Unit 1 Honesty and responsibility Extended reading- Project 导学案 -2024-2025学年高中英语译林版选择性必修第四册

年 级：高二 科 目：英语 内 容：选择性必修四 U1-3 Extended reading- Project 【同步知识梳理】 1.mercy n. 仁慈,宽恕 ;幸运,恩惠 at the mercy of 任…处置,对…无能为力 leave sb/sth to the mercy/mercies of sb/sth 听任某人可能受苦或受到虐待(而无能为力) throw yourself on sb’s mercy 指望某人能够善待或宽恕自己 ask/beg for mercy 请求/乞求宽恕 have mercy on/ show mercy to 对…怜悯 without mercy 残忍地;毫不留情地 It's a mercy that ... ...真是万幸 merciful adj.宽大的,仁慈的;带来幸运的,给人解脱的 be merciful to...对...仁慈 mercifully adv.仁慈地；幸运地 merciless adj. 残忍的;无慈悲心的 2.fault n. 过错,责任;弱点,缺点；缺陷,毛病 faulty adj. 有故障的，有缺陷的;(思维方法)有错误的 faultless adj. 完美的；无缺点的 find fault with 挑剔;批评;抱怨 find fault in 看出…的缺点;找出…的毛病 be at fault有过错;有责任 It’s one’s fault that....是某人的过失 3.virtue n.美德；正直的品性;优点 by /in virtue of 依靠(by means of );由于 (= due to / owing to / on account of / because of...) have the virtue of 具有…的优点 make a virtue of 利用某事物（常指无法改变的不利条件） 4.discouraged adj. 灰心的,泄气的(近:disheartened/frustrated/depressed) discouraging adj. 使人沮丧的;令人气馁的 discourage v. 使泄气,使灰心;使打消念头,劝阻;阻碍 discouragement n. 气馁;挫折;劝阻 discourage sb from doing sth. 劝阻/阻止某人做某事(stop/keep/prevent...from doing sth ) prohibit/forbid /ban sb from doing sth禁止某人做某事 encourage vt. 鼓励;激励;鼓动;促进;助长;刺激 encourage sb to do sth 鼓励某人做某事;刺激某人做某事 encouraging adj. 鼓舞人心的 encouraged adj.受到鼓舞的 encouragement n.鼓励;激励;起激励作用的事物 5.weigh on sb/sth 使焦虑不安，加重…的思想负担 weigh one’s words 推敲；斟酌字句 weigh sb down 使烦恼；使焦虑；使忧心忡忡(burden) weigh sth. up / weigh up sth. against sth. 认真考虑;权衡;斟酌 weigh vt&vi.(用作系动词)重量为;称重量;认真考虑;权衡;斟酌;(对看法或结果)有影响;有分量 【精题精练精讲】 一、单词拼写 1. I wonder if we could get someone to review our work for us a few days before the d________ so that we can make some final changes. 2. Good weather leading to good grain h________ should ease the food shortages. 3. When we make mistakes, we sometimes try to minimize our own f________, while exaggerating that of others. 4. Curiosity is a much­overlooked human v________ and crucial to our success, but we are losing it. 5. Today's teenagers welcome parental ________ (指导) about important matters such as career choice—though certainly not Mom and Dad's advice on matters of personal taste, such as music or fashion. 6. Make sure you have quotation marks at both the beginning and the end of ________ (引语)． 7. In an era of growing cynicism about politicians, Mr. Mandela is a model of dignity and ________ (诚实正直)． 8. Workers in big firms receive a substantial part of their pay in the form of ________ (奖金) and overtime. 9. As a member of the nobility, his life had been one of wealth and ________ (特权). 10. By ________ (欣然接受) other cultures and genres, we actually broaden our horizons, rather than narrow any existing ones. 答案：1. deadline　2. harvests　3. fault　4. virtue 5. guidance　6. quotes　7. integrity　8. bonuses 9. privilege　10. embracing 二、短语填空(用所给短语的适当形式填空，有两项多余) at large; set aside; at the mercy of; apart from; weigh on; in store for; be responsible for; pick up; contribute to; go through; set out; make a difference 1. Not until he ______________ real hardship did he realize the love from his families was important. 2. If she had known what lay ______________ her, she would never have agreed to go. 3. ______________ more money for sports facilities will help schools develop better physical education programs and encourage more students to participate in them. 4. Having lost engine power, the boat's crew found themselves ______________ the wind. 5. Even when parents no longer live together, they each continue to ______________ their children. 6. The room was empty ______________ one man seated beside the fire. 7. Researchers claim to have found the first proof that getting a regular eight­hour sleep every night __________________ to our health. 8. The suspect remains ______________ despite the high price put on his head by the authorities. 9. I am sure that this meeting will ____________ the reinforcement of peace and security all over the world. 10. Don't bother your father with so many questions. He already has had too many ______________ his mind. 答案：1. went through　2. in store for　3. Setting aside 4. at the mercy of　5. be responsible for　6. apart from　7. makes a difference　8. at large 9. contribute to　10. weighing on 三、单句填空 A)词汇知识运用 1. Apologies minimize conflict, lead to ________ (forgive), and serve to restore relationship closeness. 2. The moment she thought of the ________ result, she became ________. (discourage) 3. We are looking at our business to see where ________ (save) and efficiencies can be made. 4. We were told when he was taken to hospital that his injuries were so severe that death would be ________ (mercy). 5. ________ (organ) food is unadulterated food produced without artificial chemicals or pesticides. B)语法知识运用 6. If you pretend ________ (know) what you don't know, you'll only make a fool of yourself. 7. Smoking should be stripped of any appeal to discourage new generations ________ starting in the first place. 8. ________ well­kept the secret is, there will be a day to let the cat out of the bag. 9. Dina, ________ (struggle) for months to find a job as a waitress, finally took a position at a local advertising agency. 10. They overcame some difficulties and completed the work ahead of time, ________ was something we had not expected. 答案：1. forgiveness　2. discouraging; discouraged 3. savings　4. merciful　5. Organic　6. to know 7. from　8. However　9. having struggled　10. which 【能力拓展训练】 一、七选五 As much as 80 percent of premature (早期的) heart disease is preventable by making specific lifestyle choices. Some strategies, such as exercising and managing weight, are well known.___1___ Get eight hours of sleep. “When you're not rested, everything that happens in your life is a lot more stressful,” says Dr. Arya Sharma, founder of the Canadian Obesity Network. If we lack sleep, our bodies also have more difficulty controlling blood pressure, inflammation and glucose levels.___2___ ___3___Doing good for others helps your self-esteem and relieves stress. Research published in Psychosomatic Medicine in 2016 showed that a feeling of purpose in life is linked to a lower likelihood of heart attack and stroke. “We know that loneliness is a risk factor for heart health,” adds Sharma. “Volunteering gets you out of the house and creates a social network. Depending on the type of work you do, volunteering might even increase your physical activity.” Avoid polluted air.___4___Even short periods of exposure are unhealthy for people who already have other cardiovascular risks, such as high blood pressure. Try to get your outdoor exercise far away from highways and industrial districts, and spend more time indoors when the air quality is poor. Treat depression. “Depression can affect the way we behave,” says Dr. Arya Sharma. Not only are we more likely to drink too much alcohol and to avoid exercise, ___5___such as higher levels of stress hormones and blood sugar, that can be associated with poor heart health. A. Avoid loneliness. B. Engage in volunteer work. C. But others may not have crossed your mind. D. These factors can all have an impact on heart health. E. there are also physiologic effects of this condition on the body. F. Here are four other ways which can improve your heart disease. G. Exposure to this kind of pollution over time raises your risk of heart disease. 【答案】1. C 2. D 3. B 4. G 5. E 二、完形填空 As the saying goes, “Interest is the seed of everything”. Since childhood, Cantero had been living with football that had a ____1____ effect on her. She had always loved football as well as art, and fortunately she found a way to ____2____ the two things. Lili Cantero prepared a new colorful show of her works to take to the World Cup in Qatar. The 29-year-old artist was famous for ____3____ soccer shoes for stars. Her new artworks included shoes and balls with pictures and designs. Many of them were ____4____ by the Middle Eastern nation, Qatar, and especially its capital Doha brought her lots of ____5____ ideas. The city welcomed national teams from the world to ____6____ in the World Cup. Cantero ____7____ sent a pair of shoes to Argentine star Lionel Messi. The shoes had fancy details with black and white image of the ____8____ and his family. She didn’t know if Messi would even receive the shoes. But ____9____, she received a photo of Messi holding them. That marked a turning point in her_____10_____. Then her colorful designs _____11_____ other stars. She even met a famous former Brazilian star and gave him a pair of _____12_____ and a football showing a kiss his mother had given him after winning an award in 2005. In Qatar, Cantero planned to show eight footballs with designs that showed her _____13_____ for eight countries winning the World Cup, thinking that they were _____14_____ of the admiration of all. Finally, the footballs were the centerpiece of the World Cup exhibition, while the boots were presented within three-dimensional _____15_____ looking like the stadiums that Qatar built for the World Cup. 1. A. slight B. limited C. significant D. temporary 2. A. compare B. explain C. investigate D. connect 3. A. making B. painting C. purchasing D. donating 4. A. inspired B. checked C. sponsored D. arranged 5. A. narrow B. conventional C. novel D. literary 6. A. turn B. compete C. speak D. explore 7. A. still B. never C. often D. ever 8. A. artist B. judge C. player D. photographer 9. A. in surprise B. in vain C. on time D. on hand 10. A. plan B. career C. team D. stadium 11. A. confused B. hurt C. changed D. drew 12. A. sweaters B. glasses C. boots D. socks 13. A. respect B. insurance C. debt D. cost 14. A. aware B. worthy C. ignorant D. suspicious 15. A. maps B. rocks C. movements D. structures 【答案】1. C 2. D 3. B 4. A 5. C 6. B 7. D 8. C 9. A 10. B 11. D 12. C 13. A 14. B 15. D 三、语法填空 The Forbidden City, also ____1____(refer) to as the Palace Museum in the modern days, is located in the heart of Beijing. It is an ancient ____2____(architecture) complex with a history of over 600 years. The aerial view of the Forbidden City shows it is a symmetrical layout. The three main halls-the Hall of Supreme Harmony, the Hall of Central Harmony and the Hall of Preserving Harmony comprise the Forbidden City’s central line, ____3____ is flanked (两侧有) by more than 70 palaces with over 9, 000 rooms. The buildings are all covered with golden roofs with red columns and high walls beneath, ____4____(symbolize) the noble status of the royal family. In addition to ____5____(it) magnificent appearance, the Palace Museum also houses over one million pieces of cultural relics and treasures. In recent years, the Forbidden City has become ____6____ Internet celebrity, launching thousands of cultural and artistic products. These products are well enjoyed by ____7____(consumer), combining the traditional imperial elements with modern technology. Up to now, a “Digital Forbidden City” ____8____(create). The development of the Internet and AR technology has allowed people to visit the palace in an immersive way and to observe the panorama and details of the imperial treasures. As a new day begins, the ancient Forbidden City continues to welcome visitors at home and abroad. Be it onsite or online, your visit ____9____ the Forbidden City may help you travel through time and space and_____10_____(true) appreciate the time-honored Chinese culture. 