Unit 7 Entertaining Activities-定语从句 2（讲+练）-《英语 基础模块2》（语文版2022版）

定语从句 ——关系副词 《英语 基础模块2》（语文版2022版） Unit 7 Entertaining Activities语法 导 入 目 录 一、 什么定语 二、定语从句的定义 三、关系副词引导的定语从句 四、定语从句的分类(及特殊考点) 五、巩固练习 什么是定语 定义：修饰、限定、说明名词或代词的品质与特征的词。 种类：名词、代词、数词、介词短语、动词不定式 （短语）、分词、定语从句等……相当于形容词的词、短语或句子都可以作定语。 a blue pen. the greatest writer alive the street full of cars the weather here I’m Bear Brown who has a lot of friends. pupils returning from school a big family to support the language spoken 找出定语 I’m a cute bear. cute 形容词前置 I’m a bear standing on a ball. standing on a ball 现在分词短语后置 I like potato chips. potato 名词作定语 I’m a bear in a hoodie. 介词短语后置 in a hoodie 数词前置 I have a lot of friends. a lot of 什么是定语从句 You are the one who set it up. 观察下列句子结构，你发现了什么？ 结构：主语 + 谓语 + 先行词 + 关系词 + 陈述句 主句部分 从句部分 主从复合句 什么是定语从句 在复合句中，修饰一个名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。 结构：先行词+关系词+从句 先行词：被定语从句所修饰的名词或者代词。 I will never forget the day when we visited the museum. 关系词： 1. 连接作用（连接主句、从句） 2. 指代先行词 3. 在从句中充当成分 先行词 关系副词 定语从句 This is the school where my mother works. 先行词 关系副词 定语从句 关系副词在从句中作状语。 关系副词=介词+关系代词。 主要有以下几个词： where (=in/at/on which) when (=on/during/in which) why (=for which) 关系副词 先行词 句中成分 where 地点 地点状语 when 时间 时间状语 why 原因 原因状语 当定语从句中不缺少主语、宾语、定语和表语时，要选用关系副词when, where, why。 定语从句 where在定语从句中作地点状语。 关系副词 先行词 句中成分 介词＋关系代词 where 地点 地点状语 in / from which 主句 先行词 从句 作状语 例: Beijing is the city where I grew up. 改: Beijing is the city in which I grew up. 1. where用于修饰地点名词如place, park, factory, house等。在从句中作地点状语，相当于介词+which。 定语从句 where在定语从句中作地点状语。 关系副词 先行词 句中成分 where 地点 地点状语 主句 先行词 从句 作状语 例: The house where I lived five years ago has been pulled down. 主句 改: The house in which I lived five years ago has been pulled down. 关系副词where 2. 当先行词为一些表示抽象地点的名词，如：point， situation， case， stage， family等时，如果引导词在从句中作状语，常用关系副词where引导定语从句；如果不作状语，则用关系代词that/which。 eg. She’s in a hopeless situation，where we will keep a very close eye on her. eg. Remember that there is still one point that/which we must make clear at the conference tomorrow. 作状语 作宾语 关系副词where 3. 先行词occasion当“时刻”讲时，用关系副词when；当“场合”讲时，用关系副词where。 eg. Please describe an occasion where you met real difficulties. eg. Occasions are rare when I have the time to spend a day with my kids. 场合 时刻 关系副词when when用作关系副词，在定语从句作时间状语。 1. 先行词是具体时间名词，如day, month, year。 2. 还可以是抽象名词，如age, stay, occasion等。 3. 常用表时间的介词(如：in, on, at, during等)＋which代替关系副词when。 eg. There are occasions when one must yield. eg. The year in which he went to college was 2020. eg. I will never forget the day when we visited the museum. 关系副词when 先行词是time时: 若time作“次数”讲，应用关系代词that引导定语从句，that可省略； 若time作“一段时间，时代”讲，应用关系副词when或“介词at/during＋which”引导定语从句。 eg. This is the third time (that) I have visited Beijing. （次数） eg. I still miss the time when we lived in the small town together. （一段时间） eg. He often talks about the time when his grandparents lived through the war.（时代） 关系副词when when在定语从句中作时间状语。 关系副词 先行词 句中成分 when 时间 时间状语 主句 先行词 从句 作状语 例: The time when we got together finally came. 主句 改: The time at which we got together finally came. 关系副词when when在定语从句中时间状语。 关系副词 先行词 句中成分 when 时间 时间状语 主句 先行词 从句 作状语 例: I still remember the day when I first came to the school. 改: I still remember the day on which I first came to the school. 关系副词why why在定语从句中作原因状语。 关系副词 先行词 句中成分 why 原因 原因状语 主句 先行词 从句 作状语 例: Please tell me the reason why you are late. 改: Please tell me the reason for which you are late. 定语从句 介词+关系代词 “介词+关系代词” 结构也可以引导定语从句。有以下几种结构： 1. 介词+whom/which The girl still can remenber the day on which she came to this school. 2. 介词短语+whom/which The woman has a house, in front of which is the sea. 3. 不定代词或/数词 +whom/which China has a lot of famous writers, one of whom is Luxun. 4. 名词 + of which She mentioned a book, the name of which I have written on my notebook. 定语从句分类 定语从句 1. 限制性定语从句是先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语，如果去掉，主句的意思就不完整或失去意义，这种从句和主句关系十分密切，写时不用逗号分开。 eg. She has found the necklace that she lost 2 years ago. eg. This is the man who came to see you yesterday. 限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句 定语从句分类 定语从句 2. 非限制性定语从句和主句的关系不十分密切， 只是对先行词作附加的说明， 如果去掉，主句的意思仍然清楚。这种从句和主句之间往往用逗号分开，一般不用that 来引导。 eg. Yesterday, I met Li Ping, who seemed to be busy. eg. They went to London，where they lived for six months. 限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句 定语从句 注意 一、定语从句中的主谓一致 1. 关系代词作从句的主语时，从句中谓语动词的人称和数要与先行词保持一致，先行词是句子时，从句的谓语动词用单数形式。 She is one of the students who study hard in our class. The girl who is standing there is my sister. 定语从句 注意 二、先行词为way 1. 当先行词是way，且意为“方式、方法”时，引导定语从句的关系词有下列三种形式：that/in which/不填。（关系词在从句中必须作状语） The way that/which works best for me is to practice daily.（关系词 that/which作从句主语，指代way） This is the way (that/in which) he solved the problem.（关系词 that 作状语，表方式） 2. 当先行词是way，若关系词作主语/宾语，则需用 that/which（作宾语时可省略），遵循普通定语从句的规则。 定语从句 解题技巧： （1）确定先行词：找出被修饰的名词（时间、地点、原因相关）。 （2）分析从句成分：看从句是否完整（主谓宾 / 表是否齐全）。 （3）如果不完整，匹配关系副词： 缺原因状语（先行词为 reason）→用 why。 缺时间状语→用 when； 缺地点状语→用 where； （4）替换为 “介词 + which” 是否通顺（如 when=at/in which）。 巩固练习 一、用 when、where、why 填空 1．This is the park ______ we had a picnic last Sunday. 2．I still remember the day ______ I first met my best friend. 3. Could you tell me the reason ______ you were late for school? 4. The library is a place ______ people can read various books. 5. Do you know the year ______ the famous writer was born? where when why where when 巩固练习 二、单选题 1. We will never forget the days ______ we spent together in the countryside. A. when B. where C. which D. what 2. The school ______ he once studied is now very famous. A. when B. where C. which D. who 3. Please tell me the reason ______ you changed your mind. A. when B. where C. why D. that 4. The museum ______ we visited yesterday has a long history. A. when B. where C. which D. what 5. I don’t know the time ______ the meeting will start. A. when B. where C. which D. who Summary 一、 什么定语 二、定语从句的定义 三、关系副词引导的定语从句 四、定语从句的分类(及特殊考点) Thanks EV录屏3.9.7软件录制 Lavf56.38.102 本视频由湖南一唯信息科技开发的EV录屏软件录制，www.ieway.cn $