专题04 阅读理解（议论文）（期末真题汇编，陕晋青宁专用） 高二英语上学期

专题04 阅读理解（议论文） 主题01 人与社会——社会现象 Passage 1 （24-25学年高二上·陕西西安·期末） Nowadays, we can read almost all "truths" on social media sites. But are they really reliable? Sites such as the micro-messaging service, the social networking site and the photo-sharing app Instagram might "misrepresent the real world", according to a study by computer scientists from McGill University and Carnegie Mellon University. The scientists warn that gathering information about public views and trends from these sites is unwise. There are still large parts of the population who do not take part in social media activities. Also, there's a risk that many social media users are under-represented. Instagram, for example, appeals to younger adults in urban areas while Pinterest is used mainly by females aged 25 to 34. And only 5 percent of the micro-messaging service users are over 65 years old, according to the study. However, this is not the only issue, according to the scientific team. The design of a website can influence how people behave online, creating what the researchers call "Internet bias". For example, micro-blogging sites such as Weibo promote "popular" stories. It saves time for some but it also limits readers' choice of what they see. In the end, many people open those stories and make them more "popular". But it's not because they choose those stories. Rather, it is because the content is right in front of them. Besides, it's possible that not everyone on your social networks is real. There might actually be a few fake accounts among them. Fake "bots" pretend to be humans and are often included when measuring or predicting human behaviors online. The findings might be more important than you would think, since many social media studies are used to inform and justify decisions and investments among the public and in industry and government, according to Derek Ruths, an assistant professor of Computer Science at Mc Gill University. If the team is right, you might have to think carefully next time you say, "It's true, you know; I read it on Weibo." 1．Why does the author mention the micro-messaging and Instagram? A．Because they are the best social media sites today. B．Because they are not in favor of the current study. C．Because the public are sharing truths on these sites. D．Because information on these sites may not be reliable. 2．How is the passage developed? A．By giving examples. B．By making comparisons. C．By dividing into groups. D．By analyzing causes. 3．Which word can best describe the author's attitude toward information on social media sites? A．Ambiguous. B．Favorable. C．Disagreeable. D．Cautious. 4．What's the author's main purpose in writing the passage? A．To analyze why information gathered from social media sites may not be trustworthy. B．To remind readers of things they should watch out for when using social media. C．To point out the advantages and disadvantages of social media. D．To recommend popular social networking sites for readers. Passage 2 （24-25学年高二上·山西省太原市·期末） In the days before the Internet, critical thinking was the most important skill of informed citizens. But in the digital age, according to Anastasia Kozyreva, a psychologist at the Max Planck Institute of Human Development, and her colleagues, an even more important skill is critical ignoring. As the researchers point out, we live in an attention economy where content producers on the Internet compete for our attention. They attract us with a lot of emotional and eye-catching stories while providing little useful information, so they can expose us to profit-generating advertisements. Therefore,we are no longer customers but products, and each link we click is a sale of our time and attention. To protect ourselves from this, Kozyreva advocates for learning the skill of critical ignoring, in which readers intentionally control their information environment to reduce exposure to false and low-quality information. According to Kozyreva, critical ignoring comprises three strategies. The first is to design our environments, which involves the removal of low-quality yet hard-to-resist information from around. Successful dieters need to keep unhealthy food out of their homes. Likewise, we need to set up a digital environment where attention-grabbing items are kept out of sight. As with dieting, if one tries to bank on willpower not to click eye-catching “news”, he’ll surely fail. So, it’s better to just keep them out of sight to begin with. The next is to evaluate the reliability of information, whose purpose is to protect you from false and misleading information. It can be realized by checking the source in the mainstream news agencies which have their reputations for being trustworthy. The last goes by the phrase “do not feed the trolls.” Trolls are actors who internationally spread false and hurtful information online to cause harm. It may be appealing to respond to them to set the facts straight, but trolls just care about annoying others rather than facts. So, it’s best not to reward their bad behaviour with our attention. By sharpening our critical ignoring skills in these ways, we can make the most of the Internet while avoiding falling victim to those who try to control our attention, time, and minds. 1．What can we learn about the attention economy from paragraph 2? A．It offers little information. B．It features depressing stories. C．It saves time for Internet users. D．It seeks profits from each click. 2．Why does the author mention dieters in paragraph 3? A．To discuss the quality of information B．To prove the benefits of healthy food. C．To show the importance of environments. D．To explain the effectiveness of willpower. 3．What should we do to handle Internet trolls according to the text? A．Reveal their intention. B．Turn a deaf ear to them. C．Correct their behaviour. D．Send hard facts to them. 4．What is the text mainly about? A．Reasons for critical thinking in the attention economy. B．Practising the skill of critical ignoring in the digital age. C．Maximizing the benefits of critical ignoring on the Internet. D．Strategies of abandoning critical thinking for Internet users Passage 3 （24-25学年高二上·陕西延安市·期末） In modern society, the issue of whether students should be allowed to use mobile phones in school has sparked widespread debate. Some people believe that mobile phones can enhance learning efficiency and communication, while others argue that they may cause distractions and negative impacts on students’ studies. Those in favor of students using mobile phones in school claim that with the development of educational apps, students can access a wealth of learning resources anytime and anywhere. For example, they can use language learning apps to practice listening and speaking skills, or search for relevant information to supplement classroom knowledge. In addition, mobile phones also provide a convenient way for students to communicate with teachers and classmates, which is conducive to the exchange of learning experiences and the discussion of problems. However, opponents hold that mobile phones are a major source of distraction for students. With the various functions and entertainment apps on mobile phones, students are easily attracted and may waste a lot of time on them during class or study time. This will not only reduce learning efficiency but also affect their concentration and academic performance. Moreover, the use of mobile phones may also lead to problems such as cheating in exams and the spread of negative information, which is not conducive to the construction of a good school atmosphere. In my opinion, although mobile phones have certain advantages in learning, the negative impacts cannot be ignored. Therefore, schools should formulate reasonable regulations to guide students to use mobile phones correctly. For example, schools can allow students to use mobile phones at specific times and places under the supervision of teachers, or restrict the use of some entertainment apps to ensure that mobile phones play a positive role in students’ learning and life. 1．What is the main topic of this passage? A．The advantages of mobile phones. B．The disadvantages of mobile phones. C．Whether students should use mobile phones in school. D．The impact of mobile phones on society. 2．What is one of the reasons why some people support students using mobile phones in school? A．Mobile phones can help students relax. B．Mobile phones can replace teachers. C．Mobile phones can provide learning resources. D．Mobile phones can make students more popular. 3．Why do some people oppose students using mobile phones in school? A．Because mobile phones are too expensive. B．Because mobile phones are not necessary for students. C．Because mobile phones may cause distractions. D．Because mobile phones are difficult to operate. 4．What’s the author’s attitude towards students using mobile phones in school? A．Supportive. B．Opposed. C．Neutral. D．Indifferent. Passage 4 （24-25学年高二上·山西吕梁市·期末） Technology has undoubtedly opened up the world for me. Literally, in the case of my fully accessible home. My windows are automatic, and my front door is automatic too. There are also my wheelchairs. I guess that any wheelchair user will say the best invention is that of the wheel. It’s a tool bringing independence and comfort. Last week, I took a well-deserved break from work and went on a staycation in my local area. On the first day, I was heading further out in my power wheelchair than I’ve ever been on my own. This chair is almost like a Transformer. I like the speed, the phone charger and the flexible feature. It’s a wonderful creation. However, while there are many benefits that come with technology, I still live in a disabling world. For example, out in my power wheelchair that day, feeling free and easy, I headed straight to the shop not far away. I deserve to feel heard and included when innovation is concerned. But when I got there, I was confronted by self-service checkouts. While they are designed for easy and quick service, for me and many other disabled people, the lack of face-to-face services can put us at a disadvantage. Not only are the checkouts far too high, they are awkwardly designed so that you cannot approach them with a wheelchair. So, I waited for someone to assist me. In just a matter of a few hours, I had seen how technology and accessibility advancements have empowered me then, in the next breath, disabled me. I still live in a disabling world with sub-standard accessibility. Therefore, disabled people by and large are more likely to rely on mechanical and technological devices such as lifts and communication aids. Unfortunately, these things are sometimes abused and mistreated, making the person relying on them dependent on others. 1．How does the author think of technology according to paragraphs 1 and 2? A．He casts some doubts on it. B．He shows much gratitude for it. C．He expresses curiosity about it. D．He feels really carefree with it. 2．What happened to the author in the shop? A．He came across many other disabled people by chance. B．He waited quite a few hours in order to check out. C．He was unable to seek assistance from others. D．He couldn’t use the self-service checkout by himself. 3．Why does the author say he still lives in a disabling world? A．He thinks it is not easy to make his voice heard. B．Some shops are inaccessible to wheelchair users. C．He finds it really hard to fit in with non-disabled people. D．Things related to technology are sometimes out of service. 4．What would be the best title for the text? A．My different views concerning disability B．How I make full advantage of technology C．My love-hate relationship with technology D．How I live independently as a disabled man Passage 5 （24-25学年高二上·陕西宝鸡市·期末） Should humans explore space? If you ask me, I’ll definitely give a positive answer. The space exploration has a direct impact on the lives of humans, as well as the state of our world. Satellites moving around the earth enable communication across the world, connecting people of different continents and broadcasting information worldwide. The Global Positioning System(GPS) can identify our location anywhere. Furthermore, weather satellites can forecast harmful weather conditions, which allows humans to prepare for deadly natural disasters and save lives. Space programs can also indirectly lead to the solution to poverty and world hunger. For example, large plots of land could be used far better if humans applied technologies. The most effective tool is the artificial earth satellite. It can screen areas of land within a very short time, indicating useful measures, such as the condition of crops, soil, rainfall, and droughts. It can then transmit this information to ground stations on the earth for better use. In recent years, space-based technologies have become an important factor to reach and expand global health objectives. Information provided by remote technologies can be applied to study the epidemiology(流行病学).This data provided by space technologies can monitor disease patterns, understand the environmental causes that spread it, make predictions about where it can spread in the future, and make plans to fight it efficiently. Furthermore, space exploration is something we can do for future generations. Mankind is using the resources provided on the planet, but these will run out one day. Overpopulation can be an existential threat for all mankind. With the advancement of space technology, it will be wise to use and explore the vast potential of other planets, such as the availability of mining resources on asteroids or other planets. For the exploration of the universe, perhaps the most advantageous of all is that it will unite us to work together for a common purpose, regardless of our differences. 1．What can space exploration do according to Paragraph 2? A．Improve the traffic on the earth. B．Help humans communicate and spread information. C．Help prevent deadly natural disasters. D．Promote travel between countries. 2．How can space programs help solve poverty and world hunger? A．By benefiting crop production with artificial earth satellites. B．By transporting food worldwide more easily. C．By creating job opportunities for the poor. D．By protecting available land resources. 3．What does the writer think of mining resources on other planets? A．Time-wasting. B．Arguable. C．Unnecessary. D．Rewarding. 4．What is the purpose of the last paragraph? A．To ask people to explore space independently. B．To encourage people to explore space cooperatively. C．To tell the readers the importance of exploring space. D．To show the readers the advantages of exploring space. 5．What is the text? A．An advertisement. B．A short story. C．An argumentative essay. D．A news report. 主题02 人与自我—— 个人成长 Passage 1 （24-25学年高二上·陕西西安市·期末） I am a big laugher. I’ve been told that even in a room of a thousand people, you can always hear me laughing over the crowd. For me, laughter is the ultimate form of embodied joy. And by “embodied”, I mean that my whole body is involved when I laugh. On the inside, it’s like a bubbling fountain of joy spilling out all over the place. But what is joy, anyway? Life can be terrible, but if you decide to follow the sound of the joy-fountain, you will find joy showing up in all kinds of places: pets playfully bouncing around, kindness, or even in nothingness. How can joy be found? A friend moved into a new apartment and needed some help, so I helped him. Afterwards, he was obviously so much happier and at ease. I noticed that playing even a small part in his happiness brought me great joy, and I took a moment to let this feeling of embodied joy in. We can practice letting joy in by noticing how it feels to smile. Where does your body light up when you smile? When I smile, it makes me want to take a deep breath, and I notice my shoulders and belly relaxing. When I embody caring and loving, it feels great! Sadly, many of us are unaware of joy, or suspicious of it. Maybe you are afraid to open up to joy, or maybe you are so unfamiliar with what joy feels like that you ignore or resist it when it comes knocking. No one, other than you, owns your happiness, but you might unknowingly block feelings or experiences that help you embody joy. The fact is that when you can’t embody joy, you miss out on one of life’s essential vitamins. Want more joy? Don’t be afraid to look silly. Silliness helps us take things less personally. It helps us see the world the way a kid does. When we can find more joy in the smalls of everyday life, we can embody happiness, rather than just pursuing it. 1．How is the topic of joy introduced at the beginning of the passage? A．By highlighting a joyful experience. B．By stressing the importance of laughing C．By sharing the author’s understanding of joy. D．By presenting an ultimate form of satisfaction. 2．What might be the author’s advice on finding joy? A．Taking a deep breath. B．Smiling to your friends. C．Reflecting on nothingness. D．Doing small acts of kindness. 3．What might be the reason for many of us missing out on joy? A．That many of us refuse it on purpose. B．That many of us are insensitive to joy. C．That many of us lack life’s essential vitamins. D．That many of us are likely to take joy for granted. 4．What message does the author convey in this text? A．He who laughs last laughs best. B．Happy people are happy in childhood. C．Worry does not seek, but man seeks it. D．Love of joy is belief; the creation of joy is life. Passage 2 （24-25学年高二上·山西省太原市·期末） A British friend told me he couldn't understand why Chinese people love eating sunflower seeds (葵花子) as a snack so much. “I’ve met a lot of older Chinese and many have a crack in their front teeth; I believe that's from cracking the seeds,” he said. I had never noticed the habit, but once he mentioned it, I suddenly became more aware. I realized that whenever I’m watching TV or typing a report, I always start mindlessly cracking sunflower seeds. My friend doesn't like sunflower seeds, and, to him, it seems unnecessary to work so hard just to get one small seed. When we were young, the whole family would usually get together for Chinese New Year. Then, we all lived close to one another, usually in a small city, and sometimes even neighbors would go doortodoor on Chinese New Year’s Eve to check out what every household was making. I remember my parents would be in the kitchen cooking. In the living room, a large table would already be laid out, complete with a fancy tablecloth, readymade dumpling fillings, and dishes full of candy, fruits and sunflower seeds. Some of the dishes were to be offered to our ancestors later, while others were for neighbors and children to eat before the evening feast. I must have learned how to crack sunflower seeds back then. I don’t think it’s right to criticize one’s choice in food or eating habits, no matter how strange they may seem. It’s not only in China. When I went abroad, I found people had all sorts of strange habits when it came to food. In Denmark, they put salted red fish on bread and eat it for dinner, no matter how much it ruins their breath. They think it’s a delicacy, and it’s connected with their culture. I think it’s a wonderful tradition. 1．What lesson can we learn from the passage? A．One kind of food doesn’t necessarily suit everyone. B．Eating habits come from a certain culture. C．It is good to form healthy eating habits. D．Changing your eating habits will change your life. 2．What did the writer become aware of? A．She had ever typed a report about seeds. B．She ate various snacks while watching TV. C．She has a habit of cracking sunflower seeds. D．She damaged her teeth by eating sunflower seeds. 3．What does the writer prove by mentioning Chinese New Year? A．The traditions of celebrating it disappear. B．Children can eat delicious food on that day. C．The families would get together for it. D．Eating sunflower seeds is related to it. 4．The writer’s attitude to Denmark’s way of eating bread is ________． A．acceptable B．critical C．neutral D．doubtful Passage 3 （24-25学年高二上·陕西咸阳·期末） Our character, basically, is a composite of our habits. “Sow a thought, reap (获得) an action; sow an action, reap a habit; sow a habit, reap a character; sow a character, reap a destiny,” the maxim goes. Habits are powerful factors in our lives. Because they are consistent, often unconscious pattems, they constantly, daily, express our character and produce our effectivcness...or ineffectiveness. As Horace Mann, the great educator, once said, “Habits are like a cable. We weave a part of it every day and soon it cannot be broken.” I personally do not agree with the last part of his expression. I know they can be broken. Habits can be learned and unlearned. But I also know it isn’t a quick fix. It involves a process and a tremendous (极大的) commitment. Those of us who watched the lunar voyage of Apollo 11 were transfixed as we saw the first men walk on the moon and return to earth. Superlatives such as “fantastic” and “incredible” were inadequate to describe those eventful days. But to get there, those astronauts literally had to break out of the tremendous gravity pull of the earth. More energy was spent in the first few minutes of lift-off, in the first few miles of travel, than was used over the next several days to travel half a million miles. Habits, too, have tremendous gravity pull—more than most people realize or would admit. Breaking deeply imbedded habitual tendencies such as procrastination (拖延), impatience, criticalness, or selfishness that violate (违背) basic principles of human effectiveness involves more than a little willpower and a few minor changes in our lives. “Lift- off” takes a tremendous effort, but once we break out of the gravity pull, our freedom takes on a whole new dimension. Like any natural force, the gravity pull can work with us or against us. The gravity pull of some of our habits may currently be keeping us from going where we want to go. But it is also the gravity pull that keeps our world together, that keeps the planets in their orbits and our universe in order. It is a powerful force, and if we use it effectively, we can use the gravity pull of habit lo create the cohesiveness and order necessary to establish effectiveness in our lives. 1．The author disagrees with Horace Mann because the latter believes________. A．habits are like a cable B．habits can be learned C．habits learning is hard D．habits cannot be broken 2．The author compares launching spacecraft and breaking old habits mainly because________. A．They both involve a little willpower. B．They can be learned and unlearned. C．They both take a tremendous effort in the beginning. D．Once done, they’ll ensure people unlimited freedom. 3．What is the structure of the text? A． B． C． D． 4．Which of the following is a suitable title for the text? A．The breakoff of habits B．The power of habits C．The lift-off of gravity pull D．Important habits in our lives 主题03 人与自然——宇宙生态 Passage 1 （24-25学年高二上·山西省晋中·期末） You look up at the sky on a clear and dark night, you’ll see more stars than your eyes can count. Most of these stars have planets, similar to our own, orbiting them. With so many celestial bodies floating out in space, you can’t help but question whether other forms of life exist in the universe. And if that’s the case, is it possible to contact them? Science is still somewhat divided on this issue. Currently, no evidence exists to suggest that intelligent life exists elsewhere in the universe. Yet with an estimated one trillion planets in our galaxy alone, it seems highly likely that Earthlings aren’t the only intelligent creatures out there. Some claim that life can only develop under perfect circumstances, and Earth is perhaps the only example of this. Other scientists object to this claim, and point out that even on Earth, life can find a way under the most extreme circumstances. Some people believe that aliens have already visited our planet, but this information is being kept secret by governments. The most famous incident of this kind occurred in Roswell, New Mexico in 1947. On that date, many residents reported seeing an unusual flying disc streak through the sky, before it crashed in a field. When the military heard about the crash, they quickly sealed off the area. A few hours later, the army base announced that it had recovered a flying disk. Shortly after, this statement was retracted and it was said that it was a weather balloon that crashed. However, years later one local mortician even claimed that the military had him secretly perform an autopsy on a dead alien body. Others believe that there certainly are other life forms out there, but the distance between us is too great. Even if we could somehow create a spaceship that travels at the speed of light, it would still probably take several lifetimes to reach them. Then again, we might never have to do this if aliens reach us first. 1．Why do some scientists think there is life on other planets? A．Because an unusual flying disc was ever witnessed. B．Because life exists despite extreme conditions as those on the Earth do. C．Because the government’s statement seemed suspicious. D．Because there are a great number of planets in the universe. 2．What does the underlined word “retracted” in paragraph 3 mean? A．Examined again to guarantee the correctness. B．Emphasized again to persuade people. C．Formally taken back what has been said. D．Seriously criticized due to poor evidence 3．Which of the following might be the best title for the text? A．Are we alone in the universe? B．Is it possible to contact aliens? C．Intelligent life in the universe. D．Planets floating out in space. 4．How does the author sound in the passage? A．Objective. B．Humorous. C．Cautious. D．Anxious. Passage 2 （24-25学年高二上·青海西宁·期末） A lunch break – it’s an important and often necessary part of our working or school day.  And now we’re spoilt (惯坏) with a lot of places to buy our lunch from, all offering attractive dishes and sandwiches to eat on the go. But our appetite for buying our lunchtime fare is not just costing us money, there might be a cost in terms of damaging our planet too. Just grabbing a sandwich, crisps and maybe a cake and coffee can produce at least four items of waste. Paper boxes, cups, wrappers and plastic knives and forks are all part of our disposable (一次性的) feast in addition to the food waste we create. Some experts say throwing away food, which produces methane (甲烷) as it rots, is a bigger cause of climate change than plastics. But regardless of what causes the most damage, the solution, according to an environmental campaign group called Hubbub, is to eat packed lunches. Tessa Tricks from the group says “People are saying that they are buying food to take out because life has got busier.” And she says people think they are being more efficient; but she argues that it's usually healthier and cheaper to make your own lunch. It means you can eat the things you really want and make the quantity that you actually need. Of course, preparing your lunch is another thing to fit into your morning scramble (忙乱) of getting ready for work, so if you haven’t got time and you are going to buy lunch, an alternative that Hubbub suggests is to take your own container to a shop and ask them to put your food in it. The idea of using reusable coffee cups for hot drinks and refilling water bottles has already proved successful, so this could be another step in the right direction. 1．What’s the second paragraph mainly about? A．It costs a lot of money buying lunch. B．Eating fast food is no good to health. C．Buying lunch leads to great damage to environment. D．Experts give suggestions on eating. 2．What’s Hubbub’s suggestion in paragraph 3? A．Stop eating packed lunches. B．Eating what you like. C．Trying to be more efficient in work. D．Making lunch by yourself. 3．What does the underlined word “this” in the last paragraph mean? A．Buying lunch. B．Taking your own container. C．Using reusable coffee cup. D．Using refilling water bottles. 4．What will the writer call on others to do? A．Make a full use of lunch time. B．Eating properly to keep healthy. C．Doing what you can to reduce pollution. D．Giving lunch time eating habit a thought to reduce damage to environment. 主题01 人与社会——人际关系 Passage 1 （24-25学年高二上·山西省太原市·期末） Since time immemorial, people have been searching for the fountain of youth. Surprisingly, the dream of human immortality is, according to some scientists, not so far out of reach. Professor Brian Cox, Google’s Ray Kurzweil, and Tesla head Elon Musk all agree on not only the possibility of human immortality but also that it is not too far away. The solution, they say, is something called the “technological singularity” The singularity is a combination of humankind with computers, namely uploading the contents of one’s brain onto a hard drive. In that way, a person’s consciousness can stay alive after a physical body gets worse. This is based on the idea that a human brain is simply a machine, and there is, according to Professor Cox, “no reason at all why we cannot simulate (模拟)human intelligence,” using a computer. Although Professor Cox did not say when the singularity would occur, Google’s Ray Kurzweil predicts that the singularity will happen as early as 2045. By 2100, he says, human body parts will be replaceable by machine parts. Further, by uploading our brains onto a computer, we will be able to toy with it, and become “able to expand the scope of our intelligence a billion fold. Elon Musk agreed with the assessments of the other scientists, even going so far as saying that the chances that we are not in a computer simulation right now are “one in billions”. Google is preparing for a future where you can download personalities onto robots. For example, you might be able to download onto your robot a celebrity personality, or of the personality of your deceased grandmother. The search engine giant filed a patent for this download process recently. So they definitely believe that the singularity is just around the corner. All you have to do is hold on until 2045, and soon you can effectively live in the cloud. 1．What does the underlined word “immortality” in Paragraph 1 probably mean? A．Being perfect. B．Being wealthy. C．Living forever. D．Continuous improvement. 2．How did the writer illustrate the idea of human immortality in the text? A．By listing data. B．By presenting quotations. C．By doing experiments. D．By making comparisions. 3．Which of the following can Elon Musk most probably agree with? A．Computers are much smarter than humankind. B．Computers can never surpass humankind at all. C．Computers and humankind are quite different. D．Computers can be another version of humankind. 4．How can humankind improve by 2100 according to the text? A．Physically and intelligently. B．Individually and corporately. C．Psychologically and spiritually. D．Emotionally and materially. Passage 2 （24-25学年高二上·陕西省汉中市·期末） If you could change your child's DNA in the future to protect them against diseases, would you? It could be possible because of technology known as CRISPR- Cas, or just CRISPR. CRISPR involves a piece of RNA, a chemical messenger, designed to work on one part of DNA； it also uses an enzyme (If) that can take unwanted genes out and put new ones in, according to The Economist. There are other ways of editing DNA, but CRISPR will do it very simply, quickly, and exactly. The uses of CRISPR could mean that cures are developed for everything from Alzheimer's to cancer to HIV. By allowing doctors to put just the right cancer-killing genes into a patient's immune system, the technology could help greatly. In April scientists in China said they had tried using CRISPR to edit the genomes (基因组)of human embryos. Though the embryos would never turn into humans, this was the first time anyone had ever tried to edit DNA from human beings. With this in mind, the US' National Academy of Sciences plans to discuss questions about CRISPR s ethics(伦理问题).For example? CRISPR doesn't work properly yet. As well as cutting the DNA it is looking for, it often cuts other DNA, too. In addition, we currently seem to have too little understanding of what DNA gives people what qualities. There are also moral questions around playing God”. Of course, medicine already stops natural things from happening-for example, it saves people from infections. The opportunities to treat diseases make it hard to say we shouldn't keep going. A harder question is whether it is ever right to edit human germ-line(种系)cells and make changes that are passed on to children. This is banned in 40 countries and restricted in many others. However, CRISPR means that if genes can be edited out, they can also be edited back in. It may be up to us as a society to decide when and where editing the genome is wrong. Also, according to The Economist, gene editing may mean that parents make choices that are not obviously in the best interests of their children: “Deaf parents may prefer their children to be deaf too； parents might want to make their children more intelligent at all costs. In the end, more research is still needed to see what we can and can't do with CRISPR. “It's still a huge mystery how we work,” Craig Mello? a UMass Medical School biologist and Nobel Prize winner, told The Boston Globe, "We're just trying to figure out this amazingly complicated thing we call life. 1．What is the passage mainly about? A．What we can and can't do with CRISPR. B．How CRISPR was developed by scientists. C．The advantages of CRISPR and arguments about its ethics. D．Scientists' experiments of using CRISPR to edit human embryos. 2．According to the passage, the technology of CRISPR . A．is very safe because it only cuts the DNA it is looking for B．is banned in most countries and restricted in many others C．could cause parents to make unwise choices for their children D．could help us discover the link between DNA and the qualities it gives people 3．It can be inferred from the passage that . A．all diseases could probably be cured through the uses of CRISPR B．scientists had never edited genomes before CRISPR was invented C．CRISPR is a technology that uses an enzyme to work on RNA and DNA D．CRISPR has proven to be the most effective way to protect children against diseases 4．What is the author's attitude towards CRISPR? A．Supportive. B．Worried. C．Negative. D．Objective. Passage 3 （24-25学年高二上·陕西省榆林市·期末） It’s uncertain when many offices may reopen, but it’s clear the virtual work revolution that began with the pandemic isn’t going away. Alexia Cambon,research director at Gartner, says finding the right combination of in-person and virtual work will take creativity and experimentation. Managing director Deborah Lovich stresses that companies should consider that flexibility is not only about location, but also about the hours employees work. Alexia also points out the importance of finding solutions for a whole team. “What COVID-19 taught us is that flex work cannot be for an individual. It has to be for the team,” she says. “When the whole team is together online versus a whole team together in person,it works.” Progressive organizations are also reconsidering their workplace culture. “They’re thinking about changing culture and leadership to be much more trust-based, impact-based, instead of input-based,like,I see you,so I think you’re productive,’ compared to, ‘Wow, I see what you’ve accomplished,and I know you’ve been productive,””Lovich says. Lovich sees remote work as a “win-win” for employees who get more flexibility and employers who can hire people from anywhere in the country or even the world. She views it as creating equality in terms of allowing small towns to attract talent and offering more opportunity for women to climb the corporate ladder without having to relocate their families, something that she says often takes a back seat in a dual-career houschold. Companies that require a return to a fully on-site model could lose one in three employees.Lovich agrees that employers need to be careful. “It’s an employee’s market right now. The world is short of workers,and because of that we should really think about what we need and feel confident and courageous to speak up. And a lot of companies are getting that, and so it’s a real opportunity to either shape the place you work to be the place it needs to be or go someplace else that does,”Lovich says.“For decades,we’ve been contorting(扭曲)our lives to fit around work， and COVID-19 forced work to fit around lives．” 1．What does Alexia emphasize according to the text? A．How to make virtual work go away soon. B．How to create virtual work cooperatively. C．How to combine virtual work with science. D．How to find the best location for virtual work 2．Why do progressive organizations change their workplace culture? A．To take control of the development of virtual work. B．To compare company culture with firm leadership. C．To make employees feel trusted and develop positively. D．To persuade more companies to choose virtual work soon. 3．What does Lovich think of virtual work? A．It is attractive to all employees. B．It is just beneficial to employers. C．It is popular among small firms. D．It benefits both bosses and workers. 4．What does the author mainly want to tell us? A．Virtual work is here to stay. B．Advantages of virtual work. C．Be far away from flexibility. D．A“win-win“ change for business. Passage 4 （24-25学年高二上·陕西省安康市·期末） As I write this blog on 23rd April, most of the UK will have been stuck at home for a whole month since 23rd March. As we adjust to the physical challenges brought about by coronavirus, it will come as no surprise when I say that our language is also being affected by the current situation. We have all learned some new vocabulary: coronavirus being one of them. For many, it was probably the first time they realised that ‘corona’ means ‘crown (-like)’, referring to the shape of the virus itself. There is plenty of other terminology related to the virus: COVID-19, epidemic, pandemic, self-isolation, super-spreader. All of a sudden, the pandemic has people like you and me with no medical backgrounds talking like true epidemiologists (specialists who study diseases). More importantly, the effects of the pandemic and the nationwide lockdown on our language use extend way beyond the vocabulary we might slip in during our video chats with family, friends, and colleagues. With the closure of schools and universities, most bilingual students now live at home where they are immersed in a linguistic environment, where on the one hand, they are losing hundreds of contact hours with English-speaking peers. On the other hand, this might be an opportunity for them to develop their abilities in their home languages. Similar linguistic changes can be observed among those who mostly communicate only in English too, for instance, in terms of their accents. After being in the same space with our family for a whole month, some of us might start to sound more and more like our family– partly because we all unconsciously accommodate to people we frequently talk to. In this sense, what this national lockdown does to our accents is like when we have been on an extended holiday abroad with the family. Maybe when we can finally socialise again, we will be able to guess where each other’s roommates are from. 1．What is the current situation in Paragraph 1? A．People in the UK have to stay at home. B．We have got used to the environment. C．Coronavirus is affecting our language. D．People face the challenge of the virus. 2．What does the nationwide lockdown bring for bilingual students? A．Chatting with relatives online. B．Losing contact with classmates. C．Fewer English practicing hours. D．A lack of learning environment. 3．What’s the main idea of the last paragraph? A．The way we communicate changes. B．We speak with more accents. C．We can easily identify others. D．Our accents are being changed. 4．What’s the author’s tone in writing this article? A．Cautious. B．Critical. C．Pessimistic. D．Humorous. Passage 5 （24-25学年高二上·陕西省西安市·期末） Parents do not owe （欠） their children a college education. If they can afford it, they can certainly send them to a good university. But they needn’t feel guilty if they can’t. When children grow up and want to get married, their parents do not owe them an apartment. They do not have the duty to look after their grandchildren, either. If they want to do it, it must be considered a favor, not an obligation. Do parents owe their children anything? Yes, they owe them a great deal. One of their obligations is to give their children a personal worth. Children who are always made to feel stupid and unworthy, constantly compared with brighter brothers, sisters, or cousins will become so unsure, so afraid of failing that they won’t try at all. Of course they should be properly corrected when they do wrong, but it’s often better to let children learn their mistakes by themselves in time. All their parents should do is to trust them, respect them, understand them and give them chances to try and fail. They must learn to stand failure. When criticisms （批评） are really needed, they should be balanced with a smile and a kiss. That is the way children learn. Parents owe their children a set of solid values around which to build their lives. This means teaching them to respect the rights and opinions of others; it means being respectful to elders, to teachers, and to the law. The best way to teach such values is by deed. A child who is lied to will lie. A child who sees no laughter and no love in the home will have difficulty laughing and loving. No child asks to be born. If you bring a life into the world, you owe the child something. 1．The author thinks parents ________. A．should send their children to college B．should support their children after they get married C．need to buy an apartment for their children D．needn’t feel guilty if they can’t send their children to universities 2．What does the underlined word “obligation” in Paragraph 1 mean? A．Right. B．Promise. C．Duty. D．Excuse. 3．According to the passage, what should parents do when children make mistakes? A．Understand them and tell them not to do that again. B．Let them learn the mistakes by themselves in time. C．Compare them with brighter brothers or sisters. D．Correct their mistakes immediately. 4．What does the author mainly talk about in this passage? A．The duties of parents. B．The best way to teach children. C．The reason why children feel stupid and unworthy. D．The reason why parents owe their children something. 主题02人与自我—— 情感体验 Passage 1 （24-25学年高二上·山西省吕梁市·期末） When I was young, I read many kinds of books, including fairy tales. Most of the books described heroes who were handsome and heroines who were beautiful. So, I believed I had to be beautiful if I wanted to become a great person. As I grew up, I began to realize outer beauty was not so important to make someone good. I remember a friend of mine, Janie, who was so beautiful that every classmate wanted to talk with her, but she was very arrogant (傲慢的). She believed that she could do everything she wanted because she was so beautiful, but she lost friends one by one. My poor friend! But she learned a good lesson: inner beauty is more important than outer beauty. After she learned that, she changed her attitude and made friends again. Whenever I see TV advertisements, I feel that these things make us believe beauty is very important— especially physical attractiveness. Although we say that inner beauty is more valuable, we often look for plastic surgery to make us more beautiful. There seems to be a boom (流行) in plastic surgery. It is surprising to realize the number of people who try it is increasing day by day. We know good-looking guys usually get higher scores on job interviews. So, what is real beauty? I want to say that inner beauty is the real one because if someone has beauty in his soul, he looks like a really beautiful person. The beauty looked at with eyes doesn’t last forever. Instead of concentrating on outer beauty, we should concentrate on inner beauty. The point is that inner beauty is more important than outer beauty. So, if we make the effort to make our minds beautiful, we’ll be happier. 1．When the author was young, she thought if he wanted to succeed, . A．she must learn from the heroes B．she had to work hard at her lessons C．she must have good looks D．she had to read many kinds of books. 2．Why did Janie lose friends one by one? A．Because she looked down upon others. B．Because she wouldn’t take their advice. C．Because she was too ashamed. D．Because she didn’t study well at her lessons. 3．The underlined phrase “plastic surgery” in Paragraph 4 probably means . A．化妆 B．阅读 C．健身 D．整形 4．What would be the best title for the passage? A．The Importance of Beauty B．Inner Beauty is the Real Beauty C．Beauty Makes One Happier D．How to Make Oneself Beautiful Passage 2 （24-25学年高二上·山西省大同市·期末） It was mid-afternoon. I looked outside my dorm window, and saw the lifeless gray sky, the snow and the trackless sidewalks. There was no one in the snow but a squirrel. The brown-gray North American squirrel,a look of terror in his shining eyes, braved the cold to throw himself over snow. In his mouth was a large acorn(橡实)—I was surprised it fit in his mouth. I moved closer to my window, outside of which is a medium-sized tree, lacking its warm-weather leaves. The squirrel ran up rapidly, higher and higher in the tree, and his small body held onto his dear acorn. Up he went, to the tip of one of the highest branches. I held my breath—I wondered if that slender branch could support him. I wondered if his winter food store was in this tree—squirrels are known to hide their nuts, mushrooms, and vegetation high up in trees. Outside, the squirrel firmly grasped that branch, jaw clamping(夹紧)on his acorn. Then came the wind blowing violently, shaking the tree, the branch and the squirrel. He hung on for dear life, and both arms wrapped around the branch in the wind. I held my breath: If he fell from a height like this, then.... Seeing this little squirrel, I had my heart in my mouth. As the wind became stronger, the squirrel’s precious acorn fell to the ground. The squirrel followed its downward progress only by sight—if he let go the branch, he would fall downwards as well. I was so nervous that I didn’t take my gaze off the squirrel for one minute. Surprisingly, he then climbed down the tree and was now half-buried in the snow, searching desperately for his acorn. Finally, he made it. The brave animal is able to survive in nature all because of its desperate efforts.The same goes for us humans. We all work hard to survive, and this is the law of nature. So effort is not something special, but a matter for all living things to do to survive. 1．What did the author discover outside the window? A．A squirrel was freezing nearly to death. B．A squirrel was choked by a large acorn. C．A squirrel was picking acorns from a tree. D．A squirrel was climbing to the top of a tree. 2．What does the underlined word “slender” mean in paragraph 3? A．Dead. B．Straight. C．Slim. D．Thick. 3．What is the author’s attitude to the squirrel in paragraph 4? A．Concerned. B．Unfriendly. C．Uncaring. D．Curious. 4．What does the story intend to convey? A．Stop struggling, life is stopped. B．Facts speak louder than words. C．Failure is the mother of success. D．Teaching others teaches yourself. Passage 3 （24-25学年高二上·山西省太原市·期末） It could happen anywhere at any time. It’s often unexpected, but almost never unappreciated. Most people have been on the receiving a random act of kindness—the moment when a complete stranger stops to offer aid, generosity or compassion. In a sometimes cold world where people can be so focused on what they’re doing, a random act of kindness can make all the difference. They can be relatively insignificant. Hannah Bailey from London, for example, told the Metro newspaper about how she was given her fruit and vegetable shopping for free. The seller did her a kindness when it emerged she didn’t have any change to pay. She was happy about it all day. The city of Naples has long had a tradition called “caffe sospeso”. When buying coffee, a person who has recently been lucky would purchase two cups but only drink one, leaving the second one out of the goodness of their heart, for a poor person to claim for free. This tradition is now more common worldwide. However, in some cases, these little acts can be a matter of life and death. Take, for example, the unnamed commuter, who in June 2018 fell off a station platform onto an electric railway track in Toronto, Canada. A quick-thinking, but even now unknown, bystander selflessly leapt down to pull him to safety. Or Jonny Benjamin, who in London in 2008 was persuaded not to commit suicide by a passer-by. He had been considering jumping from a bridge. He later found the Good Samaritan and thanked him. He may one day find a way to pay him back in kind—though that’s not the point. So, why do it? Often, the acts aren’t paid back. The people never meet again. According to UK charity The Mental Health Foundation, acts like these can “give our lives new purpose, show us other perspectives on our own problems and even make us feel euphoric. ” So give it a try. Hold open a door for someone, deliver a compliment even give up your seat on a bus. Help someone who is in need. It takes all kinds. It needn’t be anything huge. One day, whether you need it or not, someone might help you in your hour of need. 1．How did Hannah Bailey feel after she received a random act of kindness? A．She was pleased about it for the rest of the day. B．She was shamed about it all day. C．She wanted to pay back the money. D．She thought it insignificant. 2．What happens to the second coffee in a “caffe sospeso”? A．It is wasted after the man left. B．It is left at the cafe to be donated to a poor person. C．It is for the commuter only. D．It can only be drunk at the cafe shop. 3．According to the Mental Health Foundation, why do people commit random acts of kindness? A．They help us earn more money. B．They can add up some good reputation to us. C．They give our lives new purpose and a feeling of pleasure. D．They make problems for us. 4．What is the meaning of the underlined word in paragraph 6? A．Ambitious. B．Sorrowful. C．Awkward. D．Delighted. 试卷第40页，共45页 试卷第39页，共45页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题04 阅读理解（议论文） 主题01 人与社会——社会现象 Passage 1 （24-25学年高二上·陕西西安·期末） Nowadays, we can read almost all "truths" on social media sites. But are they really reliable? Sites such as the micro-messaging service, the social networking site and the photo-sharing app Instagram might "misrepresent the real world", according to a study by computer scientists from McGill University and Carnegie Mellon University. The scientists warn that gathering information about public views and trends from these sites is unwise. There are still large parts of the population who do not take part in social media activities. Also, there's a risk that many social media users are under-represented. Instagram, for example, appeals to younger adults in urban areas while Pinterest is used mainly by females aged 25 to 34. And only 5 percent of the micro-messaging service users are over 65 years old, according to the study. However, this is not the only issue, according to the scientific team. The design of a website can influence how people behave online, creating what the researchers call "Internet bias". For example, micro-blogging sites such as Weibo promote "popular" stories. It saves time for some but it also limits readers' choice of what they see. In the end, many people open those stories and make them more "popular". But it's not because they choose those stories. Rather, it is because the content is right in front of them. Besides, it's possible that not everyone on your social networks is real. There might actually be a few fake accounts among them. Fake "bots" pretend to be humans and are often included when measuring or predicting human behaviors online. The findings might be more important than you would think, since many social media studies are used to inform and justify decisions and investments among the public and in industry and government, according to Derek Ruths, an assistant professor of Computer Science at Mc Gill University. If the team is right, you might have to think carefully next time you say, "It's true, you know; I read it on Weibo." 1．Why does the author mention the micro-messaging and Instagram? A．Because they are the best social media sites today. B．Because they are not in favor of the current study. C．Because the public are sharing truths on these sites. D．Because information on these sites may not be reliable. 2．How is the passage developed? A．By giving examples. B．By making comparisons. C．By dividing into groups. D．By analyzing causes. 3．Which word can best describe the author's attitude toward information on social media sites? A．Ambiguous. B．Favorable. C．Disagreeable. D．Cautious. 4．What's the author's main purpose in writing the passage? A．To analyze why information gathered from social media sites may not be trustworthy. B．To remind readers of things they should watch out for when using social media. C．To point out the advantages and disadvantages of social media. D．To recommend popular social networking sites for readers. 【答案】1．D 2．D 3．D 4．B 【分析】这是一篇议论文。当今，我们几乎可以在社交媒体网站上读到所有的“真理”，但它们真的可靠吗？研究表明它们可能“歪曲了现实世界”。 1．推理判断题。根据第一段第二句“But are they really reliable?（但他们真的可靠吗?）”可知，作者对这些网上信息的真实性提出质疑；根据第一段第三句“Sites such as the micro-messaging service, the social networking site and the photo-sharing app Instagram might ‘misrepresent the real world’（ 微信息服务、社交网站和照片分享应用程序Instagram等网站可能“歪曲了现实世界”）”可知，微信息服务、社交网站和照片分享应用 Instagram 等网站可能“歪曲了现实世界”。由此可知，第一段提及微信息服务和 Instagram 等网站旨在说明这些网站上的信息可能不可靠。故选D。 2．推理判断题。通读第一段可知，该段前两句引出文章主题：网上信息是否真实可靠；接着说明提出该主题的原因：微信息服务和 Instagram 等网站上的信息可能不可靠。通读第二段可知，该段第一句提出该段主旨：从这些网站上收集关于公共观点和趋势的信息是不明智的；接着说明其原因：许多人并没有参加网络活动，网上的信息是不全面的。通读第三段可知，有可能你社交网站上并非人人都是真实的。据此可知，文章通过“分析原因”的方法论证观点。故选D。 3．推理判断题。根据文章第一段第一、二句“Nowadays, we can read almost all ‘truths’ on social media sites. But are they really reliable?（如今，我们几乎可以在社交媒体网站上看到所有的“真相”。但他们真的可靠吗?）”可知，作者对社交媒体网站上读到所有的“真相”提出质疑；根据最后一段中的“If the team is right, you might have to think carefully next time（如果团队是正确的，那么下次您可能需要仔细考虑）”可推知，作者对社交媒体上的信息持谨慎态度。故选D。 4．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Nowadays, we can read almost all "truths" on social media sites. But are they really reliable?... McGill University and Carnegie Mellon University.（如今，我们几乎可以在社交媒体网站上看到所有的“真相”。但他们真的可靠吗?麦吉尔大学(McGill University)和卡内基梅隆大学(Carnegie Mellon University)的计算机科学家的一项研究表明，微信息服务、社交网站和照片分享应用程序Instagram等网站可能会“歪曲现实世界”。）”和第二段第一句“The scientists warn that gathering information about public views and trends from these sites is unwise.（科学家警告说，从这些网站收集关于公众观点和趋势的信息是不明智的。）”可知，网站上的信息让人眼花缭乱，往往存在片面性和误导性，从网站上收集关于公共观点和趋势的信息是不明智的。据此可以判断，本文旨在提醒读者，在使用社交媒体获取信息时应当小心。故选B。 Passage 2 （24-25学年高二上·山西省太原市·期末） In the days before the Internet, critical thinking was the most important skill of informed citizens. But in the digital age, according to Anastasia Kozyreva, a psychologist at the Max Planck Institute of Human Development, and her colleagues, an even more important skill is critical ignoring. As the researchers point out, we live in an attention economy where content producers on the Internet compete for our attention. They attract us with a lot of emotional and eye-catching stories while providing little useful information, so they can expose us to profit-generating advertisements. Therefore,we are no longer customers but products, and each link we click is a sale of our time and attention. To protect ourselves from this, Kozyreva advocates for learning the skill of critical ignoring, in which readers intentionally control their information environment to reduce exposure to false and low-quality information. According to Kozyreva, critical ignoring comprises three strategies. The first is to design our environments, which involves the removal of low-quality yet hard-to-resist information from around. Successful dieters need to keep unhealthy food out of their homes. Likewise, we need to set up a digital environment where attention-grabbing items are kept out of sight. As with dieting, if one tries to bank on willpower not to click eye-catching “news”, he’ll surely fail. So, it’s better to just keep them out of sight to begin with. The next is to evaluate the reliability of information, whose purpose is to protect you from false and misleading information. It can be realized by checking the source in the mainstream news agencies which have their reputations for being trustworthy. The last goes by the phrase “do not feed the trolls.” Trolls are actors who internationally spread false and hurtful information online to cause harm. It may be appealing to respond to them to set the facts straight, but trolls just care about annoying others rather than facts. So, it’s best not to reward their bad behaviour with our attention. By sharpening our critical ignoring skills in these ways, we can make the most of the Internet while avoiding falling victim to those who try to control our attention, time, and minds. 1．What can we learn about the attention economy from paragraph 2? A．It offers little information. B．It features depressing stories. C．It saves time for Internet users. D．It seeks profits from each click. 2．Why does the author mention dieters in paragraph 3? A．To discuss the quality of information B．To prove the benefits of healthy food. C．To show the importance of environments. D．To explain the effectiveness of willpower. 3．What should we do to handle Internet trolls according to the text? A．Reveal their intention. B．Turn a deaf ear to them. C．Correct their behaviour. D．Send hard facts to them. 4．What is the text mainly about? A．Reasons for critical thinking in the attention economy. B．Practising the skill of critical ignoring in the digital age. C．Maximizing the benefits of critical ignoring on the Internet. D．Strategies of abandoning critical thinking for Internet users 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．B 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇议论文体。文章主要讨论了在数字时代，由于信息过载和注意力经济，批判性思维不再是唯一重要的技能，而更为关键的是“批判性忽视”的技能。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段中“As the researchers point out, we live in an attention economy where content producers on the Internet compete for our attention. They attract us with a lot of emotional and eye-catching stories while providing little useful information, so they can expose us to profit-generating advertisements. Therefore,we are no longer customers but products, and each link we click is a sale of our time and attention.(正如研究人员指出的那样，我们生活在一个注意力经济中，互联网上的内容生产者在争夺我们的注意力。他们用大量的情感和引人注目的故事来吸引我们，而提供的有用信息却很少，所以他们可以让我们接触到盈利的广告。因此，我们不再是客户而是产品，我们点击的每一个链接都是在销售我们的时间和注意力)”可知，注意力经济可以让我们接触到盈利性广告，并从每次点击中寻求利润。故选D项。 2．推理判断题。根据第三段中“Likewise, we need to set up a digital environment where attention-grabbing items are kept out of sight. As with dieting, if one tries to bank onwillpower not to click eye-catching “news”, he’ll surely fail. So, it’s better to just keep them out of sightto begin with.(同样，我们需要建立一个数字环境，让那些吸引眼球的东西远离我们的视线。就像节食一样，如果一个人试图依靠意志力不去点击引人注目的“新闻”，他肯定会失败。所以，最好一开始就把它们放在视线之外)”可推知，作者在第三段提到节食者，是为了强调我们需要建立一个让那些吸引眼球的东西远离我们的视线的数字环境，以此来表明环境的重要性。故选C项。 3．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“Trolls are actors who internationally spread false and hurtful information online to cause harm. It may be appealing to respond to them to set the facts straight, but trolls just care about annoying others rather than facts. So, it’s best not to reward their bad behaviour with our attention.(喷子是指故意在网上传播虚假和有害信息以造成伤害的行为者。回复他们澄清事实可能很有吸引力，但喷子只关心惹恼别人，而不是事实。所以，最好不要用我们的关注来奖励他们的坏行为)”可知，对付网络喷子，我们最好对他们充耳不闻。故选B项。 4．主旨大意题。根据第一段中“But in the digital age, according to Anastasia Kozyreva, a psychologist at the Max Planck Institute of Human Development, and her colleagues, an even more important skill is critical ignoring.(但根据马克斯·普朗克人类发展研究所的心理学家阿纳斯塔西娅·科兹列娃和她的同事们的说法，在数字时代，一项更重要的技能是“批判性忽视”)”和第三段中“According to Kozyreva, critical ignoring comprises three strategies.(Kozyreva认为，“批判性忽视”包括三种策略)”以及后文对这三种策略的具体介绍可推知，所以本文主要讨论了在数字时代，需要练习“批判性忽视”技巧。故选B项。 Passage 3 （24-25学年高二上·陕西延安市·期末） In modern society, the issue of whether students should be allowed to use mobile phones in school has sparked widespread debate. Some people believe that mobile phones can enhance learning efficiency and communication, while others argue that they may cause distractions and negative impacts on students’ studies. Those in favor of students using mobile phones in school claim that with the development of educational apps, students can access a wealth of learning resources anytime and anywhere. For example, they can use language learning apps to practice listening and speaking skills, or search for relevant information to supplement classroom knowledge. In addition, mobile phones also provide a convenient way for students to communicate with teachers and classmates, which is conducive to the exchange of learning experiences and the discussion of problems. However, opponents hold that mobile phones are a major source of distraction for students. With the various functions and entertainment apps on mobile phones, students are easily attracted and may waste a lot of time on them during class or study time. This will not only reduce learning efficiency but also affect their concentration and academic performance. Moreover, the use of mobile phones may also lead to problems such as cheating in exams and the spread of negative information, which is not conducive to the construction of a good school atmosphere. In my opinion, although mobile phones have certain advantages in learning, the negative impacts cannot be ignored. Therefore, schools should formulate reasonable regulations to guide students to use mobile phones correctly. For example, schools can allow students to use mobile phones at specific times and places under the supervision of teachers, or restrict the use of some entertainment apps to ensure that mobile phones play a positive role in students’ learning and life. 1．What is the main topic of this passage? A．The advantages of mobile phones. B．The disadvantages of mobile phones. C．Whether students should use mobile phones in school. D．The impact of mobile phones on society. 2．What is one of the reasons why some people support students using mobile phones in school? A．Mobile phones can help students relax. B．Mobile phones can replace teachers. C．Mobile phones can provide learning resources. D．Mobile phones can make students more popular. 3．Why do some people oppose students using mobile phones in school? A．Because mobile phones are too expensive. B．Because mobile phones are not necessary for students. C．Because mobile phones may cause distractions. D．Because mobile phones are difficult to operate. 4．What’s the author’s attitude towards students using mobile phones in school? A．Supportive. B．Opposed. C．Neutral. D．Indifferent. 【答案】1．C 2．C 3．C 4．C 【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章论述了学生将手机带进学校的好处和弊端，并且提出了学校应该制定合理的规则来规范学生使用手机的行为。 1．主旨大意题。根据文章第一句“In modern society, the issue of whether students should be allowed to use mobile phones in school has sparked widespread debate. (在现代社会，学生是否应该被允许在学校使用手机这一问题引发了广泛讨论。)”及全文可知，本文的主要话题是学生是否应在学校使用手机，故选C项。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段“Those in favor of students using mobile phones in school claim that with the development of educational apps, students can access a wealth of learning resources anytime and anywhere. (支持学生在学校使用手机的人认为，随着教育应用程序的发展，学生可以随时随地获取大量学习资源。)”可知，有人支持学生在学校用手机是因为手机能提供学习资源，故选C项。 3．细节理解题。由第三段“However, opponents hold that mobile phones are a major source of distraction for students. (然而，反对者认为手机是学生分心的主要来源。)”可知，反对者认为手机会使学生分心，这是他们反对学生在学校用手机的原因之一，故选C项。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“In my opinion, although mobile phones have certain advantages in learning, the negative impacts cannot be ignored. (在我看来，尽管手机在学习方面有一定优势，但其负面影响也不容忽视。)”可知，作者在文中既提到了手机对学习的好处，也指出了其负面影响，最后提出学校应制定合理规定引导学生正确使用手机，可见其态度是中立的，故选C项。 Passage 4 （24-25学年高二上·山西吕梁市·期末） Technology has undoubtedly opened up the world for me. Literally, in the case of my fully accessible home. My windows are automatic, and my front door is automatic too. There are also my wheelchairs. I guess that any wheelchair user will say the best invention is that of the wheel. It’s a tool bringing independence and comfort. Last week, I took a well-deserved break from work and went on a staycation in my local area. On the first day, I was heading further out in my power wheelchair than I’ve ever been on my own. This chair is almost like a Transformer. I like the speed, the phone charger and the flexible feature. It’s a wonderful creation. However, while there are many benefits that come with technology, I still live in a disabling world. For example, out in my power wheelchair that day, feeling free and easy, I headed straight to the shop not far away. I deserve to feel heard and included when innovation is concerned. But when I got there, I was confronted by self-service checkouts. While they are designed for easy and quick service, for me and many other disabled people, the lack of face-to-face services can put us at a disadvantage. Not only are the checkouts far too high, they are awkwardly designed so that you cannot approach them with a wheelchair. So, I waited for someone to assist me. In just a matter of a few hours, I had seen how technology and accessibility advancements have empowered me then, in the next breath, disabled me. I still live in a disabling world with sub-standard accessibility. Therefore, disabled people by and large are more likely to rely on mechanical and technological devices such as lifts and communication aids. Unfortunately, these things are sometimes abused and mistreated, making the person relying on them dependent on others. 1．How does the author think of technology according to paragraphs 1 and 2? A．He casts some doubts on it. B．He shows much gratitude for it. C．He expresses curiosity about it. D．He feels really carefree with it. 2．What happened to the author in the shop? A．He came across many other disabled people by chance. B．He waited quite a few hours in order to check out. C．He was unable to seek assistance from others. D．He couldn’t use the self-service checkout by himself. 3．Why does the author say he still lives in a disabling world? A．He thinks it is not easy to make his voice heard. B．Some shops are inaccessible to wheelchair users. C．He finds it really hard to fit in with non-disabled people. D．Things related to technology are sometimes out of service. 4．What would be the best title for the text? A．My different views concerning disability B．How I make full advantage of technology C．My love-hate relationship with technology D．How I live independently as a disabled man 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．D 4．C 【导语】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章主要介绍了科技给残疾人带来了便利，但人们对机械和科技设备的使用和保护不当也为残疾人的生活带来很多不便。 1．推理判断题。根据第一段关键句“Technology has undoubtedly opened up the world for me.”（科技无疑为我打开了世界。）和第二段关键句“This chair is almost like a Transformer. I like the speed, the phone charger and the flexible feature. It’s a wonderful creation.”（这把椅子几乎像个变形金刚。我喜欢速度、手机充电器和灵活的功能。这是一个奇妙的创造。）可知，作者认为科技为自己打开了世界，身为一个残疾人，作者利用科技创造的轮椅获得了很多便利，由此可知，根据第1段和第2段内容可知，作者对技术深表感激。故选B项。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段关键句“Not only are the checkouts far too high, they are awkwardly designed so that you cannot approach them with a wheelchair. So, I waited for someone to assist me.”（不仅结账台太高，而且设计得没有技巧，以至于你不能用轮椅接近它们。所以，我等着有人来帮助我。）可知，作者在自助结账时，由于结账台太高，他不能用轮椅接近他们，以至于作者不得不等着有人来帮助自己，由此可知，作者在商店里不能自己使用自助结账。故选D项。 3．推理判断题。根据最后一段内容“I still live in a disabling world with sub-standard accessibility. Therefore, disabled people by and large are more likely to rely on mechanical and technological devices such as lifts and communication aids. Unfortunately, these things are sometimes abused and mistreated, making the person relying on them dependent on others.”（我仍然生活在一个残疾的世界，没有达到标准。因此，残疾人总的来说更可能依赖机械和技术设备，如电梯和通信辅助设备。不幸的是，这些东西有时被滥用和虐待，使依赖它们的人依赖于其他人。）可知，因为机械和科技设备有时会被乱用或被人为破坏，导致这些设备无法正常使用，在这种情况下，作者还得求助别人，所以作者说自己还生活在一个残疾的世界中，由此可知，作者说他仍然生活在一个残疾的世界，因为与技术相关的东西有时无法使用。故选D项。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文，结合第一段关键句“Technology has undoubtedly opened up the world for me.”（科技无疑为我打开了世界。）和最后一段关键句“Unfortunately, these things are sometimes abused and mistreated, making the person relying on them dependent on others.”（不幸的是，这些东西有时被滥用和虐待，使依赖它们的人依赖于其他人。）可知，作者在第一、二段中描述了科技给他的生活带来的益处，第三段从反面说明了科技对他的生活产生的影响，作者在最后一段中表明，人们对机械和科技设备的使用和保护不当也为残疾人的生活带来很多不便，由此可知，作者在本文中表明了他对科技爱恨交加的态度，“My love-hate relationship with technology”意为“我与科技爱恨交加的关系”，选项能够概括文章的主要内容。故选C项。 Passage 5 （24-25学年高二上·陕西宝鸡市·期末） Should humans explore space? If you ask me, I’ll definitely give a positive answer. The space exploration has a direct impact on the lives of humans, as well as the state of our world. Satellites moving around the earth enable communication across the world, connecting people of different continents and broadcasting information worldwide. The Global Positioning System(GPS) can identify our location anywhere. Furthermore, weather satellites can forecast harmful weather conditions, which allows humans to prepare for deadly natural disasters and save lives. Space programs can also indirectly lead to the solution to poverty and world hunger. For example, large plots of land could be used far better if humans applied technologies. The most effective tool is the artificial earth satellite. It can screen areas of land within a very short time, indicating useful measures, such as the condition of crops, soil, rainfall, and droughts. It can then transmit this information to ground stations on the earth for better use. In recent years, space-based technologies have become an important factor to reach and expand global health objectives. Information provided by remote technologies can be applied to study the epidemiology(流行病学).This data provided by space technologies can monitor disease patterns, understand the environmental causes that spread it, make predictions about where it can spread in the future, and make plans to fight it efficiently. Furthermore, space exploration is something we can do for future generations. Mankind is using the resources provided on the planet, but these will run out one day. Overpopulation can be an existential threat for all mankind. With the advancement of space technology, it will be wise to use and explore the vast potential of other planets, such as the availability of mining resources on asteroids or other planets. For the exploration of the universe, perhaps the most advantageous of all is that it will unite us to work together for a common purpose, regardless of our differences. 1．What can space exploration do according to Paragraph 2? A．Improve the traffic on the earth. B．Help humans communicate and spread information. C．Help prevent deadly natural disasters. D．Promote travel between countries. 2．How can space programs help solve poverty and world hunger? A．By benefiting crop production with artificial earth satellites. B．By transporting food worldwide more easily. C．By creating job opportunities for the poor. D．By protecting available land resources. 3．What does the writer think of mining resources on other planets? A．Time-wasting. B．Arguable. C．Unnecessary. D．Rewarding. 4．What is the purpose of the last paragraph? A．To ask people to explore space independently. B．To encourage people to explore space cooperatively. C．To tell the readers the importance of exploring space. D．To show the readers the advantages of exploring space. 5．What is the text? A．An advertisement. B．A short story. C．An argumentative essay. D．A news report. 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．D 4．B 5．C 【导语】这是一篇议论文。主要讲的是人类是否应该探索太空为此话题而展开的讨论。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段“The space exploration has a direct impact on the lives of humans, as well as the state of our world. Satellites moving around the earth enable communication across the world, connecting people of different continents and broadcasting information worldwide.  The Global Positioning System(GPS) can identify our location anywhere. Furthermore, weather satellites can forecast harmful weather conditions, which allows humans to prepare for deadly natural disasters and save lives.”（太空探索直接影响着人类的生活，也影响着我们这个世界的现状。环绕地球运行的卫星使全世界的通信成为可能，将不同大陆的人们联系起来，向全世界广播信息。全球定位系统(GPS)可以在任何地方确定我们的位置。此外，气象卫星可以预测有害的天气状况，这使人类能够为致命的自然灾害做好准备，挽救生命。）可知，根据第二段，太空探索可以帮助人类交流和传播信息。故选B项。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段“Space programs can also indirectly lead to the solution to poverty and world hunger. For example, large plots of land could be used far better if humans applied technologies. The most effective tool is the artificial earth satellite. It can screen areas of land within a very short time, indicating useful measures, such as the condition of crops, soil, rainfall, and droughts. It can then transmit this information to ground stations on the earth for better use.”（太空计划还可以间接地解决贫困和世界饥饿问题。例如，如果人类应用技术，大片土地可以得到更好地利用。最有效的工具是人造地球卫星。它可以在很短的时间内筛选土地面积，显示有用的措施，如作物状况、土壤、降雨和干旱。然后，它可以将这些信息传输到地球上的地面站，以便更好地使用。）可知，太空计划利用人造地球卫星造福农作物生产来帮助解决贫困和世界饥饿问题。故选A项。 3．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“With the advancement of space technology, it will be wise to use and explore the vast potential of other planets, such as the availability of mining resources on asteroids or other planets.”（随着太空技术的进步，利用和探索其他行星的巨大潜力将是明智的，例如小行星或其他行星上的采矿资源的可用性。）可推知，作者对在其他星球上开采资源这一行为认为是有意义的。故选D项。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“For the exploration of the universe, perhaps the most advantageous of all is that it will unite us to work together for a common purpose, regardless of our differences.”（对于宇宙的探索来说，也许最有利的是它将把我们团结起来，为了一个共同的目标而努力，不管我们有什么分歧。）可推知，最后一段的目的是鼓励人们合作探索太空。故选B项。 5．推理判断题。根据文章大意以及第一段“Should humans explore space? If you ask me, I’ll definitely give a positive answer.”（人类应该探索太空吗？如果你问我，我一定会给你肯定的答复。）可知，文章主要讲的是人类是否应该探索太空为此话题而展开的讨论。故可推知，这篇文章应该属于议论文。故选C项。 主题02 人与自我—— 个人成长 Passage 1 （24-25学年高二上·陕西西安市·期末） I am a big laugher. I’ve been told that even in a room of a thousand people, you can always hear me laughing over the crowd. For me, laughter is the ultimate form of embodied joy. And by “embodied”, I mean that my whole body is involved when I laugh. On the inside, it’s like a bubbling fountain of joy spilling out all over the place. But what is joy, anyway? Life can be terrible, but if you decide to follow the sound of the joy-fountain, you will find joy showing up in all kinds of places: pets playfully bouncing around, kindness, or even in nothingness. How can joy be found? A friend moved into a new apartment and needed some help, so I helped him. Afterwards, he was obviously so much happier and at ease. I noticed that playing even a small part in his happiness brought me great joy, and I took a moment to let this feeling of embodied joy in. We can practice letting joy in by noticing how it feels to smile. Where does your body light up when you smile? When I smile, it makes me want to take a deep breath, and I notice my shoulders and belly relaxing. When I embody caring and loving, it feels great! Sadly, many of us are unaware of joy, or suspicious of it. Maybe you are afraid to open up to joy, or maybe you are so unfamiliar with what joy feels like that you ignore or resist it when it comes knocking. No one, other than you, owns your happiness, but you might unknowingly block feelings or experiences that help you embody joy. The fact is that when you can’t embody joy, you miss out on one of life’s essential vitamins. Want more joy? Don’t be afraid to look silly. Silliness helps us take things less personally. It helps us see the world the way a kid does. When we can find more joy in the smalls of everyday life, we can embody happiness, rather than just pursuing it. 1．How is the topic of joy introduced at the beginning of the passage? A．By highlighting a joyful experience. B．By stressing the importance of laughing C．By sharing the author’s understanding of joy. D．By presenting an ultimate form of satisfaction. 2．What might be the author’s advice on finding joy? A．Taking a deep breath. B．Smiling to your friends. C．Reflecting on nothingness. D．Doing small acts of kindness. 3．What might be the reason for many of us missing out on joy? A．That many of us refuse it on purpose. B．That many of us are insensitive to joy. C．That many of us lack life’s essential vitamins. D．That many of us are likely to take joy for granted. 4．What message does the author convey in this text? A．He who laughs last laughs best. B．Happy people are happy in childhood. C．Worry does not seek, but man seeks it. D．Love of joy is belief; the creation of joy is life. 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．B 4．D 【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论了快乐到底是什么。 1．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“I am a big laugher. I’ve been told that even in a room of a thousand people, you can always hear me laughing over the crowd. For me, laughter is the ultimate form of embodied joy. And by “embodied”, I mean that my whole body is involved when I laugh. On the inside, it’s like a bubbling fountain of joy spilling out all over the place.(我是一个爱大笑的人。有人告诉我，即使在一间有一千个人的房间里，你总能听到我的笑声盖过人群。对我来说，笑是体现快乐的终极形式。我说的“具体化”是指当我笑的时候，我的整个身体都参与其中。在内心深处，它就像一个快乐的喷泉，到处都是。)”可推知，文章一开始通过分享作者对快乐的理解，将快乐的话题引入。故选C。 2．推理判断题。根据文章第四段“A friend moved into a new apartment and needed some help, so I helped him. Afterwards, he was obviously so much happier and at ease. I noticed that playing even a small part in his happiness brought me great joy, and I took a moment to let this feeling of embodied joy in.( 一个朋友搬进了新公寓，需要一些帮助，所以我帮助了他。之后，他显然开心多了，也轻松多了。我注意到，即使在他的幸福中扮演一个很小的角色，也会给我带来巨大的快乐，我花了一点时间让这种快乐的感觉融入其中。)”和“When I smile, it makes me want to take a deep breath, and I notice my shoulders and belly relaxing. When I embody caring and loving, it feels great!(当我微笑的时候，它让我想深呼吸，我注意到我的肩膀和腹部放松了。当我表现出关心和爱的时候，感觉很棒！)”可推知，作者通过自己帮助朋友的经历建议我们通过做一些小小的善举来发现快乐。故选D。 3．推理判断题。根据文章第五段“Sadly, many of us are unaware of joy, or suspicious of it. Maybe you are afraid to open up to joy, or maybe you are so unfamiliar with what joy feels like that you ignore or resist it when it comes knocking.(可悲的是，我们中的许多人都没有意识到快乐，或者对它持怀疑态度。也许你害怕向快乐敞开心扉，或者也许你对快乐的感觉如此陌生，以至于当它来敲门时，你忽略或抵制它。)”可推知，我们中的许多人对快乐不敏感，这可能是我们许多人错过快乐的原因。故选B。 4．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Want more joy? Don’t be afraid to look silly. Silliness helps us take things less personally. It helps us see the world the way a kid does. When we can find more joy in the smalls of everyday life, we can embody happiness, rather than just pursuing it.(想要更多的快乐？不要害怕看起来很傻。愚蠢可以帮助我们不那么个人化。它帮助我们用孩子的方式看世界。当我们能在日常生活的小事中找到更多的快乐时，我们就能体现幸福，而不仅仅是追求幸福。)”可推知，作者想要传达“爱欢乐是信仰；快乐的创造就是生活”这个信息。故选D。 Passage 2 （24-25学年高二上·山西省太原市·期末） A British friend told me he couldn't understand why Chinese people love eating sunflower seeds (葵花子) as a snack so much. “I’ve met a lot of older Chinese and many have a crack in their front teeth; I believe that's from cracking the seeds,” he said. I had never noticed the habit, but once he mentioned it, I suddenly became more aware. I realized that whenever I’m watching TV or typing a report, I always start mindlessly cracking sunflower seeds. My friend doesn't like sunflower seeds, and, to him, it seems unnecessary to work so hard just to get one small seed. When we were young, the whole family would usually get together for Chinese New Year. Then, we all lived close to one another, usually in a small city, and sometimes even neighbors would go doortodoor on Chinese New Year’s Eve to check out what every household was making. I remember my parents would be in the kitchen cooking. In the living room, a large table would already be laid out, complete with a fancy tablecloth, readymade dumpling fillings, and dishes full of candy, fruits and sunflower seeds. Some of the dishes were to be offered to our ancestors later, while others were for neighbors and children to eat before the evening feast. I must have learned how to crack sunflower seeds back then. I don’t think it’s right to criticize one’s choice in food or eating habits, no matter how strange they may seem. It’s not only in China. When I went abroad, I found people had all sorts of strange habits when it came to food. In Denmark, they put salted red fish on bread and eat it for dinner, no matter how much it ruins their breath. They think it’s a delicacy, and it’s connected with their culture. I think it’s a wonderful tradition. 1．What lesson can we learn from the passage? A．One kind of food doesn’t necessarily suit everyone. B．Eating habits come from a certain culture. C．It is good to form healthy eating habits. D．Changing your eating habits will change your life. 2．What did the writer become aware of? A．She had ever typed a report about seeds. B．She ate various snacks while watching TV. C．She has a habit of cracking sunflower seeds. D．She damaged her teeth by eating sunflower seeds. 3．What does the writer prove by mentioning Chinese New Year? A．The traditions of celebrating it disappear. B．Children can eat delicious food on that day. C．The families would get together for it. D．Eating sunflower seeds is related to it. 4．The writer’s attitude to Denmark’s way of eating bread is ________． A．acceptable B．critical C．neutral D．doubtful 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．D 4．A 【分析】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章通过中国人喜欢嗑葵花籽的事例，谈论了饮食习惯来自特定的文化。 1．推理判断题。通读全文，根据最后一段中“It’s not only in China. When I went abroad, I found people had all sorts of strange habits when it came to food. In Denmark, they put salted red fish on bread and eat it for dinner, no matter how much it ruins their breath. They think it’s a delicacy, and it’s connected with their culture. (这不仅发生在中国。当我出国的时候，我发现人们在食物方面有各种奇怪的习惯。在丹麦，人们把腌制的红鱼放在面包上作为晚餐，不管这对他们的呼吸有多大的危害。他们认为这是一种美食，与他们的文化有关。)”可知，通过本文，我们可以了解到饮食习惯来自特定的文化。故选B项。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段中“I realized that whenever I’m watching TV or typing a report, I always start mindlessly cracking sunflower seeds. (我意识到，每当我看电视或打报告时，我总是无意识地开始嗑葵花籽。)”可知，作者意识到了自己有嗑葵花籽的习惯。故选C项。 3．推理判断题。根据第三段中“When we were young, the whole family would usually get together for Chinese New Year. (我们小的时候，全家人通常会在一起过中国新年。)”以及第五段中“I must have learned how to crack sunflower seeds back then. (我那时一定学会了如何嗑开葵花籽。)”等内容可知，作者提到中国新年是为了证明它和吃葵花籽有关。故选D项。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“In Denmark, they put salted red fish on bread and eat it for dinner, no matter how much it ruins their breath. They think it’s a delicacy, and it’s connected with their culture. I think it’s a wonderful tradition. (在丹麦，人们把腌制的红鱼放在面包上作为晚餐，不管这对他们的呼吸有多大的危害。他们认为这是一种美食，与他们的文化有关。我认为这是一个很棒的传统。)”可知，作者认为丹麦人吃面包的方式是可接受的。故选A项。 Passage 3 （24-25学年高二上·陕西咸阳·期末） Our character, basically, is a composite of our habits. “Sow a thought, reap (获得) an action; sow an action, reap a habit; sow a habit, reap a character; sow a character, reap a destiny,” the maxim goes. Habits are powerful factors in our lives. Because they are consistent, often unconscious pattems, they constantly, daily, express our character and produce our effectivcness...or ineffectiveness. As Horace Mann, the great educator, once said, “Habits are like a cable. We weave a part of it every day and soon it cannot be broken.” I personally do not agree with the last part of his expression. I know they can be broken. Habits can be learned and unlearned. But I also know it isn’t a quick fix. It involves a process and a tremendous (极大的) commitment. Those of us who watched the lunar voyage of Apollo 11 were transfixed as we saw the first men walk on the moon and return to earth. Superlatives such as “fantastic” and “incredible” were inadequate to describe those eventful days. But to get there, those astronauts literally had to break out of the tremendous gravity pull of the earth. More energy was spent in the first few minutes of lift-off, in the first few miles of travel, than was used over the next several days to travel half a million miles. Habits, too, have tremendous gravity pull—more than most people realize or would admit. Breaking deeply imbedded habitual tendencies such as procrastination (拖延), impatience, criticalness, or selfishness that violate (违背) basic principles of human effectiveness involves more than a little willpower and a few minor changes in our lives. “Lift- off” takes a tremendous effort, but once we break out of the gravity pull, our freedom takes on a whole new dimension. Like any natural force, the gravity pull can work with us or against us. The gravity pull of some of our habits may currently be keeping us from going where we want to go. But it is also the gravity pull that keeps our world together, that keeps the planets in their orbits and our universe in order. It is a powerful force, and if we use it effectively, we can use the gravity pull of habit lo create the cohesiveness and order necessary to establish effectiveness in our lives. 1．The author disagrees with Horace Mann because the latter believes________. A．habits are like a cable B．habits can be learned C．habits learning is hard D．habits cannot be broken 2．The author compares launching spacecraft and breaking old habits mainly because________. A．They both involve a little willpower. B．They can be learned and unlearned. C．They both take a tremendous effort in the beginning. D．Once done, they’ll ensure people unlimited freedom. 3．What is the structure of the text? A． B． C． D． 4．Which of the following is a suitable title for the text? A．The breakoff of habits B．The power of habits C．The lift-off of gravity pull D．Important habits in our lives 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．A 4．A 【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章主要讲人的品德基本上是由习惯组成的。习惯对我们的生活有很大的影响， 经年累月影响着我们的品德，暴露出我们的本性，左右着我们的成败，而我们也可以改变习惯。 1．细节理解题。由文章第三段“As Horace Mann, the great educator, once said, ‘Habits are like a cable. We weave a strand of it every day and soon it cannot be broken.’ I personally do not agree with the last part of his expression. (正如伟大的教育家霍勒斯·曼曾经说过的那样，‘习惯就像一根电缆。我们每天编织一股，很快它就无法被打破。’我个人不同意他的最后一句话)”可知，作者不同意Horace Mann的观点：习惯是无法打破的。故选D项。 2．推理判断题。由文章第四段“More energy was spent in the first few minutes of lift-off, in the first few miles of travel, than was used over the next several days to travel half a million miles.(在起飞的最初几分钟，在飞行的最初几英里，所消耗的能量比接下来几天的50万英里要多。)”以及第五段“Habits, too, have tremendous gravity pull-more than most people realize or would admit. Breaking deeply imbedded habitual tendencies such as procrastination, impatience, criticalness, or selfishness that violate basic principles of human effectiveness involves more than a little willpower and a few minor changes in our lives.‘Lift-off’ takes a tremendous effort...(习惯也具有巨大的引力，比大多数人意识到或承认的更大。打破根深蒂固的习惯性倾向，如拖延、急躁、吹毛求疵或自私，这些都违反了人类有效性的基本原则，这不仅仅是一点点意志力和我们生活中的一些小变化。“摆脱”需要巨大的努力……)”可知，作者将发射太空飞船和打破旧习惯进行类比是为了说明它们在刚开始的时候都需要巨大的努力。故选C项。 3．推理判断题。通读全文分析文章结构后可知，文章第一、二段是并列关系，主要讲习惯是我们生活中的重要因素，它是我们性格的综合表现；文章第三段作者提出自己的观点：习惯是可以改变的；文章四、五、六段是并列关系，主要说明改变习惯刚开始是需要很大的努力以及我们应该平衡习惯的利与弊，从而让它更好服务我们生活。由上分析再结合选项可知，应选A项。故选A项。 4．主旨大意题。由文章第三段“As Horace Mann, the great educator, once said, ‘Habits are like a cable. We weave a strand of it every day and soon it cannot be broken.’ I personally do not agree with the last part of his expression. I know they can be broken. Habits can be learned and unlearned. But I also know it isn’t a quick fix. It involves a process and a tremendous commitment.(正如伟大的教育家霍勒斯·曼曾经说过的那样，‘习惯就像一根电缆。我们每天编织一股，很快它就无法被打破。’我个人不同意他的最后一句话。我知道它们可以被打破。习惯可以学习，也可以不被学习。但我也知道这不是一个快速解决方案。这需要一个过程和巨大的承诺)”以及联系上下文可知，本文主要讲虽然刚开始需要很大努力，但习惯是可以打破重建的。所以A项“The breakoff of habits(习惯的改变)”符合文意，是最佳标题。故选A项。 主题03 人与自然——宇宙生态 Passage 1 （24-25学年高二上·山西省晋中·期末） You look up at the sky on a clear and dark night, you’ll see more stars than your eyes can count. Most of these stars have planets, similar to our own, orbiting them. With so many celestial bodies floating out in space, you can’t help but question whether other forms of life exist in the universe. And if that’s the case, is it possible to contact them? Science is still somewhat divided on this issue. Currently, no evidence exists to suggest that intelligent life exists elsewhere in the universe. Yet with an estimated one trillion planets in our galaxy alone, it seems highly likely that Earthlings aren’t the only intelligent creatures out there. Some claim that life can only develop under perfect circumstances, and Earth is perhaps the only example of this. Other scientists object to this claim, and point out that even on Earth, life can find a way under the most extreme circumstances. Some people believe that aliens have already visited our planet, but this information is being kept secret by governments. The most famous incident of this kind occurred in Roswell, New Mexico in 1947. On that date, many residents reported seeing an unusual flying disc streak through the sky, before it crashed in a field. When the military heard about the crash, they quickly sealed off the area. A few hours later, the army base announced that it had recovered a flying disk. Shortly after, this statement was retracted and it was said that it was a weather balloon that crashed. However, years later one local mortician even claimed that the military had him secretly perform an autopsy on a dead alien body. Others believe that there certainly are other life forms out there, but the distance between us is too great. Even if we could somehow create a spaceship that travels at the speed of light, it would still probably take several lifetimes to reach them. Then again, we might never have to do this if aliens reach us first. 1．Why do some scientists think there is life on other planets? A．Because an unusual flying disc was ever witnessed. B．Because life exists despite extreme conditions as those on the Earth do. C．Because the government’s statement seemed suspicious. D．Because there are a great number of planets in the universe. 2．What does the underlined word “retracted” in paragraph 3 mean? A．Examined again to guarantee the correctness. B．Emphasized again to persuade people. C．Formally taken back what has been said. D．Seriously criticized due to poor evidence 3．Which of the following might be the best title for the text? A．Are we alone in the universe? B．Is it possible to contact aliens? C．Intelligent life in the universe. D．Planets floating out in space. 4．How does the author sound in the passage? A．Objective. B．Humorous. C．Cautious. D．Anxious. 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．A 4．A 【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章主要论述了太空中是否还存在其它形式的生命，论述了不同的人对此的不同看法。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Yet with an estimated one trillion planets in our galaxy alone, it seems highly likely that Earthlings aren’t the only intelligent creatures out there.(然而，据估计，仅在我们的星系中就有一万亿颗行星，地球人似乎很有可能不是唯一的智慧生物)”可知，有些科学家认为其他星球上有生命是因为宇宙中有大量的行星。故选D。 2．词句猜测题。根据画线词上文“A few hours later, the army base announced that it had recovered a flying disk. Shortly after, this statement was”以及后文“it was said that it was a weather balloon that crashed(据说是一个气象气球坠毁)”可知，该军事基地宣布他们找到了一个飞碟。不久之后，这一声明被撤回，据说是一个气象气球坠毁。故画线词意思是“正式收回说过的话”，故选C。 3．主旨大意题。根据第一段中“With so many celestial bodies floating out in space, you can’t help but question whether other forms of life exist in the universe. And if that’s the case, is it possible to contact them?(太空中漂浮着这么多天体，你不禁要问宇宙中是否存在其他形式的生命。如果有的话，能联系上他们吗？)”结合文章主要论述了太空中是否还存在其它形式的生命，论述了不同的人对此的不同看法。可知，A选项“我们是宇宙中唯一的存在吗？”最符合文章标题。故选A。 4．推理判断题。根据第二段中“Science is still somewhat divided on this issue.(科学界在这个问题上仍然存在分歧)”；第三段中“Some people believe that aliens have already visited our planet, but this information is being kept secret by governments.(有些人认为外星人已经访问过我们的星球，但这些信息被政府保密)”以及最后一段中“Others believe that there certainly are other life forms out there, but the distance between us is too great.(另一些人认为肯定有其他生命形式存在，但我们之间的距离太大了)”可推知，文中没有提到作者的观点，即作者是客观的语气。故选A。 Passage 2 （24-25学年高二上·青海西宁·期末） A lunch break – it’s an important and often necessary part of our working or school day.  And now we’re spoilt (惯坏) with a lot of places to buy our lunch from, all offering attractive dishes and sandwiches to eat on the go. But our appetite for buying our lunchtime fare is not just costing us money, there might be a cost in terms of damaging our planet too. Just grabbing a sandwich, crisps and maybe a cake and coffee can produce at least four items of waste. Paper boxes, cups, wrappers and plastic knives and forks are all part of our disposable (一次性的) feast in addition to the food waste we create. Some experts say throwing away food, which produces methane (甲烷) as it rots, is a bigger cause of climate change than plastics. But regardless of what causes the most damage, the solution, according to an environmental campaign group called Hubbub, is to eat packed lunches. Tessa Tricks from the group says “People are saying that they are buying food to take out because life has got busier.” And she says people think they are being more efficient; but she argues that it's usually healthier and cheaper to make your own lunch. It means you can eat the things you really want and make the quantity that you actually need. Of course, preparing your lunch is another thing to fit into your morning scramble (忙乱) of getting ready for work, so if you haven’t got time and you are going to buy lunch, an alternative that Hubbub suggests is to take your own container to a shop and ask them to put your food in it. The idea of using reusable coffee cups for hot drinks and refilling water bottles has already proved successful, so this could be another step in the right direction. 1．What’s the second paragraph mainly about? A．It costs a lot of money buying lunch. B．Eating fast food is no good to health. C．Buying lunch leads to great damage to environment. D．Experts give suggestions on eating. 2．What’s Hubbub’s suggestion in paragraph 3? A．Stop eating packed lunches. B．Eating what you like. C．Trying to be more efficient in work. D．Making lunch by yourself. 3．What does the underlined word “this” in the last paragraph mean? A．Buying lunch. B．Taking your own container. C．Using reusable coffee cup. D．Using refilling water bottles. 4．What will the writer call on others to do? A．Make a full use of lunch time. B．Eating properly to keep healthy. C．Doing what you can to reduce pollution. D．Giving lunch time eating habit a thought to reduce damage to environment. 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．B 4．D 【分析】这是一篇议论文。作者认为为了保护环境，我们应该考虑改变自己的午餐习惯，并且自己准备午餐有很多好处。 1．主旨大意题。根据第二段第一句“But our appetite for buying our lunchtime fare is not just costing us money, there might be a cost in terms of damaging our planet too. ”（但是，我们购买午餐食物的欲望不仅让我们付出了金钱的代价，还可能会损害我们的地球。）可知，购买午餐导致了对环境的巨大破坏。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段第一句“But regardless of what causes the most damage, the solution, according to an environmental campaign group called Hubbub, is to eat packed lunches. ”（但不管造成最大损害的原因是什么，一个名为Hubbub的环保运动组织表示，解决方案是打包食物。）和倒第二句“And she says people think they are being more efficient; but she argues that it's usually healthier and cheaper to make your own lunch.”（她说，人们认为他们正在变得更有效率；但她认为，自己做午餐通常更健康，也更便宜。）可知，Hubbub的建议是自己做午饭。故选D。 3．指代猜测题。根据最后一段最后一句中的“The idea of using reusable coffee cups for hot drinks and refilling water bottles has already proved successful”（使用可重复使用的咖啡杯喝热饮和补充水瓶的想法已经被证明是成功的）可知，this指的是带自己的容器。故选B。 4．推理判断题。根据第二段第一句“But our appetite for buying our lunchtime fare is not just costing us money, there might be a cost in terms of damaging our planet too. ”（但是，我们购买午餐食物的欲望不仅让我们付出了金钱的代价，还可能会损害我们的地球。）根据倒第二句“And she says people think they are being more efficient; but she argues that it's usually healthier and cheaper to make your own lunch.”（她说，人们认为他们正在变得更有效率；但她认为，自己做午餐通常更健康，也更便宜。）根据最后一段 “The idea of using reusable coffee cups for hot drinks and refilling water bottles has already proved successful, so this could be another step in the right direction.”使用可重复使用的咖啡杯来热饮和补充水瓶的想法已经被证明是成功的，所以这可能是朝着正确的方向迈出的又一步。由此判断出，作者认为为了保护环境，我们应该考虑改变自己的午餐习惯。故选D。 主题01 人与社会——人际关系 Passage 1 （24-25学年高二上·山西省太原市·期末） Since time immemorial, people have been searching for the fountain of youth. Surprisingly, the dream of human immortality is, according to some scientists, not so far out of reach. Professor Brian Cox, Google’s Ray Kurzweil, and Tesla head Elon Musk all agree on not only the possibility of human immortality but also that it is not too far away. The solution, they say, is something called the “technological singularity” The singularity is a combination of humankind with computers, namely uploading the contents of one’s brain onto a hard drive. In that way, a person’s consciousness can stay alive after a physical body gets worse. This is based on the idea that a human brain is simply a machine, and there is, according to Professor Cox, “no reason at all why we cannot simulate (模拟)human intelligence,” using a computer. Although Professor Cox did not say when the singularity would occur, Google’s Ray Kurzweil predicts that the singularity will happen as early as 2045. By 2100, he says, human body parts will be replaceable by machine parts. Further, by uploading our brains onto a computer, we will be able to toy with it, and become “able to expand the scope of our intelligence a billion fold. Elon Musk agreed with the assessments of the other scientists, even going so far as saying that the chances that we are not in a computer simulation right now are “one in billions”. Google is preparing for a future where you can download personalities onto robots. For example, you might be able to download onto your robot a celebrity personality, or of the personality of your deceased grandmother. The search engine giant filed a patent for this download process recently. So they definitely believe that the singularity is just around the corner. All you have to do is hold on until 2045, and soon you can effectively live in the cloud. 1．What does the underlined word “immortality” in Paragraph 1 probably mean? A．Being perfect. B．Being wealthy. C．Living forever. D．Continuous improvement. 2．How did the writer illustrate the idea of human immortality in the text? A．By listing data. B．By presenting quotations. C．By doing experiments. D．By making comparisions. 3．Which of the following can Elon Musk most probably agree with? A．Computers are much smarter than humankind. B．Computers can never surpass humankind at all. C．Computers and humankind are quite different. D．Computers can be another version of humankind. 4．How can humankind improve by 2100 according to the text? A．Physically and intelligently. B．Individually and corporately. C．Psychologically and spiritually. D．Emotionally and materially. 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．D 4．A 【导语】这是一篇议论文。自古以来人们就一直寻找青春之泉，令人惊讶的是，根据一些科学家的说法，人类永生的梦想并非遥不可及。文章引用Brian Cox，Ray Kurzweil和Elon Musk三人的观点来说明不久的将来人类可以永生——通过“技术奇异点”，即将人类和计算机结合起来，即使身体状况变坏后，人类的意识还是会存在。 1．词句猜测题。根据划线单词上文“Since time immemorial, people have been searching for the fountain of youth. (自古以来，人们就在寻找青春之泉)”和第三段提到的“In that way, a person’s consciousness can stay alive after a physical body gets worse. (这样，一个人的意识可以在身体状况变差后继续存活)”可知，人们一直都在寻求青春之泉，在身体情况变差后意识仍会继续存活。由此可推知，划线单词“immortality”意为“永生”，故选C。 2．推理判断题。根据第二段中“Professor Brian Cox, Google’s Ray Kurzweil, and Tesla head Elon Musk all agree on not only the possibility of human immortality but also that it is not too far away. (Brian Cox教授、谷歌Ray Kurzweil和特斯拉首席执行官Elon Musk都认为，人类不朽的可能性不仅存在，而且不会太遥远)”以及下文引用的这三个人的观点，其中有直接引语也有间接引语可推知，文章主要通过呈现引语来论证人类永生的观点。故选B。 3．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Elon Musk agreed with the assessments of the other scientists, even going so far as saying that the chances that we are not in a computer simulation right now are “one in billions”.(Elon Musk同意其他科学家的评估，甚至说我们现在没有陷入计算机模拟的可能性是“十亿分之一”)”可知，我们现在处于计算机仿真中的概率很大。由此可推知，计算机可能是人类的另一个翻版。故选D。 4．细节理解题。根据第四段中“By 2100, he says, human body parts will be replaceable by machine parts. Further, by uploading our brains onto a computer, we will be able to toy with it, and become “able to expand the scope of our intelligence a billion fold.(他说，到2100年，人体器官将可以被机器部件所替代。此外，通过将我们的大脑上传到计算机上，我们将能够玩弄它，并成为“能够将我们的智力范围扩大十亿倍”)”可知，到2100年人类将会在身体和智能上得到提高。故选A。 Passage 2 （24-25学年高二上·陕西省汉中市·期末） If you could change your child's DNA in the future to protect them against diseases, would you? It could be possible because of technology known as CRISPR- Cas, or just CRISPR. CRISPR involves a piece of RNA, a chemical messenger, designed to work on one part of DNA； it also uses an enzyme (If) that can take unwanted genes out and put new ones in, according to The Economist. There are other ways of editing DNA, but CRISPR will do it very simply, quickly, and exactly. The uses of CRISPR could mean that cures are developed for everything from Alzheimer's to cancer to HIV. By allowing doctors to put just the right cancer-killing genes into a patient's immune system, the technology could help greatly. In April scientists in China said they had tried using CRISPR to edit the genomes (基因组)of human embryos. Though the embryos would never turn into humans, this was the first time anyone had ever tried to edit DNA from human beings. With this in mind, the US' National Academy of Sciences plans to discuss questions about CRISPR s ethics(伦理问题).For example? CRISPR doesn't work properly yet. As well as cutting the DNA it is looking for, it often cuts other DNA, too. In addition, we currently seem to have too little understanding of what DNA gives people what qualities. There are also moral questions around playing God”. Of course, medicine already stops natural things from happening-for example, it saves people from infections. The opportunities to treat diseases make it hard to say we shouldn't keep going. A harder question is whether it is ever right to edit human germ-line(种系)cells and make changes that are passed on to children. This is banned in 40 countries and restricted in many others. However, CRISPR means that if genes can be edited out, they can also be edited back in. It may be up to us as a society to decide when and where editing the genome is wrong. Also, according to The Economist, gene editing may mean that parents make choices that are not obviously in the best interests of their children: “Deaf parents may prefer their children to be deaf too； parents might want to make their children more intelligent at all costs. In the end, more research is still needed to see what we can and can't do with CRISPR. “It's still a huge mystery how we work,” Craig Mello? a UMass Medical School biologist and Nobel Prize winner, told The Boston Globe, "We're just trying to figure out this amazingly complicated thing we call life. 1．What is the passage mainly about? A．What we can and can't do with CRISPR. B．How CRISPR was developed by scientists. C．The advantages of CRISPR and arguments about its ethics. D．Scientists' experiments of using CRISPR to edit human embryos. 2．According to the passage, the technology of CRISPR . A．is very safe because it only cuts the DNA it is looking for B．is banned in most countries and restricted in many others C．could cause parents to make unwise choices for their children D．could help us discover the link between DNA and the qualities it gives people 3．It can be inferred from the passage that . A．all diseases could probably be cured through the uses of CRISPR B．scientists had never edited genomes before CRISPR was invented C．CRISPR is a technology that uses an enzyme to work on RNA and DNA D．CRISPR has proven to be the most effective way to protect children against diseases 4．What is the author's attitude towards CRISPR? A．Supportive. B．Worried. C．Negative. D．Objective. 【答案】1．C 2．C 3．A 4．D 【分析】本文是一篇议论文。文章介绍了一种为抵抗疾病而改变基因组织的新科技CRISPR，它在治疗疾病方面的优点和在伦理方面引发的人们的各种争论。 1．主旨大意题。文章主要介绍了一种为抵抗疾病而改变基因组织的新科技CRISPR，其优点和在伦理方面引发的人们的各种争论。故选C。 2．细节埋解题。根据倒数第二段的gene editing may mean that parents make choices that are not obviously in the best interests of their children: “Deaf parents may prefer their children to be deaf too; parents might want to make their children more intelligent at all costs.”可知由于基因被改变，会导致父母不能正确对孩子做出决定，故选C。 3．推理判断题。根据第三段的The uses of CRISPR could mean that cures are developed for everything from Alzheimer’s to cancer to HIV.可知CRISPR技术使得所有疾病的治愈成为可能。故选A。 4．推理判断题。文章中作者详细介绍了CRISPR技术，它在治疗疾病方面的帮助作用，以及在使用中人们对它的各种顾虑。作者是客观如实介绍，所以他对此技术的观点是客观的，故选D。 Passage 3 （24-25学年高二上·陕西省榆林市·期末） It’s uncertain when many offices may reopen, but it’s clear the virtual work revolution that began with the pandemic isn’t going away. Alexia Cambon,research director at Gartner, says finding the right combination of in-person and virtual work will take creativity and experimentation. Managing director Deborah Lovich stresses that companies should consider that flexibility is not only about location, but also about the hours employees work. Alexia also points out the importance of finding solutions for a whole team. “What COVID-19 taught us is that flex work cannot be for an individual. It has to be for the team,” she says. “When the whole team is together online versus a whole team together in person,it works.” Progressive organizations are also reconsidering their workplace culture. “They’re thinking about changing culture and leadership to be much more trust-based, impact-based, instead of input-based,like,I see you,so I think you’re productive,’ compared to, ‘Wow, I see what you’ve accomplished,and I know you’ve been productive,””Lovich says. Lovich sees remote work as a “win-win” for employees who get more flexibility and employers who can hire people from anywhere in the country or even the world. She views it as creating equality in terms of allowing small towns to attract talent and offering more opportunity for women to climb the corporate ladder without having to relocate their families, something that she says often takes a back seat in a dual-career houschold. Companies that require a return to a fully on-site model could lose one in three employees.Lovich agrees that employers need to be careful. “It’s an employee’s market right now. The world is short of workers,and because of that we should really think about what we need and feel confident and courageous to speak up. And a lot of companies are getting that, and so it’s a real opportunity to either shape the place you work to be the place it needs to be or go someplace else that does,”Lovich says.“For decades,we’ve been contorting(扭曲)our lives to fit around work， and COVID-19 forced work to fit around lives．” 1．What does Alexia emphasize according to the text? A．How to make virtual work go away soon. B．How to create virtual work cooperatively. C．How to combine virtual work with science. D．How to find the best location for virtual work 2．Why do progressive organizations change their workplace culture? A．To take control of the development of virtual work. B．To compare company culture with firm leadership. C．To make employees feel trusted and develop positively. D．To persuade more companies to choose virtual work soon. 3．What does Lovich think of virtual work? A．It is attractive to all employees. B．It is just beneficial to employers. C．It is popular among small firms. D．It benefits both bosses and workers. 4．What does the author mainly want to tell us? A．Virtual work is here to stay. B．Advantages of virtual work. C．Be far away from flexibility. D．A“win-win“ change for business. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．D 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章通过列举Alexia Cambon和Lovich对于“远程工作”的看法，阐述了远程工作将继续存在。 1．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Alexia also points out the importance of finding solutions for a whole team. “What COVID-19 taught us is that flex work cannot be for an individual. It has to be for the team,” she says. When the whole team is together online versus a whole team together in person,it works.”（Alexia还指出了为整个团队寻找解决方案的重要性。“COVID-19告诉我们，弹性工作不适合个人。必须是为了团队，”她说。“当整个团队在网上进行交流，而不是整个团队面对面交流时，效果会更好。”）可知，Alexia强调了整个团队找解决方案的重要性，即就是“如何合作创建远程工作的重要性”。B项“How to create virtual work cooperatively.”（如何合作创建远程工作。）符合原文表述，故选B项。 2．推理判断通。根据文章第四段“Progressive organizations are also reconsidering their workplace culture. “They’re thinking about changing culture and leadership to be much more trust-based, impact-based, instead of input-based,like,I see you,so I think you’re productive,’ compared to, ‘Wow, I see what you’ve accomplished,and I know you’ve been productive,””Lovich says.”（进步组织也在重新考虑他们的工作场所文化。洛维奇说：“他们正在考虑改变文化和领导力，使之更加基于信任、基于影响，而不是基于投入，比如，我看到你了，所以我认为你很有效率，”相比之下，“哇，我看到了你所取得的成就，我知道你很有成效。”）可知，进步组织重现考虑工作场所文化，是想让文化基于信任、影响，而不是基于投入。所以推测，这是因为可以增强信任和促进积极发展。C项“To make employees feel trusted and develop positively.”（让员工感到信任并积极发展。）符合推断，故选C项。 3．细节理解题。根据文章第五段“Lovich sees remote work as a “win-win” for cmployees who get more flexibility and employers who can hire people from anywhere in the country or even the world. ”（洛维奇将远程工作视为一种“双赢”，既有更灵活的员工，也有可以从全国甚至世界任何地方雇佣员工的雇主。）可知，洛维奇认为远程工作对于老板和员工都有利。D项“It benefits both bosses and workers.”（这对老板和工人都有利。）符合原文表述，故选D项。 4．推理判断题。浏览全文，根据文章中的“It’s uncertain when many offices may reopen, but it’s clear the virtual work revolution that began with the pandemic isn’t going away.”（许多办公室何时重新开放尚不确定，但很明显，始于疫情的远程工作革命不会消失。）可知，作者主要是想通过列举了Alexia Cambon和Lovich对于“远程工作”的看法，阐述了远程工作将继续存在。A项“Advantages of virtual work.”（远程工作工作将继续存在。）符合题干，故选A项。 Passage 4 （24-25学年高二上·陕西省安康市·期末） As I write this blog on 23rd April, most of the UK will have been stuck at home for a whole month since 23rd March. As we adjust to the physical challenges brought about by coronavirus, it will come as no surprise when I say that our language is also being affected by the current situation. We have all learned some new vocabulary: coronavirus being one of them. For many, it was probably the first time they realised that ‘corona’ means ‘crown (-like)’, referring to the shape of the virus itself. There is plenty of other terminology related to the virus: COVID-19, epidemic, pandemic, self-isolation, super-spreader. All of a sudden, the pandemic has people like you and me with no medical backgrounds talking like true epidemiologists (specialists who study diseases). More importantly, the effects of the pandemic and the nationwide lockdown on our language use extend way beyond the vocabulary we might slip in during our video chats with family, friends, and colleagues. With the closure of schools and universities, most bilingual students now live at home where they are immersed in a linguistic environment, where on the one hand, they are losing hundreds of contact hours with English-speaking peers. On the other hand, this might be an opportunity for them to develop their abilities in their home languages. Similar linguistic changes can be observed among those who mostly communicate only in English too, for instance, in terms of their accents. After being in the same space with our family for a whole month, some of us might start to sound more and more like our family– partly because we all unconsciously accommodate to people we frequently talk to. In this sense, what this national lockdown does to our accents is like when we have been on an extended holiday abroad with the family. Maybe when we can finally socialise again, we will be able to guess where each other’s roommates are from. 1．What is the current situation in Paragraph 1? A．People in the UK have to stay at home. B．We have got used to the environment. C．Coronavirus is affecting our language. D．People face the challenge of the virus. 2．What does the nationwide lockdown bring for bilingual students? A．Chatting with relatives online. B．Losing contact with classmates. C．Fewer English practicing hours. D．A lack of learning environment. 3．What’s the main idea of the last paragraph? A．The way we communicate changes. B．We speak with more accents. C．We can easily identify others. D．Our accents are being changed. 4．What’s the author’s tone in writing this article? A．Cautious. B．Critical. C．Pessimistic. D．Humorous. 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．B 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文，讲述作者在疫情封锁期间注意到居家对于语言的影响。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“most of the UK will have been stuck at home for a whole month since 23rd March.( 自3月23日起，大部分英国人将被困在家里整整一个月。)”以及“…our language is also being affected by the current situation(……我们的语言也受到了当前形势的影响)”可知，由于疫情，大多数的英国人需要居家，人们不仅要适应疫情居家所带来的身体挑战，语言也受到了影响，所以，现状是英国人不得不呆在家里。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段“With the closure of schools and universities, most bilingual students now live at home where they are immersed in a linguistic environment, where on the one hand, they are losing hundreds of contact hours with English-speaking peers.( 随着中小学和大学的关闭，大多数双语学生现在住在家里，他们沉浸在语言环境中，一方面，他们失去了与说英语的同龄人接触的数百个小时。)”可知，随着学校的关闭，大多数的双语学生只能居家学习。在这样的语言环境中，他们不能和说英语的同学接触，从而失去了大量练习英语的时间。由此可知，全国范围内的封锁使双语学生的英语练习时间减少。故选C。 3．主旨大意题。根据最后一段“Similar linguistic changes can be observed among those who mostly communicate only in English too, for instance, in terms of their accents.( 在那些主要只用英语交流的人身上也可以观察到类似的语言变化，例如他们的口音。)”可知，本段第一句话就讲到对于只用英语为交流工具的人来说，也有相似的影响，主要体现在他们的方言上。由于与家人或室友在一起的时间更多，人们会无意识地适应和我们对话的人的方言， 所以语言上会越来越像家人或室友，多少都会带上对方的方言。由此可知，最后一段主要讲的是我们说话有了更多的口音。故选B。 4．推理判断题。根据第二段“All of a sudden, the pandemic has people like you and me with no medical backgrounds talking like true epidemiologists (specialists who study diseases).( 突然之间，大流行让像你我这样没有医学背景的人像真正的流行病学家(研究疾病的专家)一样交谈。)”以及最后一段“In this sense, what this national lockdown does to our accents is like when we have been on an extended holiday abroad with the family. Maybe when we can finally socialise again, we will be able to guess where each other’s roommates are from.( 从这个意义上说，全国封锁对我们口音的影响就像我们和家人在国外度长假一样。也许当我们终于可以重新社交时，我们就能猜出彼此的室友来自哪里了。)”可知，作者使用“All of a sudden, with no backgrounds, true, an extended holiday, be able to guess”等词，可以看出作者是用一种轻松幽默的语气写这篇文章。故选D。 Passage 5 （24-25学年高二上·陕西省西安市·期末） Parents do not owe （欠） their children a college education. If they can afford it, they can certainly send them to a good university. But they needn’t feel guilty if they can’t. When children grow up and want to get married, their parents do not owe them an apartment. They do not have the duty to look after their grandchildren, either. If they want to do it, it must be considered a favor, not an obligation. Do parents owe their children anything? Yes, they owe them a great deal. One of their obligations is to give their children a personal worth. Children who are always made to feel stupid and unworthy, constantly compared with brighter brothers, sisters, or cousins will become so unsure, so afraid of failing that they won’t try at all. Of course they should be properly corrected when they do wrong, but it’s often better to let children learn their mistakes by themselves in time. All their parents should do is to trust them, respect them, understand them and give them chances to try and fail. They must learn to stand failure. When criticisms （批评） are really needed, they should be balanced with a smile and a kiss. That is the way children learn. Parents owe their children a set of solid values around which to build their lives. This means teaching them to respect the rights and opinions of others; it means being respectful to elders, to teachers, and to the law. The best way to teach such values is by deed. A child who is lied to will lie. A child who sees no laughter and no love in the home will have difficulty laughing and loving. No child asks to be born. If you bring a life into the world, you owe the child something. 1．The author thinks parents ________. A．should send their children to college B．should support their children after they get married C．need to buy an apartment for their children D．needn’t feel guilty if they can’t send their children to universities 2．What does the underlined word “obligation” in Paragraph 1 mean? A．Right. B．Promise. C．Duty. D．Excuse. 3．According to the passage, what should parents do when children make mistakes? A．Understand them and tell them not to do that again. B．Let them learn the mistakes by themselves in time. C．Compare them with brighter brothers or sisters. D．Correct their mistakes immediately. 4．What does the author mainly talk about in this passage? A．The duties of parents. B．The best way to teach children. C．The reason why children feel stupid and unworthy. D．The reason why parents owe their children something. 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．B 4．A 【分析】这是一篇议论文。文章就父母对子女真正的责任是什么进行论述，总结出父母真正要给予孩子的是个人价值和正确的价值观，这才是父母真正的职责。 1．细节理解题。根据文章第一段中“Parents do not owe （欠） their children a college education...But they needn’t feel guilty if they can’t.” 父母不欠子女大学教育......如果他们承担不起大学教育，也不必感到内疚，可知，作者认为，如果父母不能送子女上大学，也不必感到内疚。故选D。 2．词句猜测题。根据“If they want to do it, it must be considered a favor, not an obligation. ”如果他们想这样做，就必须把它看作一种恩惠，而不是义务， 这一句中的“favor”意为“恩惠、帮忙”相反意思应为“义务、责任”，所以可以判断“obligation”应是“义务”之意，同时“obligation”和前一句“They do not have the duty to look after their grandchildren, either.” 他们也没有义务照顾孙子孙女，这一句里的“duty”是近义词，属于词义重现用法。故选C。 3．细节理解题，从本文第三段第三句的“Of course they should be properly corrected when they do wrong, but it’s often better to let children learn their mistakes by themselves in time.” 当然，如果孩子做错了，他们应该得到适当的纠正，但是最好是让孩子们自己及时地知道他们的错误，可知，当孩子犯错时，父母应该让孩子自己及时了解错误。故选B。 4．主旨大意题。文章第一段“Parents do not owe （欠） their children a college education...”从父母送子女上大学，帮忙买房子或照看孙辈等琐事引入主题，说明这些并不是父母真正的职责，根据第三段第一句“One of their obligations is to give their children a personal worth.” 他们的义务之一是给孩子们个人的价值和倒数第一段“Parents owe their children a set of solid values around which to build their lives.” 父母有义务为孩子建立一套坚实的价值观，并以此来构建他们的生活。可知，父母真正要给予孩子的是个人价值和正确的价值观，这才是父母真正的职责，所以文章主要讲父母的职责。故选A。 主题02人与自我—— 情感体验 Passage 1 （24-25学年高二上·山西省吕梁市·期末） When I was young, I read many kinds of books, including fairy tales. Most of the books described heroes who were handsome and heroines who were beautiful. So, I believed I had to be beautiful if I wanted to become a great person. As I grew up, I began to realize outer beauty was not so important to make someone good. I remember a friend of mine, Janie, who was so beautiful that every classmate wanted to talk with her, but she was very arrogant (傲慢的). She believed that she could do everything she wanted because she was so beautiful, but she lost friends one by one. My poor friend! But she learned a good lesson: inner beauty is more important than outer beauty. After she learned that, she changed her attitude and made friends again. Whenever I see TV advertisements, I feel that these things make us believe beauty is very important— especially physical attractiveness. Although we say that inner beauty is more valuable, we often look for plastic surgery to make us more beautiful. There seems to be a boom (流行) in plastic surgery. It is surprising to realize the number of people who try it is increasing day by day. We know good-looking guys usually get higher scores on job interviews. So, what is real beauty? I want to say that inner beauty is the real one because if someone has beauty in his soul, he looks like a really beautiful person. The beauty looked at with eyes doesn’t last forever. Instead of concentrating on outer beauty, we should concentrate on inner beauty. The point is that inner beauty is more important than outer beauty. So, if we make the effort to make our minds beautiful, we’ll be happier. 1．When the author was young, she thought if he wanted to succeed, . A．she must learn from the heroes B．she had to work hard at her lessons C．she must have good looks D．she had to read many kinds of books. 2．Why did Janie lose friends one by one? A．Because she looked down upon others. B．Because she wouldn’t take their advice. C．Because she was too ashamed. D．Because she didn’t study well at her lessons. 3．The underlined phrase “plastic surgery” in Paragraph 4 probably means . A．化妆 B．阅读 C．健身 D．整形 4．What would be the best title for the passage? A．The Importance of Beauty B．Inner Beauty is the Real Beauty C．Beauty Makes One Happier D．How to Make Oneself Beautiful 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．D 4．B 【导语】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章通过讲述作者生活中的故事及朋友詹尼的举例，最终提出外在的漂亮并非成功必须的，内在美才是真的美。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“When I was young, I read many kinds of books, including fairy tales. Most of the books described heroes who were handsome and heroines who were beautiful. So, I believed I had to be beautiful if I wanted to become a great person. ”（当我年轻的时候，我读了很多种类的书，包括童话故事。大多数书都描写英雄是英俊的，女英雄是美丽的。所以，我相信如果我想成为一个伟大的人，我必须变得漂亮。）可知，作者小时候，通过读书了解到，书中的英雄都是长相好看的，即作者认为成功的人必须有好的长相。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段中“I remember a friend of mine, Janie, who was so beautiful that every classmate wanted to talk with her, but she was very arrogant (傲慢的).” （我记得我的一个朋友，詹妮，她是如此美丽，每个同学都想和她说话，但她非常傲慢。）第三段中“But she learned a good lesson: inner beauty is more important than outer beauty. After she learned that, she changed her attitude and made friends again.”（但她学到了一个很好的教训: 内在美比外在美更重要。在她学会了这一点之后，她改变了态度，重新交到了朋友。）可知，詹尼对待想和她说话的同学很傲慢，这导致之后她的朋友一个接一个的离她而去。故选A。 3．词句猜测题。根据第四段中“Although we say that inner beauty is more valuable, we often look for plastic surgery to make us more beautiful. ”（虽然我们说内在美更有价值，但我们经常寻求plastic surgery，使我们更美丽。）可知，人们知道内在美的价值，但常常大家为了外在的美，而寻求plastic surgery，即通过plastic surgery让自己变得更美，可推知划线词此处指“整形”，故选D。 4．主旨大意题。通读文章，文章的前三段通过作者生活中的故事，尤其是第三段提到朋友詹尼的举例，詹尼自认自己长得漂亮，对待朋友傲慢失去朋友。之后她意识到内在美才是美，身边朋友的失而复得，内在美才是重要的。充分表明内在美才是真的美。所以文章的标题可以为“内在美才是真的美”。故选B。 Passage 2 （24-25学年高二上·山西省大同市·期末） It was mid-afternoon. I looked outside my dorm window, and saw the lifeless gray sky, the snow and the trackless sidewalks. There was no one in the snow but a squirrel. The brown-gray North American squirrel,a look of terror in his shining eyes, braved the cold to throw himself over snow. In his mouth was a large acorn(橡实)—I was surprised it fit in his mouth. I moved closer to my window, outside of which is a medium-sized tree, lacking its warm-weather leaves. The squirrel ran up rapidly, higher and higher in the tree, and his small body held onto his dear acorn. Up he went, to the tip of one of the highest branches. I held my breath—I wondered if that slender branch could support him. I wondered if his winter food store was in this tree—squirrels are known to hide their nuts, mushrooms, and vegetation high up in trees. Outside, the squirrel firmly grasped that branch, jaw clamping(夹紧)on his acorn. Then came the wind blowing violently, shaking the tree, the branch and the squirrel. He hung on for dear life, and both arms wrapped around the branch in the wind. I held my breath: If he fell from a height like this, then.... Seeing this little squirrel, I had my heart in my mouth. As the wind became stronger, the squirrel’s precious acorn fell to the ground. The squirrel followed its downward progress only by sight—if he let go the branch, he would fall downwards as well. I was so nervous that I didn’t take my gaze off the squirrel for one minute. Surprisingly, he then climbed down the tree and was now half-buried in the snow, searching desperately for his acorn. Finally, he made it. The brave animal is able to survive in nature all because of its desperate efforts.The same goes for us humans. We all work hard to survive, and this is the law of nature. So effort is not something special, but a matter for all living things to do to survive. 1．What did the author discover outside the window? A．A squirrel was freezing nearly to death. B．A squirrel was choked by a large acorn. C．A squirrel was picking acorns from a tree. D．A squirrel was climbing to the top of a tree. 2．What does the underlined word “slender” mean in paragraph 3? A．Dead. B．Straight. C．Slim. D．Thick. 3．What is the author’s attitude to the squirrel in paragraph 4? A．Concerned. B．Unfriendly. C．Uncaring. D．Curious. 4．What does the story intend to convey? A．Stop struggling, life is stopped. B．Facts speak louder than words. C．Failure is the mother of success. D．Teaching others teaches yourself. 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．A 4．A 【导语】这是一篇夹叙夹议。文章结合作者从窗外看到一只松鼠为了获得树上的橡果，爬到了树顶。与此同时，狂风袭来，树、树枝和松鼠都摇晃起来。松鼠的橡果在狂风中被吹落到树下。但最终这只勇敢的动物凭借自己的毅力，爬下了树，拼命地寻找他的橡子。最后，他成功了。通过这个故事可以看出：我们都为了生存而努力工作。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段“I moved closer to my window, outside of which is a medium-sized tree, lacking its warm-weather leaves. The squirrel ran up rapidly, higher and higher in the tree, and his small body held onto his dear acorn.”（我走近我的窗户，窗外是一棵中等大小的树，没有温暖的叶子。松鼠飞快地向树上跑去，越跑越高，小小的身子紧紧抓住他亲爱的橡子。）可知，作者从窗外看到一只松鼠飞快地向树上跑去，越跑越高。故选D。 2．词句猜测题。根据划线词前文“Up he went, to the tip of one of the highest branches.”（他向上跑，来到一根最高的树枝的顶端。）划线词所在句“I held my breath—I wondered if that slender branch could support him. ”（我屏住了呼吸——我不知道那根slender树枝能否支撑住他。）可知，这只松鼠来到了树的最高处，最高处的树枝往往是最细的，因而可推知，划线词这里指“纤细的”，选项C.slim“苗条的；纤细的”与划线词意义相近，故选C。 3．推理判断题。根据第四段中“Then came the wind blowing violently,shaking the tree,the branch and the squirrel.He hung on for dear life, and both arms wrapped around the branch in the wind. I held my breath: If he fell from a height like this, then.... Seeing this little squirrel, I had my heart in my mouth.”（接着，狂风猛烈地吹来，树、树枝和松鼠都摇晃起来。他拼命地抓住树枝，两只胳膊在风中环绕着树枝。我屏住呼吸: 如果他从这么高的地方掉下来，那么... ...。看到这只小松鼠，我的心都提到嗓子眼了。）可知，当狂风猛烈吹来，树、树枝和松鼠都摇晃起来。松鼠拼命地抓住树枝，作者的心都提到嗓子眼了。可推知，作者对松鼠是担心的。故选A。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“The brave animal is able to survive in nature all because of its desperate efforts.The same goes for us humans. We all work hard to survive, and this is the law of nature. So effort is not something special, but a matter for all living things to do to survive.”（这种勇敢的动物能够在大自然中生存全是因为它的不顾一切的努力。我们人类也是如此。我们都为了生存而努力工作，这是自然法则。所以努力不是什么特别的事情，而是所有生物为了生存而做的事情。）可知，作者通过文章中引用松鼠的故事，是要说明自然法则：我们都是为了生存而努力工作。即不努力，你将一无所获。选项A.“停止奋斗，生命也就停止了。”与文意相符，故选A。 Passage 3 （24-25学年高二上·山西省太原市·期末） It could happen anywhere at any time. It’s often unexpected, but almost never unappreciated. Most people have been on the receiving a random act of kindness—the moment when a complete stranger stops to offer aid, generosity or compassion. In a sometimes cold world where people can be so focused on what they’re doing, a random act of kindness can make all the difference. They can be relatively insignificant. Hannah Bailey from London, for example, told the Metro newspaper about how she was given her fruit and vegetable shopping for free. The seller did her a kindness when it emerged she didn’t have any change to pay. She was happy about it all day. The city of Naples has long had a tradition called “caffe sospeso”. When buying coffee, a person who has recently been lucky would purchase two cups but only drink one, leaving the second one out of the goodness of their heart, for a poor person to claim for free. This tradition is now more common worldwide. However, in some cases, these little acts can be a matter of life and death. Take, for example, the unnamed commuter, who in June 2018 fell off a station platform onto an electric railway track in Toronto, Canada. A quick-thinking, but even now unknown, bystander selflessly leapt down to pull him to safety. Or Jonny Benjamin, who in London in 2008 was persuaded not to commit suicide by a passer-by. He had been considering jumping from a bridge. He later found the Good Samaritan and thanked him. He may one day find a way to pay him back in kind—though that’s not the point. So, why do it? Often, the acts aren’t paid back. The people never meet again. According to UK charity The Mental Health Foundation, acts like these can “give our lives new purpose, show us other perspectives on our own problems and even make us feel euphoric. ” So give it a try. Hold open a door for someone, deliver a compliment even give up your seat on a bus. Help someone who is in need. It takes all kinds. It needn’t be anything huge. One day, whether you need it or not, someone might help you in your hour of need. 1．How did Hannah Bailey feel after she received a random act of kindness? A．She was pleased about it for the rest of the day. B．She was shamed about it all day. C．She wanted to pay back the money. D．She thought it insignificant. 2．What happens to the second coffee in a “caffe sospeso”? A．It is wasted after the man left. B．It is left at the cafe to be donated to a poor person. C．It is for the commuter only. D．It can only be drunk at the cafe shop. 3．According to the Mental Health Foundation, why do people commit random acts of kindness? A．They help us earn more money. B．They can add up some good reputation to us. C．They give our lives new purpose and a feeling of pleasure. D．They make problems for us. 4．What is the meaning of the underlined word in paragraph 6? A．Ambitious. B．Sorrowful. C．Awkward. D．Delighted. 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．C 4．D 【导语】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章通过一些赠人玫瑰手有余香的小故事，告诉我们一个善意的举动有时候在帮助别人的同时，还会给自己带来快乐和幸福，也让自己的人生有新的意义。 1．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Hannah Bailey from London, for example, told the Metro newspaper about how she was given her fruit and vegetable shopping for free. The seller did her a kindness when it emerged she didn’t have any change to pay. She was happy about it all day.(例如，来自伦敦的汉娜·贝利告诉《都市报》，她是如何免费买到水果和蔬菜的。当她发现自己没有零钱支付时，卖家帮了她一个忙。她为此高兴了一整天。)”可知，汉娜·贝利(Hannah Bailey)在收到一个随意的善举后，一整天都感到很高兴。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“The city of Naples has long had a tradition called “caffe sospeso”. When buying coffee, a person who has recently been lucky would purchase two cups but only drink one, leaving the second one out of the goodness of their heart, for a poor person to claim for free.(那不勒斯市长期以来一直有一种叫做“caffe sospeso”的传统。买咖啡的时候，一个最近运气好的人会买两杯咖啡，但只喝一杯，把第二杯出于好心留给一个穷人，让他免费喝。)”可知，第二杯咖啡被留在咖啡馆捐赠给穷人。故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据文章第六段“According to UK charity The Mental Health Foundation, acts like these can “give our lives new purpose, show us other perspectives on our own problems and even make us feel euphoric.”(根据英国慈善机构心理健康基金会的说法，这样的行为可以“给我们的生活带来新的目标，让我们从另一个角度看待自己的问题，甚至让我们感到euphoric。”)”可知，它们给我们的生活新的目标和快乐的感觉。故选C。 4．词句猜测题。根据上文“According to UK charity The Mental Health Foundation, acts like these can “give our lives new purpose, show us other perspectives on our own problems…”(根据英国慈善机构心理健康基金会的说法，这样的行为可以“给我们的生活带来新的目标，让我们从另一个角度看待自己的问题…)”可推知，这样的行为给我们的生活新的目标和快乐的感觉，由此可知，euphoric意为“快乐的”，和D项：Delighted（高兴的）意思接近。故选D。 试卷第40页，共45页 试卷第39页，共45页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $