选择性必修第四册 UNIT 5 Into the unknown（课后提能案）-【优学精研】2026年高考英语一轮总复习学用word（外研版）

UNIT 5　Into the unknown Ⅰ.阅读理解 　　（2025·漳州模拟）A starfish has five identical arms with a layer of “tube feet” beneath them. Have you ever wondered whether starfish have defined front and back ends — and if they have no heads at all？ The answer suggests new genetic （基因的） research is the opposite. “It’s as if the starfish is completely missing a trunk，” said Laurent Formery at Stanford University. “And it’s best described as just a head crawling along the seafloor.” 　　Starfish belong to echinoderms with lines of symmetry （对称） radiating out from a center point， like spokes on a wheel. So the unusual animals have unique body plans（结构）arranged in five equal sections that greatly differ from the bodies of bilateral animals， which have left and right sides mirroring each other. 　　Starfish begin as fertilized eggs that hatch and become larvae （幼虫） that float in the ocean for weeks to months before settling on the ocean floor. There， they go through a process that transforms a bilateral body into a star shape. “This has been a mystery for centuries，” said Christopher Lowe at Stanford University. 　　Researchers used new methods of genetic sequencing to create an unprecedented 3D map to determine where genes were expressed as starfish developed and grew. They found that genetic features associated with the development of a head were detected all-over the starfish especially concentrated in the center of the star and the center of each “arm”. Meanwhile， gene expression for trunk sections was largely absent. “This suggested that starfish have the most dramatic example of decoupling of the head and the trunk regions that we are aware of today，” said Formery. 　　Studying groups like echinoderms could solve some of the most complex mysteries about the evolution of life on Earth. “People are generally not drawn to these animals， and yet they probably represent how much of life got started，” Lowe said. Understanding how animals like starfish have developed could also allow insights into the varied ways that different species remain healthy. Daniel Rokhsar at the University of California said，“If we explore unusual animals that are operating in unusual ways， that means we are broadening our perspective of biology. This is eventually going to help us solve both ecological and biomedical problems.” 1.In what aspect are starfish different？（　　） A.They have no trunks at all. B.They have left and right sides. C.They have a star shape from birth. D.They have unequally stretching arms. 2.How did researchers explore the mystery of starfish？（　　） A.By creating a seabed map. B.By comparing body plans. C.By locating their gene expressions. D.By tracking their development and growth. 3.What does the underlined word “decoupling” in Paragraph 4 mean？（　　） A.Forming. B.Separating. C.Exchanging. D.Expanding. 4.Why do scientists study unusual animals？（　　） A.To reveal the origin of life. B.To improve health of diverse species. C.To promote the research in related fields. D.To raise people’s concern about marine animals. Ⅱ.阅读七选五 　　（2025·云南模拟）An increasing number of researches indicate that warming temperatures are causing more deaths in creatures ranging from birds in Mojave Desert to bumblebees in North America. Researchers warn that heat stress could become a major factor in future extinctions of wildlife. 5.（　　） 　　It is essential to have plenty of water for wildlife to drink and bathe in. Hot weather can be great for some creatures. 6.（　　） A shallow dish of water will benefit a wide range of wildlife. If you want to do more， you can create a tiny pond. It’s possible to make a simple one out of an old washing-up bowl. 　　You can also help animals by offering them somewhere cool to take a break. 7.（　　） Heatwaves are not the time to tidy your garden either — leave some plants uncut. They’ll provide shelter and food if they’ve gone to seed. 　　Food is also crucial. You can grow plants that can continuously supply quality food sources. 8.（　　） Be sure what you are giving is high-quality and digestible. Keep food dry and clean any feeders that animals come in direct contact with to decrease possible illnesses. 　　9.（　　） Compared with plants， concrete surfaces absorb more heat in the day — about more than 20℃ hotter than grass. So why don’t you replace those surfaces with plants？ Besides， in the shade of trees， surface temperatures can be reduced by around 10℃， so planting a tree in your garden will cool both you and wildlife down. A.Reducing the heat can be another effective way. B.Artificial feeding with feeders can also be a great idea. C.Luckily， you can extend a helping hand with some easy steps. D.A pile of wood in a shady corner will offer places for insects to hide. E.How can you make your local area become more friendly to animals？ F.Follow these simple tips to make sure you’re keeping animals properly. G.But even heat-loving creatures can’t survive unless they can obtain enough water. Ⅲ.完形填空 　　In a small town lived Matthew， a diligent youth with a passion for English.Nevertheless， he was completely 　10　 of the online world， leading him to pay a heavy 　11　 in a case later. 　　One day， Matthew received an email from a stranger， claiming by 　12　 a special English learning material， he could easily improve his grades.The email also 　13　 several success stories， which convinced Matthew.He followed the instructions and transferred much money to the sender’s 　14　.Receiving the material， he found it worthless.Matthew felt 　15　 and regretful， yet powerless. 　　However， the story didn’t 　16　 there.After the setback， Matthew began to 　17　 the world of online scams （诈骗）.Discovering similar ones， he decided to use his English skills to expose them on social media， and 　18　 people to be watchful of online scams. 　　Matthew’s story spread throughout the town.People expressed their 　19　 and support.With his assistance， many people escaped online scams.Everyone needs to 　20　 learn about relevant knowledge so as to enhance their awareness of 　21　. 　　The Internet isn’t without risks.When we 　22　 setbacks， don’t give up.It’s these experiences that make us more mature and cherish our 　23　 and privacy.Let’s unite to establish a safe and 　24　 online environment！ 10.（　）A.capable　　　　　　　B.ignorant 　　　　　　　C.cautious　　　　　　　 D.suspicious 11.（　）A.price B.fine C.rent D.debt 12.（　）A.sharing B.reviewing C.developing D.purchasing 13.（　）A.lacked B.deleted C.included D.translated 14.（　）A.donation B.contract C.account D.document 15.（　）A.cheated B.relieved C.rejected D.motivated 16.（　）A.end B.occur C.progress D.transform 17.（　）A.withdraw from B.interact with C.push forward D.dig into 18.（　）A.reminded B.permitted C.forbade D.hired 19.（　）A.anxiety B.admiration C.desire D.forgiveness 20.（　）A.rapidly B.temporarily C.individually D.continuously 21.（　）A.charity B.reform C.prevention D.participation 22.（　）A.cause B.encounter C.witness D.bear 23.（　）A.wisdom B.memory C.freedom D.property 24.（　）A.accessible B.permanent C.harmonious D.complicated Ⅳ.语法填空 　　（2025·石家庄质检） Dunhuang used to be a major stop along the Silk Road，but is now mainly a fascinating tourist destination.Those interested 25.　　　　　　 Dunhuang’s colorful history will be attracted by the Mogao Caves， one of the city’s main attractions.The entrance to each cave 26.　　　　　　 （block） by a locked door， which can only be opened by expert guides.Behind these doors are caves of all 27.　　　　　　 （size） — from very small to absolutely huge.The caves contain thousands of priceless manuscripts and silk paintings，which，upon their discovery，drew much 28.　　　　　　 （attend） to the area. 　　Also， there are few things as special as walking across the desert oasis at sunrise.29.　　　　　　 （catch） this incredible scene， you must rise early. It’s bitterly cold. But as the sun rises atop the golden dunes （沙丘） and paints a 30.　　　　　　 （true） picturesque scene， all your efforts pay off. Sunset is a popular time for a camel ride. Get off the camels 31.　　　　　　 walk up a rather steep dune overlooking Crescent Lake.From this position，32.　　　　　　 （regard） as the best one，the incredible sunset is awe-inspiring. 　　No trip to Dunhuang is complete without visiting the Dunhuang Museum，33.　　　　　　 it’s possible to put all of the city’s historical sites into proper historical context.The museum is expansive，34.　　　　　　 （contain） many original artworks.Here， you are bound to be amazed by Dunhuang’s rich culture. Ⅴ.应用文写作 　　（2025·贵阳适应性考试）当下，正值踏青赏花好时节，贵州各地迎来了大量游客，然而旅游中不文明行为时有发生。假定你是校英文报主编李华，请你为校英文报写一篇倡议书，呼吁大家文明出游，内容包括： 　　（1）不文明出游的现象；（2）对文明出游发出倡议。 注意：（1）写作词数应为80个左右；（2）可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 3 / 3 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ UNIT 5　Into the unknown Ⅰ. 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了新的基因研究对海星身体结构的发现。 1.B　细节理解题。根据第二段第二句可知，海星不同的地方是它们有左右两边。 2.C　推理判断题。根据第四段第一句可知，研究人员通过定位海星的基因表达来探索海星的奥秘。 3.B　词义猜测题。根据第四段中的Meanwhile， gene expression for trunk sections was largely absent.可知，画线单词所在句可理解为：这表明海星有我们今天所知道的最引人注目的头部和躯干区域分离的例子。由此可猜测，画线单词decoupling意为“分离”。 4.C　推理判断题。根据最后一段中Daniel Rokhsar所说的话可知，科学家要研究不寻常的动物是为了推动相关领域的研究。 Ⅱ. 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了四种帮助野生动物在酷暑中生存的方法。 5.C　上文提到：越来越多的研究表明，从莫哈韦沙漠的鸟类到北美的大黄蜂，气温升高正在导致更多的生物死亡。下文介绍了一些具体的应对措施。C项（幸运的是，你可以通过一些简单的步骤来提供帮助）承上启下，符合语境。 6.G　根据上下文可知，本段主要讲的是为野生动物提供一些水。空前一句提到：炎热的天气对一些生物很好，故G项（但是，即使是喜热的生物也不能生存，除非它们能获得足够的水）符合语境，与空前一句构成转折关系。 7.D　根据上下文可知，本段主要讲的是给动物提供乘凉的场所，D项（在阴凉的角落里堆一堆木头会为昆虫提供藏身之处）符合语境。 8.B　下文提到确保你所提供的食物是高质量和易消化的。保持食物干燥，并清洁动物直接接触的喂食器，以减少可能的疾病。B项（用喂食器人工喂养也是个好主意）符合语境。 9.A　根据下文可知，本段主要讲的是给环境降温。A项（减少热量是另一个有效的方法）符合语境。 Ⅲ. 语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。年轻人Matthew因为一次在网络上被骗的经历，决定利用所学的英语技能在社交媒体上揭露网络诈骗，并呼吁人们团结起来建立一个安全且和谐的网络环境。 10.B　根据下文他被骗的经过可知，他对网络世界一无所知。 11.A　根据下文He followed the instructions and transferred ...and regretful， yet powerless.可知，Matthew被骗了，所以应该是付出沉重的代价。 12.D　根据下文He followed the instructions and transferred much money to the sender’s 　14　.可知，此处表示陌生人声称通过购买一种特殊的英语学习材料，Matthew就能轻松提高成绩。 13.C　根据which convinced Matthew可知，这封邮件中包括几个成功的故事，使Matthew信以为真。 14.C　根据transferred much money to可知，他按照指示把许多钱转到发邮件的那个人的账户上。 15.A　根据上文Receiving the material， he found it worthless.可知，Matthew觉得被骗了。 16.A　根据下文After the setback， Matthew began ...online scams （诈骗）.以及Matthew揭露网络诈骗可知，故事并没有结束。 17.D　根据下文Discovering similar ones， he decided to use his English skills to expose them on social media可知，Matthew在被骗后深入研究网络诈骗世界，才能揭露骗局。 18.A　根据be watchful of online scams可知，Matthew提醒人们警惕网络诈骗。 19.B　根据and support可知，人们表达了他们的钦佩和支持。 20.D　根据learn about relevant knowledge so as to enhance their awareness可知，人们需要不断地学习才能增强自己的防范意识。 21.C　参见上题解析。 22.B　根据上文The Internet isn’t without risks.可知，网络有风险，但是当我们遇到挫折时也不要放弃。 23.D　根据上文Matthew的故事可知，正是这些经历，我们才会更加珍惜自己的财产和隐私。 24.C　根据safe and可知，此处表示让我们联合起来建设安全和谐的网络环境！ Ⅳ. 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了旅游景点——敦煌。 25.in　考查介词。be interested in意为“对……感兴趣”，为固定搭配，故填介词in。句意：那些对敦煌灿烂的历史感兴趣的人将被该城市的主要景点之一的敦煌莫高窟所吸引。 26.is blocked　考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。空处所在句为主从复合句，which引导定语从句，主句缺少谓语动词；此处描述客观情况，应用一般现在时；主语The entrance与block之间是被动关系，应用被动语态；且主语是第三人称单数。故填is blocked。句意：每个洞窟的入口都被一扇锁着的门堵着，只有专业导游才能打开。 27.sizes　考查名词复数。根据from very small to absolutely huge可知，此处应用名词复数，表示不止一个尺寸，故填sizes。 28.attention　考查名词。空前有much修饰，应该用不可数名词作drew的宾语。draw attention to表示“吸引对……的注意力”，故填attention。 29.To catch　考查非谓语动词。结合句意可知，此处作目的状语，应用动词不定式，注意句首首字母要大写，故填To catch。句意：为了捕捉到这一令人难以置信的景色，你必须早起。 30.truly　考查副词。此处表示“描绘出一幅真正古色古香的景象”；空后picturesque是形容词，应用副词修饰，故填truly。 31.and　考查连词。本句是祈使句，get off和walk up两个动词短语并列且表顺承，故填and。句意：从骆驼上下来，爬上一个俯瞰月牙泉的相当陡峭的沙丘。 32.regarded　考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，此处为非谓语动词短语作定语，修饰position，且“位置”是“被认为”，应用过去分词regarded。句意：从这个被认为是最佳位置的地方看，令人难以置信的日落令人惊叹。 33.where　考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，该空引导定语从句修饰先行词Dunhuang Museum，且指代先行词在定语从句中作地点状语，故填关系副词where。句意：没有参观敦煌博物馆的敦煌之旅是不完整的，在那里可以将这座城市的所有历史遗迹置于恰当的历史背景中。 34.containing　考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，空处为非谓语动词短语作状语。contain意为“包含”，和主语The museum构成逻辑上的主谓关系，应用动词-ing形式。故填containing。句意：博物馆很大，收藏了许多原作艺术品。 Ⅴ. Dear fellow students， 　　With a growing number of tourists during the holidays，the inappropriate behavior is increasing — taking pictures with a “no photo” sign nearby，random graffiti at tourist spots，and littering everywhere， which is having a severe impact on the places of interest.In order to leave a perfect landscape， we have a variety of things to pay attention to. 　　First of all，tourists should always remind themselves not to do any damage to the spots. Furthermore， the exposure of the bad behavior should be increased. Last but not least，the government should implement some punitive measures by improving relevant laws and regulations. 　　I believe that these problems will be solved step by step. Let’s band together to make a better future！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $