Unit5 Welcome to the unit - Reading 知识总结与拓展2025-2026学年译林版八年级英语上学期

该初中英语知识清单系统梳理了8A Unit 5从Lead-in到Reading的核心知识体系。围绕野生动物保护主题，从基础词汇如effort、wild的词性变化及多词组拓展入手，逐步过渡到“do you think”插入语、with复合结构等句型解析，再到even if让步状语从句等语法点，最后结合主题梳理相关词组表达，形成从词汇到句型再到语法应用的递进式学习支架。 知识链路以主题为线索，逻辑连贯，涵盖词汇系统拓展（如effort的5种核心词组、wild的多词性辨析）、句型深度剖析（with复合结构的6种形式及配套练习题）、语法精准对比（even if与even though的表格辨析）。通过例句、翻译练习和习题巩固，提升学生语言能力，培养对比分析的思维品质，同时提供词组归类和拓展方法，助力学习能力发展，适合单元整体教学使用。

8A Unit 5知识总结与拓展 【8A Unit 5 Lead-in --- Welcome to the unit】 【重难点知识精讲】 知识点1. learn about efforts to protect wild animals (P 64) 【词汇1】effort [词性词意] --- effortless , 例句如下: 1)The local clubs are making every effort to interest more young people. 地方俱乐部正在尽一切努力来吸引更多的年轻人。[词组: make efforts to do sth ] *2)The company has laid off 150 workers in an effort to save money. 公司为节省资金遣散了 150 名工人。[词组: in an effort to do sth ] 3)She put a lot of effort into organizing the party. 她为组织这次聚会投入了大量精力。 [词组: put much/a lot of effort into (doing) sth ] 4)The doctors spared no effort to save the patient. 医生们不遗余力地抢救病人。 [词组: spare no effort to do sth ] 5)He succeeded through his own efforts. 他通过自己的努力获得了成功。 [词组: through one’s (own) effort ] [答案]了解保护野生动物的努力; n.努力[CN]; adj.豪不费力的 1)努力做某事 2)为了做某事 3)投入大量精力做某事 4)不遗余力做某事 5)通过自己的努力 【词汇2】1)wild [词性词意] ---wildly e.g. It’s illegal to keep wild animals as pets in many countries. 在许多国家, 把野生动物当宠物养是违法的。 She looked wildly around for an escape. 她环顾四周, 拼命寻找逃路。 另外, wild还有以下常用的意思需要掌握 ①The island is a wild and lonely place. [wild ] ②The crowd went wild when their team scored the winning goal. 当他们的球队攻入制胜一球时, 人群变得疯狂起来。[wild 词组:go wild ] ③We couldn’t sail because of the wild weather. 因为天气恶劣, 我们无法航行。[wild 词组:the wild sea ] [答案]adj.野生的; adv.野生地; 失控地; 极其 ①adj.荒凉/芜的 ②adj.失控的, 疯狂的; 变得疯狂 ③(天气、海洋等)恶劣的, 狂暴的; 汹涌的大海 2)wild作名词时, 意为“ ”, 前面一定要加定冠词 the。词组:①in the wild ②the wilds of +地名: 指某个地方的偏远、荒芜地区 e.g. It’s rare to see these animals in the wild. 在野外很难看到这些动物。 They live in the wilds of Canada, miles from any town. 他们住在加拿大的荒野中, 离任何城镇都有数英里远。 [答案]n.野生状态, 自然环境; ①在野外 【拓展】wilderness n.荒野 e.g. They set out to explore the continent’s last great wilderness. 他们出发去该大陆上最后一块未开发的大荒原探险。 【翻译】1.直到她全力投入学习才明白成功的过程多么地艰难。 2.他的心脏跳着如此剧烈以至于他无法呼吸。 [答案] 1.She doesn’t understand how hard the process of the success is until she puts much effort into studying. 2.His heart beats so wildly that he can’t breathe. 知识点2. They’re among the smartest animals on earth. (P 65) [答案]它们是地球上最聪明的动物之一。 【词汇】among的相关用法 1)表示“ ”, 指某人或某物位于三个或三个以上的人或物的中间或包围之中。 e.g. I saw a familiar face among the crowd. 我在人群中看到了一张熟悉的面孔。 2)表示“ ”, 指某人或某物是某个群体的一部分。 e.g. Paris is among the most visited cities in the world. 巴黎是世界上最受欢迎的旅游城市之一。 [答案]1)在.......中间/之中; 2).......之一 【辨析】among vs. between ①among: 用于三个或三个以上的个体, 或者是一个群体、集体。强调“在其中”, 不突出个体。 ②between: 通常用于两个个体之间, 或者强调每个个体都被单独考虑(即使超过两个)。 【词组】on earth的词意用法 1)字面意义, 意为“世界上”、“人世间”。通常用于比较正式或文学性的语境中。 e.g. Is there life on earth beyond the polar regions? 在极地之外, 地球上还有生命吗? (作状语) It was one of the most beautiful places on earth. 那是世界上最美的地方之一。(作后置定语) 2)表示强调, 意为“究竟”、“到底”、“根本”, 这是“on earth”最常见的用法之一, 用于疑问词(who, what, when, where, why, how)之后, 以加强疑问的语气, 表达一种强烈的情绪, 如困惑、惊讶、愤怒、不耐烦等。 e.g. What on earth are you talking about? 你到底在说什么? (表困惑) Where on earth did you find that rare book? 你究竟是从哪儿找到那本珍本书的? (表惊讶) Why on earth would you do such a thing? 你到底为什么要做这种事? (表愤怒) 同义表达:用 the hell, in the world, the heck(更委婉)来替换 on earth, 意思基本相同。 【翻译】你认为谁会选择住在树林中的那座房子? [答案]Who do you think lives in that house among the forests? 知识点3. I like their team spirit. (P 65) 【讲解】spirit 的相关用法 ①You are underestimating the power of the human spirit to overcome difficulties. 你低估了人类克服困难的精神力量。 [spirit: ] ②They were all in good spirits as they set out. 他们一开始就精神振奋。 [spirit: 词组: ①in high/low spirits ②lift one’s spirits ] ③He is dead, but his spirit lives on. 他死了, 但他的灵魂将永存。[spirit: ] [答案] ①n.精神 ②n.情绪;心境[多用复数] 词组:①情绪高涨/低落 ②振奋某人的精神 ③n.灵魂 【拓展】spiritual adj.精神上的, 宗教的 词组: a spiritual leader宗教领袖 e.g. I consider myself to have deep spiritual values. 我认为自己具有深厚的精神价值观。 【翻译】当我们情绪低落时, 我们更愿意唱歌来鼓励彼此。 [答案]When we are in low spirits, we are more willing to sing to encourage each other. 知识点4. 词组表达: 1.更好地了解动物和人之间的关系 [答案]better understand the relationship between animals and humans 2.write a letter to humans on behalf of wild animals [答案]代表野生动物写一封信给人类 3.动物世界之王 [答案]the king of the animal world 4.群体活动 [答案]work as a group 【8A Unit 5 Reading】 【重难点知识精讲】 知识点1. Why do you think pandas are so popular? (P 66) What problems do you think pandas face in the wild? (P 66) 【词汇】popular --- adj.不受欢迎的 --- *popularity --- popularize [答案]adj.流行的, 受欢迎的; unpopular; n.流行,普及; v.(使)普及;宣扬 e.g. The use of case studies has become increasingly popular in higher education. 案例研究的使用在高等教育中越来越受欢迎。 He spent his life popularizing natural history. [答案]他毕生致力于普及博物学。 Her novels have gained popularity over recent years. 近年来她的小说渐受欢迎。 【句型】“do you think”作插入语的用法: “Do you think”作为一个插入语, 是英语中非常常见且地道的用法, 主要用于征询对方的意见或看法, 使语气变得更委婉、不具强制性。观察下面例句, 总结其结构特点: ①What time do you think he will arrive? ②Where do you think the best restaurant is? ③How much do you think it costs? ④Why do you think she left? 总结: [答案]特殊疑问词+do you think+主语+谓语+其他?(陈述语序) 【翻译】你认为是什么导致抖音在年轻人中如此受欢迎的呢? [答案]What do you think makes TikTok so popular among young people? 知识点2. Tiny, pink and quiet, with eyes closed. (P 66) 【单词】tiny [词性词意], 其反义词为: 。用法例句如下: e.g. A tiny bird was hopping on the windowsill. 一只小鸟在窗台上跳来跳去。 There’s a tiny chance of rain this afternoon. [答案]adj.极小的, 微小的; huge;今天下午下雨的可能性微乎其微。 【拓展】①a tiny bit: 一点点, 稍稍 (作副词, 修饰形容词或动词) e.g. I’m a tiny bit tired today. 我今天有点累。 *②tiny little: 非常小的 (重复以加强语气, 强调“小得可爱”或“小得可怜”） e.g. They live in a tiny little house by the river. 他们住在河边一栋非常小的房子里。 【辨析】1)tiny非常小, 极小。强调程度, 通常带有主观感情色彩（可爱、可怜、或令人惊讶)。反义词: huge, 【强调小得几乎看不见】 2)small尺寸、规模、数量上小。最客观、最中性的词, 仅描述事实, 常用于客观比较。反义:large, big【客观描述尺寸】 3)little小且可爱。带有强烈的主观感情色彩(喜爱、怜爱、亲切)。也常用于构成名词。反义词:big 【带有欣赏、喜爱的感情】 【结构】with 的复合结构 with的复合结构也叫with的独立主格结构, 其基本形式为: with +宾语+宾语补足语 这个结构就像一个简洁的句子: “带着/由于/在...的情况下(with)+某个对象(宾语)+处于某种状态(宾补)”。 ①He slept with the window open. 他开着窗户睡觉。[形容词作宾补] ②He left the room with all the lights on. 他离开了房间, 所有灯都开着。[副词作宾补] ③The woman walked in with a baby in her arms. 那位妇女抱着一个婴儿走了进来。[介词短语作宾补] ④With winter coming, it’s getting colder. 随着冬天来临,天气越来越冷。 [现在分词作宾补]---表示宾语是主动的或正在进行的动作 ⑤With the work finished, we all felt relieved. 工作完成后, 我们都松了一口气。 [过去分词作宾补]---表示宾语是被动的或已完成的动作。 ⑥With so much homework to do, I can’t go out tonight. 有这么多作业要做, 我今晚不能出去了。 [动词不定式作宾补]---表示将要发生的动作 【练习】1.The old man was taking a walk ______ his dog ______ behind him. A. with; followed B. with; following C. as; follow D. for; to follow 2.The murderer was brought in, . A. with his hands tying behind his back B. with his hands tied behind his back C. with his hands to be tied behind his back D. with his hands being tied behind his back [答案]1.B 2.B 知识点 3. We name her XiWang because it means “hope”(P 66 ) 【词汇1】name的相关用法 ①Please write your full name and address below. 请将您的姓名和地址写在下面。[name n.名字] ②The restaurant has a bad name for its poor service. 这家餐厅因服务差而名声不好。 [name 词组:have a good/bad name for... ] ③The bridge was named after a war hero. 这座桥是以一位战争英雄的名字命名的。 [name 词组:name...after.... ] ④I had no hesitation in naming him (as) captain. 我毫不犹豫地任命他为队长。[name ] [答案]②n.名声, 名誉; 因......有好/坏的名声 ③vt.命名 以.....命名...... ④v.任命 【拓展】①in the name of... [答案]以.......名义 In the name of the king, open the gate! ②You name it. [答案]凡是你能说出的 e.g.Chairs, tables, cabinets—you name it, she makes it. 【词汇2】mean的相关用法 1)mean --- n.意思 --- adj.有意义的 --- adj.无意义的 [答案]v.意思是;meaning;meaningful; meaningless 2)mean的相关用法 ①What does this sentence mean? = [mean v.意思是] ②This new order will mean working overtime. 这新订单一来, 我们就得加班加点。 [mean 词组: mean doing sth ] ③I’m sorry if I hurt you; I didn’t mean to. 如果我伤害了你, 我很抱歉; 我不是故意的。 [mean 词组: mean to do sth ] [答案]①What’s the meaning of the sentence? ②v.意味着; 意味要做某事 ③v.打算; 打算做某事 *④She’s always been mean with money. 她在花钱方面总是非常吝啬。[mean adj.吝啬的, 小气的] ⑤be meant to do sth:(1)理应做某事, 应该做某事(指责任或规定) (2)旨在, 意图是...... You are meant to show your passport at the check-in. 你应该在办理登机手续时出示护照。 This program is meant to help beginners. 这个项目旨在帮助初学者。 【翻译】你知道政府打算如何对待这些以英雄命名的树林吗? [答案]Do you know how the government will treat these forests named after heroes? 知识点4. She weighed over 35 kilograms.(P 66) 【词汇】1)weigh [词性词意] --- n.重量 --- adj.失重的 2)询问物体重量:① ② 词组表达:①减肥 ②增重 [答案]1)v.重, 重量为; weight; weightless 2)①What does/do sth weigh? ②What’s the weight of sth? 词组表达:①lose weight ②put on/gain weight 3)weigh的引申含义(阅读词汇含义) *①I need some time to weigh my options. 我需要一些时间来权衡我的选择。 [weigh v.权衡,慎重考虑] *②His opinion weighs heavily with the committee. 他的意见对委员会很有影响力。 [weigh vi.有影响, 常与with或against等介词连用, 指某个因素在决策中具有重要性。] 【翻译】在做出最终选择之前, 我不得不仔细权衡所有可能性。 [答案]Before making the final choice, I had to carefully weigh all the possibilities/chances. 知识点5.There is nothing more satisfying than seeing Xiwang grow into a big ball of fur. (P 23) 【词汇1】1)satisfying --- satisfied --- satisfy --- * n.满意 --- * n.不满 [答案]adj.令人满意的; adj.满意的, 满足的; v.使.....满意,满足; satisfaction; dissatisfaction 2)常用的词组表达:①对......满意 ②满足某人的需求 ③一次令人满意的经历 ④令某人满意地 ⑤满意地 [答案]①be satified with ②satisfy one’s need/demand ③a satisfying experience ④to one’s satisfaction ⑤with satisfaction A light snack won’t satisfy your hunger for long. 吃点小零食并不能长时间解决你的饥饿。 He passed the exam to his parents’ satisfaction. 他通过了考试, 令他的父母很满意。 【拓展】*satisfactory adj.合乎要求的, 可以的(常表示“刚达标”, 但并非出色) e.g. His grades are satisfactory, but he can do better. 他的成绩还算可以, 但他可以做得更好。 【词汇2】grow的相关用法总结 ①This tree won’t grow in poor soil. 这棵树在贫瘠的土壤里长不好。 [grow (其名词为: ) 词组:grow up grow into... ] ②This region grows the best coffee in the country. [grow ] ③The company’s profits grew by 20% last year. 公司去年的利润增长了20%。 [grow 词组:grow by grow to ] ④It was growing dark outside. [grow 词组:grow+adj. ] [答案]①vi.生长; growth; 长大; 长成 ②vt.种植 ③vi.增长; 增长了; 增长到 ④天色渐暗; linking v.逐渐变得/成为; 逐渐变得/成为...... 【拓展】相关词汇补充 1)growing​adj.增长的, 日益增加的 e.g. a growing problem 一个日益严重的问题 2)grown adj.成年的 e.g. a grown man 一个成年男子 3)grown-up n.成人 adj.成人的, 成熟的 e.g. The movie is for grown-ups. 这部电影是给成年人看的。 Try to be more grown-up. 表现得成熟点。 【翻译】1.你想要满足他们的需求, 多么地不可能啊! 2.你无法想象他是如何在那样艰苦的环境下生长的。 [答案]1.How impossible it is for you to want to satisfy their needs! [答案]2.You can’t imagine how he grew in such a hard environment. 知识点6. However, giant pandas inthe wild face serious problems. (P 67) 【词汇1】face 地相关用法 ①She has a smile on her face. 她脸上带着微笑。 He made a funny face to make the baby laugh. 他做了个鬼脸来逗宝宝笑。[face n.脸] [词组:1)面带微笑 ] [词组:2)做鬼脸 3)面对面 ] [答案]1)have a smile on one’s face/ with a smile on one’s face 2)make a (funny) face 3)face to face ②face n.表面 词组: 1)the north face of the mountain 山的北坡 2)on the face of the earth [答案]2)地球的表面 ③face n.面子 词组: 1)lose face 2)save face e.g. He didn’t want to lose face in front of his friends. 他不想在朋友面前丢面子。 ​[答案]1)丢脸 2)爱面子, 挽回面子 ④face vt.面对, 面向[后面可接人、物或者方向] 词组:be faced with ... = face ... ​ e.g. The house faces the sea. 这所房子面朝大海。 The window faces south. 窗户朝南。 [拓展]face up to sth e.g. He finally faced up tothe truth. 他终于正视了真相。 [答案]面对; 正式 【词汇2】serious --- adv.严肃地, 严重地 --- n.严重, 严肃 e.g. The earthquake caused serious damage. 地震造成了严重的破坏。 Smoking can seriously damage your health. 吸烟会严重损害你的健康。 He spoke with a seriousness that was unusual in him. 他说话时神情少有地认真。 [答案]adj.严肃的, 严重的; seriously; seriousness 【词组】①be serious about... e.g.You need to be serious about your studies. 【词组】②take sb/sth seriously e.g.I wish my parents would take my ideas seriously. 【词组】③in all seriousness (用作状语)非常严肃地, 说正经的 e.g. In all seriousness, this is a dangerous situation. 说正经的, 这是个危险的局面。 [答案]①对......严肃/认真 ②严肃/认真对待某人/物 【翻译】如果你当时认真对待考试, 也许你能取得高分。 [答案]If you took the exam/test seriously at that time, maybe/perhaps you could get high marks/grades. 知识点7. Even if baby pandas are born, they may esaily get sick and die.(P 67) 【讲解】even if的意思是“ ”。它用于引出一个假设性的、或可能不会发生的、或极端的情况，并说明在这种情况下, 主句所表达的情况依然成立或不会改变。另外它符合“主将从现”原则。例句: I will go for a walk even if it rains. 即使下雨, 我也要去散步。 The plan will not change even if he comes to the meeting. 即使他来开会, 计划也不会改变。 [答案]即使, 纵然, 哪怕 【辨析】even if与even though even if​ even though 核心含义​ “即使”(假设性让步) “尽管”(事实性让步) 从句情况 假设的、未知的、未必发生的 已知的、真实的、已发生的 语气重点 强调假设和极端情况 强调出乎意料的对比 例句 Even if I have time, I won’t go. Even though I have time, I won’t go. 例句解析 说话人暗示自己“很可能没有时间”。(“有时间”是假设。) 说话人承认自己“确实有时间”这个事实。 ​​ 简单总结:用even though时, 从句说的是事实。 用 even if时, 从句说的是假设或未知情况。 【词汇】die的相关用法总结 1)die --- n.死亡 --- dead --- dying --- *deadly [答案]v.死亡; death; adj.死的;adj.将/垂死的; adj.致命的 2)常用词组:①die of / die from: 死于... 传统区别: die of: 多指死于疾病、饥饿、衰老等内在原因。 e.g. He died of cancer. 他死于癌症。 传统区别: die from: 多指死于外伤、事故、过量等外部原因。 e.g. He died from a car accident. 他死于一场车祸。 (现代用法: 这种区别已变得模糊, 常可互换, 但 die of仍更常用于疾病。) ②die out e.g. Many species are in danger of dying out. ③die away e.g. The sound of their footsteps died away. *④be dying to do sth / for sth e.g. I’m dying to know what happened. [答案]②灭绝, 消亡 ③(尤指声音、光、风)逐渐消失 ④渴望做某事/某物(informal) 【翻译】1.哪怕只有一线希望, 我们也要尽力而为而不是选择放弃。 2.由于没有采取行动保护, 许多古老的习俗正在逐渐消失。 [答案]1.Even if there is only a slim hope, we must try our best instead of choosing to give up. [答案]2.Many old/ancient customs are dying out as a result of not taking action to protect them. 知识点8. As a result, pandas may not have a place to live or enough food to eat. (P 67) 【词汇】result的相关用法总结 ①What was the result of your interview? 你面试的结果如何? [result 词组:1)as a result 2)as a result of ] [答案]n.结果;1)因此(用法:As a rsult, 句子(表结果))’ 2)由于, 因为(用法:后接表原因的名词词组) ②His success resulted from years of hard work. 他的成功是多年努力的结果。 His carelessness resulted in an accident. 他的粗心导致了一场事故。 [result 词组:1)result from 2)result in ] [答案]v.导致,造成；1)由......引起, 是......的结果 2)引起; 导致 【翻译】据说他的健康问题是由于长期压力造成的。 [答案]It’s said that his health problems resulted from long-term stress. 知识点9. There are laws to protect gaint pandas and more nature reserves for them to live in. (P 67) 【词汇1】protect的相关用法总结 1)protect --- n.保护 --- n.保护人 --- adj.保护的, 防护的 --- *protected [答案]vt.保护; protection; protector; protective; adj.受到保护的 2)常用词组:①protect sb/sth from/against sth [答案]保护某人/物免受....... e.g.Wear a hat to protect yourself from the sun. 戴顶帽子以防晒。 2)常用词组:②under the protection of... [答案]在.......的保护下 e.g.These people remain under the protection of the United Nations. 这些人仍然受到联合国的保护。 【词汇2】reserve的其他常用词意用法 ①The country has the world’s largest reserves of coal. 该国拥有世界上最大的煤炭储量。 [reserve n.储备, 储量] ②I’d like to reserve a table for two for 7 o’clock. 我想预订一张今晚7点两人桌。 [reserve v.预定] ③We need to reserve some budget for unexpected expenses. 我们需要预留些预算以备不时之需。 [reserve v.保留] 【拓展】①with reserve 有保留地, 谨慎地 e.g. He accepted the plan with reserve. 他有保留地接受了这个计划。 ②without reserve 毫无保留地, 坦率地 e.g. I trust you without reserve. 我完全信任你 【翻译】在我看来, 我们应该立即采取行动保护古老的建筑免受破坏。 [答案]In my opinion/From my point of view, we should take action at once to protect old/ancient buildings from/against damage 知识点10. Thanks to all the efforts, the number of gaint padas is increasing. (P 67) 【词组1】①thanks to ②thanks for doing sth [答案]①多亏, 由于 ②因做某事感谢你 【词组2】①the number of .... ②a number of e.g. The number of students in our school is increasing. 我们学校学生的数量正在增加。 A number of students in my class are ill today. 我班上许多学生今天生病了。 [答案]①......的数量(做主语, 谓语动词用单数, 用big/small/large形容数量) ②大量, 许多 【词汇】increase的用法总结 ①The population increases rapidly. 人口增长迅速。 They decided to increase the price by 10%. 他们决定提价10%。 [increase 词组:increase by... increase (from...) to... ] [答案]v.增加/长; 增长了; 增长到 ②The boss expects an increase in productivity. 老板期望生产效率能提高。 [increase 词组:an increase in sth on the increase ] [e.g. Crime is on the increase in this area. 这个地区的犯罪率正在上升。] [答案]n.增加/长; 某方面的增长; 正在增加, 在增长中 【拓展】相关词汇补充 ①increasing adj.越来越多的, 日益增长的 e.g. There is increasing concern about climate change. 人们对气候变化的担忧与日俱增。 ②increasingly adv.日益, 越来越 e.g. It has become increasingly difficult to find a job. 找工作变得越来越难。 ③decrease v./n.减少 e.g. This species of bird is decreasing in numbers every year. 这种鸟的数量在逐年减少。 【翻译】随着环境日益变差, 人类正在积极寻找其他可以居住的星球。 [答案]As the environment becomes increasingly worse, humans are actively looking for another planet that [答案]can live on. 知识点11. 词组表达: 1.read an article by a panda keeper [答案]读一篇熊猫饲养员的文章 [拓展]同义表达: 1)read an article written by a panda keeper (过去分词作后置定语, 修饰article) 2)read an article which/that is written by a panda keeper (which, that引导的定语从句) 2.她的出生 [拓展]在出生时 [答案]her birth; at birth = when sb was/were born 3.给我们带来很多欢乐 [答案]bring much happiness to us 4.一开始 [拓展]在.......的开始 [答案]in the beginning; at the beginning of... 5.给她全天候的照顾 [答案]give her round-the-clock care 6.在六个月大时 7.开始吃竹子 [答案]6.at six months old 7.begin to eat bamboo 8.半年后 [拓展]两个半月: [答案]8.half a year later; two months and a half = two and a half months 9.照顾她自己 = [答案]look after her self = take care of herself 10.主要以竹子为食 11.采取行动做某事 [答案]10.live mainly on bamboo 11.take action(s) to do sth = act to do sth 12.需要我们的保护 [答案]need our protection 13.中国政府对于保护大熊猫的努力 [答案]China’s efforts to protect giant pandas 14.告诉你的同学关于大熊的成长过程 [答案]tell your classmates about the growth process of the giant pandas [注:process n.过程 v.加工处理] 4 第 1 页 共 3 页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $