摘要:
该高中英语词汇同步笔记围绕“Challenging yourself”主题,系统梳理37个核心词汇及短语,涵盖航天、自然、科技等领域。从基础词汇如“dust”“solid”,到短语搭配如“lie in”“benefit from”,再到主题词汇如“space industry”“biosphere”,形成由浅入深的学习支架。
知识链路以“词汇-词形-派生-考点-例句”五维结构呈现,通过词形变化和派生词构建词汇网络,培养语言能力。例句结合生活实例与科技情境,如“non-stick pan”“solar power”,引导学生联系实际,提升思维品质。核心考点聚焦搭配与应用,结构化设计助力高效记忆,体现学习能力培养。
内容正文:
重大版 选必4 Theme B Challenging yourself B.词汇同步笔记
序号
单词
词形变化
派生词
核心考点
例句
1
genetic makeup 基因组成
无词形变化
genetic adj. 基因的;makeup n. 组成
1. genetic makeup of humans(人类的基因组成)2. unique genetic makeup(独特的基因组成)
Everyone has a unique genetic makeup that determines their traits.(每个人都有独特的基因组成,决定了他们的特质。)
2
spin-off (意外但有用的)副产品
复数:spin-offs
无
1. a spin-off of space technology(航天技术的副产品)2. useful spin-off(有用的副产品)
The medical device is a valuable spin-off of space research.(这款医疗设备是太空研究的宝贵副产品。)
3
non-stick pan 不粘锅
复数:non-stick pans
non-stick adj. 不粘的;pan n. 平底锅
1. cook with a non-stick pan(用不粘锅烹饪)2. clean a non-stick pan(清洗不粘锅)
My mother likes using a non-stick pan to fry eggs.(我妈妈喜欢用不粘锅煎蛋。)
4
mirrored sunglasses 反光太阳镜
复数:mirrored sunglasses
mirrored adj. 反光的;sunglasses n. 太阳镜
1. wear mirrored sunglasses(戴反光太阳镜)2. buy a pair of mirrored sunglasses(买一副反光太阳镜)
He wore mirrored sunglasses to protect his eyes from the sun.(他戴反光太阳镜保护眼睛免受阳光伤害。)
5
by-product 副产品
复数:by-products
无
1. a by-product of production(生产的副产品)2. useful by-product(有用的副产品)
Honey is a sweet by-product of bees' work.(蜂蜜是蜜蜂劳作的甜蜜副产品。)
6
space industry 航天工业
无词形变化
space n. 太空;industry n. 工业
1. develop the space industry(发展航天工业)2. global space industry(全球航天工业)
China's space industry has made remarkable progress.(中国的航天工业取得了显著进步。)
7
a small return 小回报
无词形变化
return n. 回报;small adj. 小的
1. get a small return(获得小回报)2. a small return on investment(投资的小回报)
He didn't expect much, just a small return for his efforts.(他没期望太多,只求努力能有一点小回报。)
8
lie in 在于
无词形变化
无
1. lie in the fact that(在于……的事实)2. lie in hard work(在于努力)
The key to success lies in perseverance and hard work.(成功的关键在于坚持和努力。)
9
the wider… the better… 越广……越好……
无词形变化
无
1. the wider the knowledge, the better(知识越广越好)2. the wider the vision, the better(视野越广越好)
In study, the wider your horizon, the better your understanding.(学习中,你的视野越广,理解就越好。)
10
even if 即使
无词形变化
无
1. even if it rains(即使下雨)2. even if you fail(即使你失败)
Even if the task is difficult, we should try our best.(即使任务很难,我们也应该全力以赴。)
11
have no immediate need of 不急需
无词形变化
无
1. have no immediate need of money(不急需钱)2. have no immediate need of help(不急需帮助)
We have no immediate need of new equipment; the old one works well.(我们不急需新设备,旧的还能用。)
12
benefit from 受益于
无词形变化
benefit n. 益处;beneficial adj. 有益的
1. benefit from experience(从经验中受益)2. benefit from education(从教育中受益)
Students can benefit a lot from reading widely.(学生能从广泛阅读中受益匪浅。)
13
reach out 伸出
无词形变化
无
1. reach out one's hand(伸出手)2. reach out for help(寻求帮助)
She reached out her hand to help the old man cross the road.(她伸出手帮助老人过马路。)
14
shrink vt./vi. (使)收缩;缩小
过去式:shrank/shrunk;过去分词:shrunk;现在分词:shrinking
shrinkage n. 收缩;shrunk adj. 收缩的
1. shrink with cold(因寒冷收缩)2. shrink in water(在水中收缩)
Woolen clothes tend to shrink if washed in hot water.(羊毛衣物用热水洗容易收缩。)
15
dust n. 灰尘
不可数;动词过去式/过去分词:dusted
dusty adj. 布满灰尘的;duster n. 掸子
1. sweep the dust(扫灰尘)2. dust the furniture(掸家具上的灰尘)
The old book was covered with a layer of dust.(这本旧书覆盖着一层灰尘。)
16
solar adj. 太阳的
无比较级/最高级
sun n. 太阳;solar energy 太阳能
1. solar power(太阳能)2. solar system(太阳系)
Many families use solar power to heat water.(许多家庭用太阳能烧水。)
17
flatten vi. 变平
过去式/过去分词:flattened;复数:flattens
flat adj. 平坦的;flattening n. 变平
1. flatten under pressure(在压力下变平)2. flatten the paper(把纸压平)
The wet clay flattened when pressed gently.(湿黏土轻轻一压就变平了。)
18
equator n. 赤道
复数:equators
equatorial adj. 赤道的
1. the Earth's equator(地球赤道)2. near the equator(靠近赤道)
Countries near the equator have a tropical climate.(赤道附近的国家属于热带气候。)
19
climber n. 登山者
复数:climbers
climb v. 攀登;climbing n. 登山运动
1. mountain climber(登山运动员)2. experienced climber(有经验的登山者)
The climber reached the top of the mountain after a hard journey.(经过艰难跋涉,这位登山者登上了山顶。)
20
stable adj. 稳定的;牢固的
比较级:more stable;最高级:most stable
stability n. 稳定性;stably adv. 稳定地
1. stable life(稳定的生活)2. stable structure(牢固的结构)
The building has a stable foundation that can resist earthquakes.(这座建筑有牢固的地基,能抵御地震。)
21
stability n. 稳定性;稳固
不可数
stable adj. 稳定的;stabilize v. 使稳定
1. political stability(政治稳定)2. economic stability(经济稳定)
Stability is essential for the development of a country.(稳定对一个国家的发展至关重要。)
22
rarely adv. 很少地
无比较级/最高级
rare adj. 稀有的;rarity n. 稀有之物
1. rarely go out(很少外出)2. rarely seen(罕见)
She rarely eats fast food because she cares about health.(她很少吃快餐,因为她注重健康。)
23
solid adj. 固体的;坚硬的;结实的
比较级:solider;最高级:solidest;复数:solids
solidly adv. 坚固地;solidity n. 坚固
1. solid rock(坚硬的岩石)2. solid structure(结实的结构)
Ice is water in its solid form.(冰是水的固体形态。)
24
envelope n. 包围层;信封
复数:envelopes
envelop v. 包围;enveloping adj. 包围的
1. air envelope(大气层)2. paper envelope(纸质信封)
The Earth is surrounded by an envelope of air.(地球被一层大气层包围着。)
25
covering n. 遮盖物;覆盖物
复数:coverings
cover v. 覆盖;covered adj. 被覆盖的
1. floor covering(地面覆盖物)2. protective covering(防护遮盖物)
The mountain is covered with a thick covering of snow.(这座山被厚厚的积雪覆盖着。)
26
band n. 带;范围;乐队
复数:bands;动词过去式/过去分词:banded
band v. 用带绑;banded adj. 带状的
1. a band of color(一条色带)2. music band(乐队)
A dark band of clouds appeared on the horizon.(地平线上出现了一条深色的云带。)
27
diameter n. 直径
复数:diameters
diametrical adj. 直径的;diametrically adv. 直径上地
1. the diameter of a circle(圆的直径)2. measuring diameter(测量直径)
The diameter of the tree trunk is about one meter.(这棵树干的直径约为一米。)
28
swell vi. 膨胀;鼓起;肿胀 n. 膨胀;鼓起;隆起
过去式/过去分词:swelled/swollen;复数:swells
swollen adj. 肿胀的;swelling n. 肿胀
1. swell with water(吸水膨胀)2. swell up(肿胀)
Her ankle swelled up after she twisted it.(她扭伤后脚踝肿了起来。)
29
swelling n. 膨胀处;自然突出部分
复数:swellings
swell v. 膨胀;swollen adj. 肿胀的
1. a swelling on the leg(腿上的肿胀处)2. reduce swelling(消肿)
The doctor examined the swelling on his arm carefully.(医生仔细检查了他手臂上的肿胀处。)
30
biosphere n. 生物圈
复数:biospheres
bio- 生物前缀;sphere n. 球体
1. Earth's biosphere(地球生物圈)2. protect the biosphere(保护生物圈)
All living things depend on the biosphere for survival.(所有生物都依赖生物圈生存。)
31
sphere n. 范围;球体
复数:spheres
spherical adj. 球形的;spherically adv. 球形地
1. in the sphere of science(在科学领域)2. glass sphere(玻璃球)
He has made great achievements in the sphere of technology.(他在技术领域取得了巨大成就。)
32
far out in space 远在太空中
无词形变化
无
1. stars far out in space(远在太空中的星星)2. spacecraft far out in space(远在太空中的宇宙飞船)
Astronomers study galaxies far out in space.(天文学家研究远在太空中的星系。)
33
above sea level 海平面以上
无词形变化
无
1. 500 meters above sea level(海拔500米)2. live above sea level(生活在海平面以上)
The city is located 1000 meters above sea level.(这座城市位于海拔1000米处。)
34
as we know it 正如我们所知
无词形变化
无
1. life as we know it(正如我们所知的生命)2. the world as we know it(正如我们所知的世界)
Water is essential for life as we know it.(水对于我们所知的生命来说至关重要。)
35
make up 构成
无词形变化
无
1. make up the majority(构成大多数)2. make up a team(组成一个团队)
Plants and animals make up the Earth's ecosystem.(动植物构成了地球的生态系统。)
36
play a very important role in doing sth. 在做……方面起着非常重要的作用
无词形变化
无
1. play a role in protecting the environment(在保护环境中起重要作用)2. play a role in development(在发展中起重要作用)
Trees play a very important role in purifying the air.(树木在净化空气方面起着非常重要的作用。)
37
be covered by 被……覆盖
无词形变化
无
1. be covered by snow(被雪覆盖)2. be covered by forests(被森林覆盖)
The northern part of the country is covered by vast forests.(这个国家的北部被广阔的森林覆盖。)
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