【答案】1. referred 2. architectural 3. which 4. symbolizing 5. its 6. an 7. consumers 8. has been created 9. to 10. truly 【课后巩固训练】 一、阅读理解 A Introduction to Life Is Simple Life Is Simple is a book that has affected the course of science, and it tells us an important principle. Price: £25.00 Weight:600g Dimension: 236 mm X 160 mm x 40 mm Supply: Hardcover |384 pages Description: Life Is Simple tells a remarkable story of how a thirteenth century man’s search for simplicity led to the development of the modern world. The book begins with the hero at the Middle Ages, William Occam, who devoted himself to exploring philosophy, and first expressed clearly the principle that the best answer to any problem is the simplest. The famous theory from him cut through the bushes of the Middle Ages’ philosophy dealing with the nature of existence, truth and knowledge to clear a path for modern science. We follow the theory in the hands of the giants of science, from Copernicus to Kepler, Galileo, Newton, Darwin, Einstein, Rubin and Higgs. Its success suggests that we live in the simplest possible habitable universe and supports the revolutionary theory that our universe has gradually formed. By highlighting the very human passion, curiosity, mistakes and struggles of those who were inspired by the theory to create the modern world, Johnjoe McFadden provides new understanding into what science is really about. And the principle of simplicity is as practical today as ever. 1. What do we know about Life Is Simple? A. Its topic is about modern science. B. Its main character loves philosophy. C. It regards giants of science as its heroes. D. It has a large size with six hundred pages. 2. Who is the author of Life Is Simple? A. William Occam. B. Johnjoe McFadden. C. Newton. D. Einstein. 3. Who is most probably interested in Life Is Simple? A. A student majoring in art. B. A doctor expert at child psychology. C. A singer crazy about western culture. D. A teenager curious about science and life. 【答案】1. B 2. B 3. D B Peterson Moturi journeyed to Nairobi, Kenya in 2014 to find a better life for himself. Initially, he would sell drinking water and groundnuts, as well as working as a car wash attendant before becoming a watchman for night duties. Since his goal was to join law school, he saved Kes 50, 000, which he used to pay for his admission to law school. He applied for admission to the Kenya School of Law (KSL) in 2016 and was successful, but the biggest headache facing him was that he didn’t have enough money to pay his fees. Fortunately, he got some financial assistance from Mr. PLO Lumumba, who was then the school director and offered him a scholarship. However, Moturi was then faced with the challenging task of working at night and attending class during the day. Unfortunately, when he sat for his final exams, he got a Pass, which could not allow him to move to the next stage, attaining a law degree. That meant he had to score at least a credit and find money to pay for his diploma courses. He decided to approach his employer, Radar Security, for help. He honestly told his boss that he failed and wondered if he could sponsor him for the diploma once again. To his surprise, his boss agreed, and in no time, he was back in class. “Now I am a joyful man. I am graduating with a credit score. I can now go ahead, pursue a law degree and become an advocate,” he said at the graduation ceremony. Though dressed in the usual graduation regalia (礼服), Moturi somehow appeared different from his colleagues due to the security guard uiform he wore underneath. The 28-year-old man desires to help the less fortunate in society have access to justice. 4. What bothered Moturi most after he gained admission to the KSL? A. Losing his day job. B. Lacking school fees. C. Feeding his family. D. Failing in his final exams. 5. Why did Moturi decide to score at least a credit? A. To enable his boss to sponsor him. B. To succeed in obtaining the scholarship. C. To graduate from the KSL ahead of time. D. To qualify for admission for a law degree. 6. How did Moturi support himself while studying in the KSL? A. By selling daily articles. B. By offering car washing service. C. By serving as a night watchman. D. By asking his family for financial help. 7. Which of the following can best describe Peterson Moturi? A. Determined. B. Modest. C. Imaginative. D. Generous. 【答案】4. B 5. D 6. C 7. A C Online grocery delivery has skyrocketed (飞涨) all over the world. Since COVID-19 cases have been declining, new companies such as Zapp, GoPuff, or Getir have entered the grocery delivery market with a mission to permanently change consumer habits. These rapid grocery delivery services make a novel promise: Groceries can be delivered within minutes to your door. This option sounds great to busy parents who cannot leave their children alone to pop into the store or people who have guests and urgently need a few extra beers without leaving the house. However, shoppers should watch out for the allure (诱惑) of rapid delivery whenever possible. While a one-time rapid delivery is certainly harmless for the shopper and the whole market, repeatedly using such services will ultimately harm grocery shops and corner shops. So far, rapid delivery companies have been backed by capital fund (资金) to finance their costs，but they need to be profitable in the long run to survive. So they will push up prices and gradually cancel promotions once their capital funding has dried up. Last week, a delivery company was reported to have shut down after running out of cash, leaving its workers jobless. We should think about the serious outcome that may come up, such as much less lively cities that miss the small shops and delivery workers who face tight deadlines and little job security. As consumers,we often think that our daily decisions are harmless. Just as one doughnut (甜甜圈) doesn’t compromise our healthy diet and one skipped workout doesn’t affect our fitness,one rapid delivery will not harm the little shops that make our neighborhood lively. Research shows that consumers who perform a behavior regularly for about six weeks have created a habit. So ordering rapid delivery every day will hurt our neighborhoods and make us poorer once prices increase. Thus, approach the rapid delivery option as you would refuse to accept any other allure. Be careful not to create a habit that you might later come to regret. 8. What makes rapid grocery delivery appealing to consumers? A. Saving time and energy. B. Avoiding disease exposure. C. Following the global trend. D. Buying highly desirable goods. 9. What consequence may the massive growth of rapid delivery have? A. Job market will be less completive. B. Delivery services will make more profits. C. Local commercial business will be promoted. D. Small shops and delivery workers will be hurt. 10. What is the function of paragraph 3? A. To explain the harm of bad habits. B. To make the argument more persuasive. C. To add some background information. D. To stress the value of decision-making. 11. What’s the best title for the text? A. Delivery companies will change how we shop B. How can we manage to avoid being cheated online? C. Shoppers should try to resist the allure of rapid delivery D. How do grocery delivery companies affect small stores? 【答案】8. A 9. D 10. B 11. C D On January 7, David Bennett went into the operating room at the University of Maryland Medical Center for a surgical procedure never performed before on a human. The 57-year-old Maryland resident had been hospitalized for months due to a life threatening disease. His heart was failing him and he needed a new one. Bennett’s condition left him unresponsive to treatment and ineligible (不合格) for the transplant list or an artificial heart pump. The physician-scientists at the center however, had another-also risky- option: transplant (移植) a heart from a genetically-modified pig. “It was either die or do this transplant,” Bennett had told surgeons a day before the operation. “I want to live. I know it’s a shot in the dark, but it’s also my last choice.” It took the medical team eight hours to finish the operation, making Bennett the first human to successfully receive a pig’s heart. “It’s working and it looks normal. We are thrilled, but we don’t know what tomorrow will bring us. This has never been done before,” Barkley Griffith, who led the transplant team, told the New York Times. While it’s only been five days since the operation, the surgeons say that Bennett’s new pig heart was, so far, functioning as expected and his body wasn’t rejecting (排斥) the organ. They are still monitoring his condition closely. “I think it’s extremely exciting,” says Robert Montgomery, transplant surgeon and director of the NYU Langone Transplant Institute, who was not involved in Bennett’s operation. The result of the procedure was also personally meaningful for Montgomery, who received a heart transplant in 2018 due to a genetic disease that may also affect members of his family in the future. “It’s still in the early days, but still the heart seems to be functioning. And that in and of itself is an extraordinary thing. Up to now most experimental heart transplant procedures have been done between pigs and other animals. This is the first time that surgeons have taken it into a living human.” 12. What do the words “a shot in the dark” underlined in Paragraph 3 mean? A. Something that costs a fortune. B. Something impossible to succeed. C. Something drawing public attention. D. Something with an uncertain outcome. 13. What is Barkley Griffith’s attitude to Bennett’s post-operation condition? A. Negative. B. Cautious. C. Optimistic. D. Uncaring. 14. What is the text mainly about? A. The heated debate over the pig heart transplant. B. David Bennett’s contribution to medical research. C. The first experimental pig heart transplant in the world. D. The first successful pig heart transplant into a living human. 15. In which section of a magazine may this text appear? A. Political Affairs. B. Global Entertainment. C. Sci-Tech Front. D. Financial Window. 【答案】12. D 13. B 14. D 15. C 写作 第一节 应用文写作 假如你是校学生会主席李华，在你校阅读月到来之际，为呼吁学生多读经典好书，请你以学生会的名义，为学校“英语天地”宣传栏写一封倡议书，内容包括： 1.读书的好处；2.推荐一本经典读物。 注意：1.词数80左右； 2.可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 Dear fellow students, _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ The Students’ Union 【答案】Dear fellow students, With the reading month approaching, I’m here to appeal to all of you to do more reading. Reading beyond doubt plays an essential part in life. It can not only enrich our minds but also teach us to distinguish between right and wrong. Furthermore, reading can broaden our horizons and improve ourselves. I’d like to recommend a book titled The Old Man and the Sea, where I have appreciated the beauty of English and have learnt to face difficulties in life. Let’s get down to reading and you will be inspired a lot. The Students’ Union 第二节 读后续写 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 A Perfect Match This story is a miracle. A dog, separated from her owner for many years, finally returned to her side. As an only child, Nicole Renae often felt lonely in her youth. But that all changed when she turned ten. For her birthday, Renae’s grandmother surprised her with an adorable gray puppy named Chloe. From the very start, the two were inseparable. “She was my best friend,” Renae says. Every ounce of love Renae gave, the little dog returned more. “She was such a sweet dog,” Renae says. “She’d lick your face forever if you didn’t stop her.” But when Renae was 14, her father got a new job that came with a piece of bad news; He’d be working from home, and the house needed to be free of audible (听得见的) distractions. “Chloe was very yappy (喜欢叫嚷的),” Renae says. “I was just a kid, so I didn’t have any choice in the matter. I didn’t want to get rid of my dog. I just felt so sick and sad about it.” With no easier option, the family surrendered Chloe to a humane society (动物保护协会). Though they were optimistic that the dog would find a new home with people who loved her, they couldn’t know for sure. “I called the humane society to try to find out what happened to her,” Renae says, “but they couldn’t tell me anything. So I never knew.” In time, Renae grew up, got married, and had a child of her own. But her family didn’t feel quite complete. Remembering the joy that having a dog had brought her as a kid, Renae wanted her daughter to experience the same. She had it in her mind that she would adopt a puppy, but then one day she saw a post on Facebook about a senior dog that needed a new home. The dog in the photograph looked a lot like Chloe—she was even named Chloe. In an instant it was decided: She would adopt this older dog. 注意： 1.续写词数应为150左右; 2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 When she met Chloe, Renae was struck with an amazing feeling. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ But her mom realized there was a way to test the theory; Their Chloe had been microchipped (植入芯片) as a puppy. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 When she met Chloe, Renae was struck with an amazing feeling. The dog seemed so familiar. And Chloe appeared to feel the same way about Renae. She ran up to Renae and started licking her face. Chloe reminded Renae so much of her old dog that the emotion overwhelmed her. Renae was crying. She just knew in her heart that it was her. Sill, eight years had passed since Renae seen Chloe last, so the notion seemed to be little more than wishful thinking. Her whole family thought Renae was crazy. But her mom realized there was a way to test the theory: Their Chloe had been microchipped (植入芯片) as a puppy. They found the ID number, then Renae took her new Chloe to the vet to be scanned. Sure enough, she also had a microchip. The numbers were a match. So Renae felt like she’d won the lottery. After years of thinking she’d never see her dog again, Renae is overjoyed to have her back. She got so excited to come home. As for Chloe, she’s made herself right at home. She knows that she’ll be with Renae forever. 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 年 级：高二 科 目：英语 内 容：选择性必修四 U1-3 Extended reading- Project 【同步知识梳理】 1.mercy n. 仁慈,宽恕 ;幸运,恩惠 at the mercy of 任…处置,对…无能为力 leave sb/sth to the mercy/mercies of sb/sth 听任某人可能受苦或受到虐待(而无能为力) throw yourself on sb’s mercy 指望某人能够善待或宽恕自己 ask/beg for mercy 请求/乞求宽恕 have mercy on/ show mercy to 对…怜悯 without mercy 残忍地;毫不留情地 It's a mercy that ... ...真是万幸 merciful adj.宽大的,仁慈的;带来幸运的,给人解脱的 be merciful to...对...仁慈 mercifully adv.仁慈地；幸运地 merciless adj. 残忍的;无慈悲心的 2.fault n. 过错,责任;弱点,缺点；缺陷,毛病 faulty adj. 有故障的，有缺陷的;(思维方法)有错误的 faultless adj. 完美的；无缺点的 find fault with 挑剔;批评;抱怨 find fault in 看出…的缺点;找出…的毛病 be at fault有过错;有责任 It’s one’s fault that....是某人的过失 3.virtue n.美德；正直的品性;优点 by /in virtue of 依靠(by means of );由于 (= due to / owing to / on account of / because of...) have the virtue of 具有…的优点 make a virtue of 利用某事物（常指无法改变的不利条件） 4.discouraged adj. 灰心的,泄气的(近:disheartened/frustrated/depressed) discouraging adj. 使人沮丧的;令人气馁的 discourage v. 使泄气,使灰心;使打消念头,劝阻;阻碍 discouragement n. 气馁;挫折;劝阻 discourage sb from doing sth. 劝阻/阻止某人做某事(stop/keep/prevent...from doing sth ) prohibit/forbid /ban sb from doing sth禁止某人做某事 encourage vt. 鼓励;激励;鼓动;促进;助长;刺激 encourage sb to do sth 鼓励某人做某事;刺激某人做某事 encouraging adj. 鼓舞人心的 encouraged adj.受到鼓舞的 encouragement n.鼓励;激励;起激励作用的事物 5.weigh on sb/sth 使焦虑不安，加重…的思想负担 weigh one’s words 推敲；斟酌字句 weigh sb down 使烦恼；使焦虑；使忧心忡忡(burden) weigh sth. up / weigh up sth. against sth. 认真考虑;权衡;斟酌 weigh vt&vi.(用作系动词)重量为;称重量;认真考虑;权衡;斟酌;(对看法或结果)有影响;有分量 【精题精练精讲】 一、单词拼写 1. I wonder if we could get someone to review our work for us a few days before the d________ so that we can make some final changes. 2. Good weather leading to good grain h________ should ease the food shortages. 3. When we make mistakes, we sometimes try to minimize our own f________, while exaggerating that of others. 4. Curiosity is a much­overlooked human v________ and crucial to our success, but we are losing it. 5. Today's teenagers welcome parental ________ (指导) about important matters such as career choice—though certainly not Mom and Dad's advice on matters of personal taste, such as music or fashion. 6. Make sure you have quotation marks at both the beginning and the end of ________ (引语)． 7. In an era of growing cynicism about politicians, Mr. Mandela is a model of dignity and ________ (诚实正直)． 8. Workers in big firms receive a substantial part of their pay in the form of ________ (奖金) and overtime. 9. As a member of the nobility, his life had been one of wealth and ________ (特权). 10. By ________ (欣然接受) other cultures and genres, we actually broaden our horizons, rather than narrow any existing ones. 二、短语填空(用所给短语的适当形式填空，有两项多余) at large; set aside; at the mercy of; apart from; weigh on; in store for; be responsible for; pick up; contribute to; go through; set out; make a difference 1. Not until he ______________ real hardship did he realize the love from his families was important. 2. If she had known what lay ______________ her, she would never have agreed to go. 3. ______________ more money for sports facilities will help schools develop better physical education programs and encourage more students to participate in them. 4. Having lost engine power, the boat's crew found themselves ______________ the wind. 5. Even when parents no longer live together, they each continue to ______________ their children. 6. The room was empty ______________ one man seated beside the fire. 7. Researchers claim to have found the first proof that getting a regular eight­hour sleep every night __________________ to our health. 8. The suspect remains ______________ despite the high price put on his head by the authorities. 9. I am sure that this meeting will ____________ the reinforcement of peace and security all over the world. 10. Don't bother your father with so many questions. He already has had too many ______________ his mind. 三、单句填空 A)词汇知识运用 1. Apologies minimize conflict, lead to ________ (forgive), and serve to restore relationship closeness. 2. The moment she thought of the ________ result, she became ________. (discourage) 3. We are looking at our business to see where ________ (save) and efficiencies can be made. 4. We were told when he was taken to hospital that his injuries were so severe that death would be ________ (mercy). 5. ________ (organ) food is unadulterated food produced without artificial chemicals or pesticides. B)语法知识运用 6. If you pretend ________ (know) what you don't know, you'll only make a fool of yourself. 7. Smoking should be stripped of any appeal to discourage new generations ________ starting in the first place. 8. ________ well­kept the secret is, there will be a day to let the cat out of the bag. 9. Dina, ________ (struggle) for months to find a job as a waitress, finally took a position at a local advertising agency. 10. They overcame some difficulties and completed the work ahead of time, ________ was something we had not expected. 【能力拓展训练】 一、七选五 As much as 80 percent of premature (早期的) heart disease is preventable by making specific lifestyle choices. Some strategies, such as exercising and managing weight, are well known.___1___ Get eight hours of sleep. “When you're not rested, everything that happens in your life is a lot more stressful,” says Dr. Arya Sharma, founder of the Canadian Obesity Network. If we lack sleep, our bodies also have more difficulty controlling blood pressure, inflammation and glucose levels.___2___ ___3___Doing good for others helps your self-esteem and relieves stress. Research published in Psychosomatic Medicine in 2016 showed that a feeling of purpose in life is linked to a lower likelihood of heart attack and stroke. “We know that loneliness is a risk factor for heart health,” adds Sharma. “Volunteering gets you out of the house and creates a social network. Depending on the type of work you do, volunteering might even increase your physical activity.” Avoid polluted air.___4___Even short periods of exposure are unhealthy for people who already have other cardiovascular risks, such as high blood pressure. Try to get your outdoor exercise far away from highways and industrial districts, and spend more time indoors when the air quality is poor. Treat depression. “Depression can affect the way we behave,” says Dr. Arya Sharma. Not only are we more likely to drink too much alcohol and to avoid exercise, ___5___such as higher levels of stress hormones and blood sugar, that can be associated with poor heart health. A. Avoid loneliness. B. Engage in volunteer work. C. But others may not have crossed your mind. D. These factors can all have an impact on heart health. E. there are also physiologic effects of this condition on the body. F. Here are four other ways which can improve your heart disease. G. Exposure to this kind of pollution over time raises your risk of heart disease. 二、完形填空 As the saying goes, “Interest is the seed of everything”. Since childhood, Cantero had been living with football that had a ____1____ effect on her. She had always loved football as well as art, and fortunately she found a way to ____2____ the two things. Lili Cantero prepared a new colorful show of her works to take to the World Cup in Qatar. The 29-year-old artist was famous for ____3____ soccer shoes for stars. Her new artworks included shoes and balls with pictures and designs. Many of them were ____4____ by the Middle Eastern nation, Qatar, and especially its capital Doha brought her lots of ____5____ ideas. The city welcomed national teams from the world to ____6____ in the World Cup. Cantero ____7____ sent a pair of shoes to Argentine star Lionel Messi. The shoes had fancy details with black and white image of the ____8____ and his family. She didn’t know if Messi would even receive the shoes. But ____9____, she received a photo of Messi holding them. That marked a turning point in her_____10_____. Then her colorful designs _____11_____ other stars. She even met a famous former Brazilian star and gave him a pair of _____12_____ and a football showing a kiss his mother had given him after winning an award in 2005. In Qatar, Cantero planned to show eight footballs with designs that showed her _____13_____ for eight countries winning the World Cup, thinking that they were _____14_____ of the admiration of all. Finally, the footballs were the centerpiece of the World Cup exhibition, while the boots were presented within three-dimensional _____15_____ looking like the stadiums that Qatar built for the World Cup. 1. A. slight B. limited C. significant D. temporary 2. A. compare B. explain C. investigate D. connect 3. A. making B. painting C. purchasing D. donating 4. A. inspired B. checked C. sponsored D. arranged 5. A. narrow B. conventional C. novel D. literary 6. A. turn B. compete C. speak D. explore 7. A. still B. never C. often D. ever 8. A. artist B. judge C. player D. photographer 9. A. in surprise B. in vain C. on time D. on hand 10. A. plan B. career C. team D. stadium 11. A. confused B. hurt C. changed D. drew 12. A. sweaters B. glasses C. boots D. socks 13. A. respect B. insurance C. debt D. cost 14. A. aware B. worthy C. ignorant D. suspicious 15. A. maps B. rocks C. movements D. structures 三、语法填空 The Forbidden City, also ____1____(refer) to as the Palace Museum in the modern days, is located in the heart of Beijing. It is an ancient ____2____(architecture) complex with a history of over 600 years. The aerial view of the Forbidden City shows it is a symmetrical layout. The three main halls-the Hall of Supreme Harmony, the Hall of Central Harmony and the Hall of Preserving Harmony comprise the Forbidden City’s central line, ____3____ is flanked (两侧有) by more than 70 palaces with over 9, 000 rooms. The buildings are all covered with golden roofs with red columns and high walls beneath, ____4____(symbolize) the noble status of the royal family. In addition to ____5____(it) magnificent appearance, the Palace Museum also houses over one million pieces of cultural relics and treasures. In recent years, the Forbidden City has become ____6____ Internet celebrity, launching thousands of cultural and artistic products. These products are well enjoyed by ____7____(consumer), combining the traditional imperial elements with modern technology. Up to now, a “Digital Forbidden City” ____8____(create). The development of the Internet and AR technology has allowed people to visit the palace in an immersive way and to observe the panorama and details of the imperial treasures. As a new day begins, the ancient Forbidden City continues to welcome visitors at home and abroad. Be it onsite or online, your visit ____9____ the Forbidden City may help you travel through time and space and_____10_____(true) appreciate the time-honored Chinese culture. 【课后巩固训练】 一、阅读理解 A Introduction to Life Is Simple Life Is Simple is a book that has affected the course of science, and it tells us an important principle. Price: £25.00 Weight:600g Dimension: 236 mm X 160 mm x 40 mm Supply: Hardcover |384 pages Description: Life Is Simple tells a remarkable story of how a thirteenth century man’s search for simplicity led to the development of the modern world. The book begins with the hero at the Middle Ages, William Occam, who devoted himself to exploring philosophy, and first expressed clearly the principle that the best answer to any problem is the simplest. The famous theory from him cut through the bushes of the Middle Ages’ philosophy dealing with the nature of existence, truth and knowledge to clear a path for modern science. We follow the theory in the hands of the giants of science, from Copernicus to Kepler, Galileo, Newton, Darwin, Einstein, Rubin and Higgs. Its success suggests that we live in the simplest possible habitable universe and supports the revolutionary theory that our universe has gradually formed. By highlighting the very human passion, curiosity, mistakes and struggles of those who were inspired by the theory to create the modern world, Johnjoe McFadden provides new understanding into what science is really about. And the principle of simplicity is as practical today as ever. 1. What do we know about Life Is Simple? A. Its topic is about modern science. B. Its main character loves philosophy. C. It regards giants of science as its heroes. D. It has a large size with six hundred pages. 2. Who is the author of Life Is Simple? A. William Occam. B. Johnjoe McFadden. C. Newton. D. Einstein. 3. Who is most probably interested in Life Is Simple? A. A student majoring in art. B. A doctor expert at child psychology. C. A singer crazy about western culture. D. A teenager curious about science and life. B Peterson Moturi journeyed to Nairobi, Kenya in 2014 to find a better life for himself. Initially, he would sell drinking water and groundnuts, as well as working as a car wash attendant before becoming a watchman for night duties. Since his goal was to join law school, he saved Kes 50, 000, which he used to pay for his admission to law school. He applied for admission to the Kenya School of Law (KSL) in 2016 and was successful, but the biggest headache facing him was that he didn’t have enough money to pay his fees. Fortunately, he got some financial assistance from Mr. PLO Lumumba, who was then the school director and offered him a scholarship. However, Moturi was then faced with the challenging task of working at night and attending class during the day. Unfortunately, when he sat for his final exams, he got a Pass, which could not allow him to move to the next stage, attaining a law degree. That meant he had to score at least a credit and find money to pay for his diploma courses. He decided to approach his employer, Radar Security, for help. He honestly told his boss that he failed and wondered if he could sponsor him for the diploma once again. To his surprise, his boss agreed, and in no time, he was back in class. “Now I am a joyful man. I am graduating with a credit score. I can now go ahead, pursue a law degree and become an advocate,” he said at the graduation ceremony. Though dressed in the usual graduation regalia (礼服), Moturi somehow appeared different from his colleagues due to the security guard uiform he wore underneath. The 28-year-old man desires to help the less fortunate in society have access to justice. 4. What bothered Moturi most after he gained admission to the KSL? A. Losing his day job. B. Lacking school fees. C. Feeding his family. D. Failing in his final exams. 5. Why did Moturi decide to score at least a credit? A. To enable his boss to sponsor him. B. To succeed in obtaining the scholarship. C. To graduate from the KSL ahead of time. D. To qualify for admission for a law degree. 6. How did Moturi support himself while studying in the KSL? A. By selling daily articles. B. By offering car washing service. C. By serving as a night watchman. D. By asking his family for financial help. 7. Which of the following can best describe Peterson Moturi? A. Determined. B. Modest. C. Imaginative. D. Generous. C Online grocery delivery has skyrocketed (飞涨) all over the world. Since COVID-19 cases have been declining, new companies such as Zapp, GoPuff, or Getir have entered the grocery delivery market with a mission to permanently change consumer habits. These rapid grocery delivery services make a novel promise: Groceries can be delivered within minutes to your door. This option sounds great to busy parents who cannot leave their children alone to pop into the store or people who have guests and urgently need a few extra beers without leaving the house. However, shoppers should watch out for the allure (诱惑) of rapid delivery whenever possible. While a one-time rapid delivery is certainly harmless for the shopper and the whole market, repeatedly using such services will ultimately harm grocery shops and corner shops. So far, rapid delivery companies have been backed by capital fund (资金) to finance their costs，but they need to be profitable in the long run to survive. So they will push up prices and gradually cancel promotions once their capital funding has dried up. Last week, a delivery company was reported to have shut down after running out of cash, leaving its workers jobless. We should think about the serious outcome that may come up, such as much less lively cities that miss the small shops and delivery workers who face tight deadlines and little job security. As consumers,we often think that our daily decisions are harmless. Just as one doughnut (甜甜圈) doesn’t compromise our healthy diet and one skipped workout doesn’t affect our fitness,one rapid delivery will not harm the little shops that make our neighborhood lively. Research shows that consumers who perform a behavior regularly for about six weeks have created a habit. So ordering rapid delivery every day will hurt our neighborhoods and make us poorer once prices increase. Thus, approach the rapid delivery option as you would refuse to accept any other allure. Be careful not to create a habit that you might later come to regret. 8. What makes rapid grocery delivery appealing to consumers? A. Saving time and energy. B. Avoiding disease exposure. C. Following the global trend. D. Buying highly desirable goods. 9. What consequence may the massive growth of rapid delivery have? A. Job market will be less completive. B. Delivery services will make more profits. C. Local commercial business will be promoted. D. Small shops and delivery workers will be hurt. 10. What is the function of paragraph 3? A. To explain the harm of bad habits. B. To make the argument more persuasive. C. To add some background information. D. To stress the value of decision-making. 11. What’s the best title for the text? A. Delivery companies will change how we shop B. How can we manage to avoid being cheated online? C. Shoppers should try to resist the allure of rapid delivery D. How do grocery delivery companies affect small stores? D On January 7, David Bennett went into the operating room at the University of Maryland Medical Center for a surgical procedure never performed before on a human. The 57-year-old Maryland resident had been hospitalized for months due to a life threatening disease. His heart was failing him and he needed a new one. Bennett’s condition left him unresponsive to treatment and ineligible (不合格) for the transplant list or an artificial heart pump. The physician-scientists at the center however, had another-also risky- option: transplant (移植) a heart from a genetically-modified pig. “It was either die or do this transplant,” Bennett had told surgeons a day before the operation. “I want to live. I know it’s a shot in the dark, but it’s also my last choice.” It took the medical team eight hours to finish the operation, making Bennett the first human to successfully receive a pig’s heart. “It’s working and it looks normal. We are thrilled, but we don’t know what tomorrow will bring us. This has never been done before,” Barkley Griffith, who led the transplant team, told the New York Times. While it’s only been five days since the operation, the surgeons say that Bennett’s new pig heart was, so far, functioning as expected and his body wasn’t rejecting (排斥) the organ. They are still monitoring his condition closely. “I think it’s extremely exciting,” says Robert Montgomery, transplant surgeon and director of the NYU Langone Transplant Institute, who was not involved in Bennett’s operation. The result of the procedure was also personally meaningful for Montgomery, who received a heart transplant in 2018 due to a genetic disease that may also affect members of his family in the future. “It’s still in the early days, but still the heart seems to be functioning. And that in and of itself is an extraordinary thing. Up to now most experimental heart transplant procedures have been done between pigs and other animals. This is the first time that surgeons have taken it into a living human.” 12. What do the words “a shot in the dark” underlined in Paragraph 3 mean? A. Something that costs a fortune. B. Something impossible to succeed. C. Something drawing public attention. D. Something with an uncertain outcome. 13. What is Barkley Griffith’s attitude to Bennett’s post-operation condition? A. Negative. B. Cautious. C. Optimistic. D. Uncaring. 14. What is the text mainly about? A. The heated debate over the pig heart transplant. B. David Bennett’s contribution to medical research. C. The first experimental pig heart transplant in the world. D. The first successful pig heart transplant into a living human. 15. In which section of a magazine may this text appear? A. Political Affairs. B. Global Entertainment. C. Sci-Tech Front. D. Financial Window. 写作 第一节 应用文写作 假如你是校学生会主席李华，在你校阅读月到来之际，为呼吁学生多读经典好书，请你以学生会的名义，为学校“英语天地”宣传栏写一封倡议书，内容包括： 1.读书的好处；2.推荐一本经典读物。 注意：1.词数80左右； 2.可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 Dear fellow students, _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ The Students’ Union 第二节 读后续写 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 A Perfect Match This story is a miracle. A dog, separated from her owner for many years, finally returned to her side. As an only child, Nicole Renae often felt lonely in her youth. But that all changed when she turned ten. For her birthday, Renae’s grandmother surprised her with an adorable gray puppy named Chloe. From the very start, the two were inseparable. “She was my best friend,” Renae says. Every ounce of love Renae gave, the little dog returned more. “She was such a sweet dog,” Renae says. “She’d lick your face forever if you didn’t stop her.” But when Renae was 14, her father got a new job that came with a piece of bad news; He’d be working from home, and the house needed to be free of audible (听得见的) distractions. “Chloe was very yappy (喜欢叫嚷的),” Renae says. “I was just a kid, so I didn’t have any choice in the matter. I didn’t want to get rid of my dog. I just felt so sick and sad about it.” With no easier option, the family surrendered Chloe to a humane society (动物保护协会). Though they were optimistic that the dog would find a new home with people who loved her, they couldn’t know for sure. “I called the humane society to try to find out what happened to her,” Renae says, “but they couldn’t tell me anything. So I never knew.” In time, Renae grew up, got married, and had a child of her own. But her family didn’t feel quite complete. Remembering the joy that having a dog had brought her as a kid, Renae wanted her daughter to experience the same. She had it in her mind that she would adopt a puppy, but then one day she saw a post on Facebook about a senior dog that needed a new home. The dog in the photograph looked a lot like Chloe—she was even named Chloe. In an instant it was decided: She would adopt this older dog. 注意： 1.续写词数应为150左右; 2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 When she met Chloe, Renae was struck with an amazing feeling. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ But her mom realized there was a way to test the theory; Their Chloe had been microchipped (植入芯片) as a puppy. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $