Unit 3 Food and Culture 语法Grammar 过去完成时及其被动语态-2025-2026学年高二英语人教版选择性必修第二册

Unit 3 Food and Culture 过去完成时及其被动语态练习 一、单句语法填空 1．When I arrived at the station, the train (leave) already. I had to wait for the next one. 【答案】had left 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：当我到达车站时，火车已经开走了。我不得不等下一班。根据when时间状语从句中为一般过去时的谓语动词的arrived和语境可知，“到达车站”是过去的动作，“火车离开”发生在“到达”之前，即“过去的过去”，应用过去完成时。故填had left。 2．By the time he was ten, he (learn) 1000 English words. 【答案】had learned/had learnt 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：到他十岁的时候，他已经学了1000个英语单词。“By the time + 一般过去时从句” 作时间状语时，主句需用过去完成时，表示“截止到过去某个时间已经完成的动作”，learn的过去分词为learned/learnt。故填had learned/had learnt。 3．By the time we arrived, the meeting (start). 【答案】had started 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：我们到达时，会议已经开始了。By the time引导的时间状语从句使用一般过去时，主句动作发生在从句动作之前，即“过去的过去”，应使用过去完成时。故填had started。 4．He explained how he (connect) his old speaker to the new TV last weekend. 【答案】connected/had connected 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：他解释了上周末他是如何把旧音箱连接到新电视上的。explained后为how引导的宾语从句，从句中缺少谓语动词。根据时间状语last weekend可知，此处描述过去发生的事情，用一般过去时，所以填connected；另外，connect这一动作也可以表示发生在explained之前，即“过去的过去”，也可以用过去完成时had connected。故答案为connected/ had connected。 5．The farmers (harvest) all the ripe vegetables in the field by the time the storm hit. 【答案】had harvested 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：暴风雨来袭时，农民们已经收割完地里所有成熟的蔬菜。根据时间状语“by the time + 从句”可知，从句中的谓语动词为一般过去时，所以此处是过去完成时，强调主句动作发生在从句动作之前，谓语动词需用“had +过去分词”形式，harvest的过去分词为harvested。故填had harvested。 6．When I got to the top of the mountain, the sun (rise). 【答案】had risen 【详解】考查过去完成时的用法。句意：当我到达山顶时，太阳已经升起了。根据时间状语从句“When I got to the top of the mountain(当我到达山顶时)”可知，“太阳升起”发生在“到达山顶”这一过去动作之前，表示“过去的过去”，需用过去完成时“had + 过去分词”。rise的过去分词为risen。故填had risen。 7．They (work) on the project for two weeks before they got the support they needed. 【答案】had worked 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：他们在这个项目上工作了两个星期才得到所需的支持。句子中有两个动作，work on the project和got the support，work“工作”这个动作发生在got之前，是过去的过去，所以用过去完成时，其结构是“had+过去分词”。故填had worked。 8．Before I set off for the cafeteria, I (think) of what I would order for my family. 【答案】had thought 【详解】考查时态。句意：在我出发去自助餐厅之前，我已经想好了要为我的家人点什么。think of(考虑到；想到)作主句谓语，发生在从句动作“set off”之前，即“过去的过去”，应用过去完成时态。故填had thought。 9．Though it was the first time that I (visit) the small town, I fell in love with it at first sight. 【答案】had visited 【详解】考查时态。句意：尽管我是初次到访这个小镇，却已一见倾心。主句谓语部分fell in love with使用一般过去时，空处visit这个动作发生于fell in love with之前，表示过去的过去，应使用过去完成时。故填had visited。 10．We (intend) to take the morning train to the countryside, but heavy rain forced us to change our plan. 【答案】had intended 【详解】考查过去完成时。句意：我们原打算乘早班火车去乡下，但大雨迫使我们改变了计划。intend(打算)是谓语动词，根据句意可知，“打算乘早班火车去乡下”这个动作发生在“大雨迫使我们改变计划”之前，即“过去的过去”，应用过去完成时态had intended。故填had intended。 11．Mr Smith (quit) his job as an editor before he applied for a position at a local middle school. 【答案】had quit 【详解】考查时态。句意：史密斯先生在申请当地一所中学的职位之前就辞去了编辑的工作。根据“before he applied for a position at a local middle school”可知，quit这一动作发生在applied之前，也就是“过去的过去”，时态应用过去完成时，谓语用had quit。故填had quit。 12．We (memorize) over two thousand English words by the end of last term. 【答案】had memorized 【详解】考查时态。句意：到上学期末，我们已经背诵了两千多个英语单词。由时间状语“by the end of last term”可知，句子时态用过去完成时，表示在过去的过去已经完成的动作，因此谓语动词是had memorized。故填had memorized。 13．It was the first time that they (meet) each other. 【答案】had met 【详解】考查固定句型的时态。句意：那是他们第一次见面。“It was the first time that...”是固定句型，意为“那是某人第一次做某事”，其中that引导的从句需用过去完成时，谓语动词形式为“had done”，表示从句动作发生在主句谓语动词“was”所体现的过去时间之前，属于“过去的过去”；meet的过去分词形式为met。故填had met。 14．They were part of a 15-member exploring party that (spend) almost five awesome weeks in the winds of the natural beauties there. 【答案】had spent 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：他们是一个由15人组成的探险队的一部分，他们花了近五个星期的时间来见证那里的自然美景。根据句意和前文were可知，此处表示在过去某时之前发生的事情，动词spend用过去完成时。故填had spent。 15．The children (consume) all the hot dogs and hamburgers when I came in. 【答案】had consumed 【详解】考查时态。句意：我进来时，孩子们已经吃光了所有的热狗和汉堡包。由when I came in可知，空格处时态用过去完成时，表示在过去某个时间以前已经完成的动作，因此空格处是had consumed。故填had consumed。 16．I (expect) to arrive on time, but I was caught in the traffic jam. 【答案】had expected 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：我本期望能准时到达，但却遇上了交通堵塞。根据“but I was caught in the traffic jam (但我遇上了交通堵塞)”可知，“遇上堵车”用的是一般过去时，因此是过去发生的动作。“期望准时到达”是发生在“遇上堵车”之前，是“过去的过去”，应用过去完成时（had+过去分词）来体现动作的先后顺序。had expected to表示“本期望……，但结果并非如此”。故填had expected。 17．They (plan) to have a rest in the café, but something unexpected happened. 【答案】had planned 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：他们原计划在咖啡馆休息一下，但意外的事情发生了。空处作谓语，根据“but something unexpected happened”可知，他们的计划没有实现，应用过去完成时表示过去未曾实现的希望、打算或意图，had planned to do意为“本打算做而没有做”。故填had planned。 18．Over 200 students from our school   (admit) to Peking University by the end of last year. 【答案】had been admitted 【详解】考查动词的时态和被动语态。句意：到去年年底，我们学校已有200多名学生被北京大学录取。主语“Over 200 students”与“admit”之间是被动关系，需用被动语态；“by the end of last year”（到去年年底）是过去完成时的标志词，故此处应填过去完成时的被动语态结构“had been+过去分词”，admit的过去分词为admitted。故填had been admitted。 19．This was the second time that she (elect) to the Senate. 【答案】had been elected 【详解】考查动词的时态和语态。句意：这是她第二次当选参议院议员。本句使用的是“This was the+序数词+time+that引导的从句.”句型，从句必须用过去完成时。主语she和动词elect(选举)之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，要用过去完成时的被动语态had been+过去分词。故填had been elected。 20．The old factory (transform) into an art gallery by the end of last year, attracting thousands of visitors monthly. 【答案】had been transformed 【详解】考查时态和语态。句意：到去年年底，这家破旧的工厂已经被改造成了一个艺术画廊，每月吸引数千名游客。by the end of是固定短语，表示“到……为止”，其后时间last year表示的是过去的时间，谓语动词用过去完成时，又因主语The old factory与transform是被动关系，所以此处用过去完成时的被动语态。故填had been transformed。 21．The classroom (clean) before the meeting yesterday. 【答案】had been cleaned 【详解】考查时态语态。句意：昨天开会前教室已经打扫过了。设空处为谓语，主语classroom和clean之间为被动关系，“before the meeting yesterday”表明“打扫教室”这个动作发生在昨天会议之前，是过去的过去，所以用过去完成时的被动语态，其结构是“had+been+过去分词”，clean的过去分词是cleaned。故填had been cleaned。 22．When I got to the cinema, the tickets (sell) out. 【答案】had been sold 【详解】考查动词时态语态。句意：当我到达电影院时，票已经卖完了。sell out这一动作发生在got to之前，即过去的过去，需用过去完成时。tickets和sell out是动宾关系，需用被动语态，为had been sold，作主句谓语。故填had been sold。 23．This genetic influence (observe) in between 34 per cent for frequency of garden visits and 44 per cent for public nature space visits, they said. 【答案】was observed/had been observed 【详解】考查时态语态。句意：他们表示，这种遗传影响体现在34%的花园访问频率和44%的公共自然空间访问频率中。observe（观测）是谓语动词，与主语This genetic influence是被动关系，根据语境，动作发生在过去，可用一般过去时的被动语态was observed，也可理解为动作发生在“他们表示”之前，即“过去的过去”，用过去完成时的被动语态had been observed。故填was observed/had been observed。 24．When I got to the teahouse yesterday, I just found the activity (cancel) as nobody was there. 【答案】had been canceled 【详解】考查动词时态和语态。句意：当我昨天到达茶馆时，我才发现活动被取消了，因为那里没有人。分析句子可知，空处为宾语从句的谓语动词，“activity”与“cancel”是被动关系，用被动语态；“活动被取消”发生在“我到达茶馆（got to）”之前，属于 “过去的过去”，需用过去完成时。故填had been canceled。 25．It was the third time that a community library (found) in that rural area. 【答案】had been founded 【详解】考查时态和语态。句意：这是在那个农村地区第三次建立社区图书馆。it was the+序数词+time+that...“这是第几次做某事”是固定句型，that引导的定语从句应用过去完成时，且主语library和found是被动关系，因此用过去完成时的被动语态had been done。故填had been founded。 26．It was the first time that the message (relay) virally in the mass media. 【答案】had been relayed 【详解】考查时态语态。句意：这是该消息首次通过大众媒体进行广泛传播。此处为句型it was the first time that+过去完成时，且主语与谓语构成被动关系。故填had been relayed。 27．By the end of last year, 2,000 cars (produce) by the company. 【答案】had been produced 【详解】考查动词时态和语态。句意：到去年年底，这家公司已经生产了2000辆汽车。时间状语“By the end of last year”表示“到去年年底”，是过去完成时的标志，谓语动词produce(生产)与主语cars之间是被动关系，应用过去完成时的被动语态。故填had been produced。 28．The house (destroy) by the hurricane before they took measures. 【答案】had been destroyed 【详解】考查动词时态语态。句意：在他们采取措施之前，房子已被飓风摧毁。根据“before they took measures”可知，房子被摧毁发生在“采取措施”之前，即发生在过去的过去，且主语The house和destroy“破坏”之间是被动关系，所以此处用过去完成时的被动语态，谓语用had been destroyed。故填had been destroyed。 29．It was reported that several people had been (arrest). 【答案】arrested 【详解】考查被动语态。句意：据报道，有几个人已被逮捕。“had been + 过去分词”构成过去完成时的被动语态，句子主语“several people（几个人）”与“arrest（逮捕）”是被动关系，即几个人被逮捕。故填arrested。 30．I soon found that the work I was doing (do) by other people. 【答案】had been done 【详解】考查动词时态和语态。句意：我很快就发现我在做的工作已经由其他人完成。空处作that引导的宾语从句的谓语，do“做，完成”和主语the work之间是被动关系，需用被动语态，且结合“found”和“was doing”可知，“由其他人完成”是发生在“发现”之前的行为，即过去的过去，时态应用过去完成时。故填had been done。 二、完成句子 31．再次经过那座被遗弃的房子时，我发现了打破的窗户，它已经被完美地修复了。 Passing the deserted house again, I spotted the broken window, which perfectly. 【答案】had been repaired 【详解】考查动词和时态语态。表示“维修”可用动词repair，作从句谓语动词，主语which指代先行词window，和repair之间为被动关系，且该动作发生在“注意到”之前，即过去的过去，故应用过去完成时的被动语态。故填had been repaired。 32．我可以看出我有多少时间都被用来查看我的手机。 I can see how much of my time had checking my phone. 【答案】 been occupied/used with/for 【详解】考查被动语态与固定短语。句意：我可以看出我有多少时间都被用来查看我的手机。根据汉语提示“被用来”可知，此处考查固定短语occupy...with.../use...for...，意为“把……用于……”；主语my time与occupy/use之间是被动关系，需用被动语态；空前有助动词had，故此处为过去完成时的被动语态，结构为had been+过去分词，occupy的过去分词为occupied，use的过去分词为used。故填been occupied with/been used for。 33．这是她第一次被邀请参观长城，这让她非常高兴。 That was the first time that she the Great Wall, which made her extremely delighted. 【答案】had been invited to visit 【详解】考查时态和语态。“That was the first time that...”结构中，that从句要用过去完成时。“她”是“被邀请”，所以要用被动语态，过去完成时的被动结构为“had been + 过去分词”。“邀请某人做某事”是“invite sb. to do sth.”，其被动形式为“sb. be invited to do sth.”，“参观”用动词“visit”表示。故填had been invited to visit。 34．这两名护士得到了警察的奖励10万元，但他们捐给了爆炸的受害者。 The two nurses with 100,000 yuan by the police but they donated it to victims of the explosion. 【答案】had been rewarded 【详解】考查动词的时态和语态。根据英汉意思对比可知，空处应填“得到了……奖励”。“奖励”为动词reward，主语The two nurses与reward之间是被动关系，需用被动语态；“得到奖励”发生在“捐给受害者”之前，“donated”是过去式，故“得到奖励”应用过去完成时的被动语态“had been+过去分词”，reward的过去分词为rewarded。故填had been rewarded。 35．截至上月底，该项目中的三套公寓已完工。 Three apartments in the project as expected by the end of last month. 【答案】had been finished 【详解】考查时态和语态。“by the end of last month”（截至上月底）是过去完成时的标志，表示“过去的过去”发生的动作。句子主语“Three apartments”与“finish”之间是被动关系，即“公寓被完成”，所以要用过去完成时的被动语态，其结构为“had been + 过去分词”。故填had been finished。 36．I received the sad news that he in a motorcycle accident. 我得知了这个不幸的消息，说他在一场摩托车事故中丧生。 【答案】had been killed 【详解】考查时态和语态。“丧生”使用动词kill，根据received可知，“得知消息”是过去发生的动作，而“他在事故中丧生”这一动作发生在“得知消息”之前，即“过去的过去”，应用过去完成时；且he和kill之间是被动关系，应使用被动语态，故填had been killed。 37．她终于找到了：一条简洁又美丽的表链，和他的金表很配，那只金表是他的祖父传给他的。 She found it at last: a simple but beautiful watch chain for his gold watch, which had been to him from his grandfather. 【答案】 passed down 【详解】考查动词短语。分析句子和句意可知，which引导的定语从句表示“那只金表是他的祖父传给他的”，动词短语短语pass down sth to sb表示“把某物传给某人”，“which”指代先行词“gold watch”，与pass down之间为被动关系，由“had been”可知，该句为过去完成时的被动语态，空处应用过去分词形式。故空①填passed；空②填down。 38．The covering earth by the heavy rain. 覆盖的土被大雨冲走了。 【答案】had been washed away 【详解】考查时态和被动语态。对比中英文句子可知，空格处意为“被冲走了”，“冲走”是wash away，土已经被冲走，且描述过去某个时间点之前已经完成的动作，因此空格处用过去完成时的被动语态，即had been washed away。故填had been washed away。 39．The truth was . 事情的真相是宽街水泵抽上来的水被废弃物污染了。 【答案】that the water from the Broad Street pump had been infected by waste 【详解】考查表语从句和时态。该空引导表语从句，从句结构完整、不缺成分和意义，用that引导，从句中主语是“宽街水泵抽上来的水”the water from the Broad Street pump，“污染”表示在此之前的事用过去完成时，“水”和infect (污染、使携带病菌)是被动关系，用过去完成时的被动语态，表示为had been infected，“被废弃物”用by waste表示，故填that the water from the Broad Street pump had been infected by waste。 40． when the hurricane ended? 飓风结束的时候，有多少建筑物被毁坏了? 【答案】How many buildings had been destroyed 【详解】考查动词、名词和时态。根据中文提示可知，表示“有多少”应用how many；表示“建筑物”应用buildings，在本句中作主语；表示“被毁坏了”应用had been destroyed，为被动语态，时态为过去完成时，表“过去的过去”，指buildings had been destroyed这件事发生在the hurricane ended之前。故填How many buildings had been destroyed。 试卷第1页，共3页 试卷第1页，共3页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 3 Food and Culture 过去完成时及其被动语态练习 一、单句语法填空 1．When I arrived at the station, the train (leave) already. I had to wait for the next one. 2．By the time he was ten, he (learn) 1000 English words. 3．By the time we arrived, the meeting (start). 4．He explained how he (connect) his old speaker to the new TV last weekend. 5．The farmers (harvest) all the ripe vegetables in the field by the time the storm hit. 6．When I got to the top of the mountain, the sun (rise). 7．They (work) on the project for two weeks before they got the support they needed. 8．Before I set off for the cafeteria, I (think) of what I would order for my family. 9．Though it was the first time that I (visit) the small town, I fell in love with it at first sight. 10．We (intend) to take the morning train to the countryside, but heavy rain forced us to change our plan. 11．Mr Smith (quit) his job as an editor before he applied for a position at a local middle school. 12．We (memorize) over two thousand English words by the end of last term. 13．It was the first time that they (meet) each other. 14．They were part of a 15-member exploring party that (spend) almost five awesome weeks in the winds of the natural beauties there. 15．The children (consume) all the hot dogs and hamburgers when I came in. 16．I (expect) to arrive on time, but I was caught in the traffic jam. 17．They (plan) to have a rest in the café, but something unexpected happened. 18．Over 200 students from our school   (admit) to Peking University by the end of last year. 19．This was the second time that she (elect) to the Senate. 20．The old factory (transform) into an art gallery by the end of last year, attracting thousands of visitors monthly. 21．The classroom (clean) before the meeting yesterday. 22．When I got to the cinema, the tickets (sell) out. 23．This genetic influence (observe) in between 34 per cent for frequency of garden visits and 44 per cent for public nature space visits, they said. 24．When I got to the teahouse yesterday, I just found the activity (cancel) as nobody was there. 25．It was the third time that a community library (found) in that rural area. 26．It was the first time that the message (relay) virally in the mass media. 27．By the end of last year, 2,000 cars (produce) by the company. 28．The house (destroy) by the hurricane before they took measures. 29．It was reported that several people had been (arrest). 30．I soon found that the work I was doing (do) by other people. 二、完成句子 31．再次经过那座被遗弃的房子时，我发现了打破的窗户，它已经被完美地修复了。 Passing the deserted house again, I spotted the broken window, which perfectly. 32．我可以看出我有多少时间都被用来查看我的手机。 I can see how much of my time had checking my phone. 33．这是她第一次被邀请参观长城，这让她非常高兴。 That was the first time that she the Great Wall, which made her extremely delighted. 34．这两名护士得到了警察的奖励10万元，但他们捐给了爆炸的受害者。 The two nurses with 100,000 yuan by the police but they donated it to victims of the explosion. 35．截至上月底，该项目中的三套公寓已完工。 Three apartments in the project as expected by the end of last month. 36．I received the sad news that he in a motorcycle accident. 我得知了这个不幸的消息，说他在一场摩托车事故中丧生。 37．她终于找到了：一条简洁又美丽的表链，和他的金表很配，那只金表是他的祖父传给他的。 She found it at last: a simple but beautiful watch chain for his gold watch, which had been to him from his grandfather. 38．The covering earth by the heavy rain. 覆盖的土被大雨冲走了。 39．The truth was . 事情的真相是宽街水泵抽上来的水被废弃物污染了。 40． when the hurricane ended? 飓风结束的时候，有多少建筑物被毁坏了? 试卷第1页，共3页 试卷第1页，共3页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $