Unit 6 Entertainment and Friendship 动词不定式（单元核心语法精练）英语仁爱科普版九年级下册

Unit 6 Entertainment and Friendship 动词不定式 目录 A 考点概览·知识回顾 1 B 考点夯基·专项突破 1 一、单词拼写 2 二、完成句子 5 三、单项选择 6 C 综合攻坚·能力跃升 12 题型一 语法选择 12 题型二 语法填空 12 动词不定式 1.动词不定式的构成与特征 动词不定式不能在句中单独作谓语，其基本形式为“to＋动词原形”，否定形式为“not to＋动词原形”，在句中使用时具有名词、形容词或副词的特征。 2.动词不定式的基本用法 用法 说明 例句 作主语 ①当单个不定式作主语时，谓语动词用单数。 ②为了保持句子的平衡，通常用it作形式主语，而把真正的主语——不定式（短语）放在后面。 ①To admit his mistake is not easy for him. 要他承认错误对他来说是不容易的。 ②It’s very nice of you to help me with my English. 你帮助我学英语，你真是太好了。 作表语 不定式可以用在系动词后作表语，通常表示愿望、责任、义务等。 His wish is to become a musician. 他的愿望是当一名音乐家。 作宾语 补足语 ①常在“动词＋宾语＋不定式”结构中使用。常见此类动词有advise， allow， ask， encourage， force， help， invite， order， teach， tell， warn， wish， want/would like， expect， get等。 ②在表示感官及使役等意义的动词后，要用不带to的不定式作补语。常见的此类动词有：一感（feel）、二听（hear，listen）、三让（let，make，have）、四看（look，see，notice， watch）。help后用带to或不带to的不定式均可。 ①His mother warns him not to play computer games anymore. 他的妈妈警告他不要再玩电脑游戏了。 ②They heard him sing a song in the meeting room. 他们听见他在会议室唱了一首歌。 作定语 不定式（短语）作定语时，应放在被修饰的名词或代词之后。 He was the first to come to the classroom. 他是第一个来到教室的人。 作状语 不定式可作目的状语、结果状语和原因状语。 ①He returned home to see what happened. 他返回家去看发生了什么。（目的状语） ②She opened the box to find it empty. 她打开盒子，结果却发现它是空的。（结果状语） ③I’m glad to see you. 见到你很高兴。（原因状语） 【拓展】 1.当有两个并列不定式作宾补时，后一个不定式往往省略to。如： The boss asked Tim to go and find out if there was anyone else absent. （2016河南29题） 2.省略to的常见句型： ①Why not do sth.？ ＝ Why don’t you do sth.？ 为什么不……呢？ ②Could/Would/Will you please （not） do sth.？ 你可以（不）做……吗？ ③had better （not） do sth. 最好（不要）做某事 ④would rather do A than do B 宁愿做A也不愿做B ⑤let’s do sth. 让我们做某事吧。 ⑥prefer to do...rather than do... 宁愿做……而不愿做…… 3.含动词不定式的特殊句型（2022.68考查）： ①It takes/took sb. some time to do sth. 做某事花费某人多长时间。（2022.68） ②It’s one’s turn to do sth. 轮到某人做某事。 ③It’s time to do sth. 到做某事的时间了。 ④adj.＋enough to do sth. 足够……做某事 ⑤too...to... 太……而不能…… 易错提醒：非谓语和祈使句的辨析 若逗号后无连词，直接跟一个句子，则前半句用非谓语动词；若有逗号，且逗号后有and或or等并列连词，则前半句为祈使句。 如：①To catch the early bus， Lucy got up very early today. 为了赶上早班公交车，露西今天早上起得很早。 ②Hurry up， or we will miss the train. 快点儿，否则我们就赶不上火车了。 一、单词拼写 1．The (couple) dream of opening a small shop finally came true last month. 【答案】couple’s 【详解】句意：这对夫妇想开一家小店的梦想终于在上个月实现了。dream在句中作主语，因此是名词，此处应用所有格修饰名词dream，表示“这对夫妇的梦想”。故填couple’s。 2．Do you have anything (value) in your backpack? 【答案】valuable 【详解】句意：你的背包里有什么贵重物品吗？根据“anything”可知，此处指任何贵重的东西，空处需要形容词作后置定语，value的形容词是valuable，意为“贵重的”，符合语境。故填valuable。 3．Linda is drawing a beautiful horse on the blackboard with a c (粉笔). 【答案】(c)halk 【详解】句意：Linda正在黑板上用一支粉笔画一匹漂亮的马。根据首字母及汉语提示可知，chalk意为“粉笔”，冠词a后跟名词单数。故填(c)halk。 4．The young (direct) tearfully thanked her crew while holding the Golden Globe. 【答案】director 【详解】句意：这位年轻导演手捧金球奖的时候含泪感谢她的团队。根据“... thanked her crew”可知，这里指人，“direct”的名词形式“director”意为导演，此处表示特指。故填director。 5．I look forward to e gifts with my friends because I like surprises from others. 【答案】(e)xchanging 【详解】句意：我盼望与朋友们交换礼物，因为我喜欢别人送来的惊喜。根据“I like surprises from others”可知此处是指交换礼物，exchange“交换”，look forward to doing“期待做某事”。故填(e)xchanging。 6．We trust our dad because he does everything as he p (承诺). 【答案】(p)romises 【详解】句意：我们信任我们的父亲，因为他总是按照他所承诺的那样去做每一件事。promise“承诺”，这里是动词。根据does可知，时态是一般现在时，主语是第三人称单数，动词用单三。故填(p)romises。 7．I have no money at p . But I’m sure I’ll make much money in the future. 【答案】(p)resent 【详解】句意：我现在没有钱。但我相信我将来会赚很多钱。根据“But I’m sure I’ll make much money in the future.”以及首字母提示，此处是说现在没有钱，at present“目前，现在”符合题意，是固定搭配。故填(p)resent。 8．Angela is good at singing. She will be a singer. (possible) 【答案】possibly 【详解】句意：安吉拉擅长唱歌。她可能会成为一名歌手。possible是形容词，此处使用其副词形式possibly“可能地”，修饰动词be。故填possibly。 9．The good life doesn’t depend on w (财富), but on whether we feel happy. 【答案】(w)ealth 【详解】句意：美好的生活不在于财富，而在于我们是否感到快乐。根据汉语提示“财富”及单词首字母w可知，其对应的英文表达是wealth。故填(w)ealth。 10．You’d better face the challenges bravely run away from them.(而不是) 【答案】rather than 【详解】句意：你最好勇敢地面对挑战，而不是逃避它们。rather than do sth“而不是做某事”固定搭配，故填rather than。 11．It’s a c (习俗) to give kids lucky money in China. 【答案】(c)ustom 【详解】句意：在中国，给孩子们压岁钱是一种习俗。根据汉语提示“习俗”及首字母可知，此处应用custom，意为“习俗”，可数名词，此处用于句中作表语，且空前有不定冠词a，所以用其单数形式。故填(c)ustom。 12．The books gives a g (大体的) introduction about the writer. 【答案】(g)eneral 【详解】句意：这本书对作者做了一个大体的介绍。general“大体的”，形容词作定语，修饰名词“introduction”，表示“大体的介绍”。故填(g)eneral。 13．Remember to be (thank) to the people who have helped you. 【答案】thankful 【详解】句意：记得对那些帮助过你的人要心怀感激。thankful“感激的”，作表语。故填thankful。 14．Put your things here and then you won’t lose them (easy). 【答案】easily 【详解】句意：把你的东西放在这里，这样你就不会轻易丢失了。这里用副词修饰动词，easy“容易的”副词形式easily“容易地”。故填easily。 15．Tony has found a new job and is considering (move) to a new apartment near his company (公司). 【答案】moving 【详解】句意：托尼找到了一份新工作，正在考虑搬到公司附近的新公寓。根据“considering”可知，横线处需填动名词作宾语，move“搬动”，动词，其动名词形式为moving。consider doing sth.“考虑做某事”。故填moving。 16．The team put on a good show in those (compete). 【答案】competitions 【详解】句意：这支队伍在那些比赛中表现得很出色。根据空前those“那些”可知，此处是指在那些比赛中，应用compete的名词复数形式competitions“比赛”。故填competitions。 17．AI (人工智能 ) has entered various fields of s to serve humans, such as AI police. It has played an important role in detecting, preventing and solving crimes. 【答案】(s)ociety 【详解】句意：人工智能已经进入了社会的各个领域来服务人类，例如人工智能警察。它已经在侦测、预防和解决犯罪方面扮演了重要的角色。根据“has entered various fields of s...”可知此处指社会的各个领域，society“社会”，故填(s)ociety。 18．The young amazed everyone with her powerful performance. (act) 【答案】actress 【详解】句意：这位年轻女演员的出色表演让所有人都大吃一惊。空处缺少名词作主语，结合“her”和备选词，此处指“女演员”，actress“女演员”，可数名词，此处应用单数形式。故填actress。 19．The Changjiang River is the third (long) river in the world. 【答案】longest 【详解】句意：长江是世界上第三长的河流。long长的，形容词。根据题干中“the third...river in the world”可知，此处应用形容词最高级，表示“第三长的”，long的最高级为longest，故填longest。 20．Jack spent more than twenty (pound) on the gift. 【答案】pounds 【详解】句意：杰克在这份礼物上花了二十多英镑。pound“英镑”，名词。根据空前“twenty”可知，本题应使用pound的复数形式pounds。故填pounds。 二、完成句子 1．这是多么有教育意义的讲座啊！我们学到了很多。 the lecture was! We have learned a lot. 【答案】 How educational 【详解】根据中英文可知，How“多么”，educational“有教育意义的”，此处为How引导的感叹句结构，How+形容词+主语+谓语！故填How；educational。 2．他可能及时来这里，不过我不能确定。 He may get here , but I’m not sure. 【答案】 in time 【详解】结合中英文提示，此处缺“及时”，其对应的英文表达为“in time”，为介词短语。故填in；time。 3．我们应该互相信任，而不是互相猜疑。 We should believe in each other doubt each other. 【答案】 rather than 【详解】对比中英文可知，空处缺少“而不是”的翻译，英文表达为rather than，故填rather；than。 4．我将要培养一项爱好，像跳舞或滑冰。 I will a hobby dancing or skating. 【答案】 take up like 【详解】take up a hobby“培养一种爱好”，will后跟动词原形；like“像”，为介词。故填take；up；like。 5．这是多么感人的画面啊！ scene it was! 【答案】 What a moving 【详解】分析句子，此句是感叹句，空格处填“多么感人的”。“感人的”译成：moving。英语的感叹句由“what或how”引导，what后面跟名词，其构成是what+（a/an）+形容词+名词+主谓！how后面跟形容词或副词，其构成是how+形容词/副词+主谓！由“scene”可知此句是what引导的感叹句，moving是以辅音音素开头的单词，冠词用a。故填What；a；moving。 6．你的包里有贵重物品吗? Do you have in your bag? 【答案】anything valuable 【详解】分析中文提示可知，句中缺少“贵重物品”的英文表达，形容词valuable“贵重的”修饰不定代词时，需置于其后，一般疑问句中常用anything“任何事物”。故填anything valuable。 7．地震来得很突然，幸好没有人受伤。 The earthquake happened , but luckily nobody got hurt. 【答案】all of a sudden 【详解】根据中英文对照可知，空处缺少“突然”all of a sudden，固定搭配。故填all of a sudden。 8．最后，妈妈别无选择只能承诺帮助他。 Finally, mum to help him. 【答案】had no choice but to promise 【详解】根据句意可知，此处的固定搭配have no choice but to do“别无选择只能做某事”；承诺promise；结合语境可知，此处应用一般过去时，动词应用过去式。故填had no choice but to promise。 9．首先，你应当放下那本书。 , you should put down that book. 【答案】 First of all 【详解】根据中英文对照可知，缺少“首先”，first of all“首先”，介词短语，置于句首，首字母应该大写。故填First；of；all。 10．读书活动太有教育意义了，以至于越来越多的学生加入到了活动中。 The reading activity more and more students took part in the activity. 【答案】was so educational that 【详解】根据中英文对照，so...that...“如此……以至于……”，引导结果状语从句；educational“有教育意义的”，形容词。主语是单数，be动词用单数形式，结合后句可知句子是一般过去时，be动词用过去式was。故填was so educational that。 三、单项选择 1．Parents always expect their children _______ progress day by day. A．make B．to make C．making D．makes 【答案】B 【详解】句意：父母总是期望自己的孩子能日复一日地取得进步。考查非谓语动词。expect sb to do sth“期待某人去做某事”，此空应填动词不定式，故选B。 2．—Why are students encouraged to take part in more social activities? — Not surprisingly, ________ social skills. A．develop B．to develop C．developing 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——为什么鼓励学生多参加社会活动？——不出意料，是为了培养社交技能。考查非谓语动词。根据“Why are students encouraged to take part in more social activities?”可知，这里是回答鼓励学生参加活动的原因，用to do不定式表示目的。故选B。 3．My parents often tell me ______ late for school. A．don’t be B．not be C．not to be D．to not be 【答案】C 【详解】句意：我父母经常告诉我上学不要迟到。考查非谓语动词用法。tell sb. not to do sth.表示“告诉某人不要做某事”，固定搭配。故选C。 4．Open online courses allow students all over the country ________ lessons at any time, from anywhere. A．to attend B．attend C．attending 【答案】A 【详解】句意：在线开放课程允许全国各地的学生随时随地听课。考查非谓语动词。根据语境可知，此处是allow sb. to do sth.的结构，表示“允许某人做某事”，所以此处应该用不定式作宾语补足语。故选A。 5．—Look! There are some students ________ basketball on the playground. —Yes. I often see them ________ basketball there. A．play, play B．playing, play C．to play, playing 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——看！操场上有一些学生在打篮球。——是的。我经常看到他们在那里打篮球。考查非谓语动词。there be sb. doing sth.“有某人正在做某事”，第一个空应填现在分词。根据“often see”可知，此处用see sb. do sth.表示“看见某人做某事”，强调整个过程，故选B。 6．—Our parents often tell us not ______ with strangers on the internet. —That’s true. As teenagers, we should learn to protect ourselves. A．to talk B．talking C．talk 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——我们的父母经常告诉我们不要在网上和陌生人交谈。——确实如此。作为青少年，我们应该学会保护自己。考查动词不定式用法。tell sb. not to do sth. 是固定搭配，表示“告诉某人不要做某事”，因此空格处需填入动词不定式形式。选项中只有A项（to talk）符合语法结构，故选A。 7．—Can you tell me why Tao Yuanming’s works are popular? —His works allow us ______a close understanding of the nature. A．have B．had C．having D．to have 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——你能告诉我为什么陶渊明的作品受欢迎吗？——他的作品让我们能够深入了解自然。   考查非谓语动词。have动词原形；had过去式/过去分词；having现在分词；to have动词不定式形式。allow sb. to do sth.是固定短语，意为“允许某人做某事”，强调通过某种条件或方式使某人能够做某事。to have符合语境。故选D。 8．The teacher asked us ________ quietly in the library. A．speak B．spoke C．speaking D．to speak 【答案】D 【详解】句意：老师要求我们在图书馆轻声地说话。考查动词不定式。speak说，动词原形；spoke过去式；speaking现在分词或动名词；to speak动词不定式。ask sb. to do sth.表示“要求某人做某事”，所以空处需用动词不定式。故选D。 9．—Why didn’t you hang out with us? —I was made ________ with chores at home. A．help B．to help C．helped D．helping 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——你为什么不和我们一起玩？——我被迫在家帮忙做家务。考查非谓语动词。be made to do sth意为“被迫做某事”。故选B。 10．He is too fat. He has decided ________ more exercise to keep healthy. A．take B．taking C．to take 【答案】C 【详解】句意：他太胖了。他已经决定做更多的运动来保持健康。考查动词非谓语。根据“He has decided...more exercise to keep healthy.”可知，此处是固定搭配“decide to do sth.”，表示“决定做某事”，所以此处要用动词不定式“to take”作宾语。故选C。 11．—I’m sorry I _______ my homework at home. —Don’t forget _______ it to school tomorrow. A．left; to bring B．forgot; to take C．left; bringing D．forgot; taking 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——很抱歉，我把作业落在家里了。 ——明天别忘了把它带到学校来。考查非谓语动词。leave“遗留”；forget“忘记”；bring“带来”；take“拿走”。第一空，根据“… my homework at home”可知，此处是指把作业落在家里了，考查leave sth.+地点“把某物落在某地”，固定搭配，leave的过去式为left，排除B和D；第二空，根据“Don’t forget … it to school tomorrow.”可知，此处是指不要忘记明天把它带到学校，是还没做的事，考查forget to do sth.“忘记去做某事”，固定搭配，应用动词不定式to bring，排除C。故选A。 12．If you expect ________ the competition, you must put your heart into training every day. A．win B．to win C．winning D．won 【答案】B 【详解】句意：如果你想要赢得比赛，就必须每天全心投入训练。考查非谓语动词。expect to do sth.“期望做某事”，动词短语，此处应用动词不定式作宾语。故选B。 13．We often hear the girl ________ in the next room. A．sing B．to sing C．singing D．sings 【答案】A 【详解】句意：我们经常听到这个女孩在隔壁房间唱歌。 考查非谓语动词。根据“often”可知，hear在这里表示“听到整个过程”，常用结构hear sb. do sth.“听到某人做某事”，强调动作的完成性、经常性。故选A。 14．People are cutting down trees for wood ________ space for farming. A．make B．makes C．made D．to make 【答案】D 【详解】句意：人们正在为了木材砍伐树木，为农业腾出空间。 考查非谓语动词。根据“People are cutting down trees for wood…space for farming”的语境可知，此处表示目的，用不定式结构，D项符合。故选D。 15．_______ online scams, police, banks and tech businesses need to work together more. A．Fight B．Fighting C．To fight D．Fought 【答案】C 【详解】句意：为了打击网络诈骗行为，警方、银行和科技企业需要加强合作。考查非谓语动词。根据“police, banks and tech businesses need to work together more.”可知，警方、银行和科技企业需要加强合作的目的是为了打击网络诈骗行为，故此处用动词不定式表目的。故选C。 16．We can’t afford ________ any longer, or we’ll miss the plane. A．waiting B．to wait C．waited D．wait 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我们不能再等了，否则我们就会错过我们的飞机。 考查动词不定式作宾语。waiting等待，现在分词；to wait等待，动词不定式；waited等待，动词过去式；wait等待，动词原形。根据“We can’t afford...any longer, or we’ll miss the plane.”可知，此处考查固定搭配：can’t afford to do sth.“无法承担做某事”。故选B。 17．The old man warned the children ________ in the deep river because it was too dangerous. A．don’t swim B．to not swim C．not to swim D．didn’t swim 【答案】C 【详解】句意：老人警告孩子们不要在深河里游泳，因为那太危险了。考查非谓语动词。don’t swim不要游泳，谓语动词形式；to not swim错误结构；not to swim不要游泳，动词不定式否定式；didn’t swim不要游泳，谓语动词过去式。根据“warned the children…”可知，这里是warn sb not to do sth表示 “警告某人不要做某事”，not to swim符合语境。故选C。 18．The police officer ran into the room ________ a little girl. A．to save B．save C．saving D．saved 【答案】A 【详解】句意：警察跑进房间救了一个小女孩。考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知，“警察跑进房间”的目的是“救一个小女孩”，表示目的用动词不定式。故选A。 19．Nowadays more and more farmers learn ________ their fruits through Douyin. A．sell B．to sell C．selling 【答案】B 【详解】句意：现在越来越多的农民学习通过抖音卖他们的水果。考查动词不定式。sell卖，动词原形；to sell动词不定式；selling动词的现在分词形式。根据“learn”可知，learn to do sth意为“学习做某事”，固定短语。故选B。 20．—What else should we pay attention to ________ our grades during the exam? —Thinking and writing more carefully. A．improving B．to improve C．improve D．improved 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——为了在考试期间提高我们成绩，我们还应该注意什么？——认真思考和书写。考查非谓语动词。根据“What else should we pay attention to...our grades during the exam?”可知，此处表示为了在考试期间提高我们成绩，我们还应该注意什么，应用动词不定式作目的状语。故选B。 题型一 语法选择 Do you sometimes feel lonely? Here 1 some advice for all the kids. It’s hard 2 a best friend isn’t around. Maybe when she/ he moves to a 3 school, you may feel lonely at break. You want 4 new friends. But 5 do you make them? Maybe everybody 6 their friends. But there’s always room for more friends. Look around your classroom. And think about who you’d like to play 7 at break. Look for chances 8 hi to them, smile, and be friendly. Offer to help them when they are in trouble. Invite somebody 9 with you or say “Do you want to sit here?” in the dinning hall. Say “Hi, can I play, 10 ?” or just join in. If you have difficulty 11 this, ask your teachers for help. Teachers are usually 12 at matching up friends. The best way to make friends is to be 13 friend. Be kind, say nice things and help others. Soon you 14 more new friends. You might still miss that special best friend. But when you meet each other again, you 15 talk about something you didn’t have before she/ he left. You can introduce her/ him to your new friends 1． A．is B．are C．was D．Were 2．A．when B．unless C．until D．although 3．A．differ B．difference C．different D．differently 4．A．have B．to have C．having D．to having 5．A．what B．when C．why D．how 6．A．has B．have C．had D．having 7．A．for B．with C．on D．to 8．A．say B．to say C．saying D．to saying 9．A．play B．to play C．playing D．played 10．A．either B．also C．neither D．too 11．A．do B．did C．doing D．done 12．A．well B．good C．better D．best 13．A．a B．an C．the D．/ 14．A．have B．had C．will have D．have had 15．A．must B．can C．need D．would 【答案】 1．A 2．A 3．C 4．B 5．D 56．A 7．B 8．B 9．B 10．D 11．C 12．B 13．A 14．C 15．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，指导孩子如何应对孤独并结交新朋友，强调主动和友善的重要性。 1．句意：这里有一些给所有孩子的建议。 is是，单数；are复数；was是，is的过去式；were是，are的过去式。主语“some advice”为不可数名词，谓语用单数，且为一般现在时。故选A。 2．句意：当最好的朋友不在身边时很艰难。 when当……时；unless除非；until直到；although虽然。空缺处需引导时间状语从句，表示“当朋友不在身边时”。故选A。 3．句意：当朋友转到一所不同的学校时，你可能会在休息时感到孤独。 differ不同，动词；difference不同，名词；different不同的，形容词；differently不同地，副词。修饰名词“school”需形容词。故选C。 4．句意：你想要交新朋友。 have拥有；to have动词不定式；having现在分词或动名词；to having介宾形式。want to do sth.为固定搭配。故选B。 5．句意：但你该如何结交他们呢？ what什么；when什么时候；why为什么；how如何。根据后文具体方法可知询问方式。故选D。 6．句意：可能每个人都有朋友。 has拥有，三单形式；have动词原形；had动词过去式；having现在分词或动名词。主语“everybody”为单数，谓语需三单形式。故选A。 7．句意：想想课间你想和谁一起玩。 for为了；with和……一起；on在……上面；to朝。play with sb.为固定搭配。故选B。 8．句意：寻找机会向他们问好、微笑和表示友好。 say说；动词原形；to say动词不定式；saying现在分词或动名词；to saying介宾。look for chances to do sth.为固定搭配，意为“寻找机会做某事”。故选B。 9．句意：邀请某人一起玩耍或者在餐厅说“你想坐在这里吗？” play玩耍；动词原形；to play动词不定式；playing现在分词或动名词；played过去式或过去分词。invite sb. to do为固定搭配。故选B。 10．句意：“嗨，我能一起玩吗？” either也，用于否定句中；also也，用于句中；neither两者都不，表示否定；too也，用在句末。此处为疑问句，用在句末。故选D。 11．句意：如果你做这件事有困难，向老师们寻求帮助。 do做，动词原形；did动词过去式；doing动名词；done过去分词。have difficulty (in) doing为固定搭配。故选C。 12．句意：老师通常擅长匹配朋友。 well好，副词，good好的，形容词；better更好的；best最好的。系动词“are”后接形容词作表语。此处无比较语境。故选B。 13．句意：最好的交友方式是成为一个朋友。 a/an一个，表示泛指，a用在辅音音素开头的单词前；an用在元音音素的单词前；the表示特指；/不填。泛指“一个朋友”，“friend”以辅音音素开头。故选A。 14．句意：很快你就会有更多新朋友。 have拥有；动词原形；had有，过去式；will have一般将来时；have had现在完成时。根据“soon”可知，用一般将来时。故选C。 15．句意：但当你们再次见到彼此时，你们可以聊些她/他离开前没有的事。 must必须；can可以；need需要；would将。此处表示表能力或可能性。故选B。 题型二 语法填空 阅读短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或用括号里所给单词的适当形式填空。请将答案填写在答题纸指定位置。 Liu Ruying, whose grandfather is a huge fan of Peking Opera, 1 (be) interested in Peking Opera since she was young. Her grandfather has a great influence 2 her. At the age of 8, she began to practice the classic art. It wasn’t easy for a little girl 3 (experience) the difficult training, as the performances include art, dancing and something else. “Sometimes I was 4 (tiring).” she said, “I had to balance my studies and other courses I took, such as dancing. 5 the great charm (魅力) of Peking Opera made me always practice it.” When Liu got the news that her school would have a cultural exchange with other countries, she shouted 6 (happy) and she had the idea of introducing Peking Opera to the world in English. So she practiced for several 7 (month) to get ready for it. Finally, with 8 help of her parents, friends and teachers, she got the chance. “I love traditional Chinese culture.” she said, “Peking Opera has a long history of about 200 years and 9 (consider) as a treasure of our nation. We should let 10 (we) make great efforts to carry forward our culture and protect the cultural diversity of the world.” 【答案】 1．has been 2．on 3．to experience 4．tired 5．But 6．happily 7．months 8．the 9．is considered 10．ourselves 【导语】本文主要讲述了刘汝英受祖父影响自幼爱京剧，虽训练刻苦但仍坚持联系，在得知学校有国际文化交流活动后，以英语推广京剧，传承传统文化。 1．句意：刘汝英受祖父影响，自幼对京剧感兴趣。根据“since she was young”可知，句子是现在完成时，结构为“have/has+过去分词”，主语“Liu Ruying”是第三人称单数，“be”的过去分词为“been”。故填has been。 2．句意：她的祖父对她影响很大。“have a great influence on sb.”是固定短语，意为“对某人有很大影响”。故填on。 3．句意：对一个小女孩来说，经历艰苦的训练并不容易，因为京剧表演涵盖艺术、舞蹈及其他方面内容。“It+be+形容词+for sb.+to do sth.” 是固定句型，意为“对某人来说做某事是…… 的”，这里“it”作形式主语，真正主语是后面的不定式。故填to experience。 4．句意：“有时我会感到疲惫。”她说，“我得平衡学业和我参加的其他课程，比如舞蹈。但京剧的巨大魅力让我一直坚持练习。”。提示词“tiring” 常用来形容“（事物）令人疲惫的”；“tired”用来形容“（人）感到疲惫的”，这里主语是“I”，是“人”。故填tired。 5．句意：“有时我会感到疲惫。”她说，“我得平衡学业和我参加的其他课程，比如舞蹈。但京剧的巨大魅力让我一直坚持练习。”。前文说平衡学业和课程不容易，后文说京剧魅力让她坚持，前后是转折关系，句首首字母大写。故填But。 6．句意：当刘汝英得知学校将与其他国家开展文化交流活动时，她开心地呼喊起来，还产生了用英语向世界介绍京剧的想法。修饰动词 “shouted”要用副词，“happy”是形容词，其副词形式是“happily”。故填happily。 7．句意：于是，她进行了数月的练习来为此次交流做准备。“several”后接可数名词复数，“month”的复数是“months”。故填months。 8．句意：最终，在父母、朋友和老师的帮助下，她获得了这个机会。“with the help of...”是固定短语，意为“在…… 的帮助下”。故填the。 9．句意：“我热爱中国传统文化。”她说，“京剧有着约200年的悠久历史，被视为我们国家的瑰宝。我们应该尽自己所能，弘扬我们的文化，保护世界文化多样性。”。“Peking Opera”和“consider”之间是被动关系，即“京剧被看作……”，且这里是陈述客观事实，用一般现在时的被动语态，结构是“be+过去分词”，主语是单数，be用“is”，提示词“consider”的过去分词为“considered”。故填is considered。 10．句意：“我热爱中国传统文化。”她说，“京剧有着约200年的悠久历史，被视为我们国家的瑰宝。我们应该尽自己所能，弘扬我们的文化，保护世界文化多样性。”。根据语境可知，这里强调“我们自己”努力弘扬我们的传统文化，应用提示词“we” 的反身代词“ourselves” 。故填ourselves。 1 / 12 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 6 Entertainment and Friendship 动词不定式 目录 A 考点概览·知识回顾 1 B 考点夯基·专项突破 1 一、单词拼写 2 二、完成句子 5 三、单项选择 6 C 综合攻坚·能力跃升 12 题型一 语法选择 12 题型二 语法填空 12 动词不定式 1.动词不定式的构成与特征 动词不定式不能在句中单独作谓语，其基本形式为“to＋动词原形”，否定形式为“not to＋动词原形”，在句中使用时具有名词、形容词或副词的特征。 2.动词不定式的基本用法 用法 说明 例句 作主语 ①当单个不定式作主语时，谓语动词用单数。 ②为了保持句子的平衡，通常用it作形式主语，而把真正的主语——不定式（短语）放在后面。 ①To admit his mistake is not easy for him. 要他承认错误对他来说是不容易的。 ②It’s very nice of you to help me with my English. 你帮助我学英语，你真是太好了。 作表语 不定式可以用在系动词后作表语，通常表示愿望、责任、义务等。 His wish is to become a musician. 他的愿望是当一名音乐家。 作宾语 补足语 ①常在“动词＋宾语＋不定式”结构中使用。常见此类动词有advise， allow， ask， encourage， force， help， invite， order， teach， tell， warn， wish， want/would like， expect， get等。 ②在表示感官及使役等意义的动词后，要用不带to的不定式作补语。常见的此类动词有：一感（feel）、二听（hear，listen）、三让（let，make，have）、四看（look，see，notice， watch）。help后用带to或不带to的不定式均可。 ①His mother warns him not to play computer games anymore. 他的妈妈警告他不要再玩电脑游戏了。 ②They heard him sing a song in the meeting room. 他们听见他在会议室唱了一首歌。 作定语 不定式（短语）作定语时，应放在被修饰的名词或代词之后。 He was the first to come to the classroom. 他是第一个来到教室的人。 作状语 不定式可作目的状语、结果状语和原因状语。 ①He returned home to see what happened. 他返回家去看发生了什么。（目的状语） ②She opened the box to find it empty. 她打开盒子，结果却发现它是空的。（结果状语） ③I’m glad to see you. 见到你很高兴。（原因状语） 【拓展】 1.当有两个并列不定式作宾补时，后一个不定式往往省略to。如： The boss asked Tim to go and find out if there was anyone else absent. （2016河南29题） 2.省略to的常见句型： ①Why not do sth.？ ＝ Why don’t you do sth.？ 为什么不……呢？ ②Could/Would/Will you please （not） do sth.？ 你可以（不）做……吗？ ③had better （not） do sth. 最好（不要）做某事 ④would rather do A than do B 宁愿做A也不愿做B ⑤let’s do sth. 让我们做某事吧。 ⑥prefer to do...rather than do... 宁愿做……而不愿做…… 3.含动词不定式的特殊句型（2022.68考查）： ①It takes/took sb. some time to do sth. 做某事花费某人多长时间。（2022.68） ②It’s one’s turn to do sth. 轮到某人做某事。 ③It’s time to do sth. 到做某事的时间了。 ④adj.＋enough to do sth. 足够……做某事 ⑤too...to... 太……而不能…… 易错提醒：非谓语和祈使句的辨析 若逗号后无连词，直接跟一个句子，则前半句用非谓语动词；若有逗号，且逗号后有and或or等并列连词，则前半句为祈使句。 如：①To catch the early bus， Lucy got up very early today. 为了赶上早班公交车，露西今天早上起得很早。 ②Hurry up， or we will miss the train. 快点儿，否则我们就赶不上火车了。 一、单词拼写 1．The (couple) dream of opening a small shop finally came true last month. 2．Do you have anything (value) in your backpack? 3．Linda is drawing a beautiful horse on the blackboard with a c (粉笔). 4．The young (direct) tearfully thanked her crew while holding the Golden Globe. 5．I look forward to e gifts with my friends because I like surprises from others. 6．We trust our dad because he does everything as he p (承诺). 7．I have no money at p . But I’m sure I’ll make much money in the future. 8．Angela is good at singing. She will be a singer. (possible) 9．The good life doesn’t depend on w (财富), but on whether we feel happy. 10．You’d better face the challenges bravely run away from them.(而不是) 11．It’s a c (习俗) to give kids lucky money in China. 12．The books gives a g (大体的) introduction about the writer. 13．Remember to be (thank) to the people who have helped you. 14．Put your things here and then you won’t lose them (easy). 15．Tony has found a new job and is considering (move) to a new apartment near his company (公司). 16．The team put on a good show in those (compete). 17．AI (人工智能 ) has entered various fields of s to serve humans, such as AI police. It has played an important role in detecting, preventing and solving crimes. 18．The young amazed everyone with her powerful performance. (act) 19．The Changjiang River is the third (long) river in the world. 20．Jack spent more than twenty (pound) on the gift. 二、完成句子 1．这是多么有教育意义的讲座啊！我们学到了很多。 the lecture was! We have learned a lot. 2．他可能及时来这里，不过我不能确定。 He may get here , but I’m not sure. 3．我们应该互相信任，而不是互相猜疑。 We should believe in each other doubt each other. 4．我将要培养一项爱好，像跳舞或滑冰。 I will a hobby dancing or skating. 5．这是多么感人的画面啊！ scene it was! 6．你的包里有贵重物品吗? Do you have in your bag? 7．地震来得很突然，幸好没有人受伤。 The earthquake happened , but luckily nobody got hurt. 8．最后，妈妈别无选择只能承诺帮助他。 Finally, mum to help him. 9．首先，你应当放下那本书。 , you should put down that book. 10．读书活动太有教育意义了，以至于越来越多的学生加入到了活动中。 The reading activity more and more students took part in the activity. 三、单项选择 1．Parents always expect their children _______ progress day by day. A．make B．to make C．making D．makes 2．—Why are students encouraged to take part in more social activities? — Not surprisingly, ________ social skills. A．develop B．to develop C．developing 3．My parents often tell me ______ late for school. A．don’t be B．not be C．not to be D．to not be 4．Open online courses allow students all over the country ________ lessons at any time, from anywhere. A．to attend B．attend C．attending 5．—Look! There are some students ________ basketball on the playground. —Yes. I often see them ________ basketball there. A．play, play B．playing, play C．to play, playing 6．—Our parents often tell us not ______ with strangers on the internet. —That’s true. As teenagers, we should learn to protect ourselves. A．to talk B．talking C．talk 7．—Can you tell me why Tao Yuanming’s works are popular? —His works allow us ______a close understanding of the nature. A．have B．had C．having D．to have 8．The teacher asked us ________ quietly in the library. A．speak B．spoke C．speaking D．to speak 9．—Why didn’t you hang out with us? —I was made ________ with chores at home. A．help B．to help C．helped D．helping 10．He is too fat. He has decided ________ more exercise to keep healthy. A．take B．taking C．to take 11．—I’m sorry I _______ my homework at home. —Don’t forget _______ it to school tomorrow. A．left; to bring B．forgot; to take C．left; bringing D．forgot; taking 12．If you expect ________ the competition, you must put your heart into training every day. A．win B．to win C．winning D．won 13．We often hear the girl ________ in the next room. A．sing B．to sing C．singing D．sings 14．People are cutting down trees for wood ________ space for farming. A．make B．makes C．made D．to make 15．_______ online scams, police, banks and tech businesses need to work together more. A．Fight B．Fighting C．To fight D．Fought 16．We can’t afford ________ any longer, or we’ll miss the plane. A．waiting B．to wait C．waited D．wait 17．The old man warned the children ________ in the deep river because it was too dangerous. A．don’t swim B．to not swim C．not to swim D．didn’t swim 18．The police officer ran into the room ________ a little girl. A．to save B．save C．saving D．saved 19．Nowadays more and more farmers learn ________ their fruits through Douyin. A．sell B．to sell C．selling 20．—What else should we pay attention to ________ our grades during the exam? —Thinking and writing more carefully. A．improving B．to improve C．improve D．improved 题型一 语法选择 Do you sometimes feel lonely? Here 1 some advice for all the kids. It’s hard 2 a best friend isn’t around. Maybe when she/ he moves to a 3 school, you may feel lonely at break. You want 4 new friends. But 5 do you make them? Maybe everybody 6 their friends. But there’s always room for more friends. Look around your classroom. And think about who you’d like to play 7 at break. Look for chances 8 hi to them, smile, and be friendly. Offer to help them when they are in trouble. Invite somebody 9 with you or say “Do you want to sit here?” in the dinning hall. Say “Hi, can I play, 10 ?” or just join in. If you have difficulty 11 this, ask your teachers for help. Teachers are usually 12 at matching up friends. The best way to make friends is to be 13 friend. Be kind, say nice things and help others. Soon you 14 more new friends. You might still miss that special best friend. But when you meet each other again, you 15 talk about something you didn’t have before she/ he left. You can introduce her/ him to your new friends 1． A．is B．are C．was D．Were 2．A．when B．unless C．until D．although 3．A．differ B．difference C．different D．differently 4．A．have B．to have C．having D．to having 5．A．what B．when C．why D．how 6．A．has B．have C．had D．having 7．A．for B．with C．on D．to 8．A．say B．to say C．saying D．to saying 9．A．play B．to play C．playing D．played 10．A．either B．also C．neither D．too 11．A．do B．did C．doing D．done 12．A．well B．good C．better D．best 13．A．a B．an C．the D．/ 14．A．have B．had C．will have D．have had 15．A．must B．can C．need D．would 题型二 语法填空 阅读短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或用括号里所给单词的适当形式填空。请将答案填写在答题纸指定位置。 Liu Ruying, whose grandfather is a huge fan of Peking Opera, 1 (be) interested in Peking Opera since she was young. Her grandfather has a great influence 2 her. At the age of 8, she began to practice the classic art. It wasn’t easy for a little girl 3 (experience) the difficult training, as the performances include art, dancing and something else. “Sometimes I was 4 (tiring).” she said, “I had to balance my studies and other courses I took, such as dancing. 5 the great charm (魅力) of Peking Opera made me always practice it.” When Liu got the news that her school would have a cultural exchange with other countries, she shouted 6 (happy) and she had the idea of introducing Peking Opera to the world in English. So she practiced for several 7 (month) to get ready for it. Finally, with 8 help of her parents, friends and teachers, she got the chance. “I love traditional Chinese culture.” she said, “Peking Opera has a long history of about 200 years and 9 (consider) as a treasure of our nation. We should let 10 (we) make great efforts to carry forward our culture and protect the cultural diversity of the world.” 1 / 12 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $