Unit 3 Careers and skills Grammar and usage - Integrated skills- Extended reading 导学案 -2024-2025学年高中英语译林版选择性必修第四册

该高中英语导学案聚焦高二选择性必修四U3-2内容，涵盖20个重点词汇（含搭配、派生词、用法误区）及名词性从句语法知识，通过词汇辨析、例句应用等方式连接前后知识点，构建从基础释义到拓展运用的学习支架。 资料特色在于系统梳理词汇（派生词、反义词、警示误区）夯实语言能力，语法练习梯度设计（填空-改写-完成句子）提升思维品质，多样化题型（七选五、完形、写作）及能力拓展训练培养学习能力，助力学生高效掌握知识并学会自主学习。

年 级：高二 科 目：英语 内 容：选择性必修四 U3-2 Grammar and usage - Integrated skills- Extended reading 【同步知识梳理】 1.weigh up 权衡，斟酌 weigh on sb/sth加重…的思想负担；使焦虑不安；使担忧 weigh up 权衡；估量；称 weigh in 加入比赛；比赛前量体重；参加辩论 weigh sb down 使烦恼；使焦虑；使忧心忡忡 weigh out v. 称出 weigh one’s words 推敲；斟酌字句 2.receipt n. 收到的款项，收入；收据 to make out (= write) a receipt 写收据 net/gross receipts 净收入；总收入 on receipt of 在收到…后 in receipt of 已收到… 3.commercial adj. 商业的，贸易的；盈利的；商业性的 the commercial heart of the city 城市的商业中心 commercially adv. 商业上；通商上 commerce n. 贸易，商业 commercialize v. 使商业化；使商品化 commercialization n. 商品化，商业化 4.budget n. 预算 a monthly/an annual/a family budget 每月/年度/家庭预算 the education/defence budget 教育/国防预算 We decorated the house on a tight budget (= without much money to spend) . 我们俭省地装修了房子。 The work was finished on time and within budget (= did not cost more money than was planned) . 工作按时完成且未超出预算。 She will design a fantastic new kitchen for you - and all within your budget. 她将为你设计一个崭新的漂亮厨房——所有的花费都将在你的预算之内。 5.loan n.贷款，借款；借出 vt. 借出，贷与（尤指钱） loaner n. 债权人；代替品 to take out/repay a loan (= to borrow money/pay it back) 取得/偿还贷款 bank loans with low interest rates 银行低息贷款 loan sth (to sb)/loan (sb) sth 借出，贷与（尤指钱） loan sth (out) (to sb/sth)/loan (sb) sth 出借（贵重物品给博物馆等） 6.detective n. 侦探，警探 a detective story/novel 侦探故事/小说 a detective film 侦探片 private detective 私家侦探 detect v. 查明，察觉；测出，检测，识别 detection n. 察觉，发现；侦破（案件） detector n. 检测器；发现者；侦察器 7.subjective adj. 主观的 a highly subjective point of view 非常主观的看法 subjective judgement n. 主观判断 【反义词】subjective的反义词是objective adj. 客观的；客观存在的 He rejected an objective understanding of color, in favor of a more subjective understanding. 他不接受对颜色的客观理解，更倾向于支持主观理解。 8.plug vt. 补足，供给；堵塞，封堵 n. 插头；插座 plug away（at）坚持不懈地做（尤指困难的工作） plug sth in/plug sth into sth 接通（电源）；把（插头）插进（插座） plug sth (up) 堵塞；封堵 【警示误区】plug的过去式和过去分词要双写g，再加ed。 He plugged the hole in the pipe with an old rag. 他用一块旧破布把管子上的那个洞塞住了。 A cheaper range of products was introduced to plug the gap at the lower end of the market. 推出相对廉价的一系列产品，是为了填补较低档市场的缺口。 I'll have to change the plug on my hairdryer. 我必须更换吹风机的插头。 9.proportion n. 正确的比例；部分，份额；比例；体积，面积 keep sth in proportion　恰当地处事；看待事物恰如其分 out of (all) proportion (to sth)　不相称；不协调 proportional adj. 成比例的；相称的，协调的；（数）成常比的; n. （数）比例项 proportionally adv. 成比例地；相称地，适当地 proportionate adj. 成比例的；相称的；适当的; vt. 使成比例；使相称 10.qualification n. 资格，资历；学历；合格，达到标准 academic/educational/professional/vocational qualifications 学术/教育/专业/职业资历 a nursing/teaching, etc. qualification 护理、教学等资格 to acquire/gain/get/obtain/have/hold qualifications 获得/取得/得到/拿到/拥有/持有资格 qualification and experience 资历 qualify v. （使）有权去做；取得资格，达到标准；获得参赛资格 qualified adj. 具备……的学历（资历）的；（尤指做某项工作）有资格的，胜任的 11.swing vi.&vt. (swung, swung) 改变；摆动，摇摆 n. 改变；摆动；秋千 swing into action 立即行动起来；马上大干起来 swing (sth) (at sb/sth) （挥动某物）朝…打去 swing (from A) (to B)/swing (between A and B) （使）改变（意见、情绪等） 【警示误区】swing作动词时，其过去式和过去分词是不规则变化，分别是：swung, swung，使用时要注意！ Regardless of the dream is big or small, the goal is high or low, from now on, swing it into action. 不管梦想是大是小，目标是高是低，从现在开始，把它付诸行动。 12.candidate n. 候选人；应试者；被认定合格者 a candidate for 候选人；人选 qualified candidate 合格的候选人；合资格人员 suitable candidate 合适人选 a presidential candidate 总统候选人 one of the leading candidates for the presidency 总统职位的主要候选人之一 13.applicant n. 申请人 an applicant for sth 申请人（尤指求职、进高等学校等） apply to sb/sth (for sth) （通常以书面形式）申请，请求 apply sth (to sth) 使用；应用；涂；敷；施 apply yourself (to sth/to doing sth) 勤奋工作；努力学习 apply for a job 求职；申请工作 application n. 正式申请，书面申请；申请书，申请表；敷用，涂抹 applicable adj. 适用的，适当的 14. delay n. 延迟的时间；延期，耽搁 vi.&vt. 延迟，延期；使迟到，使拖延 a delay of two hours/a two-hour delay 两小时的延误 without delay 立即；毫不迟延地 delay (doing) sth 延期，推迟 【警示误区】delay作动词时，其后接doing sth，不能接to do sth，使用时要注意！ He delayed telling her the news, waiting for the right moment. 他没有马上把消息告诉她，等有了适当的时机再说。 15.justify vt. 对…作出解释，为…辩护；证明…正确 justify to 向……说明，解释 justify for 为……辩解; 为……证明 justification n. 正当理由，合理解释；证明为正当，辩护 justified adj. 有正当理由的；合乎情理的；事出有因的 justifiable adj. 可辩解的，有道理的；可证明为正当的 justifiably adv. 言之有理地，无可非议地 just adj. 公正的，合理的；正直的，正义的；正确的；公平的；应得的 16.relevant adj. 紧密相关的，切题的；有价值的，有意义的 a relevant suggestion/question/point 相关的提议/题/观点 relevant to 有关的，相应的；与……有关的 relevantly adv. 贴切地；得要领地 relevance n. 相关性，实用性，意义 relevancy n. 关联；恰当 【反义词】relevant的反义词是irrelevant adj. 不相关的，不相干的 17.infer vt. 推断，推论，推理 infer sth (from sth) 推断；推论；推理 inferred adj. 推论的；推测出的; v. 推测（infer 的过去分词） inferring n. 推理；推理阅读; v. 推理；猜想（infer 的 ing 形式） inferred from 从……推断出（inferred 是 infer 的过去分词） inferrer 推测者，猜想者 inferrable 能推论的; 可推断的 【警示误区】infer的现在分词、过去式、过去分词要双写r，再加ing、ed。使用时要注意！ 18.seize vt. 抓住，把握；捉住，夺；攻占；没收 seize sth (from sb) 抓住；捉住；夺；（常指通过暴力突然）夺取，攻占，控制 seize a chance, an opportunity, the initiative, etc 抓住，把握（机会、时机、主动等） seize hold/control of v. 抓住；占领 seize the moment 把握时机；抓住机会；把握此刻；活在当下 seize sb by…抓住某人… 【同义词】grab v. 抓住，攫取；取 19. corporate adj. 公司的；全体的，共同的 corporate finance/planning/strategy 公司的财务╱计划╱战略 corporate identity 公司形象 corporate hospitality 公司对顾客的热情招待 corporate responsibility 共同的责任 corporate culture 企业文化，公司文化 corporation n. 社团，公司，法人（团体）；市政当局 【形近词】cooperate v. 合作，协作；配合，协助 20. temporary adj. 临时的，暂时的 temporary relief from pain 短暂的缓痛 temporary employment 短工 a temporary measure/solution/arrangement 临时措施╱解决办法╱安排 temporary residence permit (card) 暂住证 temporarily adv. 暂时地，临时地 a golf/squash/tennis/bowling, etc. tournament 高尔夫球、壁球、网球、保龄球等锦标赛 【形近词】contemporary adj. 当代的，现代的；同时代的，同时期的 【反义词】temporary的反义词是permanent adj. 永久的，永恒的；终生的，长期的 【同步语法练习】 名词性从句 一、用适当的连接词填空 1. ________ their wedding ceremony will be held in the open air tomorrow depends on the weather. 2. I always read newspapers backwards because the back pages are ________ the sport is. 3. When you answer questions in a job interview, please remember the golden rule: Always give the monkey exactly ________ he wants. 4. One of the proudest moments in my life is ________ I was rewarded for my courage after saving a drowning child. 5. —Is it true that Mike refused an offer from Yale University yesterday? —Yeah, but I have no idea ________ he did it; that's one of his favorite universities. 6. More than 100 students have entered for the competition, and ________ gains the most points will be the winner. 7. In 1776, two Spanish men were seeking a way to travel from Santa Fe, in ________ is now New Mexico, to California on the west coast of North America. 8. It is evident ________ the education of the young is vital to the future of a country. 9. Do not let any failures discourage you, for you can never tell ________ close you may be to victory. 10. I really want to know ________ you are waiting for at the school gate at present since all the other students have left after school. 11. It doesn't matter ________ you turn right or left at the crossing—both roads lead to the park. 12. 3，000­year­old symbols, jiaguwen, were carved on turtle shells or bones of animals, and can give us insight into ________ ancient Chinese saw the world around them and into their great creativity. 二、用名词性从句改写下列句子 1. After experiencing so many changes in her family, she is no longer the girl that she used to be. →After experiencing so many changes in her family, she is no longer ___________________________________. 2. It was known to all that Mike studied harder than any other student. →________________________ was that Mike studied harder than any other student. 3. A rainstorm is likely to come. I have just heard a warning on the radio. →I have just heard a warning on the radio __________________________． 4. He is said to go abroad and marry an American girl next week. →________________ he will go abroad and marry an American girl next week. 5. They did all that they could do to help the left­behind children in rural areas. →They did ________________ to help the left­behind children in rural areas. 6. I won't believe anything that you say any more, for you've broken your word many times. →I won't believe ________________ any more, for you've broken your word many times. 三、完成句子 1. ________________ (重要的是) we should have a right attitude towards studies. 2. He has never done this type of work before; I'm not sure ______________________ (他能否适应)． 3. My father ________________________ (竭尽所能) for me in order that I can concentrate on my study. 4. It remains to be seen ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ (政府能否按时偿还贷款)． 5. On the plain in front of us, we can just make out a herd of graceful animals. ________________ (这就是我们来这里的原因)—to observe Tibetan antelopes. 6. People often __________________________ (认为) economic development is bad for the environment, but this doesn't have to be true.(同位语从句) 7. ________________________ (这位母亲真正担心的是) whether her son will adapt himself to society in the future. 8. No one can predict ______________________ (这种疾病什么时候会再次爆发)． 【精题精练精讲】 一、单词拼写 1. What can you i________ from the last paragraph of the passage? 2. The flight scheduled to take off at 11：30 will be d________ for twenty minutes due to air traffic control. 3. The theft we s________ is a hard nut to crack; he hasn't said a thing since we began the question. 4. The last c________ impressed me with his knowledge of the company; he has really done his homework. 5. The length of a paragraph depends on the information it ________ (传递)． 6. Your debt situation is only ________ (暂时的), and it is within your power to resolve it. 7. In order to pass the class, among other ________ (标准), we had to write a paper on how we plan to apply what we would learn in class to our future professions and, eventually, to our lives. 8. Mexicans may use silence when instructions are given by a person in authority rather than be ________ (粗鲁的) to that person by arguing with him or her. 9. Her success ________ (证明……正确) the faith her teachers had put in her. 10. ________ (真诚的) criticism creates a precious opening for an author to become better on his own terms—a process that is often extremely painful, but also almost always meaningful. 二、短语填空(用所给短语的适当形式填空，有两项多余) prior to; follow up; for the duration; look through; weigh up; put sth. on the line; be drawn to; put one's best foot forward; swing into action; bring up; work around the clock; gain the upper hand 1. She ______________ the hotel advertisements until one of them caught her fancy. 2. During the 1400s, when printing was being developed, paper became the predominant material for books in Europe, but __________ that, it was parchment(羊皮纸)． 3. When interviewed for a job, we all want to ______________________． 4. Women are more likely than men to __________ the advantages and disadvantages before settling on their choice. 5. At the beginning of the game, our team ______________. But by and by, we lost our strength. 6. ______________ of the war, the man lost his wife and was labelled as a drunkard. 7. The emergency services ______________ as soon as the news of the bomb explosion reached them. 8. It's possible that some hiring managers may ______________ candidates with a particular educational background, but it's no guarantee. 9. They ______________ to get the export order ready for dispatch on Monday. 10. There's no need to ______________ his past when we are considering him for employment. 三、单句填空 A)词汇知识运用 1. Employers look favourably on ________ (apply) who have work experience. 2. The company has cut off the gas supply ________ (temporary) to repair the damaged gas pipe. 3. I try to help people in trouble, but ________ (firm) believe they should do more to help themselves. 4. Some ________ (corporate) do business under their names and also under separate business names, such as Alphabet Inc., which famously does business as Google. 5. It wasn't until I entered the corporate world that I realized being friends with colleagues didn't emerge as a ________ (prior) at all. B)语法知识运用 6. Misunderstood by people around, he was at a loss what to say to justify ________ (he)． 7. When asked why he went there, he said he was sent there ________ (train) for a space flight. 8. The young couple, who returned my lost wallet, left ________ I could ask for their names. 9. Don't be discouraged. ________ (take) things as they are and you will enjoy every day of your life. 10. I can infer ________ his facial expression that he is going through intense emotional struggles. 四、完成句子 1. She ________________________________ (对他的无礼非常生气) but I could forgive it. 2. He returned from vacation, __________________________ (感到轻松爽快)． 3. The library houses lots of unpublished documents that __________________ (和我的论文相关)． 4. ________________ (在面试之前), acquaint yourself with the company and positions on the Internet. 5. He decided to __________________________ (推迟告诉她这个坏消息), waiting for the right moment. 6. I ____________________________ (从她的话里推断) that you have not been well.【能力拓展训练】 一、七选五 Teaching Kids Pet Care Growing up with a family pet can be a wonderful experience for children. ___1___ It teaches responsibility reduce the risk of allergies and encourage exercise according to the recent research. But how to manage children and pets properly, Veterinarian Dr Warren shares her top tips. Make some basic ground rules before bringing home a new pet. ___2___Besides, ask your children to answer some basic questions about what will be involved in looking after the pet. Always supervise young children and pets, and if you can’t supervise then be sure to separate them. Never leave a young child unsupervised with any pet, even when it’s your own well-loved and trusted dog. ___3___ __4___ Children should not be allowed to pick up their pet unless under supervision. When patting or playing with pets, be sure children are always sitting on the floor, not wandering around holding the pet. Letting go of a pet rather than forcing them to do something reluctantly is a must. Teach kids how to help everyday pet care. Younger children can help fill the water bowl. ___5___This is a great way to teach lessons in basic pet hygiene by reminding them to wash their hands after handling their pet. Encourage trips to the vet, where children will learn more about animal health and the responsibility of caring for a pet. More interestingly, enroll a new puppy into puppy classes can help pets learn good manners. A. Warn kids that pets are not toys. B. Teach kids to make friends with pets. C. While older ones can take care of feeding or changing the litter tray. D. And also pet care can be beneficial for childhood development and health. E. The experience will have a life-long influence on children’s mental health. F. Meanwhile, read some age-appropriate books about the type of pet you are getting. G. Dog bites to children are mostly caused by their own dog or the dog of a friend or neighbor. 二、完形填空 Praise for Pioneers in Science In memory of Marie Curie on her birthday on Saturday, the official website of the Nobel Prize posted a photograph of her notebook saying. “Marie Curie died of aplastic anaemia (再生障碍性贫血) on 4 July 1934, a result of years of exposure to radiation through her work. Even today her laboratory notebook from 1899-1902, is ____1____ and will be for 1.500 years.” The tales of Marie and other scientists of her time are in some sense very ____2____. Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen discovered X-ray in 1895. A year later, Antoine Henri Becquerel found that some natural substances____3____ rays, too. Later, Marie and her physicist husband, Pierre Curie, gave it a(n)____4____ , radioactivity. However, the ____5____ effects of radioactivity were not discovered until decades later. Marie and her ____6____ scientists dealt with radioactive substances for decades using little or no protection. Marie’s death is a reminder about the risks pioneers in science ____7____. It was only after people handling radioactive substances began to get similar ____8____ that medical experts asked people to use protection. Today, medical health workers and patients wear heavy protective ____9____ during X-rays. It is almost _____10_____ that those exploring new frontiers for science are exposing themselves to unknown dangers. There is a(n)_____11_____ for better protection for the pioneers, but that is not possible until the dangers are fully known. For example, the space suits astronauts wear _____12_____ them against radiation. However, only _____13_____ will tell if there are some other unknown dangers. The contributions and sacrifices by such pioneers to the field of science are_____14_____ and deserving of our respect. Because the pioneers not only _____15_____ new frontiers, but also help us better protect ourselves from unknown surroundings. 1. A. extraordinary B. radioactive C. protective D. creative 2. A. tragic B. inspirational C. romantic D. meaningful 3. A. blocked B. absorbed C. reflected D. emitted 4. A. privilege B. name C. notice D. identity 5. A. scientific B. novel C. sensitive D. harmful 6. A. contemporary B. conservative C. curious D. cautious 7. A. deliver B. relieve C. undertake D. generate 8. A. rewards B. warnings C. diseases D. titles 9. A. glasses B. gloves C. shoes D. covers 10. A. odd B. inevitable C. critical D. intimidating 11. A. focus B. evolution C. demand D. breakthrough 12. A. protect B. fight C. warn D. forbid 13. A. space B. time C. technology D. history 14. A. unmatched B. uplifting C. glorious D. concrete 15. A. extend B. proceed C. mount D. explore 三、语法填空 According to the U.S. Department of Energy, the specific definition of a zero energy building is an energy-efficient building ____1____, on a source energy basis, the actual annual delivered energy is less than or equal ____2___ the on-site renewable exported energy. It harvests solar energy using panels installed on the roof. When there is ____3____(sufficient) solar energy, the building will draw energy from the power grid. Over the course of the year, ___4___amount of energy taken from the grid will be zero, achieving net-zero energy consumption. Net-Zero Energy (NZE) buildings are a response to rapidly ____5____ (rise) energy prices and urgency to take action regarding climate change. Currently, the development of several technologies critical to the support of NZE buildings ____6____(advance) rapidly, namely PV panel efficiency, appliance efficiency and increased lighting efficiency. The NZE concept can be applied not only to individual buildings but also to groups of buildings ____7____(serve) by a renewable energy system. One ____8____(limit) of the NZE concept is that, at present energy consumption levels, it is very difficult to apply to single story buildings and virtually impossible to a multi-story building, unless wide site area is available for PV systems. ____9____there are difficulties in implementation, it appears that NZE marks a major shift in high-performance green buildings, which combines extreme energy conservation and efficiency with renewable energy systems ____10_____(produce) buildings that are energy self-sufficient. 【课后巩固训练】 一、阅读理解 A Exploring Libraries There are three branches of the New York Public Library in the Riverdale / Kings-bridge area as well as a Bronx—wide branch. Each has thousands of books for lending, as well as weekly readings and concerts. Call branches for library hours. ●Bronx Library Center 310 E. Kingsbridge Road (718) 5794244 The largest public library in the Bronx—this 8,000-square-foot center is NYPL’s first green library and features the system’s premier Latino and Puerto Rican Heritage Collection. Hours are Monday through Saturday, from 9 a. m. to 9 p. m. Sundays, noon to 6 p. m. ●Riverdale Library 5540 Mosholo Ave. (718) 5491212 Across the street from Riverdale Neighborhood House, this branch has cathedral ceilings and is surrounded by trees and grass. Hours are Monday through Thursday from 10 a.m. to 6 p. m. Friday and Saturday from 10 a. m. to 5 p. m. ●Kingsbridge Library 291 W. 231st St., at Corlear Avenue (718) 548—5656 The Kingsbridge Library is the largest local library. It includes an outdoor garden, a multipurpose community room, and a teen area. Hours are Monday through Thursday from 10 a. m. to 7 p. m. Friday and Saturday from 10 a. m. to 5 p. m. ●Van Cortlandt Library 3882 Cannon Place (718) 543—5150 Located right along the B×1, B×2 and B×10 bus lines, this library is near the Jerome Park Reservoir and Van Cortlandt Park. Hours are Monday through Thursday from 10 a. m. to 7 p. m. Friday and Saturday from 10 a. m. to 5 p. m. All library patrons (用户) in these branches above are required to wear masks inside the building, says branch manager Rebecca Brown—Barbier. And for more information, please contact NYPL. org. 1. Which of the following branches offers service on Sundays? A. Van Cortlandt Library. B. Bronx Library Center. C. Kingsbridge Library. D. Riverdale Library. 2. What is special about Kingsbridge Library? A. It has space for teens. B. It enjoys three bus lines nearby. C. It’s known for NYPL’s first green library. D. It offers a multipurpose entertainment room. 3. What is a must for patrons in these branches? A. Carrying their own lunch. B. Booking seats at NYPL. org. C. Applying for library cards. D. Putting on their masks. B In a street largely unchanged since it was built in the 1800s, Hobart’s Battery Point is probably the last place you would expect to find a farm. In one corner of Peter Handy’s backyard is a controlled environment unit that houses vertical pastures (垂直牧场), the first of its kind in the southern hemisphere (半球). Mr. Handy is changing the definition of what it means to be a farmer. “I know it’s really funny, because when people say to me, ‘Where’s your farm?’, I’ll say ‘it’s in Battery Point’ and they’re like, ‘No, there’s no farms in Battery Point’,” he said “People think the Martians have landed because we’ve got this massive, big pink light that comes out of it from the bottom but other than that, they’d have no idea.” Not just a backyard project, Mr. Handy is running a business. “It’s here because I need to be as close to my customers, the chefs and restaurants of Hobart,” he said. “I aim to use the least amount of food miles as possible and make this a super-efficient business.” Using LED lights and hydroponic nutrients, the farm grows leafy greens, root vegetables and flowering plants. “I don’t have to worry about floods, wind, wild animals, electric fences, turning the soil over,” Mr .Handy said. Using 95 percent less water than traditional farming, the farm ticks the box environmentally. “I mean, this is definitely not the answer to food sustainability in the world. But it’s definitely a part of it.” Science writer Julian Cribb believes a world food crisis is coming, due to a combination of loss of water, loss of topsoil, climate change and overuse of poisons. “We’re going to need to change the nature of the way we produce food and change the human diet at the same time,” he said, “and new urban farming methods would see most of the world’s great cities feeding themselves.” Mr. Cribb said Australia was still quite a way off from adopting urban farming. But he believes that it poses a rather unique opportunity for Australian farmers to sell their expertise to cities, teaching people to grow food in urban environments. 4. What might people think of Mr. Handy’s farm? A. Scared. B. Impressed. C. Disappointed. D. Confused. 5. What does Mr. Handy say about his farm? A. It is not affected by weather. B. It mainly plants and sells flowers. C. It serves customers from near and far. D. It is the solution to food sustainability. 6. What’s the purpose of Mr. Gribb’s words in paragraph 5? A. To praise his contribution to science. B. To explain how urban farming works. C. To stress the necessity of urban farming. D. To present the seriousness of the food crisis. 7. What’s the passage mainly about? A. Cities are struggling to get food. B. Technology is changing people’s life. C. Peter Handy is a successful businessman. D. Food production is being moved into cities. C If there was one good thing to come out of lockdowns, it was improved book sales and rates of reading, especially among children. A survey of 70, 000 children and young people by the National Literacy Trust, however, has found this gain is now gone: figures are now equal to just before the pandemic, when the trust recorded the lowest levels of reading enjoyment since it first asked the question 17 years ago. A concurrent study of 8, 000 five to eight-year-olds found that nearly one in five did not have a book at home. These questions are not about basic literacy but about the habit of reading. The children surveyed spoke of books giving them subjects to talk about; of entertainment and information; of reading helping them to understand people unlike themselves; of finding in books a place of escape and a reduction of loneliness; of aid in coping with difficulty. “It helps me in learning about what I am feeling. That is because I have a hard time expressing my emotions and would rather not bother anyone,” as one child put it. Children who read at home are six times more likely to be able to read above expected levels, while one study of 160, 000 adults from 31 countries found children whose homes held at least 80 books, but whose schooling ended at 13or 14, were “as literate and technologically quick in adulthood as university graduates.” Another found these children also went on to earn more. It is not that most parents don’t understand this. A reason often cited for the lack of books at home is the cost of living. Almost a fifth of Britain’s public libraries have closed in 10 years, while one in eight primary schools in England, rising to one in four in disadvantaged communities, do not have a library or given reading space. Furthermore, the Department for Education, with its insistence on systematic synthetic phonics (自然拼读法), would keep an eye on the number of children who told the National Literacy Trust that teaching in primary schools had put them off reading. Compared with other problems this country faces, providing varied reading material is relatively straightforward to fix. We owe it to children to do so. 8. What does “this gain is now gone” in Paragraph 1 most probably mean? A. More children take to reading. B. Sales of books have shrank. C. Rates of reading remain stable. D. Reading materials are available. 9. Which of the following do students disapprove of? A. Reading broadens children’s horizons. B. Reading offers children spiritual shelters. C. Reading improves children’s basic literacy. D. Reading helps children deal with emotions. 10. Children reading more often at home are found ___. A. to be pushed by expected levels of reading B. to end schooling earlier than average readers C. to be willing to learn more when they grow up D. to possess greater reading and technological abilities 11. What can we infer from the last paragraph? A. Local communities do not have public libraries or appointed reading spaces. B. Immediate action should be taken to offer children more varied reading material. C. Primary schools have so far done a great job in encouraging children to read more. D. Disadvantaged families attach little importance to reading for lack of books at home. D In English it’s common to say, “I know this town like the back of my hand!” While we may know our towns really well, how well do we actually know our hands? Maybe not quite as well as we think, said a scientific study. Matthew Longo and his team from University College London studied the left hands of 100 people. With their hands placed palms down under a board, Longo’s team gave the instruction to point to their knuckles (指关节) and fingertips with a marker. How did they do? Not that well. “People think their hand is wider than it actually is,” said Longo. He said they also seemed to think their fingers were shorter than their true lengths. People were most accurate when finding their thumbs, but became less accurate with each finger, up to their pinkies (小手指)。 “It is connected to our sense of position,” explained Longo. Humans know where different parts of our bodies are, even if we can’t see them. “It tells us whether a joint is straight or not,” said Longo. “We also need to know the distances between our joints,“ he went on. Our brains know the sizes and shapes of our bodies from the maps they make for themselves. “This experiment tried to find those maps,” he said. Maybe maps don’t need to be perfect. But why aren’t our brains more accurate? Longo said our brains “see” areas based on our sense of touch, with the stronger the sense of touch in a specific body part, the bigger that body part seems. An example is our lips. As they have more nerves than our noses, our brain’s map shows our lips are bigger. The same thing can happen with body parts that have a lot of nerves. If you’ve ever had something stuck in your teeth it probably felt huge! That’s because our tongues also have lots of nerves. If you want to have some fun, try this test with your classmates. Get some boards and some markers and have them mark the spots where they think their knuckles and fingertips are. Compare their hands to the marker spots and see how well they have performed. 12. What can we learn from the experiment? A. People are always more accurate to judge the width of their palms. B. The experiment is to measure with and length of hands accurately. C. People’ s perception of hands is not something they take for granted. D. The experiment explores the difference between left and right hands. 13. What does the underlined word “It” in Paragraph 4 refer to? A. The size of the hand. B. The misbelief people had. C. The map the brain makes. D. The position of each body part. 14. According to the passage, what’s the key factor in affecting our perception of hands? A. The shapes of our bodies. B. Maps of organs. C. The distances between joints. D. The brain. 15. What’s the purpose of the passage? A. To give us a further insight into the brain. B. To convince us that seeing is not believing. C. To conduct a wider research about our hands. D. To introduce an easy but interesting experiment. 二、写作 第一节 应用文写作 假定你是育才中学高二学生李华。你们学校下周准备开展“中国武术（martial art）进校园”活动，届时一些外国友人也会应邀参加，现正在招募志愿服务人员。请你用英语给负责人Mr. Brown写一封申请信，内容包括： 1. 申请的理由； 2. 个人优势； 3. 希望批准。 注意：1. 写作词数应为80左右； 2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第二节 读后续写 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 Chris looked at the clock again. Only five more minutes before school let out. Just now,his Creative Learning teacher, Mrs. Griswell asked them to be prepared to share their favorite hobby with the class on Friday.And they were supposed to bring samples for show. Chris sighed. No way am I going to talk about my favorite hobby, he thought.His older brother, Wes,laughed at him about it enough-and his dad didn't think much of it,either. On the bus,Chris heard others talking about the “hobby thing".Brian said he was going to bring his bowling trophies(保龄球奖杯）。Chris turned back around in his seat so he wouldn't have to talk to him anymore. ＂Don't believe him,"Nick whispered."He's the worst bowler I've ever seen.He borrows the trophies from his dad,I guess.He's really fake." At home,Chris puled out his bores of baseball cards.He liked baseball,even played some. But his really hobby let him express things from his imagination, and that’s what he liked most.Sorting through his cards, Chris began choosing some of the best ones.Yet he did not feel right about what he had decided. Tuesday passed. Chris gathered his baseball supplies and put them in a grocery bag marked “My Favorite Hobby".He was ready for Friday,but some:thing still felt wrong.He walked out of his room, ignoring the sketchpad(草图本）on his desk. Wednesday. After school Chris sat at the kitchen table with a sandwich,but he wasn't hungry.He didn't want to be fake like Brian, but he wasn't sure he had the courage to tell everyone his real hobby. What would the guys think of him? He chewed his sandwich slowly, thinking of Grandma.She was the reason he'd gotten interested in his hobby in the first place.“You have talent,” Grandma had told him proudly, admiring his work.And that felt really good. Suddenly,Chris knew what he had to do.He dropped his sandwich on the plate and rushed to the phone.“Hi,Grandma, it's Chris.I need your help.” 【注意】 1.所续写短文的词数应为150左右； 2.续写部分分为两段，每段的开头语已为你写好。 Paragraph 1: “Are you ready, Chris?" Mrs. Griswell asked and everyone in the class turned to look at him. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Paragraph 2: When Chris pulled out a head-band(颜带）he designed,the class became quiet. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 年 级：高二 科 目：英语 内 容：选择性必修四 U3-2 Grammar and usage - Integrated skills- Extended reading 【同步知识梳理】 1.weigh up 权衡，斟酌 weigh on sb/sth加重…的思想负担；使焦虑不安；使担忧 weigh up 权衡；估量；称 weigh in 加入比赛；比赛前量体重；参加辩论 weigh sb down 使烦恼；使焦虑；使忧心忡忡 weigh out v. 称出 weigh one’s words 推敲；斟酌字句 2.receipt n. 收到的款项，收入；收据 to make out (= write) a receipt 写收据 net/gross receipts 净收入；总收入 on receipt of 在收到…后 in receipt of 已收到… 3.commercial adj. 商业的，贸易的；盈利的；商业性的 the commercial heart of the city 城市的商业中心 commercially adv. 商业上；通商上 commerce n. 贸易，商业 commercialize v. 使商业化；使商品化 commercialization n. 商品化，商业化 4.budget n. 预算 a monthly/an annual/a family budget 每月/年度/家庭预算 the education/defence budget 教育/国防预算 We decorated the house on a tight budget (= without much money to spend) . 我们俭省地装修了房子。 The work was finished on time and within budget (= did not cost more money than was planned) . 工作按时完成且未超出预算。 She will design a fantastic new kitchen for you - and all within your budget. 她将为你设计一个崭新的漂亮厨房——所有的花费都将在你的预算之内。 5.loan n.贷款，借款；借出 vt. 借出，贷与（尤指钱） loaner n. 债权人；代替品 to take out/repay a loan (= to borrow money/pay it back) 取得/偿还贷款 bank loans with low interest rates 银行低息贷款 loan sth (to sb)/loan (sb) sth 借出，贷与（尤指钱） loan sth (out) (to sb/sth)/loan (sb) sth 出借（贵重物品给博物馆等） 6.detective n. 侦探，警探 a detective story/novel 侦探故事/小说 a detective film 侦探片 private detective 私家侦探 detect v. 查明，察觉；测出，检测，识别 detection n. 察觉，发现；侦破（案件） detector n. 检测器；发现者；侦察器 7.subjective adj. 主观的 a highly subjective point of view 非常主观的看法 subjective judgement n. 主观判断 【反义词】subjective的反义词是objective adj. 客观的；客观存在的 He rejected an objective understanding of color, in favor of a more subjective understanding. 他不接受对颜色的客观理解，更倾向于支持主观理解。 8.plug vt. 补足，供给；堵塞，封堵 n. 插头；插座 plug away（at）坚持不懈地做（尤指困难的工作） plug sth in/plug sth into sth 接通（电源）；把（插头）插进（插座） plug sth (up) 堵塞；封堵 【警示误区】plug的过去式和过去分词要双写g，再加ed。 He plugged the hole in the pipe with an old rag. 他用一块旧破布把管子上的那个洞塞住了。 A cheaper range of products was introduced to plug the gap at the lower end of the market. 推出相对廉价的一系列产品，是为了填补较低档市场的缺口。 I'll have to change the plug on my hairdryer. 我必须更换吹风机的插头。 9.proportion n. 正确的比例；部分，份额；比例；体积，面积 keep sth in proportion　恰当地处事；看待事物恰如其分 out of (all) proportion (to sth)　不相称；不协调 proportional adj. 成比例的；相称的，协调的；（数）成常比的; n. （数）比例项 proportionally adv. 成比例地；相称地，适当地 proportionate adj. 成比例的；相称的；适当的; vt. 使成比例；使相称 10.qualification n. 资格，资历；学历；合格，达到标准 academic/educational/professional/vocational qualifications 学术/教育/专业/职业资历 a nursing/teaching, etc. qualification 护理、教学等资格 to acquire/gain/get/obtain/have/hold qualifications 获得/取得/得到/拿到/拥有/持有资格 qualification and experience 资历 qualify v. （使）有权去做；取得资格，达到标准；获得参赛资格 qualified adj. 具备……的学历（资历）的；（尤指做某项工作）有资格的，胜任的 11.swing vi.&vt. (swung, swung) 改变；摆动，摇摆 n. 改变；摆动；秋千 swing into action 立即行动起来；马上大干起来 swing (sth) (at sb/sth) （挥动某物）朝…打去 swing (from A) (to B)/swing (between A and B) （使）改变（意见、情绪等） 【警示误区】swing作动词时，其过去式和过去分词是不规则变化，分别是：swung, swung，使用时要注意！ Regardless of the dream is big or small, the goal is high or low, from now on, swing it into action. 不管梦想是大是小，目标是高是低，从现在开始，把它付诸行动。 12.candidate n. 候选人；应试者；被认定合格者 a candidate for 候选人；人选 qualified candidate 合格的候选人；合资格人员 suitable candidate 合适人选 a presidential candidate 总统候选人 one of the leading candidates for the presidency 总统职位的主要候选人之一 13.applicant n. 申请人 an applicant for sth 申请人（尤指求职、进高等学校等） apply to sb/sth (for sth) （通常以书面形式）申请，请求 apply sth (to sth) 使用；应用；涂；敷；施 apply yourself (to sth/to doing sth) 勤奋工作；努力学习 apply for a job 求职；申请工作 application n. 正式申请，书面申请；申请书，申请表；敷用，涂抹 applicable adj. 适用的，适当的 14. delay n. 延迟的时间；延期，耽搁 vi.&vt. 延迟，延期；使迟到，使拖延 a delay of two hours/a two-hour delay 两小时的延误 without delay 立即；毫不迟延地 delay (doing) sth 延期，推迟 【警示误区】delay作动词时，其后接doing sth，不能接to do sth，使用时要注意！ He delayed telling her the news, waiting for the right moment. 他没有马上把消息告诉她，等有了适当的时机再说。 15.justify vt. 对…作出解释，为…辩护；证明…正确 justify to 向……说明，解释 justify for 为……辩解; 为……证明 justification n. 正当理由，合理解释；证明为正当，辩护 justified adj. 有正当理由的；合乎情理的；事出有因的 justifiable adj. 可辩解的，有道理的；可证明为正当的 justifiably adv. 言之有理地，无可非议地 just adj. 公正的，合理的；正直的，正义的；正确的；公平的；应得的 16.relevant adj. 紧密相关的，切题的；有价值的，有意义的 a relevant suggestion/question/point 相关的提议/题/观点 relevant to 有关的，相应的；与……有关的 relevantly adv. 贴切地；得要领地 relevance n. 相关性，实用性，意义 relevancy n. 关联；恰当 【反义词】relevant的反义词是irrelevant adj. 不相关的，不相干的 17.infer vt. 推断，推论，推理 infer sth (from sth) 推断；推论；推理 inferred adj. 推论的；推测出的; v. 推测（infer 的过去分词） inferring n. 推理；推理阅读; v. 推理；猜想（infer 的 ing 形式） inferred from 从……推断出（inferred 是 infer 的过去分词） inferrer 推测者，猜想者 inferrable 能推论的; 可推断的 【警示误区】infer的现在分词、过去式、过去分词要双写r，再加ing、ed。使用时要注意！ 18.seize vt. 抓住，把握；捉住，夺；攻占；没收 seize sth (from sb) 抓住；捉住；夺；（常指通过暴力突然）夺取，攻占，控制 seize a chance, an opportunity, the initiative, etc 抓住，把握（机会、时机、主动等） seize hold/control of v. 抓住；占领 seize the moment 把握时机；抓住机会；把握此刻；活在当下 seize sb by…抓住某人… 【同义词】grab v. 抓住，攫取；取 19. corporate adj. 公司的；全体的，共同的 corporate finance/planning/strategy 公司的财务╱计划╱战略 corporate identity 公司形象 corporate hospitality 公司对顾客的热情招待 corporate responsibility 共同的责任 corporate culture 企业文化，公司文化 corporation n. 社团，公司，法人（团体）；市政当局 【形近词】cooperate v. 合作，协作；配合，协助 20. temporary adj. 临时的，暂时的 temporary relief from pain 短暂的缓痛 temporary employment 短工 a temporary measure/solution/arrangement 临时措施╱解决办法╱安排 temporary residence permit (card) 暂住证 temporarily adv. 暂时地，临时地 a golf/squash/tennis/bowling, etc. tournament 高尔夫球、壁球、网球、保龄球等锦标赛 【形近词】contemporary adj. 当代的，现代的；同时代的，同时期的 【反义词】temporary的反义词是permanent adj. 永久的，永恒的；终生的，长期的 【同步语法练习】 名词性从句 一、用适当的连接词填空 1. ________ their wedding ceremony will be held in the open air tomorrow depends on the weather. 2. I always read newspapers backwards because the back pages are ________ the sport is. 3. When you answer questions in a job interview, please remember the golden rule: Always give the monkey exactly ________ he wants. 4. One of the proudest moments in my life is ________ I was rewarded for my courage after saving a drowning child. 5. —Is it true that Mike refused an offer from Yale University yesterday? —Yeah, but I have no idea ________ he did it; that's one of his favorite universities. 6. More than 100 students have entered for the competition, and ________ gains the most points will be the winner. 7. In 1776, two Spanish men were seeking a way to travel from Santa Fe, in ________ is now New Mexico, to California on the west coast of North America. 8. It is evident ________ the education of the young is vital to the future of a country. 9. Do not let any failures discourage you, for you can never tell ________ close you may be to victory. 10. I really want to know ________ you are waiting for at the school gate at present since all the other students have left after school. 11. It doesn't matter ________ you turn right or left at the crossing—both roads lead to the park. 12. 3，000­year­old symbols, jiaguwen, were carved on turtle shells or bones of animals, and can give us insight into ________ ancient Chinese saw the world around them and into their great creativity. 二、用名词性从句改写下列句子 1. After experiencing so many changes in her family, she is no longer the girl that she used to be. →After experiencing so many changes in her family, she is no longer ___________________________________. 2. It was known to all that Mike studied harder than any other student. →________________________ was that Mike studied harder than any other student. 3. A rainstorm is likely to come. I have just heard a warning on the radio. →I have just heard a warning on the radio __________________________． 4. He is said to go abroad and marry an American girl next week. →________________ he will go abroad and marry an American girl next week. 5. They did all that they could do to help the left­behind children in rural areas. →They did ________________ to help the left­behind children in rural areas. 6. I won't believe anything that you say any more, for you've broken your word many times. →I won't believe ________________ any more, for you've broken your word many times. 三、完成句子 1. ________________ (重要的是) we should have a right attitude towards studies. 2. He has never done this type of work before; I'm not sure ______________________ (他能否适应)． 3. My father ________________________ (竭尽所能) for me in order that I can concentrate on my study. 4. It remains to be seen ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ (政府能否按时偿还贷款)． 5. On the plain in front of us, we can just make out a herd of graceful animals. ________________ (这就是我们来这里的原因)—to observe Tibetan antelopes. 6. People often __________________________ (认为) economic development is bad for the environment, but this doesn't have to be true.(同位语从句) 7. ________________________ (这位母亲真正担心的是) whether her son will adapt himself to society in the future. 8. No one can predict ______________________ (这种疾病什么时候会再次爆发)． 答案：一、用适当的连接词填空1. Whether　2. where　3. what　4. when　5. why　6. whoever　7. what　8. that　9. how 10. who/whom　11. whether　12. how 二、名词性从句改写下列句子1. what she used to be　2. What was known to all　3. that a rainstorm is likely to come　4. It is said that 5. what/whatever they could (do)　6. whatever you say 三、完成句子1. What matters/counts is that/What's important is that/It is important that　2. whether he will adapt to it　3. does whatever he can (do)　4. whether or not the government can repay the loan on time　5. This is why we are here　6. have/hold a belief that 7. What really worries/concerns the mother is 8. when the disease will break out again 【精题精练精讲】 一、单词拼写 1. What can you i________ from the last paragraph of the passage? 2. The flight scheduled to take off at 11：30 will be d________ for twenty minutes due to air traffic control. 3. The theft we s________ is a hard nut to crack; he hasn't said a thing since we began the question. 4. The last c________ impressed me with his knowledge of the company; he has really done his homework. 5. The length of a paragraph depends on the information it ________ (传递)． 6. Your debt situation is only ________ (暂时的), and it is within your power to resolve it. 7. In order to pass the class, among other ________ (标准), we had to write a paper on how we plan to apply what we would learn in class to our future professions and, eventually, to our lives. 8. Mexicans may use silence when instructions are given by a person in authority rather than be ________ (粗鲁的) to that person by arguing with him or her. 9. Her success ________ (证明……正确) the faith her teachers had put in her. 10. ________ (真诚的) criticism creates a precious opening for an author to become better on his own terms—a process that is often extremely painful, but also almost always meaningful. 二、短语填空(用所给短语的适当形式填空，有两项多余) prior to; follow up; for the duration; look through; weigh up; put sth. on the line; be drawn to; put one's best foot forward; swing into action; bring up; work around the clock; gain the upper hand 1. She ______________ the hotel advertisements until one of them caught her fancy. 2. During the 1400s, when printing was being developed, paper became the predominant material for books in Europe, but __________ that, it was parchment(羊皮纸)． 3. When interviewed for a job, we all want to ______________________． 4. Women are more likely than men to __________ the advantages and disadvantages before settling on their choice. 5. At the beginning of the game, our team ______________. But by and by, we lost our strength. 6. ______________ of the war, the man lost his wife and was labelled as a drunkard. 7. The emergency services ______________ as soon as the news of the bomb explosion reached them. 8. It's possible that some hiring managers may ______________ candidates with a particular educational background, but it's no guarantee. 9. They ______________ to get the export order ready for dispatch on Monday. 10. There's no need to ______________ his past when we are considering him for employment. 三、单句填空 A)词汇知识运用 1. Employers look favourably on ________ (apply) who have work experience. 2. The company has cut off the gas supply ________ (temporary) to repair the damaged gas pipe. 3. I try to help people in trouble, but ________ (firm) believe they should do more to help themselves. 4. Some ________ (corporate) do business under their names and also under separate business names, such as Alphabet Inc., which famously does business as Google. 5. It wasn't until I entered the corporate world that I realized being friends with colleagues didn't emerge as a ________ (prior) at all. B)语法知识运用 6. Misunderstood by people around, he was at a loss what to say to justify ________ (he)． 7. When asked why he went there, he said he was sent there ________ (train) for a space flight. 8. The young couple, who returned my lost wallet, left ________ I could ask for their names. 9. Don't be discouraged. ________ (take) things as they are and you will enjoy every day of your life. 10. I can infer ________ his facial expression that he is going through intense emotional struggles. 四、完成句子 1. She ________________________________ (对他的无礼非常生气) but I could forgive it. 2. He returned from vacation, __________________________ (感到轻松爽快)． 3. The library houses lots of unpublished documents that __________________ (和我的论文相关)． 4. ________________ (在面试之前), acquaint yourself with the company and positions on the Internet. 5. He decided to __________________________ (推迟告诉她这个坏消息), waiting for the right moment. 6. I ____________________________ (从她的话里推断) that you have not been well. 答案： 一、单词拼写1. infer　2. delayed　3. seized　4. candidate 5. conveys　6. temporary　7. criteria　8. rude 9. justified　10. Genuine 二、短语填空1. looked through　2. prior to　3. put our best foot forward　4. weigh up　5. gained the upper hand 6. For the duration　7. swung into action　8. be drawn to　9. worked around the clock　10. bring up 三、单句填空1. applicants　2. temporarily　3. firmly 4. corporations　5. priority　6. himself　7. to be trained　8. before　9. Take　10. from 四、完成句子1. was angry at his rudeness　2. feeling relaxed and refreshed　3. are relevant to my paper　4. Prior to the interview　5. delay telling her the bad news 6. inferred from what she said 【能力拓展训练】 一、七选五 Teaching Kids Pet Care Growing up with a family pet can be a wonderful experience for children. ___1___ It teaches responsibility reduce the risk of allergies and encourage exercise according to the recent research. But how to manage children and pets properly, Veterinarian Dr Warren shares her top tips. Make some basic ground rules before bringing home a new pet. ___2___Besides, ask your children to answer some basic questions about what will be involved in looking after the pet. Always supervise young children and pets, and if you can’t supervise then be sure to separate them. Never leave a young child unsupervised with any pet, even when it’s your own well-loved and trusted dog. ___3___ __4___ Children should not be allowed to pick up their pet unless under supervision. When patting or playing with pets, be sure children are always sitting on the floor, not wandering around holding the pet. Letting go of a pet rather than forcing them to do something reluctantly is a must. Teach kids how to help everyday pet care. Younger children can help fill the water bowl. ___5___This is a great way to teach lessons in basic pet hygiene by reminding them to wash their hands after handling their pet. Encourage trips to the vet, where children will learn more about animal health and the responsibility of caring for a pet. More interestingly, enroll a new puppy into puppy classes can help pets learn good manners. A. Warn kids that pets are not toys. B. Teach kids to make friends with pets. C. While older ones can take care of feeding or changing the litter tray. D. And also pet care can be beneficial for childhood development and health. E. The experience will have a life-long influence on children’s mental health. F. Meanwhile, read some age-appropriate books about the type of pet you are getting. G. Dog bites to children are mostly caused by their own dog or the dog of a friend or neighbor. 【答案】1. D 2. F 3. G 4. A 5. C 二、完形填空 Praise for Pioneers in Science In memory of Marie Curie on her birthday on Saturday, the official website of the Nobel Prize posted a photograph of her notebook saying. “Marie Curie died of aplastic anaemia (再生障碍性贫血) on 4 July 1934, a result of years of exposure to radiation through her work. Even today her laboratory notebook from 1899-1902, is ____1____ and will be for 1.500 years.” The tales of Marie and other scientists of her time are in some sense very ____2____. Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen discovered X-ray in 1895. A year later, Antoine Henri Becquerel found that some natural substances____3____ rays, too. Later, Marie and her physicist husband, Pierre Curie, gave it a(n)____4____ , radioactivity. However, the ____5____ effects of radioactivity were not discovered until decades later. Marie and her ____6____ scientists dealt with radioactive substances for decades using little or no protection. Marie’s death is a reminder about the risks pioneers in science ____7____. It was only after people handling radioactive substances began to get similar ____8____ that medical experts asked people to use protection. Today, medical health workers and patients wear heavy protective ____9____ during X-rays. It is almost _____10_____ that those exploring new frontiers for science are exposing themselves to unknown dangers. There is a(n)_____11_____ for better protection for the pioneers, but that is not possible until the dangers are fully known. For example, the space suits astronauts wear _____12_____ them against radiation. However, only _____13_____ will tell if there are some other unknown dangers. The contributions and sacrifices by such pioneers to the field of science are_____14_____ and deserving of our respect. Because the pioneers not only _____15_____ new frontiers, but also help us better protect ourselves from unknown surroundings. 1. A. extraordinary B. radioactive C. protective D. creative 2. A. tragic B. inspirational C. romantic D. meaningful 3. A. blocked B. absorbed C. reflected D. emitted 4. A. privilege B. name C. notice D. identity 5. A. scientific B. novel C. sensitive D. harmful 6. A. contemporary B. conservative C. curious D. cautious 7. A. deliver B. relieve C. undertake D. generate 8. A. rewards B. warnings C. diseases D. titles 9. A. glasses B. gloves C. shoes D. covers 10. A. odd B. inevitable C. critical D. intimidating 11. A. focus B. evolution C. demand D. breakthrough 12. A. protect B. fight C. warn D. forbid 13. A. space B. time C. technology D. history 14. A. unmatched B. uplifting C. glorious D. concrete 15. A. extend B. proceed C. mount D. explore 【答案】1. B 2. A 3. D 4. B 5. D 6. A 7. C 8. C 9. D 10. B 11. C 12. A 13. B 14. A 15. D 三、语法填空 According to the U.S. Department of Energy, the specific definition of a zero energy building is an energy-efficient building ____1____, on a source energy basis, the actual annual delivered energy is less than or equal ____2___ the on-site renewable exported energy. It harvests solar energy using panels installed on the roof. When there is ____3____(sufficient) solar energy, the building will draw energy from the power grid. Over the course of the year, ___4___amount of energy taken from the grid will be zero, achieving net-zero energy consumption. Net-Zero Energy (NZE) buildings are a response to rapidly ____5____ (rise) energy prices and urgency to take action regarding climate change. Currently, the development of several technologies critical to the support of NZE buildings ____6____(advance) rapidly, namely PV panel efficiency, appliance efficiency and increased lighting efficiency. The NZE concept can be applied not only to individual buildings but also to groups of buildings ____7____(serve) by a renewable energy system. One ____8____(limit) of the NZE concept is that, at present energy consumption levels, it is very difficult to apply to single story buildings and virtually impossible to a multi-story building, unless wide site area is available for PV systems. ____9____there are difficulties in implementation, it appears that NZE marks a major shift in high-performance green buildings, which combines extreme energy conservation and efficiency with renewable energy systems ____10_____(produce) buildings that are energy self-sufficient. 【答案】1. where 2. to 3. insufficient 4. the 5. Rising 6. is advancing 7. served 8. limitation 9. Though##Although##While 10. to produce 【课后巩固训练】 一、阅读理解 A Exploring Libraries There are three branches of the New York Public Library in the Riverdale / Kings-bridge area as well as a Bronx—wide branch. Each has thousands of books for lending, as well as weekly readings and concerts. Call branches for library hours. ●Bronx Library Center 310 E. Kingsbridge Road (718) 5794244 The largest public library in the Bronx—this 8,000-square-foot center is NYPL’s first green library and features the system’s premier Latino and Puerto Rican Heritage Collection. Hours are Monday through Saturday, from 9 a. m. to 9 p. m. Sundays, noon to 6 p. m. ●Riverdale Library 5540 Mosholo Ave. (718) 5491212 Across the street from Riverdale Neighborhood House, this branch has cathedral ceilings and is surrounded by trees and grass. Hours are Monday through Thursday from 10 a.m. to 6 p. m. Friday and Saturday from 10 a. m. to 5 p. m. ●Kingsbridge Library 291 W. 231st St., at Corlear Avenue (718) 548—5656 The Kingsbridge Library is the largest local library. It includes an outdoor garden, a multipurpose community room, and a teen area. Hours are Monday through Thursday from 10 a. m. to 7 p. m. Friday and Saturday from 10 a. m. to 5 p. m. ●Van Cortlandt Library 3882 Cannon Place (718) 543—5150 Located right along the B×1, B×2 and B×10 bus lines, this library is near the Jerome Park Reservoir and Van Cortlandt Park. Hours are Monday through Thursday from 10 a. m. to 7 p. m. Friday and Saturday from 10 a. m. to 5 p. m. All library patrons (用户) in these branches above are required to wear masks inside the building, says branch manager Rebecca Brown—Barbier. And for more information, please contact NYPL. org. 1. Which of the following branches offers service on Sundays? A. Van Cortlandt Library. B. Bronx Library Center. C. Kingsbridge Library. D. Riverdale Library. 2. What is special about Kingsbridge Library? A. It has space for teens. B. It enjoys three bus lines nearby. C. It’s known for NYPL’s first green library. D. It offers a multipurpose entertainment room. 3. What is a must for patrons in these branches? A. Carrying their own lunch. B. Booking seats at NYPL. org. C. Applying for library cards. D. Putting on their masks. 【答案】1. B 2. A 3. D B In a street largely unchanged since it was built in the 1800s, Hobart’s Battery Point is probably the last place you would expect to find a farm. In one corner of Peter Handy’s backyard is a controlled environment unit that houses vertical pastures (垂直牧场), the first of its kind in the southern hemisphere (半球). Mr. Handy is changing the definition of what it means to be a farmer. “I know it’s really funny, because when people say to me, ‘Where’s your farm?’, I’ll say ‘it’s in Battery Point’ and they’re like, ‘No, there’s no farms in Battery Point’,” he said “People think the Martians have landed because we’ve got this massive, big pink light that comes out of it from the bottom but other than that, they’d have no idea.” Not just a backyard project, Mr. Handy is running a business. “It’s here because I need to be as close to my customers, the chefs and restaurants of Hobart,” he said. “I aim to use the least amount of food miles as possible and make this a super-efficient business.” Using LED lights and hydroponic nutrients, the farm grows leafy greens, root vegetables and flowering plants. “I don’t have to worry about floods, wind, wild animals, electric fences, turning the soil over,” Mr .Handy said. Using 95 percent less water than traditional farming, the farm ticks the box environmentally. “I mean, this is definitely not the answer to food sustainability in the world. But it’s definitely a part of it.” Science writer Julian Cribb believes a world food crisis is coming, due to a combination of loss of water, loss of topsoil, climate change and overuse of poisons. “We’re going to need to change the nature of the way we produce food and change the human diet at the same time,” he said, “and new urban farming methods would see most of the world’s great cities feeding themselves.” Mr. Cribb said Australia was still quite a way off from adopting urban farming. But he believes that it poses a rather unique opportunity for Australian farmers to sell their expertise to cities, teaching people to grow food in urban environments. 4. What might people think of Mr. Handy’s farm? A. Scared. B. Impressed. C. Disappointed. D. Confused. 5. What does Mr. Handy say about his farm? A. It is not affected by weather. B. It mainly plants and sells flowers. C. It serves customers from near and far. D. It is the solution to food sustainability. 6. What’s the purpose of Mr. Gribb’s words in paragraph 5? A. To praise his contribution to science. B. To explain how urban farming works. C. To stress the necessity of urban farming. D. To present the seriousness of the food crisis. 7. What’s the passage mainly about? A. Cities are struggling to get food. B. Technology is changing people’s life. C. Peter Handy is a successful businessman. D. Food production is being moved into cities. 【答案】4. D 5. A 6. C 7. D C If there was one good thing to come out of lockdowns, it was improved book sales and rates of reading, especially among children. A survey of 70, 000 children and young people by the National Literacy Trust, however, has found this gain is now gone: figures are now equal to just before the pandemic, when the trust recorded the lowest levels of reading enjoyment since it first asked the question 17 years ago. A concurrent study of 8, 000 five to eight-year-olds found that nearly one in five did not have a book at home. These questions are not about basic literacy but about the habit of reading. The children surveyed spoke of books giving them subjects to talk about; of entertainment and information; of reading helping them to understand people unlike themselves; of finding in books a place of escape and a reduction of loneliness; of aid in coping with difficulty. “It helps me in learning about what I am feeling. That is because I have a hard time expressing my emotions and would rather not bother anyone,” as one child put it. Children who read at home are six times more likely to be able to read above expected levels, while one study of 160, 000 adults from 31 countries found children whose homes held at least 80 books, but whose schooling ended at 13or 14, were “as literate and technologically quick in adulthood as university graduates.” Another found these children also went on to earn more. It is not that most parents don’t understand this. A reason often cited for the lack of books at home is the cost of living. Almost a fifth of Britain’s public libraries have closed in 10 years, while one in eight primary schools in England, rising to one in four in disadvantaged communities, do not have a library or given reading space. Furthermore, the Department for Education, with its insistence on systematic synthetic phonics (自然拼读法), would keep an eye on the number of children who told the National Literacy Trust that teaching in primary schools had put them off reading. Compared with other problems this country faces, providing varied reading material is relatively straightforward to fix. We owe it to children to do so. 8. What does “this gain is now gone” in Paragraph 1 most probably mean? A. More children take to reading. B. Sales of books have shrank. C. Rates of reading remain stable. D. Reading materials are available. 9. Which of the following do students disapprove of? A. Reading broadens children’s horizons. B. Reading offers children spiritual shelters. C. Reading improves children’s basic literacy. D. Reading helps children deal with emotions. 10. Children reading more often at home are found ___. A. to be pushed by expected levels of reading B. to end schooling earlier than average readers C. to be willing to learn more when they grow up D. to possess greater reading and technological abilities 11. What can we infer from the last paragraph? A. Local communities do not have public libraries or appointed reading spaces. B. Immediate action should be taken to offer children more varied reading material. C. Primary schools have so far done a great job in encouraging children to read more. D. Disadvantaged families attach little importance to reading for lack of books at home. 【答案】8. B 9. C 10. D 11. B D In English it’s common to say, “I know this town like the back of my hand!” While we may know our towns really well, how well do we actually know our hands? Maybe not quite as well as we think, said a scientific study. Matthew Longo and his team from University College London studied the left hands of 100 people. With their hands placed palms down under a board, Longo’s team gave the instruction to point to their knuckles (指关节) and fingertips with a marker. How did they do? Not that well. “People think their hand is wider than it actually is,” said Longo. He said they also seemed to think their fingers were shorter than their true lengths. People were most accurate when finding their thumbs, but became less accurate with each finger, up to their pinkies (小手指)。 “It is connected to our sense of position,” explained Longo. Humans know where different parts of our bodies are, even if we can’t see them. “It tells us whether a joint is straight or not,” said Longo. “We also need to know the distances between our joints,“ he went on. Our brains know the sizes and shapes of our bodies from the maps they make for themselves. “This experiment tried to find those maps,” he said. Maybe maps don’t need to be perfect. But why aren’t our brains more accurate? Longo said our brains “see” areas based on our sense of touch, with the stronger the sense of touch in a specific body part, the bigger that body part seems. An example is our lips. As they have more nerves than our noses, our brain’s map shows our lips are bigger. The same thing can happen with body parts that have a lot of nerves. If you’ve ever had something stuck in your teeth it probably felt huge! That’s because our tongues also have lots of nerves. If you want to have some fun, try this test with your classmates. Get some boards and some markers and have them mark the spots where they think their knuckles and fingertips are. Compare their hands to the marker spots and see how well they have performed. 12. What can we learn from the experiment? A. People are always more accurate to judge the width of their palms. B. The experiment is to measure with and length of hands accurately. C. People’ s perception of hands is not something they take for granted. D. The experiment explores the difference between left and right hands. 13. What does the underlined word “It” in Paragraph 4 refer to? A. The size of the hand. B. The misbelief people had. C. The map the brain makes. D. The position of each body part. 14. According to the passage, what’s the key factor in affecting our perception of hands? A. The shapes of our bodies. B. Maps of organs. C. The distances between joints. D. The brain. 15. What’s the purpose of the passage? A. To give us a further insight into the brain. B. To convince us that seeing is not believing. C. To conduct a wider research about our hands. D. To introduce an easy but interesting experiment. 【答案】12. C 13. B 14. D 15. A 二、写作 第一节 应用文写作 假定你是育才中学高二学生李华。你们学校下周准备开展“中国武术（martial art）进校园”活动，届时一些外国友人也会应邀参加，现正在招募志愿服务人员。请你用英语给负责人Mr. Brown写一封申请信，内容包括： 1. 申请的理由； 2. 个人优势； 3. 希望批准。 注意：1. 写作词数应为80左右； 2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】One possible version: Dear Mr. Brown: I’m excited to hear that you are recruiting volunteers for “Chinese Martial Art Into Campus”. I’m writing to apply for this position. The position can provide me with a good chance to spread lively and elegant Chinese martial arts. I think I’m equal to the job. To begin with, with a great command of English, I can communicate with foreign friends fluently. Besides, I have a wide knowledge of Chinese martial arts. What’s more, I have gained outstanding organizational and interpersonal skills from previous voluntary work. I am looking forward to your reply. I would be grateful if I could get admitted. Yours sincerely, LiHua 第二节 读后续写 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 Chris looked at the clock again. Only five more minutes before school let out. Just now,his Creative Learning teacher, Mrs. Griswell asked them to be prepared to share their favorite hobby with the class on Friday.And they were supposed to bring samples for show. Chris sighed. No way am I going to talk about my favorite hobby, he thought.His older brother, Wes,laughed at him about it enough-and his dad didn't think much of it,either. On the bus,Chris heard others talking about the “hobby thing".Brian said he was going to bring his bowling trophies(保龄球奖杯）。Chris turned back around in his seat so he wouldn't have to talk to him anymore. ＂Don't believe him,"Nick whispered."He's the worst bowler I've ever seen.He borrows the trophies from his dad,I guess.He's really fake." At home,Chris puled out his bores of baseball cards.He liked baseball,even played some. But his really hobby let him express things from his imagination, and that’s what he liked most.Sorting through his cards, Chris began choosing some of the best ones.Yet he did not feel right about what he had decided. Tuesday passed. Chris gathered his baseball supplies and put them in a grocery bag marked “My Favorite Hobby".He was ready for Friday,but some:thing still felt wrong.He walked out of his room, ignoring the sketchpad(草图本）on his desk. Wednesday. After school Chris sat at the kitchen table with a sandwich,but he wasn't hungry.He didn't want to be fake like Brian, but he wasn't sure he had the courage to tell everyone his real hobby. What would the guys think of him? He chewed his sandwich slowly, thinking of Grandma.She was the reason he'd gotten interested in his hobby in the first place.“You have talent,” Grandma had told him proudly, admiring his work.And that felt really good. Suddenly,Chris knew what he had to do.He dropped his sandwich on the plate and rushed to the phone.“Hi,Grandma, it's Chris.I need your help.” 【注意】 1.所续写短文的词数应为150左右； 2.续写部分分为两段，每段的开头语已为你写好。 Paragraph 1: “Are you ready, Chris?" Mrs. Griswell asked and everyone in the class turned to look at him. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Paragraph 2: When Chris pulled out a head-band(颜带）he designed,the class became quiet. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Para 1: "Are you ready, Chris?" Mrs. Griswell asked and everyone in the class turned to look at him. Chris walked to the front of the classroom, clutching his grocery bag. His heart was pounding, and his legs felt shaky. "Go ahead," Mrs. Griswell said, smiling. Chris nodded. So he began. "I design things. I mean. I design clothes and accessories. There they were-the giggles and the sneers. "I'm a fashion designer." He brought out his sketchbook and flipped through pages showing his designs for jackets and caps, pants and shirts. There were still a few snickers. Para 2: When Chris pulled out a head-band(额带) he designed, the class became quiet. He designed black and blue pattern in the band and attached a small stone in the place of forehead. For girls, it was pink and purple with a small seashell. He heard someone say, "Cool!" . Few of the classmates nodded enthusiastically. "My grandma designs clothes, too. he explained feeling burst of hope. "She helped and we made headbands for everyone!" The whole class buzzed with excitement Chris grinned. Now things finally felt right! 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $