in the kitchen. Suddenly, he41．(find)that he had run out of salt. So Nick called to his son, "Go to the village and buy some salt, but pay a fair price for it: neither too much42．too little. " His son looked surprised. "I can understand why I shouldn't pay too much, Father, but if I can pay less, 43．not save a bit of money? " "That would be a very44．(reason)thing to do in a big city, but it could destroy a small village like ours," Nick said. Nick's guests, 45．had heard their conversation, asked why they should not buy sale more cheaply if they could. Nick replied, "The only reason a man would sell sale46．a lower price would be because he was desperate for money. And anyone who took advantage of that situation would be showing a lack of respect47．the sweat and struggle of the man who worked very hard to produce it." "But such a small thing couldn't48．________(possible)destroy a village." "In the beginning, there was only49．very small amount of unfairness in the world, but everyone added a little, always50．(think)that it was only small and not very important, and look where we have ended up today. " 12 A 90-year-old has been awarded “Woman Of The Year” for 41．(be) Britain’s oldest full-time employee—still working 40 hours a week. Now Irene Astbury works from 9am to 5pm daily at the pet shop in Macclesfield, 42． she opened with her late husband Les. Her years of hard work have 43．(final) been acknowledged after a customer nominated(提名) her to be Cheshire’s Woman Of The Year. Picking up her “Lifetime Achievement” award, proud Irene 44．(declare) she had no plans 45．(retire) from her 36-year-old business. Irene said, “I don’t see any reason to give up work. I love coming here and seeing my family and all the friends I 46．(make) over the years. I work not because I have to, 47． because I want to.” Granddaughter Gayle Parks, 31—who works alongside her in the family business—said it remained unknown as to who nominated Irene for the award. She said, “We don’t have any idea who put grandma forward. When we got a call 48．(say) she was short-listed, we thought it was 49． joke. But then we got an official letter and we were blown away. We are so proud of her. It’s 50．(wonder).” 13 I'm an American student（61） （study）in Human University. Last summer vacation，I travelled to Mount Hengshan，one of the five most famous mountains in China with my classmates. After two hours'ride，the dream place we were looking forward to（62） （come）into view. The moment we got on the Zhurong Peak，the（63） （high） one of its 72peaks，a gust of cool gentle breeze with moist air blew on our faces，making us feel so comfortable. （64） ，two hours before，I'd been staying in Changshang，（65） it was too hot to hear The beauty of Mount Hengshan owes much to（66） （it）green trees and straight bamboos. Growing on all slopes，they spread like a green sea，extending as far as the eyes can reach. At this moment，peaks after peaks covered（67） the white floating clouds became invisible now and then like a fantastic Chinese painting. The mild beams of sunlight rushed down through the thick（68） （leaf），kissing the ground. The waterfalls were seen falling from the rocks like white silky ribbons and the streams and birds were heard singing（69） （happy） in the woods and valleys. Travelling here，I couldn't help （70） （strike）by the wonderful natural scenery，feeling as if I were staying in a fairyland，forgetting to return home. 14 A visually-challenged man from Beijing recently hiked (徒步) 40 days to Xi’an, as a first step ___41___ (journey) the Belt and Road route (路线) by foot. On the 1,100. Kilometer journey, the man Cao Shengkang, ___42___ lost his eyesight at the age of eight in a car accident, crossed 40 cities and counties in three province. Inspired by the Belt and Road Forum for International Cooperation ___43___ (hold) in Beijing, Cao decided to cover the route by hiking as a tribute (致敬) to the ancient Silk Road. ___44___ friend of his, Wu Fan, volunteered to be his companion during the trip. Cao and Wu also collected garbage along the road, in order to promote environmental ___45___ (protect). Cao believes this will make the hiking trip even more ___46___ (meaning). The two of them collected more than 1,000 plastic bottles along the 40-day journey. In the last five days,Cao ___47___ (walk) through 34 countries in six continents, and in 2016, he reached the top of Kilimanjaro, Africa’s ___48___ (high) mountain. Now, Cao has started the second part of his dream to walk along the Belt and Road route. He flew 4, 700 kilometers ___49___ Xi’an to Kashgar on seat. 20, ___50___ (plan) to hike back to Xi’an in five months. 15 May 21st this year marks the first International Tea Day, which was named officially ___41___ the United Nations on November 27th, 2019. To celebrate ___42___ festival, a number of events took place at the Chinese Businessman Museum in Beijing on Thursday. The chairman of the China Culture Promotion Society ___43___ (address) the opening ceremony. “As a main promoter of the International Tea Day, the birthplace of tea and the ___44___ (large) tea-producing country, China has a ___45___ (responsible)to work with other countries to promote the healthy development of the tea industry. It can help to build a community with a ___46___ (share) future for mankind,” he said. The “First International Tea Day Tea Road Cooperative Initiative” issued (发布) at the ceremony calls for people working in the tea industry to come together to promote international cooperation ___47___ cultural exchanges. A four-year tea promotion —Tea Road Cooperative Plan—was also issued in accordance with the initiative. ___48___ (strengthen)the connection with young people, the event included a number of public promotional activities on social media, ___49___ (invite) twenty-nine tea professionals from around the world to have thirty-six hours of uninterrupted live broadcasts. The Chinese Ancient Tea Museum was officially unveiled (揭幕) at the ceremony, opening ____50____ (it)first exhibition: The Avenue of Truth—A Special Exhibition of Pu’er Tea. 16 Going to Mount Huangshan reminds me of the popular Beatles’ song“The Long and Winding Road”. ____56____is so breathtaking about the experience is the out-of-this-world scenes. The rolling sea of clouds you see once you are at the top will remind you how tiny we ____57____ (human) are. The hot spring at the foot of the mountain is something you must try after the climb. It will ____58____(undoubted) help you get refreshed! The amazing thing about the spring is that the colder the temperature gets, the ____59____ (hot) the spring! Strange, isn’t it? But that’s how nature is — always leaving us ____60____(astonish). What comes next is the endless series of steps. You can’t help wondering how hard it ____61____ (be) for the people then to put all those rocks into place. Though it is the only unnatural thing on your way up the mountain, still it highlights the whole adventure ____62____offers a place where you can sit down to rest your ____63____ (ache) legs. As the song goes, this long and winding road “will never disappear”, and it will always stick in the visitor’s memory. It sure does in ____64____(I).While you’re in China, Mount Huangshan is ____65____ must to visit! 17 China has become the first country to land a spacecraft on the far side of the moon. The unmanned Chang’e-4 probe (探测器) - the name was inspired by an ancient Chinese moon goddess 61. (touch) down last week in the South Pole-Aitken basin. Landing on the moon’s far side is 62. (extreme) challenging. Because the moon’s body blocks direct radio communication with a probe, China first had to put a satellite in orbit above the moon in a spot 63. it could send signals to the spacecraft and to Earth. The far side of the moon is of particular 64. (interesting) to scientists because it has a lot of deep craters (环形山)， more so 65. the familiar near side. Chinese researchers hope to use the instruments onboard Chang’e-4 66. (find) and study areas of the South Pole-Aitken basin. ＂This really excites scientists,＂ Carle Pieters, a scientist at Brown University, says, ＂because it 67. (mean) we have the chance to obtain information about how the moon 68. (construct)＂ Data about the moon’s composition, such as how 69. ice and other treasures it contains, could help China decide whether 70. (it) plans for a future lunar (月球的) base are practical. 18 The polar bear is found in the Arctic Circle and some big land masses as far south as Newfoundland. While they are rare north of 88°,there is evidence ___61___ they range all the way across the Arctic, and as far south as James Bay in Canada. It is difficult to figure out a global population of polar bears as much of the range has been ___62___ (poor) studied; however, biologists calculate that there are about 20,000-25,000 polar bears worldwide. Moder n methods ___63___ tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid-1980s, and are expensive ___64___ (perform) consistently over a large area. In recent years some Inuit people in Nunayut ___65___ (report) increases in bear sightings around human settlements, leading to a ___66___ (believe) that populations are increasing. Scientists have responded by ___67___ (note) that hungry bears may be congregating(聚集) around human settlements, leading to the illusion(错觉) that populations are ___68___ (high) than they actually are. Of ___69___ nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations, three are declining, six ___70___ (be) stable, one is increasing, and nine lack enough data. 19 Henry Tyler made the catch of the year on the weekend. When he ___1___(see) a young child hanging from a sixth-floor apartment balcony (阳台), Henry ran one hundred metres, jumped over a 1.2-metre fence, ___2___ held out his arms to catch the falling child. Eric Brown, only three years old, knocked Henry down when he fell. The boy ___3____(be) in the hospital and doctors say he'll be OK. The Brown family live in an apartment building outside Toronto. On ___4___ day of the accident, Mrs. Brown was at work and Eric was at home with his father. They both fell asleep while _____5____(watch) TV. Eric woke up a little later when he heard ____6___(child) playing outside. He pushed a chair onto the balcony, and climbed up to see them. When he looked down, he accidentally slipped and fell over the edge. He hung on ___7__ a few minutes and screamed his father, but his father didn't hear him. Henry was fixing his car ___8_____ he heard the screams. He looked up and saw Eric hanging from the balcony. He ____9____(quick) threw his tools aside, and started running, arms out. He saved my son’s life," said Mrs. Brown. "I don't know how ____10___(thank) him.” "I just didn't want the boy to be hurt," said Henry. 20 【2021年全国甲卷】The Xi'an City Wall is the most complete city wall that has survived China's long history. It ___41___ (build) originally to protect the city ___42___ the Tang dynasty and has now been completely restored (修复). It is possible ___43___ (walk) or bike the entire 14 kilometers. We accessed the wall through the South Gate. The wall is 12 meters high and from here you can see streams of people moving inside and outside the City Wall. After ___44___ (spend) some time looking at all the defensive equipment at the wall, we decided it was time for some action and what ___45___ (good) than to ride on a piece of history! We ___46___ (hire) our bikes from the rental place at the South Gate. My bike was old and shaky ___47___ did the job. It took us about 3 hours to go all ___48___ way around the Xi'an City Wall. Supposedly you can do it in two hours, but we stopped at the different gates and ___49___ (watchtower) to fake pictures or just to watch the local people going about their ____50____ (day) routines. 21 Deorating with Plants, Fruits and Flowers for Chinese New Year Chinese New Year is a 61. (celebrate) marking the end of the winter season and the beginning of spring. This is why decorating with plants, fruits and flowers 62. (carry) special significance. They represent the earth 63. (come) back to life and best wishes for new beginnings. These are some of the most popular in many parts of the country: Oranges: Orange trees are more 64. decoration; they are a symbol of good fortune and wealth. They make great gifs and you see them many times 65. (decorate) with red envelopes and messages of good fortune. Bamboo: Chinese love their “Lucky Bamboo” plants and you will see them often in their homes and office. 66. (certain) during the holiday period, this plant is a must. Bamboo plants are associated 67. health, abundance and a happy home. They are easy 68. (care) for and make great presents. Branches of Plum Blossoms (梅花): The 69. (beauty) long branches covered with pink-colored buds (蓓蕾) make fantastic decorations. The plum trees are 70. first to flower even as the snow is melting(融化). They represent the promise of spring and a renewal of life. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $