专题01 宾语补足语与被动语态（期末复习讲义）九年级英语上学期冀教版

该初中英语期末复习讲义聚焦宾语补足语与被动语态，通过系统的知识框架构建复习体系。以表格对比不同时态主动与被动语态的结构及例句，梳理五种基本句型并突出S+V+O+C结构的核心地位，结合易错点拨区分宾补与双宾语的逻辑关系，直观呈现知识脉络与重难点内在联系。 讲义亮点在于分层递进的练习设计与情境化方法指导。基础通关含单选（如“keep your eyes closed”的宾补选择），重难突破设完成句子（如“使观众睡着”的宾补表达），链接中考真题（如2025年江苏无锡被动语态填空），培养学生语言运用能力与思维品质。即时检测与易混易错专项帮助学生精准突破，支持分层复习，为教师实施针对性教学提供有效资源。

专题01 宾语补足语与被动语态（期末复习讲义） 单元 语法点 常考题型 命题趋势 Unit 6 宾语补足语 被动语态 完形填空 短文填空 阅读表达 补全对话 书面表达 1.注重素养：更加注重对学生英语核心素养的考查。 2.情境化突出：借助生活、学校、社会等多种情境，将语法考察与实际生活相结合。 3.文化传承与价值导向明显：注重选取具有文化内涵和思想价值的语篇。 知识点01 宾语补足语 陈述句用来陈述一件事或表达一种看法。 根据句中的动词类型，通常又划分成以下五种形式： 1. S+V（主语+谓语）如：My head aches. 我头疼。 2. S+V+O（主语+谓语+宾语） 如：Lucy is reading a book. 露西正在读一本书。 3. S+V+O+O（主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语） 如：She showed her friends all her pictures. 她向她的朋友们展示了她所有的照片。 英语中常见的带双宾语的及物动词有：give, bring, buy, get, lend, make, pass, teach, tell, offer 等。 4. S+V+O+C（主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语）如：We keep our classroom clean and tidy. 我们让教室保持干净、整洁。 5. S+V+P（主语+系动词+表语） 如：The bike is new. 这辆自行车是新的。 宾语补足语用于补充说明宾语，通常由形容词、名词、副词、介词短语、v-ing、动词不定式等担任。动词不定式作宾语补足语时是否带to，取决于所跟动词。动词是tell, want, ask, advise, order, know,consider等时，接带to的不定式作宾语补足语;动词是make, let, have, see, watch, hear等时，接不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语。例如: The good news made them happy. We consider Ms. Liu a good teacher. Jane likes to watch her son play soccer. The doctor advised her to stay in bed for two days. Ms. Liu asked us to make crossword puzzles of our heroes. She made her hair stand up with the comb. The Internet can be a useful tool, but don't let it take up all of your time. 易｜错｜点｜拨 注意：混淆 “宾补” 与 “双宾语”：双宾语（如 give sb. sth.）是 “人 + 物”，两者均为动作对象；宾补（如 make sb. happy）是补充说明宾语的状态 / 动作，与宾语有逻辑主谓关系。 【即时检测】 We’d like more students to join the story telling club. A．状语 B．直接宾语 C．宾语补足语 D．谓语 【答案】C 【详解】句意：我们希望更多的学生加入讲故事俱乐部。 考查句子成分。would like sb to do sth“想要某人去做某事”，此处的动词不定式作宾语补足语，故选C。 知识点02 被动语态 （一）1. 基本结构为：be+动词的过去分词。 2. 常见时态的主动、被动语态的结构如下表（以动词 do 为例）： 时 态 主动语态 被动语态 例句 （被动语态） 一般现在时 do/ does am/ is/are+done The classroom is cleaned by us. 教室 是我们打扫的。 一般过去时 did was/ were+donee The kite was made by him. 这只风筝是他制作的。 一般将来时 will/ shall/be going to+do will/ shall/be going to+be done Trees will be planted by them tomorrow. 明天他们将会种树。 含有情态动词 can/ may/ must+do can/ may/must+be done He can be found by me. 他可以被我找到。 （二）使用被动语态的情况 1. 不知道动作的执行者是谁。 如：This watch was made in China. 这块手表是中国制造的。 2. 没有必要指出动作的执行者是谁。 如：More trees must be planted every year. 每年必须种更多的树。 3. 需要强调或突出动作的承受者。 如：Chinese is spoken by more and more people in the world. 世界上越来越多的人说汉语。 4. 动作的发出者不是人。 如：Many houses were washed away in the flood. 许多房子在洪水中被冲走了。 （三）主动语态表被动意义的情况 1. open, lock, write, read, sell, clean, wash, cut, burn, drive 等词作不及物动词时，它们的主语为物，可用主动语态表示被动意义。 如： This kind of pen writes very smoothly. 这种钢笔写起来很流畅。 2. look, sound, taste, feel, smell 等感官动词用主动形式表示被动意义。 如：School uniforms look good on us. 我们穿着校服很好看。 3. be worth doing 中，doing 表示被动意义。 如：This film is worth seeing. 这部电影值得一看。 4.“want/ need/ require +doing”相当于“want/ need/ require+to be done”。to be done 是不定式的被动结构。 如：My bike needs repairing.=My bike needs to be repaired. 我的自行车需要修理。 【即时检测】 _________ the new park _________ in Shanghai two years ago? A．Does; build B．Did; build C．Is; built D．Was; built 【答案】D 【详解】句意：这个新公园是两年前在上海建成的吗？ 考查一般过去时被动语态。根据two years ago可知，此句是一般过去时，主语new park与动词build之间是被动关系，所以用一般过去时被动语态，主语是单数，助动词用was，故选D。 基础通关（测试时间：10分钟） 1、 单项选择 1．When Tom was young, he didn’t like his lessons. His teacher thought ________. In fact, he read a lot of books with the help of his parents. A．he a bad boy B．him a bad boy C．him was a bad 【答案】B 【详解】句意：汤姆小的时候，他不喜欢他的课。他的老师认为他是个坏孩子。事实上，他在父母的帮助下读了很多书。 考查宾格和宾语补足语。根据“His teacher thought”可知，空格处作宾语，用宾格“him”，结合选项可知，此处用think sb. sth.，其中“a bad boy”作宾语补足语。故选B。 2．—Who else do you prefer to have ________ our next week’s Christmas party? —Mrs. Brown and her children. A．attend B．to attend C．attended D．attending 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——你还想要谁参加我们下周的圣诞晚会？——布朗夫人和她的孩子们。 考查使役动词。have sb do sth让某人做某事，使用省略to的不定式作宾语补足语，故选A。 3．Mary asked me to help her yesterday. A．定语 B．状语 C．宾补 D．表语 【答案】C 【详解】句意：玛丽昨天让我帮她。 考查句子成分。分析句子结构可知，“Mary”是主语，表示动作的执行者；“asked”是谓语动词；“me”是宾语，是动作“asked”的对象；“to help her” 进一步说明“me”需要做的事情，即对宾语“me”进行补充说明，说明让“我”做什么，所以“to help her”是宾语补足语。故选C。 4．—Why don’t you listen to tapes to practice your listening? —Well, I find it’s ________ difficult for me ________ follow. A．too; to B．so; that C．such; that D．enough; to 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——你为什么不听磁带来练习听力呢？——嗯，我发现跟着磁带对我来说太难了。 考查固定句式。too… to太……而不能；so…that如此……以至于；such…that如此……以至于；enough…to足够……去做。根据句意可知，此处表示的是我发现跟着磁带对我来说太难了，A项符合句意。故选A。 5．Don’t look! You should keep your eyes ________. A．close B．closing C．closed D．closes 【答案】C 【详解】句意：不要看！你应该闭上眼睛。 考查固定搭配。close关闭，动词原形；closing关闭，动名词形式；closed关着的，形容词；closes关闭，动词第三人称单数。keep sth adj“保持某物是……的状态”，此处用形容词closed。故选C。 6．________ an interest in something can make your brain __________. A．Create; more actively B．Creating; more active C．Create; active D．Creating; more actively 【答案】B 【详解】句意：对某事产生兴趣可以使你的大脑更加活跃。 考查非谓语动词以及形容词和副词。根据“...an interest in something can make your brain...”可知，句子缺少主语，因此此处应使用动名词作主语，故排除选项A与选项C；make后跟形容词作宾语补足语。故选B。 7．Lucy tried to make Alice ________ her mind but failed. A．change B．to change C．changing D．changed 【答案】A 【详解】句意：露西试图使爱丽丝改变主意，但失败了。 考查非谓语动词。make sb. do sth.“使某人做某事”，用省略to的动词不定式作宾语补足语。故选A。 8．—This Chinese brush painting is my favorite. It ________ in the Qing Dynasty. —The painter Zheng Banqiao (1693-1766) was famous for drawing bamboo. A．made B．is made C．was made 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——这幅中国水墨画是我的最爱。它是清朝绘制的。——画家郑板桥（1693-1766）以画竹闻名。 考查动词时态和语态。主语“It”指代画作，是动作“make”的承受者，需用被动语态；根据“in the Qing Dynasty”可知，动作发生在过去，应用一般过去时的被动语态“was made”。故选C。 9．The ancient cultural relics, which were discovered in a small village last year, ________ in a special museum now to protect them from damage. A．are preserving B．were preserved C．are being preserved D．will be preserved 【答案】C 【详解】句意：这些去年在一个小村庄发现的古代文物，现在正被保存在一个特殊的博物馆里，以防止它们被损坏。 考查时态和语态。are preserving现在进行时，主动；were preserved一般过去时的被动语态；are being preserved现在进行时的被动语态；will be preserved一般将来时的被动语态。根据“now”可知用现在进行时，且relics与preserve是被动关系，需用被动语态，are being preserved符合语境。故选C。 10．The advanced smartwatch, which boasts innovative health-monitoring functions, ________ in major electronics stores across the country since last month, and it ________ by a large number of tech lovers so far. A．has been on sale; has been purchased B．is on sale; has purchased C．has been on sale; purchased D．was on sale; has been purchased 【答案】A 【详解】句意：这款拥有创新健康监测功能的高级智能手表自上个月以来已在全国各大电子产品商店上市销售，到目前为止已被大量科技爱好者购买。 考查时态和语态。has been on sale现在完成时，表从过去持续到现在的状态；has been purchased现在完成时的被动语态，表已被购买；is on sale一般现在时；has purchased现在完成时；purchased过去式；was on sale一般过去时。根据“since last month”和“so far”可知，两个空都需用现在完成时，且第二空“it”与“purchase”是被动关系，需用被动语态。故选A。 11．—I think China’s 2025 military parade is fantastic! Do you think so? —I totally agree! One of its important meanings is to remind us that the People’s Republic of China ________ in 1949, and we should always cherish the life now. A．found B．was founded C．is founding 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——我认为中国2025年的阅兵式太棒了！你也这么认为吗？——我完全同意！它的一个重要意义是提醒我们中华人民共和国成立于1949年，我们应该始终珍惜现在的生活。 考查被动语态。found创立，动词原形；was founded被创立，一般过去时被动语态；is founding正在创立，现在进行时。the People’s Republic of China和found之间是被动关系，即“被建立”；且时间是in 1949，是过去的时间，所以用一般过去时的被动语态，结构为“was/were+过去分词”。故选B。 12．Nobody could tell exactly ________ the ancient treasure ________ hidden during the war, but many people were still searching for it. A．when; was B．that; was C．whether; has been D．if; was 【答案】A 【详解】句意：没有人能确切地说出战争期间古代宝藏是什么时候被藏起来的，但是许多人仍在寻找它。 考查宾语从句的引导词与时态。根据“Nobody could tell exactly”可知，此处强调没有人能确切地说出古代宝藏是什么时候被藏起来的，第一空应填入when引导宾语从句，其他选项不符合句意；宾语从句主语the ancient treasure和hidden之间是被动关系，动作发生在过去，第二空应填入be动词was，与hidden构成一般过去时的被动语态，作从句的谓语。故选A。 13．After they landed, they ________ to a nice restaurant by the local officials. A．are led B．were guided C．took D．are shown 【答案】B 【详解】句意：他们着陆后，被当地官员带到了一家不错的餐厅。 考查时态和语态。根据“by the local officials”可知，是被动语态，结合“landed”，此处用一般过去时的被动语态“was/were done”。故选B。 14．Fu Zai, a cute police dog, ________ to better deal with different environments in the near future. A．will train B．trains C．will be trained D．was trained 【答案】C 【详解】句意：福仔，一只可爱的警犬，将在不久的将来接受训练，以更好地应对不同的环境。 考查被动语态。根据“in the near future”可知，本句时态为一般将来时，主语Fu Zai是动作train“训练”的承受者，要用一般将来时的被动语态（will be done）。故选C。 15．—Do you think AI can completely take teachers’ jobs in the future? —No, many tasks ________ by AI, but teachers’ care can never be copied. A．done B．doing C．are doing D．are done 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——你认为人工智能在未来能完全取代教师的工作吗？——不，很多任务可以由人工智能来完成，但教师的关怀永远无法被复制。 考查动词的时态和语态。根据语境可知，句子描述的是一般事实，所以时态用一般现在时，且主语tasks和谓语动词do之间存在被动关系，所以应用被动语态；一般现在时的被动语态结构为am/is/are+动词的过去分词，主语是复数，用are，do的过去分词是done。故选D。 重难突破（测试时间：10分钟） 二.完成句子 1．有一个让汽车司机减速的指示牌。 There was a sign telling drivers to . 【答案】slow down 【详解】根据中英文可知，此处空对应的中文为“减速”，“减速”英文表达为“slow down”，tell sb. to do sth.“告诉某人做某事”，此处使用动词原形。故填slow down。 2．这部无聊的电影使不少观众都睡着了。 The boring movie made a lot of people . 【答案】fall asleep 【详解】make sb. do sth.表示“使某人做某事”，所以空格处应填动词原形，fall asleep表示“睡着”。故填fall asleep。 3．当他下班回来， 他发现他的卧室乱七八糟。 He found when he came back from work. 【答案】his room in a mess 【详解】由英汉对照可知，空格处填“（发现）他的卧室乱七八糟”，find sth. +形容词/介词短语“发现某物是什么样子的”，固定短语，形容词/介词短语作宾语补足语，in a mess“乱七八糟，混乱”，find his room in a mess“（发现）他的卧室乱七八糟”。故填his room in a mess。 4．2021年, 中国采取了一系列措施来提高教育质量。 In 2021, China took a series of measures to the quality of education. 【答案】improve 【详解】根据题干，需补充“提高”，动词improve表示“提高”，to后用动词原形。故填improve。 5．昨天什么事情使你这么生气呢？ What yesterday? 【答案】 made you angry 【详解】使某人……make sb +adj, 形容词做宾语补足语，生气的angry, 时间状语是yesterday, 说明是一般过去时，故填made you angry。 6．have a good sleep, doctors, us, advise, to . 【答案】Doctors advise us to have a good sleep 【详解】根据所给标点符号可知，本句是陈述句。doctors作主语；advise作谓语；us作宾语；to have a good sleep是动词不定式结构作宾语补足语。故填Doctors advise us to have a good sleep“医生建议我们睡个好觉”。 7．asks, to, our teacher, us, some food, take . 【答案】Our teacher asks us to take some food 【详解】根据所给标点可知应用陈述句的形式，分析所给单词可知，our teacher作主语，asks作谓语，us作宾语，to take some food动词不定式作宾语补足语。故答案为Our teacher asks us to take some food“我们的老师让我们带些食物”。 8．read, teaching, he, the kids, is, to     . 【答案】He is teaching the kids to read 【详解】根据所给标点可知应用陈述句式，分析所给单词，he作主语；teach sb. to do sth.“教某人做某事”，is teaching作谓语，时态为现在进行时；the kids作宾语；to read作宾语补足语。故填He is teaching the kids to read“他正在教孩子们阅读”。 9．great fun, found, through hard work, I, to achieve something, it . 【答案】I found it great fun to achieve something through hard work 【详解】根据参考词汇和标点提示可知，句子为陈述句肯定形式，主语为I，谓语为found“发现”，后接形式宾语it，真正的宾语为动词不定式to achieve something表示“取得成就”，因不定式有宾语补足语great fun表示“很有趣”，动词不定式需位于宾语补足语之后，through hard work表示“通过努力工作”位于句末，作方式状语。故填I found it great fun to achieve something through hard work“我发现通过努力工作取得成就很有趣”。 10．protect，enjoy，let’s，living，the，better，on，environment，Earth，and，the，a，life（连词成句） . 【答案】Let’s protect the environment and enjoy living a better life on the Earth 【详解】根据所给标点符号“.”和“let’s”可知该句为let型祈使句。let’s首字母大写位于句首，protect the environment为省略to的不定式作宾语补足语，后接连词and，连接另一个省略to的不定式enjoy living a better life，on the Earth作地点状语。故答案为：Let’s protect the environment and enjoy living a better life on the Earth“让我们保护环境，享受地球上更好的生活”。 易混易错（测试时间：10分钟） 三、按要求完成句子。 1．I find that it is very interesting. （改为同义句） I find . 【答案】 it very interesting 【详解】句意：我认为它非常有趣。find sth. adj.= find that sth. is adj. 表示“认为某物……”。故填it；very；interesting。 2．I often see he plays basketball in the playground. (保持句意不变) I often see basketball in the playground. 【答案】 him play 【详解】句意：我经常看到他在操场上打篮球。结合英文提示，可知考查固定搭配see sb. do/doing sth.“看见某人做/正在做某事”，“看到他打篮球”是经常性的动作，而不是某一时刻看见的，所以用搭配“see him play”符合题意，故填him；play。 3．Some of my friends asked Mr. Fred how they could deal with their problems. (改为简单句) Some of my friends asked Mr. Fred      deal with their problems. 【答案】 how to 【详解】句意：我的一些朋友问弗雷德先生，他们该如何处理他们的问题。 原句ask后跟的是一个宾语从句，要改为简单句，即一个句子里要没有从句，所以把how后面的句子去掉they could改为to do 不定式。故答案为how to。 4．I’m in Class 4, Grade 7.(对划线部分提问) Which you in? 【答案】 class are 【详解】句意：我在七年级四班。题目要求对划线部分提问，划线部分是“Class 4, Grade 7”，表示班级和年级，提问时需要用疑问词“which”来询问具体的班级和年级，由于主语是“you”，所以be动词“am”改为“are”。故填class；are。 5．We tell stories and dance for the sick kids. We find it meaningful. We find to tell stories and dance for the sick kids. 【答案】 it meaningful 【详解】句意：我们为生病的孩子们讲故事、跳舞，我们觉得这很有意义。根据“We tell stories and dance for the sick kids. We find it meaningful.”可知，原句中“find it meaningful”使用了“find+形式宾语it+宾补（形容词）+真正宾语（不定式）”的结构。改写后需保持“find+形式宾语it+宾补+真正宾语”的句式，将“meaningful”作为宾补，“to tell stories and dance for the sick kids”作为真正宾语，形式宾语用“it”替代。故填it；meaningful。 6．“Lucy, come here.” he said. He asked . （改为间接引语） 【答案】Lucy to go there 【详解】句意：他说：“Lucy，过来。”本句话变为间接引语时需将come变为go，here变为there；ask sb. to do表示“让某人做某事”，此处表示“让Lucy去那”，故填Lucy to go there。 7．The zipper was invented by Whitcomb Judson in 1893. (对划线部分提问) the zipper invented by in 1893? 【答案】 Whom was 【详解】句意：拉链是由Whitcomb Judson于 1893 年发明的。对划线部分提问，首先确定特殊疑问词，接着加上一般疑问句。划线处是人名，且在介词by后面作宾语，所以特殊疑问词用疑问代词who的宾格形式whom，再把be动词was提前。故填Whom；was。 8．Paper was invented in the Han Dynasty. (对划线部分提问) paper invented? 【答案】 When was 【详解】句意：纸是在汉朝发明的。划线部分为in the Han Dynasty，需用疑问词when提问，位于句首，首字母大写，was放在主语paper之前，故填When；was。 9．He put the beautiful pictures on the wall. (改为同义句) The beautiful pictures on the wall by him. 【答案】 were put 【详解】句意：他把那些漂亮的画挂在了墙上。原句是主动语态，改为同义句需用被动语态，结构为 “be + 过去分词”。原句时态为一般过去时，且主语是复数，所以be动词用“were”，“put”的过去分词是“put”。故填were；put。 10．The postman brings letters and postcards to people’s homes. (改为同义句) Letters and postcards to people’s homes by the postman. 【答案】 are brought 【详解】句意：邮递员把信件和明信片送到人们家中。主动语态变同义被动语态，核心结构为“原句宾语+be+过去分词+by+原句主语”：原句宾语“letters and postcards”变被动句主语，为复数形式；原句时态为一般现在时，被动语态中be动词用“are”；实义动词“brings”的过去分词为“brought”。故填are；brought。 链接中考（测试时间：15分钟） 四、单词拼写 1．（2025·江苏无锡·中考真题）Hundreds of factories (encourage) to move away or close between 2005 and 2015. 【答案】were encouraged 【详解】句意：在2005年至2015年间，数百家工厂被鼓励搬迁或关闭。根据句子结构可知，主语“Hundreds of factories”与动词“encourage”之间是被动关系，且时间状语“between 2005 and 2015”表明动作发生在过去。因此，此处需要用被动语态的一般过去时形式。一般过去时的被动语态为“was/were + 过去分词”。由于主语是复数形式“Hundreds of factories”，be动词要用复数形式。故填were encouraged。 2．（2025·甘肃兰州·中考真题）The sweet memories in junior high school will be (remember) forever. 【答案】remembered 【详解】句意：初中时的美好回忆将被永远铭记。根据“The sweet memories in junior high school will be...(remember) forever.”可知，此处指美好记忆将被铭记，用被动语态“be done”，空前已有be，空处应是remember的过去分词remembered。故填remembered。 3．（2025·四川德阳·中考真题）A new bridge was b in my hometown last year, making it easier to travel around. 【答案】(b)uilt 【详解】句意：去年我的家乡建了一座新桥，让出行变得更加便捷。根据“A new bridge was...in my hometown last year, making it easier to travel around.”和首字母提示可知，去年建了一座新桥，这让出行更便捷。build“建造，修建”，空处应用其过去分词形式built，与空前的was构成一般过去时的被动语态结构。故填(b)uilt。 4．（2025·甘肃白银·中考真题）Do you know when the car was (invent)? 【答案】invented 【详解】句意：你知道汽车是什么时候发明的吗？此处主语the car和动词invent之间是被动关系，故此处用过去分词和be动词构成被动语态。故填invented。 5．（2025·四川广安·中考真题）Maybe books will be (代替) by the Internet in the future. 【答案】replaced 【详解】句意：也许将来书会被互联网取代。“代替”replace，结合“will be...by”可知，这里是一般将来时的被动语态，所以此处应用动词的过去分词。故填replaced。 6．（2024·江苏南京·中考真题）Anyone interested in Dunhuang will have heard of Fan Jinshi. Fan (know) to many as “the Daughter of Dunhuang”. 【答案】is known 【详解】句意：任何对敦煌感兴趣的人都会听说过樊锦诗。樊锦诗被许多人称为“敦煌的女儿”。主语Fan和动词know之间是被动关系，此处描述客观情况，用一般现在时，be动词用is，know的过去分词是known，be known to“被……所熟知”。故填is known。 7．（2024·西藏·中考真题）Usually, paper cuttings (put) on walls, windows and doors at wedding ceremonies or festivals. 【答案】are put 【详解】句意：通常，在婚礼或节日里，剪纸被贴在墙上、窗户和门上。主语“paper cuttings”与动词put之间是被动关系，结合Usually可知，此处用一般现在时被动语态，主语是复数形式，助动词用are，故填are put。 8．（2022·江苏南京·中考真题）All the dialogue in Baiju (speak) in Nanjing dialect, easy to understand, and full of humor. 【答案】is spoken 【详解】句意：《白驹过隙》中的所有对话都是用南京方言说的，通俗易懂，幽默风趣。分析句子可知，句子时态是一般现在时，主语是All the dialogue，与动词speak之间是被动关系，此处应该用一般现在时的被动语态，其构成是：am/is/are done，主语是All the dialogue，指的是对话整体，be动词用is，speak的过去分词形式为spoken。故填is spoken。 9．（2024·四川德阳·中考真题）I won’t go to Lucy’s birthday party next Sunday unless I am i . 【答案】(i)nvited 【详解】句意：除非我被邀请，否则下星期天我不会去参加露西的生日聚会。根据“I won’t go to Lucy’s birthday party next Sunday”可知此处指邀请去派对，invite表示“邀请”，与I之间是被动关系，此空为动词的过去分词。故填(i)nvited。 10．（2024·江苏无锡·中考真题）This stone bridge (build) over 800 years ago. 【答案】was built 【详解】句意：这座石桥建于800多年前。本句主语是动作的承受者，结合时间状语“over 800 years ago”可知，是一般过去时的被动语态，故填was built。 五、单项选择 1．（2025·海南·中考真题）The ceremony ________ in the school hall. A．held B．was held C．was holding 【答案】B 【详解】句意：仪式在学校大厅举行。 考查被动语态。主语The ceremony与动词hold之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，其结构为“be动词+过去分词”。故选B。 2．（2023·海南·中考真题）The Eld’s deer is one of the most amazing animals in Hainan. They ________ “Po Lu” in Chinese. A．called B．are called C．have called 【答案】B 【详解】句意：坡鹿是海南最神奇的动物之一。他们在中文中被称为“坡鹿”。 考查被动语态。They指代的是The Eld’s deer，和动词call之间是被动关系，句子描述客观事实，故此处用一般现在时的被动语态，主语是They，be动词用are，call的过去分词是called。故选B。 3．（2025·黑龙江哈尔滨·中考真题）—Do you know that tea, one of the most popular drinks in the world, ________ by accident? —Really? It’s my favourite drink. A．was invented B．invented C．was inventing 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——你知道茶，世界上最受欢迎的饮品之一，是偶然发明的吗？——真的吗？它是我最喜欢的饮品。 考查被动语态。主语“tea”与动词“invent”之间是被动关系，且动作发生在过去，故用一般过去时的被动语态was invented。故选A。 4．（2025·西藏·中考真题）More and more new technologies will ________ into our lives by scientists. A．bring B．brought C．be brought D．brings 【答案】C 【详解】句意：越来越多的新技术将被科学家引入我们的生活中。 考查被动语态。分析句子可知，主语More and more new technologies和动词bring之间是被动关系，故此处用一般将来时的被动语态will be done。故选C。 5．（2025·四川凉山·中考真题）—We planted lots of trees on Tree Planting Day. —That’s quite meaningful. To have a greener world, more trees should ________ every year. A．plant B．be planted C．are planted 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——我们在植树节种了很多树。——这很有意义。为了有一个更加绿色的世界，更多的树应该被种植。 考查被动语态。plant原形；be planted被动语态；are planted被动语态。分析语境可知，主语more trees和动词plant之间是被动关系，空格前有情态动词，be动词用原形。故选B。 6．（2016·四川内江·中考真题）I saw Mike go into the library with Mary happily just now. A．宾补 B．状语 C．直宾 D．表语 【答案】A 【详解】句意：刚才我看见迈克和玛丽高兴地一起走进了图书馆。根据关键词saw，可知此处运用了固定用法see sb do sth“看见某人做了某事”，I 为主语，saw为谓语，Mike 为宾语，所以画线部分go into the library with Mary happily作宾语Mike的补足语，进一步补充说明宾语的情况，故选A。 7．（2025·北京·中考真题）Language learning apps ________ by more and more people these days. A．use B．used C．are used D．were used 【答案】C 【详解】句意：如今，越来越多的人在使用语言学习应用程序。 考查动词时态及被动语态。根据“these days”可知，时态是一般现在时。结合“by”可知，此处是被动语态，应用程序被人们使用。故选C。 8．（2025·四川乐山·中考真题）When Tony ________ why he was late for school, he just kept silent. A．asks B．was asked C．will be asked 【答案】B 【详解】句意：当托尼被问到为什么上学迟到时，他只是保持沉默。 考查时态和语态。根据“When Tony...why he was late for school, he just kept silent.”可知，句子用一般过去时，此处指Tony被问及“为什么上学迟到”，用被动语态，即一般过去时的被动语态“was/were done”，故选B。 9．（2025·四川广元·中考真题）We should be honest to our friends, because it ________ to be our traditional value. A．is considered B．was considered C．considered D．considers 【答案】A 【详解】句意：我们应该对朋友诚实，因为这被认为是我们的传统价值观。 考查时态和语态。此处是结构be considered to be“被认为是”，此处描述客观事实，用一般现在时，主语是it，be动词用is。故选A。 10．（2025·福建·中考真题）China’s Beijing Library ________ “Public Library of the Year” in 2024. A．named B．was named C．will be named 【答案】B 【详解】句意：中国的北京图书馆在 2024 年荣获“年度公共图书馆”称号。 考查一般过去时的被动语态。本句主语是动作的承受者，结合“in 2024”可知，此处用一般过去时的被动语态。故选B。 3 / 3 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题01 宾语补足语与被动语态（期末复习讲义） 单元 语法点 常考题型 命题趋势 Unit 6 宾语补足语 被动语态 完形填空 短文填空 阅读表达 补全对话 书面表达 1.注重素养：更加注重对学生英语核心素养的考查。 2.情境化突出：借助生活、学校、社会等多种情境，将语法考察与实际生活相结合。 3.文化传承与价值导向明显：注重选取具有文化内涵和思想价值的语篇。 知识点01 宾语补足语 陈述句用来陈述一件事或表达一种看法。 根据句中的动词类型，通常又划分成以下五种形式： 1. S+V（主语+谓语）如：My head aches. 我头疼。 2. S+V+O（主语+谓语+宾语） 如：Lucy is reading a book. 露西正在读一本书。 3. S+V+O+O（主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语） 如：She showed her friends all her pictures. 她向她的朋友们展示了她所有的照片。 英语中常见的带双宾语的及物动词有：give, bring, buy, get, lend, make, pass, teach, tell, offer 等。 4. S+V+O+C（主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语）如：We keep our classroom clean and tidy. 我们让教室保持干净、整洁。 5. S+V+P（主语+系动词+表语） 如：The bike is new. 这辆自行车是新的。 宾语补足语用于补充说明宾语，通常由形容词、名词、副词、介词短语、v-ing、动词不定式等担任。动词不定式作宾语补足语时是否带to，取决于所跟动词。动词是tell, want, ask, advise, order, know,consider等时，接带to的不定式作宾语补足语;动词是make, let, have, see, watch, hear等时，接不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语。例如: The good news made them happy. We consider Ms. Liu a good teacher. Jane likes to watch her son play soccer. The doctor advised her to stay in bed for two days. Ms. Liu asked us to make crossword puzzles of our heroes. She made her hair stand up with the comb. The Internet can be a useful tool, but don't let it take up all of your time. 易｜错｜点｜拨 注意：混淆 “宾补” 与 “双宾语”：双宾语（如 give sb. sth.）是 “人 + 物”，两者均为动作对象；宾补（如 make sb. happy）是补充说明宾语的状态 / 动作，与宾语有逻辑主谓关系。 【即时检测】 We’d like more students to join the story telling club. A．状语 B．直接宾语 C．宾语补足语 D．谓语 知识点02 被动语态 （一）1. 基本结构为：be+动词的过去分词。 2. 常见时态的主动、被动语态的结构如下表（以动词 do 为例）： 时 态 主动语态 被动语态 例句 （被动语态） 一般现在时 do/ does am/ is/are+done The classroom is cleaned by us. 教室 是我们打扫的。 一般过去时 did was/ were+donee The kite was made by him. 这只风筝是他制作的。 一般将来时 will/ shall/be going to+do will/ shall/be going to+be done Trees will be planted by them tomorrow. 明天他们将会种树。 含有情态动词 can/ may/ must+do can/ may/must+be done He can be found by me. 他可以被我找到。 （二）使用被动语态的情况 1. 不知道动作的执行者是谁。 如：This watch was made in China. 这块手表是中国制造的。 2. 没有必要指出动作的执行者是谁。 如：More trees must be planted every year. 每年必须种更多的树。 3. 需要强调或突出动作的承受者。 如：Chinese is spoken by more and more people in the world. 世界上越来越多的人说汉语。 4. 动作的发出者不是人。 如：Many houses were washed away in the flood. 许多房子在洪水中被冲走了。 （三）主动语态表被动意义的情况 1. open, lock, write, read, sell, clean, wash, cut, burn, drive 等词作不及物动词时，它们的主语为物，可用主动语态表示被动意义。 如： This kind of pen writes very smoothly. 这种钢笔写起来很流畅。 2. look, sound, taste, feel, smell 等感官动词用主动形式表示被动意义。 如：School uniforms look good on us. 我们穿着校服很好看。 3. be worth doing 中，doing 表示被动意义。 如：This film is worth seeing. 这部电影值得一看。 4.“want/ need/ require +doing”相当于“want/ need/ require+to be done”。to be done 是不定式的被动结构。 如：My bike needs repairing.=My bike needs to be repaired. 我的自行车需要修理。 【即时检测】 _________ the new park _________ in Shanghai two years ago? A．Does; build B．Did; build C．Is; built D．Was; built 基础通关（测试时间：10分钟） 1、 单项选择 1．When Tom was young, he didn’t like his lessons. His teacher thought ________. In fact, he read a lot of books with the help of his parents. A．he a bad boy B．him a bad boy C．him was a bad 2．—Who else do you prefer to have ________ our next week’s Christmas party? —Mrs. Brown and her children. A．attend B．to attend C．attended D．attending 3．Mary asked me to help her yesterday. A．定语 B．状语 C．宾补 D．表语 4．—Why don’t you listen to tapes to practice your listening? —Well, I find it’s ________ difficult for me ________ follow. A．too; to B．so; that C．such; that D．enough; to 5．Don’t look! You should keep your eyes ________. A．close B．closing C．closed D．closes 6．________ an interest in something can make your brain __________. A．Create; more actively B．Creating; more active C．Create; active D．Creating; more actively 7．Lucy tried to make Alice ________ her mind but failed. A．change B．to change C．changing D．changed 8．—This Chinese brush painting is my favorite. It ________ in the Qing Dynasty. —The painter Zheng Banqiao (1693-1766) was famous for drawing bamboo. A．made B．is made C．was made 9．The ancient cultural relics, which were discovered in a small village last year, ________ in a special museum now to protect them from damage. A．are preserving B．were preserved C．are being preserved D．will be preserved 10．The advanced smartwatch, which boasts innovative health-monitoring functions, ________ in major electronics stores across the country since last month, and it ________ by a large number of tech lovers so far. A．has been on sale; has been purchased B．is on sale; has purchased C．has been on sale; purchased D．was on sale; has been purchased 11．—I think China’s 2025 military parade is fantastic! Do you think so? —I totally agree! One of its important meanings is to remind us that the People’s Republic of China ________ in 1949, and we should always cherish the life now. A．found B．was founded C．is founding 12．Nobody could tell exactly ________ the ancient treasure ________ hidden during the war, but many people were still searching for it. A．when; was B．that; was C．whether; has been D．if; was 13．After they landed, they ________ to a nice restaurant by the local officials. A．are led B．were guided C．took D．are shown 14．Fu Zai, a cute police dog, ________ to better deal with different environments in the near future. A．will train B．trains C．will be trained D．was trained 15．—Do you think AI can completely take teachers’ jobs in the future? —No, many tasks ________ by AI, but teachers’ care can never be copied. A．done B．doing C．are doing D．are done 重难突破（测试时间：10分钟） 二.完成句子 1．有一个让汽车司机减速的指示牌。 There was a sign telling drivers to . 2．这部无聊的电影使不少观众都睡着了。 The boring movie made a lot of people . 3．当他下班回来， 他发现他的卧室乱七八糟。 He found when he came back from work. 4．2021年, 中国采取了一系列措施来提高教育质量。 In 2021, China took a series of measures to the quality of education. 5．昨天什么事情使你这么生气呢？ What yesterday? 6．have a good sleep, doctors, us, advise, to . 7．asks, to, our teacher, us, some food, take . 8．read, teaching, he, the kids, is, to     . 9．great fun, found, through hard work, I, to achieve something, it . 10．protect，enjoy，let’s，living，the，better，on，environment，Earth，and，the，a，life（连词成句） . 易混易错（测试时间：10分钟） 三、按要求完成句子。 1．I find that it is very interesting. （改为同义句） I find . 2．I often see he plays basketball in the playground. (保持句意不变) I often see basketball in the playground. 3．Some of my friends asked Mr. Fred how they could deal with their problems. (改为简单句) Some of my friends asked Mr. Fred      deal with their problems. 4．I’m in Class 4, Grade 7.(对划线部分提问) Which you in? 5．We tell stories and dance for the sick kids. We find it meaningful. We find to tell stories and dance for the sick kids. 6．“Lucy, come here.” he said. He asked . （改为间接引语） 7．The zipper was invented by Whitcomb Judson in 1893. (对划线部分提问) the zipper invented by in 1893? 8．Paper was invented in the Han Dynasty. (对划线部分提问) paper invented? 9．He put the beautiful pictures on the wall. (改为同义句) The beautiful pictures on the wall by him. 10．The postman brings letters and postcards to people’s homes. (改为同义句) Letters and postcards to people’s homes by the postman. 链接中考（测试时间：15分钟） 四、单词拼写 1．（2025·江苏无锡·中考真题）Hundreds of factories (encourage) to move away or close between 2005 and 2015. 2．（2025·甘肃兰州·中考真题）The sweet memories in junior high school will be (remember) forever. 3．（2025·四川德阳·中考真题）A new bridge was b in my hometown last year, making it easier to travel around. 4．（2025·甘肃白银·中考真题）Do you know when the car was (invent)? 5．（2025·四川广安·中考真题）Maybe books will be (代替) by the Internet in the future. 6．（2024·江苏南京·中考真题）Anyone interested in Dunhuang will have heard of Fan Jinshi. Fan (know) to many as “the Daughter of Dunhuang”. 7．（2024·西藏·中考真题）Usually, paper cuttings (put) on walls, windows and doors at wedding ceremonies or festivals. 8．（2022·江苏南京·中考真题）All the dialogue in Baiju (speak) in Nanjing dialect, easy to understand, and full of humor. 9．（2024·四川德阳·中考真题）I won’t go to Lucy’s birthday party next Sunday unless I am i . 10．（2024·江苏无锡·中考真题）This stone bridge (build) over 800 years ago. 五、单项选择 1．（2025·海南·中考真题）The ceremony ________ in the school hall. A．held B．was held C．was holding 2．（2023·海南·中考真题）The Eld’s deer is one of the most amazing animals in Hainan. They ________ “Po Lu” in Chinese. A．called B．are called C．have called 3．（2025·黑龙江哈尔滨·中考真题）—Do you know that tea, one of the most popular drinks in the world, ________ by accident? —Really? It’s my favourite drink. A．was invented B．invented C．was inventing 4．（2025·西藏·中考真题）More and more new technologies will ________ into our lives by scientists. A．bring B．brought C．be brought D．brings 5．（2025·四川凉山·中考真题）—We planted lots of trees on Tree Planting Day. —That’s quite meaningful. To have a greener world, more trees should ________ every year. A．plant B．be planted C．are planted 6．（2016·四川内江·中考真题）I saw Mike go into the library with Mary happily just now. A．宾补 B．状语 C．直宾 D．表语 7．（2025·北京·中考真题）Language learning apps ________ by more and more people these days. A．use B．used C．are used D．were used 8．（2025·四川乐山·中考真题）When Tony ________ why he was late for school, he just kept silent. A．asks B．was asked C．will be asked 9．（2025·四川广元·中考真题）We should be honest to our friends, because it ________ to be our traditional value. A．is considered B．was considered C．considered D．considers 10．（2025·福建·中考真题）China’s Beijing Library ________ “Public Library of the Year” in 2024. A．named B．was named C．will be named 3 / 3 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $