Unit 5 The Happiness of Sharing-主谓一致（意义一致及就近原则）（讲+练）-《英语 基础模块3》（语文版2022版）

主谓一致 之意义一致及就近原则 《英语 基础模块3》（语文版2022版） Unit 5 The Happiness of Sharing语法 导 入 目 录 01. 什么是主谓一致 02. 意义一致 04. 巩固练习 03. 就近原则 什么是主谓一致 主谓一致指的是句子的谓语动词与其主语在数上必须保持一致。 eg. The boy is playing basket ball now. eg. These boy are playing basketball now. 单数 复数 主谓一致的原则 主谓一致 语法一致 意义一致 就近原则 主复，谓复 主单，谓单 谓语由主语意义决定 谓语单复数由较近的主语决定 什么是意义一致 意义一致：谓语动词与其主语在意义上要保持一致。 eg. Ten yuan is enough. 主语形式上是单数，但意义上是复数，谓语动词要用复数形式； 主语形式上是复数，但意义上被视为一个整体，谓语动词用单数形式。 eg. The old are taken good care of in our community. 意义一致-单数 eg. One hundred kilometers is a long distance. 表示距离，作为一个整体 eg. Two hours is too short for the visit. 表示时间，作为一个整体 1. 表示时间、距离、价值、重量等的名词作主语，谓语用单数。 eg. Ten years is a long time. 表示时间，作为一个整体 意义一致-单数 eg. Physics is not an easy subject for most students. 物理对大多数学生来说不是一门容易的学科。 eg. The news about the exam is true. 关于考试的消息是真的。 2. news、physics、maths、politics 等名词形式为复数，意义为单数，谓语用单数。 意义一致-单数 1. 集体名词作主语 eg.The family is a happy one. 此处 family 作为一个完整的家庭单元，强调整体性 eg.The company has 500 employees. company 被看作一个经营实体，谓语用单数 表“整体概念”→ 单数谓语 family company team government class group 意义一致-复数 2. 集体名词作主语 eg.My family are all fond of music. 这里强调家庭中的每个成员都有相同爱好 eg.The team are celebrating their victory. 着重表现队员们各自的庆祝行为 表“成员个体”→ 复数谓语 family company team government class group 意义一致-复数 3. people、police、cattle等名词形式为单数，意义为复数，谓语用复数。 eg. The police are investigating the case. 警察正在调查这个案子。 eg. The cattle are eating grass in the field. 牛群在田里吃草。 意义一致-复数 4. “the + 形容词”作主语，表“一类人”，谓语用复数。 eg. The old are taken good care of in our community. 老年人在我们社区受到很好的照顾。 eg. The young respect the elderly. 年轻人尊敬长辈。 什么是就近原则 就近原则：是指在一些特定的句式结构中，谓语动词的单复数形式要与离它最近的主语保持一致。 eg. There are three students and a teacher in the classroom. eg. Not only he but also I am going to Beijing. 就近原则 1. 在There be句型及Here开头的句子中，有两个或几个并列主语时，谓语动词的数通常和最邻近的主语保持一致。 eg. There is a pen, two knives and several books on the table. 桌子上有一支钢笔、两把小刀和几本书。 eg. There are two knives, a pen and several books on the table. 桌子上有两把小刀、一支钢笔和几本书。 就近原则 2. either...or...（要么…… 要么……），谓语与 or 后的主语保持一致 eg. Either you or he is right. （靠近谓语的he为单数） eg. Either the teacher or the students are wrong. （靠近谓语的students为复数） 就近原则 3. neither...nor...（既不…… 也不……）谓语与nor后的主语保持一致 eg. Neither my sons nor my father likes coffee. （靠近谓语的father为单数） eg. Neither the desk nor the chairs are new. （靠近谓语的chairs为复数） 就近原则 4. not only...but also...（不仅…… 而且……）谓语与but also后的主语保持一致 eg. Not only her parents but also his sister is good at music. （靠近谓语的sister为单数） eg. Not only the books but also the pen is mine. （靠近谓语的pen为单数） 巩固练习 一、单选题 1. My family ______ going to take a trip to Hangzhou next month because all of us like the West Lake. A. is B. are C. was D. were 2. —There ______ a football match between Class 1 and Class 2 this afternoon. —Great! I’m looking forward to it. A. is going to be B. was C. will have D. are going to be 3. Not only Tom but also his parents ______ to the party tomorrow. A. go B. goes C. will go D. are going 4. The police ______ looking for the lost child. They have searched for two days. A. is B. are C. was D. were 巩固练习 5．Three years ________ a short time. So we have to value the time we work together. A．is B．are C．has D．have 6．The police ________ looking for the lost child everywhere. A．is B．are C．was D．be Summary 01. 什么是主谓一致 02. 意义一致 03. 就近原则 Thanks $