精品解析：河南省郑州市第一中学2025-2026学年高二上学期期中考试英语试题

2025-2026学年上学期期中考试 27届高二（英语）试题 说明：1. 本试卷分第Ⅰ卷（选择题）和第Ⅱ卷（非选择题），满分150分。 2. 考试时间：120分钟。 3. 将第Ⅰ卷的答案代表字母填（涂）在答题卡上。 第Ⅰ卷（选择题，共95分） 第一部分 听力（共两节，满分30分） 第一节（共5小题：每小题15分，满分7.5分） 听下面5段对话，每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。 1. Where does the conversation probably take place? A In a supermarket. B. In the post office. C. In the street. 2. What did Carl do? A. He designed a medal. B. He fixed a TV set. C. He took a test. 3. What does the man do? A. He’s a tailor. B. He’s a waiter. C. He’s a shop assistant. 4. When will the fight arrive? A. At 18:20. B. At 18:35. C. At 18:50. 5. How can the man improve his article? A. By deleing unnecessary words. B. By adding a couple of points. C. By correcting grammar mistakes. 第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分） 听下面5段对话或独白. 每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。 听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。 6. What does Bill often do on Friday night? A. Visit his parents. B. Go to the movies. C. Walk along Broadway. 7. Who watches musical plays most often? A. Bill. B. Sarah. C. Bill’s parents. 听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。 8. Why does David want to speak to Mike? A. To invite him to a party. B. To discuss a schedule. C. To call off a meeting. 9. What do we know about the speakers? A. They are colleagues. B. They are close friends. C. They’ve never met before. 听第8段材料。回答第10至12. 题。 10. What kind of camera does: the man want? A. A TV camera. B. A video camera. C. A movie camera. 11. Which function is the man most interested in? A. Underwater filming. B. A large memory. C. Auto focus. 12. How much: would the man pay for the second camera? A. 950 euros. B. 650 euros. C. 470 euros. 听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。 13. Who is Clifford? A. A little girl. B. The man’s pet C. A fictional character. 14. Who suggested that Norman paint for children’s books? A. His wife. B. Elizabeth. C. A publisher. 15. What is Norman’s story based on? A A book. B. A painting. C. A young woman. 16. What is it that shocked Norman? A. His unexpected success. B. His efforts made in vain. C. His editor’s disagreement. 听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。 17. Who would like to make small talk according to the speaker? A. Relatives. B. Strangers. C. Visitors. 18. Why do people have small talk? A. To express opinions. B. To avoid arguments. C. To show friendliness. 19. Which of the following is a frequent topic in small talk? A. Politics. B. Movies. C. Salaries. 20. What does the speaker recommend at the end of his lecture? A. A. skiing open-ended questions. B. Feeling free to change topics. C. Making small talk interesting. 第二部分 阅读（共两节，满分50分） 第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 A La Tomatina is a food fight festival held on the last Wednesday of August each year in the town of Bunol close to Valencia in Spain. It is claimed to be the biggest food fight in the world. What Happens at La Tomatina At around 11 am, many trucks carry more than one hundred tons of over- ripe tomatoes into the centre of the town, Plaza del Pueblo. Technically the festival does not begin until one brave soul has climbed to the top of a two-story-high wooden pole and reached the ham at the top. In practice this process takes a long time and the festival starts despite no one reaching the prize. The signal for the beginning of the fight is the firing of a water gun. After one hour the fighting ends and the cleaning process begins. The Rules of La Tomatina Do not bring bottles or hard objects as they can cause accidents and hurt other participants; Do not tear other people’s T-shirts; You must squeeze (捏碎) the tomatoes before throwing them; As soon as you hear the second shot of the water gun, you must stop throwing tomatoes. Useful Advice Wear old shoes and clothes that you do not mind throwing away afterwards. They will most likely end up damaged or incredibly dirty; Don’t wear slippers. You may get hurt, or you could lose them easily during the battle; If you are not from Bunol, and you want to stay overnight, don’t forget to look for and secure accommodation in advance. Stay safe and enjoy the festivities as much as possible! 1. What can we learn about La Tomatina? A. It is an annual event. B. It takes place in Valencia. C. It lasts for a whole day. D. It hands out hams as prizes. 2. Which of the following signals the beginning of the fight in practice? A. The arrival of the tomatoes. B. The takedown of the ham. C. The firing of a water gun. D. The set up of the wooden pole. 3. What should participants avoid doing during the fight? A. Touching each other. B. Taking soft objects with them. C. Wearing shoes and T- shirts. D. Throwing unsqueezed tomatoes. 【答案】1. A 2. C 3. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章详细介绍了西班牙布诺尔小镇特有的节日活动——拉托马蒂纳（La Tomatina）食物大战，包括活动的举办时间、地点、活动内容、规则以及参加活动的实用建议等。 【1题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第一段“La Tomatina is a food fight festival held on the last Wednesday of August each year in the town of Bunol close to Valencia in Spain. (La Tomatina是一场食物大战节日，每年8月的最后一个星期三在西班牙瓦伦西亚附近的Bunol小镇举行)”可知，La Tomatina一个每年举行的活动。故选A。 【2题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第二段“The signal for the beginning of the fight is the firing of a water gun. After one hour the fighting ends and the cleaning process begins.(战斗开始的信号是水枪的发射。一个小时后，战斗结束，清洁工作随即开始。)”可知，水枪的发射实际上标志着战斗的开始。故选C。 【3题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章The Rules of La Tomatina部分中的“You must squeeze(捏碎)the tomatoes before throwing them(你必须在扔西红柿之前将它们捏碎)”可知，参与者应该避免扔未捏碎的西红柿。故选D。 B I have a special place in my heart for libraries. I have for as long as I can remember. I was always an enthusiastic reader, sometimes reading up to three books a day as a child. Stories were like air to me and while other kids played ball or went to parties, I lived out adventures through the books I checked out from the library. My first job was working at the Ukiah Library when I was 16 years old .It was a dream job and I did everything from shelving books to reading to the children for story time. As I grew older and became a mother, the library took on a new place and an added meaning in my life. I had several children and books were our main source(来源) of entertainment. It was a big deal for us to load up and go to the local library, where my kids could pick out books to read or books they wanted me to read to them. I always read ,using different voices ,as though I were acting out the stories with my voice and they loved it !It was a special time to bond with my children and it filled them with the wonderment of books . Now, I see my children taking their children to the library and I love that the excitement of going to the library lives on from generation to generation. As a novelist, I’ve found a new relationship with libraries. I encourage readers to go to their local library when they can’t afford to purchase a book. I see libraries as a safe haven(避风港) for readers and writers, a bridge that helps put together a reader with a book. Libraries, in their own way, help fight book piracy(盗版行为) and 1 think all writers should support libraries in a significant way when they can. Encourage readers to use the library. Share library announcements on your social media. Frequent them and talk about them when you can. 4. Which word best describes the author’s relationship with books as a child? A. Cooperative. B. Uneasy. C. Inseparable. D. Casual. 5. What does the underlined phrase “an added meaning” in paragraph 3 refer to? A. Pleasure from working in the library. B. Joy of reading passed on in the family. C. Wonderment from acting out the stories. D. A closer bond developed with the readers. 6. What does the author call on other writers to do? A. Sponsor book fairs. B. Write for social media. C. Support libraries. D. Purchase her novels. 7. Which can be a suitable title for the text? A. Reading: A Source of Knowledge B. My Idea about writing C. Library: A Haven for the Young D. My Love of the Library 【答案】4. C 5. B 6. C 7. D 【解析】 【分析】本文是夹叙夹议文。文章讲述了作者是一个热情的读者，孩提时热衷读书，第一份工作在图书馆。有了孩子以后，一家人去图书馆读书，阅读的习惯代代传承下去。作为小说家，作者呼吁其他作家支持图书馆，宣传图书馆。 【4题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段的 I was always an enthusiastic reader，sometimes reading up to three books a day as a child. Stories were like air to me and while other kids played ball or went to parties. I lived out adventures through the books I checked out from the library.(我一直是一个热情的读者，孩提时，有时候每天读多达三本书。故事对我来说就像空气，而其他孩子则打球或参加聚会。我通过从图书馆借阅来的书籍经历冒险)可推断，作者小时候与书是密不可分的。故选C。 【5题详解】 词句猜测题。根据上文As I grew older and became a mother可知，我长大了成了一位母亲，结合下文I had several children and books were our main source (来源) of entertainment. It was a big deal for us to load up and go to the local library, where my kids could pick out books to read or books they wanted me to read to them(我有几个孩子，书是我们娱乐的主要来源。对于我们来说，坐上车去当地的图书馆是件大事，在那里我的孩子们可以挑选要阅读的书或者想让我给他们读的书)可推断，作者成了母亲以后，带着孩子去图书馆，孩子挑选书籍来阅读，或者作者读给他们听，因此可知图书馆在作者的生活中又增添了新的意义，阅读的乐趣在家庭中代代相传”。故选B。 【6题详解】 细节理解题。根据最后一段的I think all writers should support libraries in a significant way when they can. Encourage readers to use the library. Share library announcements on your social media. Frequent them and talk about them when you can.( 我认为所有的作家都应该在他们可以的时候以有意义的方式支持图书馆。鼓励读者使用图书馆。在社交媒体上分享图书馆公告。可以的时候常去图书馆，谈论图书馆)可知，作者呼吁其他的作家们支持图书馆。故选C。 【7题详解】 主旨大意题。纵观全文可知，文章讲述了作者是一名热情地读者，孩提时喜欢阅读，工作在图书馆。有了孩子以后，一家人去图书馆读书，阅读的习惯代代传承下去，作为小说家，作者呼吁其他作家支持图书馆，宣传图书馆。因此推断全文围绕“作者对图书馆的爱”展开讲述。故D项“我对图书馆的爱”为最佳标题。故选D。 C Concrete (混凝土) is the world’s most used material after water. Because it already surrounds us in the built environment, researchers have been exploring the idea of using concrete to store electricity — turning buildings into giant batteries. The idea has been gaining ground as we have come to increasingly rely on renewable energy from the wind and sun: rechargeable batteries are necessary when the wind dies down or darkness falls. Experimental concrete batteries have only managed to hold a small part of what a traditional battery does. But one team now reports that it has developed a rechargeable original model that could represent a more than 10 times increase in stored charge, compared with earlier attempts. A live-in concrete battery might sound unlikely. Still, “you can make a battery out of a potato,” notes Aimee Bynne. In a future where sustainability is key, she likes the idea of buildings that avoid waste by providing shelter and powering electronics. According to Emma, the study co-author, although the new design stores more than 10 times as much power as earlier attempts: 200 square meters of it “can provide about 8 percent of the daily electricity consumption of a typical U. S. home”, this is not enough to compete with today’s rechargeable devices. “We’re getting milliamps out of concrete batteries — we’re not getting amps (安培),” Bynne, a structural engineer at Technological University Dublin, says, “we’re getting hours rather than days of charge.” But she adds that “concrete batteries are completely in their childhood, compared to other battery designs”. The earliest batteries were large and heavy. Researchers experimented with new materials and designs for more than a century to develop today’s small devices. Bynne suggests concrete-based energy storage could undergo a similar evolution. “The whole idea is that we’re looking far into the future,” she says, “we’re playing the long game with it.” 8. Why have researchers been exploring the use of concrete? A. Because concrete is far lighter. B. Because concrete is widely present. C. Because concrete is much cheaper. D. Because concrete can be easily transported. 9. What does Bynne want to show by mentioning the potato? A. Only food-related materials can be made into batteries. B. Potato batteries are more efficient than concrete batteries. C. Potatoes are the most commonly-used material for batteries. D. Materials that seem ordinary can be used for battery-making. 10. What is the property of the new concrete battery? A. It can power a U. S. home for days. B. It produces large amps of electricity. C. It stores over 10 times more charge than before. D. It is as efficient as traditional batteries. 11. What does Bynne think of concrete batteries? A. They need more advancement. B. They require simple technology. C. They can beat modern batteries. D. They have a narrow application. 【答案】8. B 9. D 10. C 11. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了研究人员探索利用混凝土储存电能的研究进展及前景。 【8题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段中“Because it already surrounds us in the built environment, researchers have been exploring the idea of using concrete to store electricity — turning buildings into giant batteries.(因为混凝土已经在我们的建筑环境中随处可见，研究人员一直在探索利用混凝土储存电能的想法——将建筑物变成巨大的电池。)”可知，研究人员探索利用混凝土是因为混凝土在我们的建筑环境中随处可见，即混凝土广泛存在。故选B。 【9题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段中“A live-in concrete battery might sound unlikely. Still, “you can make a battery out of a potato,” notes Aimee Bynne.(一个可以居住的混凝土电池听起来不太可能。不过，“你可以用土豆做一个电池，”Aimee Bynne指出。)”可知，Bynne提到土豆电池作类比是为了说明看似普通的材料也可以用来制造电池。故选D。 【10题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段中“But one team now reports that it has developed a rechargeable original model that could represent a more than 10 times increase in stored charge, compared with earlier attempts.(但现在有一个团队报告称，他们已经开发出一种可充电的原始模型，与之前的尝试相比，这种模型可以增加超过10倍的存储电量。)”可知，新型混凝土电池的存储电量比之前增加了10倍以上。故选C。 【11题详解】 推理判断题。根据第四段中“But she adds that “concrete batteries are completely in their childhood, compared to other battery designs”.(但她补充说，“与其他电池设计相比，混凝土电池还完全处于起步阶段。”)”可知，Bynne认为混凝土电池还需要更多的发展。故选A。 D The unfortunate thing about parenting books is that, in my experience, once you become a parent you are too time-poor and tired to read them. As a result, my bedside table is filled with parenting books of which I’ve read the first five pages a dozen times before passing out. If this sounds like you, the latest book by Melinda Wenner Moyer should be top of your list. Hello, Cruel World!: Science-based strategies for raising terrific kids in terrifying times is designed as a research-backed guide to help parents equip their children with the tools they need to succeed. The chapters of this book are short and readable, broken down into bite-sized sections, each giving you one piece of advice and the science to back it up. Moyer shows a lot of understanding and can help you take a kid’s-eye view on even their most annoying behaviors. How can we get children to be more open, fair-minded and willing to consider other viewpoints? One way is to encourage curiosity and uncertainty from a young age. Children, as we know, are like young scientists. “One of their most important jobs is to make sense of the world around them,” writes Moyer. This curiosity can often conflict with an adult’s desire to get things done. “When you ask your children to clean their room, then find them thirty minutes later studying an insect in the bathroom…it’s easy to dismiss their behavior as disobedience (不服从).” Their seemingly distracted (分心的) behavior is actually a natural part of their learning process. Parents should respond with empathy (同理心) and support rather than criticism. The book also addresses important issues like the impact of technology on children. Moyer challenges common misconceptions and provides practical advice on when and how to introduce mobile phones and social media to kids. Her insights help parents deal with these complex topics with a balanced and informed opinion. 12. Why do many parents fail to finish reading parenting books? A. They lack time and energy. B. They lose interest in reading. C. They find the books to be of poor quality. D. They prioritize practical tasks over reading. 13. What is the feature of Hello, Cruel World!? A. Theoretical. B. Science-backed. C. Complicated. D. Experience-based. 14. What should parents do when their children are studying an insect? A. Dismiss their behaviors. B. Correct their distraction. C. Encourage their curiosity. D. Ask them to follow instructions. 15. What is this text? A. A book review. B. A writing guide. C. A parenting paper. D. A science report. 【答案】12. A 13. B 14. C 15. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了Melinda Wenner Moyer的新书Hello, Cruel World!: Science-based strategies for raising terrific kids in terrifying times。 【12题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段“The unfortunate thing about parenting books is that, in my experience, once you become a parent you are too time-poor and tired to read them.(关于育儿书籍的不幸之处在于，根据我的经验，一旦你成为了父母，你就会因为时间太紧、太累而无法阅读它们)”可知，许多父母没有读完育儿书籍是因为他们缺乏时间和精力。故选A。 【13题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段“Hello, Cruel World!: Science-based strategies for raising terrific kids in terrifying times is designed as a research-backed guide to help parents equip their children with the tools they need to succeed.(Hello, Cruel World!: Science-based strategies for raising terrific kids in terrifying times是一本以科学研究为支撑的育儿指南，旨在帮助父母为孩子提供成功所需的工具)”可知，Hello, Cruel World!这本书的特点是以科学研究为支撑，故选B。 【14题详解】 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Parents should respond with empathy (同理心) and support rather than criticism.(父母应该用同理心和支持来回应，而不是批评)”可知，当孩子在研究昆虫时，父母应该鼓励他们的好奇心。故选C。 【15题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二段“If this sounds like you, the latest book by Melinda Wenner Moyer should be top of your list. Hello, Cruel World!: Science-based strategies for raising terrific kids in terrifying times is designed as a research-backed guide to help parents equip their children with the tools they need to succeed. The chapters of this book are short and readable, broken down into bite-sized sections, each giving you one piece of advice and the science to back it up. Moyer shows a lot of understanding and can help you take a kid’s-eye view on even their most annoying behaviors.(如果你也有同感，那么Melinda Wenner Moyer的新书应该成为你的首选。她的新书Hello, Cruel World!: Science-based strategies for raising terrific kids in terrifying times是一本以科学研究为支撑的育儿指南，旨在帮助父母为孩子提供成功所需的工具。这本书的章节简短易读，被拆分成一个个小版块，每个版块给出一条建议，并附上科学依据。莫耶非常善解人意，能让你从孩子的角度看待他们那些最令人恼火的行为)”可知，本文主要介绍了Melinda Wenner Moyer的新书Hello, Cruel World!: Science-based strategies for raising terrific kids in terrifying times，因此是一篇书评，故选A。 第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分） 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Why Do Electric Vehicles Make People More Carsick? With electric vehicles (EVs) gaining significant popularity globally — accounting for 22% of new car sales in 2024 — many passengers report experiencing increased motion sickness compared to traditional vehicles. Social media platforms are filled with such personal experiences, particularly from those riding in passenger or back seats. ___16___ A primary reason for this phenomenon is the lack of familiarity with EV motion patterns. As William Emond, a PhD researcher in France specializing in motion sickness, explains, people’s brains heavily depend on past experiences to predict and interpret motion. ___17___ For instance, experienced drivers naturally expect acceleration after hearing engine revs in fuel-powered cars, but EVs operate without such familiar auditory signals. ___18___ Recent research indicates that specific seat vibrations and the complete absence of traditional engine noise in EVs contribute significantly to motion discomfort. Furthermore, the regenerative braking systems — innovative technology that transforms kinetic energy (动能) into battery power — cause an unusually gradual slowdown. ___19___ Beyond this, motion sickness fundamentally occurs when the brain receives contradictory sensory signals about body movement. The inner ear, visual cues, and physical sensations send mixed messages to the brain, creating what experts call a “neural mismatch”. ___20___ This mechanism explains why drivers themselves rarely experience carsickness — they control and predict the vehicle’s movements. A. Such long-term conflict can trigger motion sickness symptoms. B Another contributing factor is that EV-specific features add to the problem. C. Some manufacturers are improving suspension systems to minimize vibrations. D. Drivers usually don’t experience carsickness due to their control over the vehicle. E. This technology lengthens the stopping process and may worsen feelings of sickness. F. Without previous EV experience, the brain has to struggle to estimate forces accurately. G. In regard to this phenomenon, researchers have identified several scientific explanations. 【答案】16. G 17. F 18. B 19. E 20. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章探讨了电动汽车比传统汽车更易让人晕车的原因，从人们对电动汽车运动模式不熟悉、电动汽车的特定特征，以及大脑接收矛盾感官信号引发“神经不匹配”等方面进行了科学解释。 【16题详解】 根据前文“With electric vehicles (EVs) gaining significant popularity globally — accounting for 22% of new car sales in 2024 — many passengers report experiencing increased motion sickness compared to traditional vehicles. Social media platforms are filled with such personal experiences, particularly from those riding in passenger or back seats. (随着电动汽车在全球范围内大受欢迎——2024年占新车销量的22%——许多乘客表示，与传统汽车相比，他们晕车的情况更严重了。社交媒体平台上充斥着这样的个人经历，尤其是那些坐在副驾驶或后座的人)”可知，前文引出了电动汽车易让人晕车的现象，此处应引出对该现象的科学解释。G选项“In regard to this phenomenon, researchers have identified several scientific explanations. (关于这一现象，研究人员已经找到了一些科学解释)”起到承上启下的作用，符合语境。故选G项。 【17题详解】 根据前文“A primary reason for this phenomenon is the lack of familiarity with EV motion patterns. As William Emond, a PhD researcher in France specializing in motion sickness, explains, people’s brains heavily depend on past experiences to predict and interpret motion. (这种现象的一个主要原因是人们对电动汽车的运动模式不熟悉。法国专门研究晕动病的博士研究员威廉·埃蒙德解释说，人们的大脑严重依赖过去的经验来预测和解读运动)”可知，此处是在说明因缺乏电动汽车相关经验，大脑难以应对。F选项“Without previous EV experience, the brain has to struggle to estimate forces accurately. (没有以往电动汽车的经验，大脑难以准确估算力量)”解释了因为缺乏相关经验，大脑难以应对，与前文逻辑连贯，符合语境。故选F项。 【18题详解】 根据后文“Recent research indicates that specific seat vibrations and the complete absence of traditional engine noise in EVs contribute significantly to motion discomfort. (最近的研究表明，电动汽车特有的座椅振动和传统引擎噪音的完全缺失是导致运动不适的重要原因)”可知，此处是在说电动汽车的特定特征加剧了晕车问题。B选项“Another contributing factor is that EV-specific features add to the problem. (另一个促成因素是电动汽车的特定特征加剧了这个问题)”能很好地总领该部分内容，符合语境。故选B项。 【19题详解】 根据前文“Furthermore, the regenerative braking systems — innovative technology that transforms kinetic energy (动能) into battery power — cause an unusually gradual slowdown. (此外，再生制动系统——将动能转化为电池能量的创新技术——会导致异常平缓的减速)”可知，此处是在解释再生制动系统对晕车的影响。E选项“This technology lengthens the stopping process and may worsen feelings of sickness. (这项技术延长了停车过程，可能会加剧恶心感)”进一步说明了该技术的影响，符合语境。故选E项。 【20题详解】 根据前文“Beyond this, motion sickness fundamentally occurs when the brain receives contradictory sensory signals about body movement. The inner ear, visual cues, and physical sensations send mixed messages to the brain, creating what experts call a “neural mismatch”. (除此之外，晕动病从根本上说是当大脑接收到关于身体运动的矛盾感官信号时发生的。内耳、视觉线索和身体感觉向大脑传递混合信息，形成了专家们所说的“神经不匹配”)”可知，此处是在说明“神经不匹配”会引发晕车症状。A选项“Such long-term conflict can trigger motion sickness symptoms. (这种长期的冲突会引发晕车症状)”说明这种“神经不匹配”（长期冲突）会导致晕车，符合逻辑，且与后文解释司机很少晕车的原因相呼应。故选A项。 第三部分 语言运用（共两节，满分30分） 第一节 完形填空（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 One afternoon in Sierra Leone’s Bombali District, my jeep passed fields where children harvested crops. ____21____, I approached a tall, thin teenager working hard under the blazing sun. “Shouldn’t you be in class?” I asked, noticing the pencil behind his ear. Issa, 16, ____22____ his forehead with a worn-out sleeve. “The school building ____23____ after the rains,” he explained. “Without walls, we take turns ____24____ under a mango tree when the teacher comes.” His words ____25____ Sierra Leone’s contradiction in education. While the government ____26____ school fees in 2018 and built hundreds of new schools, many still need repairs. About 32% of children here still ____27____ primary school — though down from 62% a decade ago. “Last month,” Issa ____28____, “they gave us textbooks”, making a ____29____ to his barefoot sisters. “But no shoes means no school.” Later, at a UNICEF center, I saw ____30____ in action: solar lamps, shared notebooks, mobile libraries reaching ____31____ villages. National enrollment rose from 1.2 million to 2.1 million since ____32____ began. Girls’ attendance jumped by 37%, with programs like free lunches helping stop kids from leaving school due to ____33____. As I left, Issa’s sisters in tire-sandals (凉鞋) were ____34____ a book bicycle. Their laughter showed the ____35____ of Sierra Leone’s education change: every child’s right to learn. 21. A. Worried B. Angry C. Excited D. Curious 22. A. wiped B. wrapped C. covered D. patted 23. A. leaked B. collapsed C. sank D. cracked 24. A. playing B. arguing C. sleeping D. studying 25. A. recalled B. replied C. revealed D. reacted 26. A. ended B. doubled C. delayed D. calculated 27. A. miss B. skip C. finish D. hate 28. A. apologized B. continued C. whispered D. committed 29. A. promise B. speech C. change D. gesture 30. A. problems B. solutions C. debates D. failures 31. A. wealthy B. crowded C. remote D. dangerous 32. A. challenges B. reforms C. meetings D. researches 33. A. boredom B. conflicts C. diseases D. poverty 34. A. fixing up B. looking for C. running after D. getting on 35. A. truth B. hope C. secret D. success 【答案】21. D 22. A 23. B 24. D 25. C 26. A 27. A 28. B 29. D 30. B 31. C 32. B 33. D 34. C 35. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。本文通过作者在塞拉利昂邦巴利区偶遇16岁少年伊萨的经历，揭示了该国教育存在的矛盾。同时，文章也展现了联合国儿童基金会等机构采取的解决方案以及教育改革带来的积极变化。 【21题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：出于好奇，我走近了一个在炎炎烈日下辛苦劳作的高高瘦瘦的少年。A. Worried担心的；B. Angry生气的；C. Excited兴奋的；D. Curious好奇的。根据下文““Shouldn’t you be in class?” I asked”可知，作者询问这个少年是出于好奇。故选D。 【22题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：16岁的伊萨用破旧的衣袖擦了擦额头。A. wiped擦；B. wrapped包裹；C. covered覆盖；D. patted轻拍。根据上文“working hard under the blazing sun.”和下文“his forehead with a worn-out sleeve”可知，少年用破旧的袖子擦了擦额头。故选A。 【23题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：“下雨后校舍倒塌了，”他解释道。A. leaked泄露；B. collapsed倒塌；C. sank下沉；D. cracked破裂。根据下文“Without walls”可知，学校建筑在雨后倒塌了，没有墙了。故选B。 【24题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：“没有墙壁，老师来的时候，我们就轮流在芒果树下学习。”A. playing玩耍；B. arguing争论；C. sleeping睡觉；D. studying学习。根据上文“Shouldn’t you be in class”以及下文“when the teacher comes”可知，尽管没有校舍，学生们还是会在老师来的时候轮流在芒果树下学习。故选D。 【25题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他的话揭示了塞拉利昂教育的矛盾之处。A. recalled回忆；B. replied回答；C. revealed揭示；D. reacted反应。根据下文“While the government ____6____ school fees in 2018 and built hundreds of new schools, many still need repairs.”可知，少年的话揭示了塞拉利昂教育的矛盾现状。故选C。 【26题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：尽管政府在2018年取消了学费，并新建了数百所学校，但许多学校仍需要修缮。A. ended结束；B. doubled加倍；C. delayed延迟；D. calculated计算。根据下文“built hundreds of new schools”可知，政府在2018年取消了学费，这是促进教育的举措。故选A。 【27题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：这里约有32%的儿童仍无法接受小学教育——不过这一比例已较十年前的62%有所下降。A. miss错过；B. skip跳过；C. finish完成；D. hate讨厌。根据下文“though down from 62% a decade ago”可知，仍然有儿童错过小学教育，不过比十年前有所下降。故选A。 【28题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：“上个月，”伊萨接着说，“他们给我们发了课本。”他朝自己光脚的妹妹们比划了一下。A. apologized道歉；B. continued继续；C. whispered低语；D. committed承诺。根据上文“he explained”以及下文“they gave us textbooks”可知，此处指伊萨继续说道。故选B。 【29题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。A. promise承诺；B. speech演讲；C. change改变；D. gesture手势。根据下文“to his barefoot sisters”和下文“ But no shoes means no school.(但是不穿鞋就意味着不上学)”可知，下文提到没有鞋穿不能上学，故此处指向光着脚的妹妹们做了个手势。故选D。 【30题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：后来，在联合国儿童基金会的一个中心，我看到了实际的解决方案：太阳能灯、共享笔记本，还有能抵达偏远村庄的移动图书馆。A. problems问题；B. solutions解决方案；C. debates辩论；D. failures失败。根据下文“solar lamps, shared notebooks, mobile libraries”可知，这些都是解决教育问题的解决方法。故选B。 【31题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意同上。A. wealthy富有的；B. crowded拥挤的；C. remote偏远的；D. dangerous危险的。根据上文“mobile libraries reaching”以及下文提到塞拉利昂教育方面的困境可知，此处指移动图书馆覆盖偏远村庄。故选C。 【32题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：自教育改革开始以来，全国入学人数从120万增至210万。A. challenges挑战；B. reforms改革；C. meetings会议；D. researches研究。根据上文“While the government ____6____ school fees in 2018 and built hundreds of new schools, many still need repairs.”可知，上文提到政府取消学费、建学校，这些都是教育改革。故选B。 【33题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：女童的入学率跃升了37%，免费午餐等项目帮助孩子们避免因贫困辍学。A. boredom厌倦；B. conflicts冲突；C. diseases疾病；D. poverty贫困。根据上文““they gave us textbooks”, making a ____9____ to his barefoot sisters. “But no shoes means no school.””可知，“免费午餐”项目能阻止孩子因贫困辍学，因为贫困是导致孩子无法上学的重要原因。故选D。 【34题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：当我离开时，伊萨的妹妹们穿着轮胎做的凉鞋，正追着一辆图书自行车跑。A. fixing up修理；B. looking for寻找；C. running after追逐；D. getting on上车。根据下文“a book bicycle”以及“Their laughter”可知，伊萨的妹妹们正追逐图书自行车，展现出孩子对学习资源的渴望。故选C。 【35题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：她们的笑声彰显了塞拉利昂教育变革的希望：每个孩子都有学习的权利。A. truth真相；B. hope希望；C. secret秘密；D. success成功。根据上文“Their laughter”以及全文可知，体现了教育条件改善的积极趋势，但仍有挑战，因此“希望”最能概括这种变革的本质。故选B。 第Ⅱ卷（非选择题，共55分） 第三部分 语言运用（共两节，满分30分） 第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Albert Einstein, who is perhaps the greatest scientist in modern physics, is often considered one of the smartest men who ever lived. He made numerous ___36___ (contribution) to the world, the most well-known ___37___ (be) the general theory of relativity and the famous formula E=mc2. Einstein was not only a genius; he was a ___38___ (courage) and kind figure loved by many people. This gentle genius was born in Germany on 14 March 1879. When he was 16, he tried to enter university in Switzerland, but failed due to his low scores in the general part of the entrance exam, ___39___ obtaining exceptional scores in maths and physics. After studying for another year, he managed to pass the exam, ___40___ (enter) university in 1896 and graduating in 1900. After two years of looking for work as a teacher, Einstein took a job as a clerk in the Swiss patent office. While working there, out of a strong passion for knowledge, he continued to study, earning a doctorate in physics in 1905. That same year, ___41___ was later recorded as a miracle year in science, he published four extraordinary physics papers. Following this, he ___42___ (gradual) became famous throughout the world as the new Isaac Newton. After four years, he was able to quit his job at the patent office and enter research full-time at a university. In 1922, he ___43___ (award) the 1921 Nobel Prize for Physics for his ___44___ (explain) of the photoelectric effect. To the public, he was seen as a slightly odd-looking but kind and funny man. He had a thick moustache and long white hair, which sometimes stood on end as though he had just received ____45____ electric shock. On 18 April 1955, it was reported that Einstein had passed away, and the whole world mourned the great loss of a brilliant scientist 【答案】36. contributions 37. being 38. courageous 39. despite 40. entering 41. which 42. gradually 43. was awarded 44. explanation 45. an 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了爱因斯坦的生平、科学成就及公众形象。 【36题详解】 考查名词的数。句意：他为世界做出了无数贡献，其中最著名的便是广义相对论和质能方程E=mc²。空处为名词形式担当宾语，根据numerous可知，空处为名词的复数形式。故填contributions。 【37题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：他为世界做出了无数贡献，其中最著名的便是广义相对论和质能方程E=mc²。空处为非谓语动词引导的独立主格；逻辑主语“the most well-known”和“be”之间为主动关系，用现在分词形式。故填being。 【38题详解】 考查形容词。句意：爱因斯坦不仅是一位天才，更是一个勇敢且善良的人，深受人们爱戴。修饰名词用形容词形式，意为“勇敢的”。故填courageous。 【39题详解】 考查介词。句意：16岁时，他试图进入瑞士的大学，但尽管数学和物理成绩优异，却因入学考试中综合科目分数较低而失败。空处为介词形式，意为“虽然、尽管”，用介词“despite”。故填despite。 【40题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：又学习了一年后，他终于通过了考试，1896年进入大学，并在1900年毕业。空处为非谓语动词形式担当结果状语，表示自然而然的结果，用现在分词形式。故填entering。 【41题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：同年，后来被称为科学史上的“奇迹之年”，他发表了四篇极具分量的物理学论文。空处为定语从句的关系词；先行词“That same year”在非限制性定语从句中担当主语，用关系代词“which”引导。故填which。 【42题详解】 考查副词。句意：此后，他逐渐以“新艾萨克・牛顿”的身份闻名于世。修饰动词，担当句子的状语，表示“逐渐”。故填gradually。 【43题详解】 考查谓语动词。句意：1922年，他因对光电效应的解释而被授予1921年度诺贝尔物理学奖。空处为本句谓语动词；根据时间状语“In 1922”可知，本句时态为一般过去时；主语“he”和动词“award”之间为被动关系。故填was awarded。 【44题详解】 考查名词。句意：1922年，他因对光电效应的解释而被授予1921年度诺贝尔物理学奖。空处为名词形式担当宾语，意为“解释”。故填explanation。 【45题详解】 考查冠词。句意：他留着浓密的小胡子和长长的白发，有时头发直立，仿佛刚遭受了电击一般。修饰名词单数，表示泛指，用不定冠词；空后单词为元音音素开头，用不定冠词an。故填an。 第四部分 写作（共两节，满分40分） 第一节（满分15分） 46. 假定你是校英文广播站负责人李华，外教Emma两周前答应为你校“世界文化周”录制一段介绍英国传统节日的音频（audio）。请你给 Emma写一封邮件，内容包括： 1.询问录制进度； 2.提醒提交日期。 注意：1.写作词数应为 80 左右； 2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Dear Emma ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 【答案】Dear Emma, I hope this email finds you well. I’m Li Hua, in charge of the English broadcasting station at school. Two weeks ago, you kindly agreed to record an audio introducing British traditional festivals for our “World Culture Week”. I’m just wondering how the recording is going. The deadline for submission is next Friday. Could you please send it to us by then? We’re really looking forward to hearing your wonderful introduction. Yours, Li Hua 【解析】 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文写作中的信件。要求考生给外教Emma写封信，询问其录制介绍英国传统节日的音频的进度，并提醒其提交日期。 【详解】1.词汇积累 希望：hope→ wish 想知道：wonder→ want to know 亲切地：kindly→ graciously 极好的：wonderful→ amazing/great 2.句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：Two weeks ago, you kindly agreed to record an audio introducing British traditional festivals for our “World Culture Week”. 拓展句：Two weeks ago, you kindly agreed to record an audio which introduces British traditional festivals for our “World Culture Week”. 【点睛】【高分句型1】I hope this email finds you well.（运用了省略that的宾语从句） 【高分句型2】I’m just wondering how the recording is going.（运用了how引导的宾语从句） 第二节（满分25分） 47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 When I was 46, my husband Jerry suggested that I go skiing with him, promising, “You will love it! This is just the first step.” “Not on my life! You know I can’t stand being cold.” I didn’t mention my fear of chairlifts and heights. “You go and have fun, sweetheart!” So, Jerry went skiing with his nephew and other new skiers. More trips followed with increasing excitement. Yet, I couldn’t ignore their genuine joy in skiing nor the positive changes in Jerry. I began to feel guilty. Didn’t I owe something to this sport and to my husband? Shouldn’t I at least try it? “What?” my friends asked in surprise when I said I was considering skiing. “You’re 46 years old! You’re going to break a leg.” Though they reflected my own fears, I took up my courage to take my first step. I told Jerry I might try skiing. Thus, he immediately planned a trip just for the two of us. Though filled with fear, I couldn’t hide my excitement as we drove to California’s Big Bear Mountain Resort（度假胜地）. After checking in, Jerry’s blue eyes sparkled（闪光）as he signed me up for the next day’s beginner class. The following morning, after fitting me with rental ski boots, leading me to the instructor, and kissing me quickly, Jerry rushed to the nearest ski lift. I stood in a straight line with all the other beginners, like ducks in a row, and listened to the ski instructor. Last in line at the upper end, I tried to appear invisible until the unthinkable happened: I lost my balance and fell. I tried to follow instructions, but my feet, which I couldn’t feel, refused to cooperate. I could only turn in one direction—left. Worse I couldn’t remember what to do with my skis when I needed to stop, so I just fell over. And I kept forgetting the rule: “Never point your skis downhill when trying to get up.” One time, I just lay there, exhausted. “I hate skiing!” I whispered, finally getting upright. 注意：1．续写词数应为150左右； 2．请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Sensing this was my first and last ski trip, Jerry did the best thing he could. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ By the end of the ski season, I had overcome all my fears. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 Sensing this was my first and last ski trip, Jerry did the best thing he could. He supplied me with food. Wisely, he blamed my instructor and promised private lessons. The next morning, I fell in love with my new instructor. He was patient and made me confident. Things started clicking. I learned how to stop, get up easily, and make right turns. Finally, I said goodbye to my instructor, who handed me over Jerry for further practice on the slopes. With hard practice I soon mastered that. By the end of the ski season, I had overcome all my fears. When I was on the snowy slopes, I felt like a bird flying freely in the sky. I could smoothly turn left and right. I was not afraid of the challenges on the skiing field anymore. With the wind blowing on my face, every moment of skiing was filled with joy and a sense of achievement. It’s truly a wonderful feeling to be able to ski freely and enjoy the beauty of the snow-covered mountains. 【解析】 【导语】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了作者从最初对滑雪的抗拒，到在丈夫的鼓励下尝试滑雪，再到最终克服恐惧、爱上滑雪的过程。 【详解】1.段落续写： ①由第一段首句内容“Jerry感觉到这将是我第一次也是最后一次滑雪之旅，于是他尽力做了最好的安排。”以及第二段首句内容“到了滑雪季末，我已经克服了所有的恐惧。”可知，第一段可描写Jerry的安排让作者重拾信心，开始学会滑雪。 ②由第二段首句内容“到了滑雪季末，我已经克服了所有的恐惧。”可知，第二段可描写作者学会了滑雪，并且开始享受滑雪带来的快乐。 2.续写线索：做最好的安排——安排新的教练——重拾信心，学会了滑雪——勤加练习——克服恐惧——体会快乐 3.词汇激活 行为类 ①责备：blame/put blame on ②掌握：master/have a good command of ③充满了：be filled with/be full of 情绪类 ①快乐：joy/delight ② 成就感：a sense of achievement/a sense of accomplishment 【点睛】【高分句型1】Finally, I said goodbye to my instructor, who handed me over Jerry for further practice on the slopes.（运用了who引导的定语从句） 【高分句型2】When I was on the snowy slopes, I felt like a bird flying freely in the sky.（运用了when引导的状语从句） 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 2025-2026学年上学期期中考试 27届高二（英语）试题 说明：1. 本试卷分第Ⅰ卷（选择题）和第Ⅱ卷（非选择题），满分150分。 2. 考试时间：120分钟。 3. 将第Ⅰ卷的答案代表字母填（涂）在答题卡上。 第Ⅰ卷（选择题，共95分） 第一部分 听力（共两节，满分30分） 第一节（共5小题：每小题15分，满分7.5分） 听下面5段对话，每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。 1. Where does the conversation probably take place? A. In a supermarket. B. In the post office. C. In the street. 2. What did Carl do? A. He designed a medal. B. He fixed a TV set. C. He took a test. 3. What does the man do? A. He’s a tailor. B. He’s a waiter. C. He’s a shop assistant. 4. When will the fight arrive? A. At 18:20. B. At 18:35. C. At 18:50. 5. How can the man improve his article? A. By deleing unnecessary words. B. By adding a couple of points. C. By correcting grammar mistakes. 第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分） 听下面5段对话或独白. 每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。 听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。 6. What does Bill often do on Friday night? A. Visit his parents. B. Go to the movies. C. Walk along Broadway. 7. Who watches musical plays most often? A. Bill. B. Sarah. C. Bill’s parents. 听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。 8 Why does David want to speak to Mike? A. To invite him to a party. B. To discuss a schedule. C. To call off a meeting. 9. What do we know about the speakers? A They are colleagues. B. They are close friends. C. They’ve never met before. 听第8段材料。回答第10至12. 题。 10. What kind of camera does: the man want? A. A TV camera. B. A video camera. C. A movie camera. 11. Which function is the man most interested in? A. Underwater filming. B. A large memory. C. Auto focus. 12. How much: would the man pay for the second camera? A. 950 euros. B. 650 euros. C. 470 euros. 听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。 13. Who is Clifford? A. A little girl. B. The man’s pet C. A fictional character. 14. Who suggested that Norman paint for children’s books? A. His wife. B. Elizabeth. C. A publisher. 15. What is Norman’s story based on? A. A book. B. A painting. C. A young woman. 16. What is it that shocked Norman? A. His unexpected success. B. His efforts made in vain. C. His editor’s disagreement. 听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。 17 Who would like to make small talk according to the speaker? A. Relatives. B. Strangers. C. Visitors. 18. Why do people have small talk? A. To express opinions. B. To avoid arguments. C. To show friendliness. 19. Which of the following is a frequent topic in small talk? A. Politics. B. Movies. C. Salaries. 20. What does the speaker recommend at the end of his lecture? A. A. skiing open-ended questions. B. Feeling free to change topics. C. Making small talk interesting. 第二部分 阅读（共两节，满分50分） 第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 A La Tomatina is a food fight festival held on the last Wednesday of August each year in the town of Bunol close to Valencia in Spain. It is claimed to be the biggest food fight in the world. What Happens at La Tomatina At around 11 am, many trucks carry more than one hundred tons of over- ripe tomatoes into the centre of the town, Plaza del Pueblo. Technically the festival does not begin until one brave soul has climbed to the top of a two-story-high wooden pole and reached the ham at the top. In practice this process takes a long time and the festival starts despite no one reaching the prize. The signal for the beginning of the fight is the firing of a water gun. After one hour the fighting ends and the cleaning process begins. The Rules of La Tomatina Do not bring bottles or hard objects as they can cause accidents and hurt other participants; Do not tear other people’s T-shirts; You must squeeze (捏碎) the tomatoes before throwing them; As soon as you hear the second shot of the water gun, you must stop throwing tomatoes. Useful Advice Wear old shoes and clothes that you do not mind throwing away afterwards. They will most likely end up damaged or incredibly dirty; Don’t wear slippers. You may get hurt, or you could lose them easily during the battle; If you are not from Bunol, and you want to stay overnight, don’t forget to look for and secure accommodation in advance. Stay safe and enjoy the festivities as much as possible! 1. What can we learn about La Tomatina? A. It is an annual event. B. It takes place in Valencia. C. It lasts for a whole day. D. It hands out hams as prizes. 2. Which of the following signals the beginning of the fight in practice? A. The arrival of the tomatoes. B. The takedown of the ham. C. The firing of a water gun. D. The set up of the wooden pole. 3. What should participants avoid doing during the fight? A. Touching each other. B. Taking soft objects with them. C. Wearing shoes and T- shirts. D. Throwing unsqueezed tomatoes. B I have a special place in my heart for libraries. I have for as long as I can remember. I was always an enthusiastic reader, sometimes reading up to three books a day as a child. Stories were like air to me and while other kids played ball or went to parties, I lived out adventures through the books I checked out from the library. My first job was working at the Ukiah Library when I was 16 years old .It was a dream job and I did everything from shelving books to reading to the children for story time. As I grew older and became a mother, the library took on a new place and an added meaning in my life. I had several children and books were our main source(来源) of entertainment. It was a big deal for us to load up and go to the local library, where my kids could pick out books to read or books they wanted me to read to them. I always read ,using different voices ,as though I were acting out the stories with my voice and they loved it !It was a special time to bond with my children and it filled them with the wonderment of books . Now, I see my children taking their children to the library and I love that the excitement of going to the library lives on from generation to generation. As a novelist, I’ve found a new relationship with libraries. I encourage readers to go to their local library when they can’t afford to purchase a book. I see libraries as a safe haven(避风港) for readers and writers, a bridge that helps put together a reader with a book. Libraries, in their own way, help fight book piracy(盗版行为) and 1 think all writers should support libraries in a significant way when they can. Encourage readers to use the library. Share library announcements on your social media. Frequent them and talk about them when you can. 4. Which word best describes the author’s relationship with books as a child? A. Cooperative. B. Uneasy. C. Inseparable. D. Casual. 5. What does the underlined phrase “an added meaning” in paragraph 3 refer to? A. Pleasure from working in the library. B. Joy of reading passed on in the family. C. Wonderment from acting out the stories. D. A closer bond developed with the readers. 6. What does the author call on other writers to do? A. Sponsor book fairs. B. Write for social media. C. Support libraries. D. Purchase her novels. 7. Which can be a suitable title for the text? A. Reading: A Source of Knowledge B. My Idea about writing C. Library: A Haven for the Young D. My Love of the Library C Concrete (混凝土) is the world’s most used material after water. Because it already surrounds us in the built environment, researchers have been exploring the idea of using concrete to store electricity — turning buildings into giant batteries. The idea has been gaining ground as we have come to increasingly rely on renewable energy from the wind and sun: rechargeable batteries are necessary when the wind dies down or darkness falls. Experimental concrete batteries have only managed to hold a small part of what a traditional battery does. But one team now reports that it has developed a rechargeable original model that could represent a more than 10 times increase in stored charge, compared with earlier attempts. A live-in concrete battery might sound unlikely. Still, “you can make a battery out of a potato,” notes Aimee Bynne. In a future where sustainability is key, she likes the idea of buildings that avoid waste by providing shelter and powering electronics. According to Emma, the study co-author, although the new design stores more than 10 times as much power as earlier attempts: 200 square meters of it “can provide about 8 percent of the daily electricity consumption of a typical U. S. home”, this is not enough to compete with today’s rechargeable devices. “We’re getting milliamps out of concrete batteries — we’re not getting amps (安培),” Bynne, a structural engineer at Technological University Dublin, says, “we’re getting hours rather than days of charge.” But she adds that “concrete batteries are completely in their childhood, compared to other battery designs”. The earliest batteries were large and heavy. Researchers experimented with new materials and designs for more than a century to develop today’s small devices. Bynne suggests concrete-based energy storage could undergo a similar evolution. “The whole idea is that we’re looking far into the future,” she says, “we’re playing the long game with it.” 8. Why have researchers been exploring the use of concrete? A. Because concrete is far lighter. B. Because concrete is widely present. C. Because concrete is much cheaper. D. Because concrete can be easily transported. 9. What does Bynne want to show by mentioning the potato? A Only food-related materials can be made into batteries. B. Potato batteries are more efficient than concrete batteries. C. Potatoes are the most commonly-used material for batteries. D. Materials that seem ordinary can be used for battery-making. 10. What is the property of the new concrete battery? A. It can power a U. S. home for days. B. It produces large amps of electricity. C. It stores over 10 times more charge than before. D. It is as efficient as traditional batteries. 11. What does Bynne think of concrete batteries? A. They need more advancement. B. They require simple technology. C. They can beat modern batteries. D. They have a narrow application. D The unfortunate thing about parenting books is that, in my experience, once you become a parent you are too time-poor and tired to read them. As a result, my bedside table is filled with parenting books of which I’ve read the first five pages a dozen times before passing out. If this sounds like you, the latest book by Melinda Wenner Moyer should be top of your list. Hello, Cruel World!: Science-based strategies for raising terrific kids in terrifying times is designed as a research-backed guide to help parents equip their children with the tools they need to succeed. The chapters of this book are short and readable, broken down into bite-sized sections, each giving you one piece of advice and the science to back it up. Moyer shows a lot of understanding and can help you take a kid’s-eye view on even their most annoying behaviors. How can we get children to be more open, fair-minded and willing to consider other viewpoints? One way is to encourage curiosity and uncertainty from a young age. Children, as we know, are like young scientists. “One of their most important jobs is to make sense of the world around them,” writes Moyer. This curiosity can often conflict with an adult’s desire to get things done. “When you ask your children to clean their room, then find them thirty minutes later studying an insect in the bathroom…it’s easy to dismiss their behavior as disobedience (不服从).” Their seemingly distracted (分心) behavior is actually a natural part of their learning process. Parents should respond with empathy (同理心) and support rather than criticism. The book also addresses important issues like the impact of technology on children. Moyer challenges common misconceptions and provides practical advice on when and how to introduce mobile phones and social media to kids. Her insights help parents deal with these complex topics with a balanced and informed opinion. 12. Why do many parents fail to finish reading parenting books? A. They lack time and energy. B. They lose interest in reading. C. They find the books to be of poor quality. D. They prioritize practical tasks over reading. 13. What is the feature of Hello, Cruel World!? A. Theoretical. B. Science-backed. C. Complicated. D. Experience-based. 14. What should parents do when their children are studying an insect? A. Dismiss their behaviors. B. Correct their distraction. C. Encourage their curiosity. D. Ask them to follow instructions. 15. What is this text? A. A book review. B. A writing guide. C. A parenting paper. D. A science report. 第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分） 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Why Do Electric Vehicles Make People More Carsick? With electric vehicles (EVs) gaining significant popularity globally — accounting for 22% of new car sales in 2024 — many passengers report experiencing increased motion sickness compared to traditional vehicles. Social media platforms are filled with such personal experiences, particularly from those riding in passenger or back seats. ___16___ A primary reason for this phenomenon is the lack of familiarity with EV motion patterns. As William Emond, a PhD researcher in France specializing in motion sickness, explains, people’s brains heavily depend on past experiences to predict and interpret motion. ___17___ For instance, experienced drivers naturally expect acceleration after hearing engine revs in fuel-powered cars, but EVs operate without such familiar auditory signals. ___18___ Recent research indicates that specific seat vibrations and the complete absence of traditional engine noise in EVs contribute significantly to motion discomfort. Furthermore, the regenerative braking systems — innovative technology that transforms kinetic energy (动能) into battery power — cause an unusually gradual slowdown. ___19___ Beyond this, motion sickness fundamentally occurs when the brain receives contradictory sensory signals about body movement. The inner ear, visual cues, and physical sensations send mixed messages to the brain, creating what experts call a “neural mismatch”. ___20___ This mechanism explains why drivers themselves rarely experience carsickness — they control and predict the vehicle’s movements. A. Such long-term conflict can trigger motion sickness symptoms. B. Another contributing factor is that EV-specific features add to the problem. C. Some manufacturers are improving suspension systems to minimize vibrations. D. Drivers usually don’t experience carsickness due to their control over the vehicle. E. This technology lengthens the stopping process and may worsen feelings of sickness. F. Without previous EV experience, the brain has to struggle to estimate forces accurately. G. In regard to this phenomenon, researchers have identified several scientific explanations. 第三部分 语言运用（共两节，满分30分） 第一节 完形填空（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 One afternoon in Sierra Leone’s Bombali District, my jeep passed fields where children harvested crops. ____21____, I approached a tall, thin teenager working hard under the blazing sun. “Shouldn’t you be in class?” I asked, noticing the pencil behind his ear. Issa, 16, ____22____ his forehead with a worn-out sleeve. “The school building ____23____ after the rains,” he explained. “Without walls, we take turns ____24____ under a mango tree when the teacher comes.” His words ____25____ Sierra Leone’s contradiction in education. While the government ____26____ school fees in 2018 and built hundreds of new schools, many still need repairs. About 32% of children here still ____27____ primary school — though down from 62% a decade ago. “Last month,” Issa ____28____, “they gave us textbooks”, making a ____29____ to his barefoot sisters. “But no shoes means no school.” Later, at a UNICEF center, I saw ____30____ in action: solar lamps, shared notebooks, mobile libraries reaching ____31____ villages. National enrollment rose from 1.2 million to 2.1 million since ____32____ began. Girls’ attendance jumped by 37%, with programs like free lunches helping stop kids from leaving school due to ____33____. As I left, Issa’s sisters in tire-sandals (凉鞋) were ____34____ a book bicycle. Their laughter showed the ____35____ of Sierra Leone’s education change: every child’s right to learn. 21. A. Worried B. Angry C. Excited D. Curious 22. A. wiped B. wrapped C. covered D. patted 23. A. leaked B. collapsed C. sank D. cracked 24. A. playing B. arguing C. sleeping D. studying 25. A. recalled B. replied C. revealed D. reacted 26. A. ended B. doubled C. delayed D. calculated 27. A. miss B. skip C. finish D. hate 28. A. apologized B. continued C. whispered D. committed 29. A. promise B. speech C. change D. gesture 30. A. problems B. solutions C. debates D. failures 31. A. wealthy B. crowded C. remote D. dangerous 32. A. challenges B. reforms C. meetings D. researches 33. A. boredom B. conflicts C. diseases D. poverty 34. A. fixing up B. looking for C. running after D. getting on 35. A. truth B. hope C. secret D. success 第Ⅱ卷（非选择题，共55分） 第三部分 语言运用（共两节，满分30分） 第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Albert Einstein, who is perhaps the greatest scientist in modern physics, is often considered one of the smartest men who ever lived. He made numerous ___36___ (contribution) to the world, the most well-known ___37___ (be) the general theory of relativity and the famous formula E=mc2. Einstein was not only a genius; he was a ___38___ (courage) and kind figure loved by many people. This gentle genius was born in Germany on 14 March 1879. When he was 16, he tried to enter university in Switzerland, but failed due to his low scores in the general part of the entrance exam, ___39___ obtaining exceptional scores in maths and physics. After studying for another year, he managed to pass the exam, ___40___ (enter) university in 1896 and graduating in 1900. After two years of looking for work as a teacher, Einstein took a job as a clerk in the Swiss patent office. While working there, out of a strong passion for knowledge, he continued to study, earning a doctorate in physics in 1905. That same year, ___41___ was later recorded as a miracle year in science, he published four extraordinary physics papers. Following this, he ___42___ (gradual) became famous throughout the world as the new Isaac Newton. After four years, he was able to quit his job at the patent office and enter research full-time at a university. In 1922, he ___43___ (award) the 1921 Nobel Prize for Physics for his ___44___ (explain) of the photoelectric effect. To the public, he was seen as a slightly odd-looking but kind and funny man. He had a thick moustache and long white hair, which sometimes stood on end as though he had just received ____45____ electric shock. On 18 April 1955, it was reported that Einstein had passed away, and the whole world mourned the great loss of a brilliant scientist 第四部分 写作（共两节，满分40分） 第一节（满分15分） 46. 假定你是校英文广播站负责人李华，外教Emma两周前答应为你校“世界文化周”录制一段介绍英国传统节日的音频（audio）。请你给 Emma写一封邮件，内容包括： 1.询问录制进度； 2.提醒提交日期。 注意：1.写作词数应为 80 左右； 2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Dear Emma, ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 第二节（满分25分） 47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 When I was 46, my husband Jerry suggested that I go skiing with him, promising, “You will love it! This is just the first step.” “Not on my life! You know I can’t stand being cold.” I didn’t mention my fear of chairlifts and heights. “You go and have fun, sweetheart!” So, Jerry went skiing with his nephew and other new skiers. More trips followed with increasing excitement. Yet, I couldn’t ignore their genuine joy in skiing nor the positive changes in Jerry. I began to feel guilty. Didn’t I owe something to this sport and to my husband? Shouldn’t I at least try it? “What?” my friends asked in surprise when I said I was considering skiing. “You’re 46 years old! You’re going to break a leg.” Though they reflected my own fears, I took up my courage to take my first step. I told Jerry I might try skiing. Thus, he immediately planned a trip just for the two of us. Though filled with fear, I couldn’t hide my excitement as we drove to California’s Big Bear Mountain Resort（度假胜地）. After checking in, Jerry’s blue eyes sparkled（闪光）as he signed me up for the next day’s beginner class. The following morning, after fitting me with rental ski boots, leading me to the instructor, and kissing me quickly, Jerry rushed to the nearest ski lift. I stood in a straight line with all the other beginners, like ducks in a row, and listened to the ski instructor. Last in line at the upper end, I tried to appear invisible until the unthinkable happened: I lost my balance and fell. I tried to follow instructions, but my feet, which I couldn’t feel, refused to cooperate. I could only turn in one direction—left. Worse, I couldn’t remember what to do with my skis when I needed to stop, so I just fell over. And I kept forgetting the rule: “Never point your skis downhill when trying to get up.” One time, I just lay there, exhausted. “I hate skiing!” I whispered, finally getting upright. 注意：1．续写词数应为150左右； 2．请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Sensing this was my first and last ski trip, Jerry did the best thing he could. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ By the end of the ski season, I had overcome all my fears. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $