内容正文:
译林版 选修1 Unit 2 Working the land.词汇同步笔记
序号
单词
词形变化
派生词
核心考点
例句
1
plough vt. & vi. 犁(田),耕(地)n. 犁
动词过去式/过去分词:ploughed/plowed;名词复数:ploughs
ploughman n. 农夫;ploughing n. 耕种
1. plough the field(耕地)2. plough through(费力通过)
Farmers plough the fields in spring to prepare for planting.(农民春天耕地,为播种做准备。)
2
fertility n. 富饶,丰产
名词复数:fertilities
fertile adj. 肥沃的;fertilize v. 施肥
1. fertility of soil(土壤肥力)2. high fertility(高丰产率)
The fertility of the river valley makes it ideal for farming.(河谷的肥沃使其成为耕种的理想之地。)
3
collaboration n. 合作,协作;合作成果
名词复数:collaborations
collaborate v. 合作;collaborative adj. 合作的
1. in collaboration with(与……合作)2. academic collaboration(学术协作)
They completed the research in collaboration with overseas scholars.(他们与海外学者合作完成了这项研究。)
4
real time 实时,同时
无词形变化
无
1. in real time(实时)2. real time data(实时数据)
The app displays the traffic situation in real time.(这款应用实时显示交通状况。)
5
put sth to good use 有效使用
无词形变化
无
1. put knowledge to good use(有效运用知识)2. put resources to good use(合理利用资源)
We should put the waste materials to good use instead of throwing them away.(我们应该有效利用废料,而不是扔掉。)
6
minimize vt. 使减少到最低限度;降低,贬低;(尤指在计算机屏幕上)使最小化
过去式/过去分词:minimized
minimum adj. 最小的;minimization n. 最小化
1. minimize the risk(将风险降到最低)2. minimize losses(减少损失)
The company took measures to minimize the impact of the crisis.(公司采取措施将危机的影响降到最低。)
7
boast vt. & vi. 有(值得自豪的东西);自夸,自吹自擂
过去式/过去分词:boasted;名词复数:boasts
boastful adj. 自夸的;boastfully adv. 自夸地
1. boast of(吹嘘)2. boast about(夸耀)
This small town boasts a beautiful lake and ancient temples.(这个小镇拥有美丽的湖泊和古老的寺庙,颇值得自豪。)
8
diagnose vi. & vt. 判断(问题的原因),诊断(疾病)
过去式/过去分词:diagnosed
diagnosis n. 诊断;diagnostic adj. 诊断的
1. diagnose a disease(诊断疾病)2. diagnose the problem(判断问题原因)
The doctor diagnosed his symptoms as a mild infection.(医生诊断他的症状为轻度感染。)
9
moisture n. 潮气,水分
不可数名词
moist adj. 潮湿的;moisturize v. 保湿
1. moisture in the air(空气中的水分)2. retain moisture(保持水分)
Plants absorb moisture from the soil through their roots.(植物通过根部从土壤中吸收水分。)
10
pH n. pH 值(溶液或物质的酸碱度)
无词形变化
无
1. pH value(pH值)2. adjust the pH(调节酸碱度)
The pH of normal rainwater is around 5.6.(正常雨水的pH值约为5.6。)
11
fertilizer n. 肥料
名词复数:fertilizers
fertilize v. 施肥;fertilization n. 施肥
1. chemical fertilizer(化肥)2. organic fertilizer(有机肥)
Farmers apply fertilizer to improve crop growth.(农民施肥以促进作物生长。)
12
yield n. 产量,产出 vt. 出产(作物),产生(收益等);放弃,缴出 vi. 屈服,让步;变形,弯曲
过去式/过去分词:yielded;名词复数:yields
yielding adj. 易弯曲的;yieldable adj. 可屈服的
1. yield crops(产出作物)2. yield to pressure(屈服于压力)
The apple orchard yields thousands of kilograms of fruit every year.(这片苹果园每年产出数千公斤水果。)
13
simplify vt. 使简化,使简易
过去式/过去分词:simplified
simple adj. 简单的;simplicity n. 简洁
1. simplify the process(简化流程)2. simplify a problem(简化问题)
The teacher simplified the explanation to help students understand.(老师简化了解释,方便学生理解。)
14
algorithm n. 算法,计算程序
名词复数:algorithms
无
1. computer algorithm(计算机算法)2. search algorithm(搜索算法)
This app uses an intelligent algorithm to recommend movies.(这款应用采用智能算法推荐电影。)
15
spray vt. & vi. 喷,喷洒;向…扫射(或抛洒)n. 浪花,水花;喷剂;喷雾器
过去式/过去分词:sprayed;名词复数:sprays
sprayer n. 喷雾器;spraying n. 喷洒
1. spray water(喷水)2. spray with pesticide(喷洒杀虫剂)
She sprayed some water on the flowers to keep them fresh.(她给花喷了些水,保持新鲜。)
16
vertical adj. 竖的,垂直的;纵向的
比较级:more vertical;最高级:most vertical
vertically adv. 垂直地;verticality n. 垂直性
1. vertical line(垂直线)2. vertical direction(垂直方向)
The skyscraper has a vertical design that saves space.(这座摩天大楼采用垂直设计,节省空间。)
17
pesticide n. 杀虫剂
名词复数:pesticides
无
1. organic pesticide(有机杀虫剂)2. banned pesticide(禁用杀虫剂)
Overusing pesticides can pollute soil and water.(过量使用杀虫剂会污染土壤和水源。)
18
obstacle n. 障碍,阻碍;障碍物,绊脚石
名词复数:obstacles
obstacle-free adj. 无障碍的
1. overcome an obstacle(克服障碍)2. major obstacle(主要障碍)
Lack of experience is a big obstacle for young job seekers.(缺乏经验是年轻求职者的一大障碍。)
19
silt n. 泥沙,淤泥 vt. & vi. (使)淤塞
过去式/过去分词:silted;名词复数:silts
silty adj. 含淤泥的;siltation n. 淤塞
1. silt up(淤塞)2. river silt(河泥)
The old canal has silted up and can no longer be used.(这条旧运河已经淤塞,无法再使用。)
20
irrigation n. 灌溉
不可数名词
irrigate v. 灌溉;irrigational adj. 灌溉的
1. irrigation system(灌溉系统)2. drip irrigation(滴灌)
The farmers built a modern irrigation system for their crops.(农民为作物搭建了现代化的灌溉系统。)
21
soya bean n. 大豆
名词复数:soya beans
无
1. soya bean milk(豆浆)2. soya bean oil(大豆油)
Soya beans are a good source of plant protein.(大豆是优质的植物蛋白来源。)
22
abundance n. 大量,充裕
不可数名词
abundant adj. 丰富的;abundantly adv. 大量地
1. in abundance(大量地)2. abundance of(大量的)
There is an abundance of fresh seafood in coastal cities.(沿海城市有大量新鲜海鲜。)
23
flax n. 亚麻;亚麻纤维
不可数名词
flaxen adj. 亚麻色的;linen n. 亚麻布
1. flax seeds(亚麻籽)2. flax fabric(亚麻织物)
Flax is widely grown for its fibers and seeds.(亚麻因其纤维和种子被广泛种植。)
24
drip vt. & vi. 滴下;滴水;含有,充满 n. 水滴,滴液;滴落,滴水声;(静脉)滴注
过去式/过去分词:dripped;名词复数:drips
dripping adj. 滴水的;dripper n. 滴管
1. drip from(从……滴落)2. a drip of water(一滴水)
Rainwater dripped from the edge of the roof.(雨水从屋檐边缘滴落。)
25
pest n. 害虫,害鸟;讨厌的人(或物)
名词复数:pests
pest control(病虫害防治)
1. garden pests(花园害虫)2. pest infestation(害虫侵扰)
Birds help farmers by eating harmful pests in the fields.(鸟类通过捕食田间害虫帮助农民。)
26
downside n. 缺点,不利方面
名词复数:downsides
无
1. the downside of(……的缺点)2. potential downside(潜在不利因素)
The downside of working from home is lack of social interaction.(居家办公的缺点是缺乏社交互动。)
27
bee n. 蜜蜂
名词复数:bees
bee-keeper n. 养蜂人;honeybee n. 蜜蜂
1. honey bee(蜜蜂)2. bee colony(蜂群)
Bees play an important role in pollinating plants.(蜜蜂在植物授粉中扮演重要角色。)
28
the pros and cons 事物的利与弊
无词形变化
无
1. weigh the pros and cons(权衡利弊)2. discuss the pros and cons(讨论利弊)
Before choosing a major, you should weigh the pros and cons carefully.(选择专业前,你应该仔细权衡利弊。)
29
conquer vt.(在某地)很受欢迎,(在某地)成功;攻克,征服;(尤指比赛中)击败,战胜;克服,控制
过去式/过去分词:conquered
conquest n. 征服;conqueror n. 征服者
1. conquer difficulties(克服困难)2. conquer fear(战胜恐惧)
She conquered her shyness and gave a wonderful speech.(她克服了羞怯,发表了精彩的演讲。)
30
legend n. 传说,传奇故事;传奇人物
名词复数:legends
legendary adj. 传奇的;legendarily adv. 传奇地
1. a legend in music(音乐界传奇)2. ancient legends(古代传说)
He is a legend in the field of science for his great discoveries.(他因重大发现成为科学界的传奇人物。)
31
nobleman n. 贵族成员,出身高贵的人
名词复数:noblemen
noble adj. 贵族的;高尚的;nobility n. 贵族阶层
1. a wealthy nobleman(富有的贵族)2. medieval noblemen(中世纪贵族)
The nobleman donated his wealth to build schools for poor children.(这位贵族捐出财产,为贫困儿童建造学校。)
32
sip vt. & vi. 小口喝,抿
过去式/过去分词:sipped;名词复数:sips
sipper n. 啜饮者;sipping n. 啜饮
1. sip tea(品茶)2. take a sip(抿一口)
She sat by the window, sipping coffee and reading a book.(她坐在窗边,抿着咖啡看书。)
33
porter n. 搬运工,行李员;(医院里护送病人的)护工;门卫,门房
名词复数:porters
port v. 搬运;porterage n. 搬运费
1. hotel porter(酒店行李员)2. airport porter(机场搬运工)
The porter helped us carry our luggage to the hotel room.(行李员帮我们把行李搬到酒店房间。)
34
monk n. 僧侣,修道士
名词复数:monks
monastery n. 修道院;monkish adj. 僧侣般的
1. Buddhist monk(和尚)2. temple monk(寺庙僧侣)
The monk spends his days meditating and studying scriptures.(这位僧侣终日冥想和研读经文。)
35
Portuguese adj. 葡萄牙的 n. 葡萄牙人;葡萄牙语
名词复数:Portuguese
Portugal n. 葡萄牙;Portuguese-speaking adj. 说葡萄牙语的
1. speak Portuguese(说葡萄牙语)2. Portuguese culture(葡萄牙文化)
Portuguese is the official language of Brazil.(葡萄牙语是巴西的官方语言。)
36
Dutch adj. 荷兰的,荷兰人的,荷兰语的 n. 荷兰人;荷兰语
名词复数:Dutch
Netherlands n. 荷兰;Dutchman n. 荷兰男人
1. Dutch cuisine(荷兰美食)2. Dutch traditions(荷兰传统)
He learned Dutch during his study in Amsterdam.(他在阿姆斯特丹学习期间学会了荷兰语。)
37
contemplation n. 深思,沉思;凝视,默默注视
不可数名词
contemplate v. 沉思;contemplative adj. 沉思的
1. in contemplation(沉思中)2. deep contemplation(深度沉思)
She sat in quiet contemplation by the lake at dusk.(黄昏时分,她坐在湖边静静沉思。)
38
humid adj. 温暖潮湿的,湿热的
比较级:more humid;最高级:most humid
humidity n. 湿度;humidify v. 加湿
1. humid climate(湿润气候)2. hot and humid(炎热潮湿)
The rainforest has a hot and humid environment all year round.(雨林全年都处于炎热潮湿的环境中。)
39
well-drained adj. 排水良好的
无比较级/最高级
drain v. 排水;drainage n. 排水系统
1. well-drained soil(排水良好的土壤)2. well-drained land(排水良好的土地)
Tomatoes grow best in well-drained, sunny soil.(西红柿在排水良好、阳光充足的土壤中生长最好。)
40
steep adj. 陡的,陡峭的;急剧的,大起大落的;过高的,不合理的 vt. & vi. 浸泡,浸透
形容词比较级:steeper;最高级:steepest;动词过去式/过去分词:steeped
steeply adv. 陡峭地;steepness n. 陡峭
1. steep hill(陡坡)2. steep price(高价)
The path up the mountain is too steep for young children.(上山的小路对小孩来说太陡了。)
41
bush n. 灌木;灌木状的东西
名词复数:bushes
bushy adj. 浓密的;bushland n. 灌木丛地
1. in the bush(在灌木丛中)2. rose bush(玫瑰丛)
We found a small bird's nest hidden in the bush.(我们在灌木丛中发现了一个小鸟巢。)
42
maturity n.(人或动植物)成熟,完全长成;(思想行为等)成熟
不可数名词
mature adj. 成熟的;maturely adv. 成熟地
1. reach maturity(达到成熟)2. emotional maturity(情感成熟)
The fruit reaches full maturity in late September.(这种水果在九月下旬完全成熟。)
43
bud n. 芽,苞;半开的花,未长大的叶 vi. & vt. 发芽,萌芽
名词复数:buds;动词过去式/过去分词:budded
budding adj. 萌芽的;含苞待放的
1. flower bud(花蕾)2. bud in spring(春天发芽)
The cherry trees are budding and will bloom soon.(樱花树正在发芽,很快就会开花。)
44
exclusion n. 排除在外,排斥;不包括在内的人(或物);排除,认为不可能
不可数名词
exclude v. 排除;exclusive adj. 排他的
1. exclusion of(排除……)2. social exclusion(社会排斥)
The exclusion of minority groups from the policy is unfair.(这项政策将少数群体排除在外是不公平的。)
45
powdered adj. 研成粉末的;干燥成粉的
无比较级/最高级
powder n. 粉末;powder v. 研成粉末
1. powdered milk(奶粉)2. powdered sugar(糖粉)
Powdered milk is convenient for travel and storage.(奶粉便于旅行携带和储存。)
46
mint n. 薄荷;薄荷糖 vt. 铸造(硬币);创造(词、短语)
名词复数:mints;动词过去式/过去分词:minted
minty adj. 有薄荷味的;mint-leaf n. 薄荷叶
1. fresh mint(新鲜薄荷)2. mint flavor(薄荷味)
Add a few mint leaves to the drink to enhance the taste.(在饮料中加几片薄荷叶提味。)
47
cultivation n. 耕种,种植;(品质或技巧的)培养
不可数名词
cultivate v. 种植;培养;cultivated adj. 耕种的;有修养的
1. cultivation of crops(作物种植)2. cultivation of patience(耐心的培养)
The cultivation of rice has a long history in China.(水稻种植在中国有着悠久的历史。)
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