摘要:
该高中英语知识清单系统梳理了重大版选必3 Unit 1 "Choice and decision"的词汇体系。涵盖81个单词及10个短语,从基础词汇(如bend, claim)到拓展词汇(如philosophy, symbolism),通过词形变化、派生词、核心考点及例句构建从词到句的学习支架。
知识链路按词汇类型分类呈现,每个条目标注核心搭配(如hesitate to do, be related to)和典型例句,强化语言运用能力。融入Confucius等文化词汇渗透文化意识,通过派生词对比(如hesitate-hesitation)培养思维品质,结构化表格设计提升学习效率,助力学生系统掌握单元词汇。
内容正文:
重大版 选必3 Unit 1 Choice and decision. 词汇同步笔记
序号
单词
词形变化
派生词
核心考点
例句
1
bend vi. 转弯
过去式/过去分词:bent;复数:bends
bending n. 弯曲;bent adj. 弯曲的
1. bend down(弯腰)2. bend around(绕过)
The road bends sharply to the left ahead.(前面的路突然向左转弯。)
2
claim n. 断言
复数:claims;动词过去式/过去分词:claimed
claimant n. 索赔人;claimable adj. 可要求的
1. claim to do(声称做)2. make a claim(提出断言)
He made a claim that he had never lied.(他断言自己从未撒谎。)
3
grassy adj. 长满草的;草绿色的
比较级:grassier;最高级:grassiest
grass n. 草
1. grassy field(长满草的田野)2. grassy bank(长满草的堤岸)
We sat on the grassy bank by the river.(我们坐在河边长满草的堤岸上。)
4
wear n. 踩出(路)
动词过去式:wore;过去分词:worn;复数:wears
worn adj. 磨损的;wearable adj. 可穿戴的
1. wear a path(踩出一条路)2. wear out(磨损)
Years of walking have worn a path through the woods.(多年的行走在树林里踩出了一条路。)
5
equally adv. 同样地
无比较级/最高级
equal adj. 平等的;equality n. 平等
1. equally important(同样重要)2. equally with(与……同样)
All students are treated equally in this school.(这所学校里所有学生都受到平等对待。)
6
setting n. 环境
复数:settings
set v. 放置;setter n. 安装者
1. setting of(……的环境)2. family setting(家庭环境)
The story is set in a beautiful rural setting.(这个故事发生在美丽的乡村环境中。)
7
fork n. 岔路;餐叉
复数:forks
forked adj. 分叉的
1. fork in the road(岔路口)2. dinner fork(餐叉)
We reached a fork in the road and didn't know which way to go.(我们走到一个岔路口,不知道该走哪条路。)
8
hesitation n. 犹豫
复数:hesitations
hesitate v. 犹豫;hesitant adj. 犹豫的
1. without hesitation(毫不犹豫)2. show hesitation(表现出犹豫)
She accepted the invitation without hesitation.(她毫不犹豫地接受了邀请。)
9
hesitate vt./vi. 踌躇;犹豫
过去式/过去分词:hesitated
hesitation n. 犹豫;hesitant adj. 犹豫的
1. hesitate to do(犹豫做)2. hesitate about(对……犹豫)
Don't hesitate to ask for help if you need it.(如果你需要帮助,别犹豫开口。)
10
encounter vt. 遭遇;遇到
过去式/过去分词:encountered;复数:encounters
encounter n. 遭遇;encountered adj. 遭遇的
1. encounter difficulties(遭遇困难)2. encounter with(与……相遇)
She encountered an old friend on her way to work.(她上班路上遇到了一位老朋友。)
11
innumerable adj. 无数的;数不清的
无比较级/最高级
number n. 数字;numerous adj. 许多的
1. innumerable stars(无数的星星)2. innumerable problems(数不清的问题)
There are innumerable stars in the night sky.(夜空中有无数的星星。)
12
numerable adj. 可计数的;可计算的
无比较级/最高级
number n. 数字;count v. 计数
1. numerable items(可计数的物品)2. numerable population(可计算的人口)
The number of books in the library is numerable.(图书馆里的书数量是可计数的。)
13
literally adv. 照字面地;逐字地
无比较级/最高级
literal adj. 字面的;literality n. 字面意义
1. literally speaking(照字面说)2. translate literally(逐字翻译)
He literally spent the whole night studying.(他真的花了一整晚学习。)
14
lifeline n. 生命线
复数:lifelines
无
1. economic lifeline(经济命脉)2. lifeline for(……的生命线)
The supply of water is a lifeline for the desert city.(水资源供应是这座沙漠城市的生命线。)
15
crises n. 危机;紧要关头(crisis 的复数形式)
单数:crisis
critical adj. 关键的;criticize v. 批评
1. economic crises(经济危机)2. face crises(面临危机)
The country has gone through many political crises.(这个国家经历了许多政治危机。)
16
turn n. 变化;转弯
复数:turns;动词过去式/过去分词:turned
turning n. 转弯处;turnable adj. 可转动的
1. take a turn(转弯)2. a turn for the better(好转)
Take a right turn at the next traffic light.(在下一个红绿灯处右转。)
17
identical adj. 完全相同的
无比较级/最高级
identity n. 身份;identify v. 识别
1. identical to(与……完全相同)2. identical twins(同卵双胞胎)
The two cars are identical in shape and color.(这两辆车在外形和颜色上完全相同。)
18
disappointment n. 失望
复数:disappointments
disappoint v. 使失望;disappointed adj. 失望的
1. to one's disappointment(令某人失望的是)2. express disappointment(表达失望)
To my disappointment, the concert was canceled.(令我失望的是,音乐会取消了。)
19
disappoint vt. 使失望
过去式/过去分词:disappointed
disappointment n. 失望;disappointing adj. 令人失望的
1. disappoint sb.(使某人失望)2. be disappointed at(对……失望)
Her poor performance disappointed her parents.(她的糟糕表现让父母失望了。)
20
philosophical adj. 哲学的
无比较级/最高级
philosophy n. 哲学;philosopher n. 哲学家
1. philosophical thinking(哲学思考)2. philosophical questions(哲学问题)
He has a deep interest in philosophical works.(他对哲学著作有浓厚的兴趣。)
21
philosophy n. 哲学
复数:philosophies
philosophical adj. 哲学的;philosopher n. 哲学家
1. the philosophy of life(人生哲学)2. study philosophy(学习哲学)
Confucianism is an important part of Chinese philosophy.(儒家思想是中国哲学的重要组成部分。)
22
quoted adj. 引用的
无比较级/最高级
quote v. 引用;quotation n. 引文
1. quoted words(引语)2. officially quoted(官方引用的)
The article includes many quoted sentences from famous writers.(这篇文章包含许多著名作家的引语。)
23
quote vt. 引用
过去式/过去分词:quoted;复数:quotes
quotation n. 引文;quotable adj. 可引用的
1. quote sb.(引用某人的话)2. quote from(引用自)
The teacher often quotes poems in class.(老师经常在课堂上引用诗歌。)
24
symbolism n. 象征;象征主义
无复数
symbol n. 象征;symbolic adj. 象征的
1. literary symbolism(文学象征主义)2. religious symbolism(宗教象征)
The dove is a common symbolism of peace.(鸽子是和平的常见象征。)
25
symbol n. 象征;符号
复数:symbols
symbolic adj. 象征的;symbolize v. 象征
1. a symbol of(……的象征)2. mathematical symbol(数学符号)
Red is a symbol of joy in Chinese culture.(在中国文化中,红色是喜悦的象征。)
26
inspire vt. 激发;使产生灵感
过去式/过去分词:inspired
inspiration n. 灵感;inspiring adj. 鼓舞人心的
1. inspire sb. to do(激励某人做)2. be inspired by(受……启发)
Her courage inspired many young people to pursue their dreams.(她的勇气激励了许多年轻人追逐梦想。)
27
interpretation n. 解释;翻译
复数:interpretations
interpret v. 解释;interpretive adj. 解释的
1. different interpretations(不同的解释)2. interpretation of(对……的解释)
There are various interpretations of this poem.(这首诗有多种解释。)
28
interpret vi. 解释;翻译 vt. 说明;口译
过去式/过去分词:interpreted
interpretation n. 解释;interpreter n. 口译员
1. interpret for(为……口译)2. interpret as(把……解释为)
She interpreted the manager's words for the foreign guests.(她为外国客人口译经理的话。)
29
diverge vi. 分歧
过去式/过去分词:diverged
divergence n. 分歧;divergent adj. 分歧的
1. diverge from(与……分歧)2. diverge on(在……上有分歧)
Their opinions diverged on the issue of environmental protection.(他们在环境保护问题上意见分歧。)
30
undergrowth n. 生长在大树下的灌木
无复数
under adj. 在……下面;growth n. 生长
1. thick undergrowth(茂密的下层灌木)2. cut through undergrowth(穿过下层灌木)
We had to cut through the thick undergrowth to reach the village.(我们不得不穿过茂密的下层灌木才能到达村庄。)
31
sigh n. 叹息;叹气
复数:sighs;动词过去式/过去分词:sighed
sigh v. 叹息;sighing n. 叹息
1. heave a sigh(叹气)2. sigh of relief(如释重负的叹息)
She let out a sigh of disappointment when she heard the news.(听到这个消息,她发出了一声失望的叹息。)
32
dilemma n. 困境;进退两难
复数:dilemmas
dilemmatic adj. 进退两难的
1. in a dilemma(处于困境)2. moral dilemma(道德困境)
He was in a dilemma whether to accept the job or not.(他在是否接受这份工作上进退两难。)
33
figuratively adv. 比喻地;象征性地
无比较级/最高级
figurative adj. 比喻的;figure n. 数字;形象
1. speak figuratively(比喻地说)2. interpret figuratively(象征性地解释)
When he said "the sun smiled", he was speaking figuratively.(他说“太阳笑了”时,是在比喻地表达。)
34
metaphor n. 暗喻;隐喻
复数:metaphors
metaphorical adj. 隐喻的;metaphorically adv. 隐喻地
1. use a metaphor(使用隐喻)2. a metaphor for(……的隐喻)
"Time is money" is a common metaphor.(“时间就是金钱”是一个常见的隐喻。)
35
metaphorically adv. 隐喻地;用比喻
无比较级/最高级
metaphor n. 隐喻;metaphorical adj. 隐喻的
1. metaphorically speaking(隐喻地说)2. describe metaphorically(用比喻描述)
Metaphorically speaking, life is a journey.(隐喻地说,人生是一场旅行。)
36
twist n. 蜿蜒;曲折
复数:twists;动词过去式/过去分词:twisted
twist v. 扭曲;twisted adj. 扭曲的
1. a twist in the road(道路的弯道)2. a twist of fate(命运的转折)
The path has many twists and turns through the mountains.(这条小路穿过山脉,有许多蜿蜒曲折之处。)
37
fate n. 命运
无复数
fateful adj. 决定性的;fated adj. 命中注定的
1. seize one's fate(掌握自己的命运)2. a matter of fate(命运之事)
She believed that it was her fate to become a doctor.(她相信成为一名医生是她的命运。)
38
make a choice 做出选择
无词形变化
无
1. make a choice between A and B(在A和B之间做选择)
You have to make a choice before midnight.(你必须在午夜前做出选择。)
39
in the woods 在森林里
无词形变化
无
1. walk in the woods(在森林里散步)
They spent the afternoon hiking in the woods.(他们下午在森林里徒步旅行。)
40
be related to 与……有关
无词形变化
无
1. be related to sth.(与某事有关)2. be related to sb.(与某人有亲属关系)
This incident is closely related to his carelessness.(这起事件与他的粗心大意密切相关。)
41
be filled with 充满
无词形变化
无
1. be filled with joy(充满喜悦)2. be filled with hope(充满希望)
The room is filled with the smell of flowers.(房间里充满了花香。)
42
an extremely large number of 非常多的
无词形变化
无
1. an extremely large number of books(非常多的书)
An extremely large number of people attended the concert.(非常多的人参加了这场音乐会。)
43
stanza n. 诗节
复数:stanzas
无
1. a stanza of a poem(诗的一节)2. four-line stanza(四行诗节)
The first stanza of the poem describes the beauty of spring.(这首诗的第一节描绘了春天的美景。)
44
incorporate vt. 结合
过去式/过去分词:incorporated
incorporation n. 结合;incorporated adj. 合并的
1. incorporate into(把……并入)2. incorporate with(与……结合)
The new design incorporates many traditional elements.(新设计融入了许多传统元素。)
45
provoke vt. 引起;驱使
过去式/过去分词:provoked
provocation n. 挑衅;provocative adj. 挑衅的
1. provoke interest(引起兴趣)2. provoke anger(激起愤怒)
His rude remarks provoked a heated argument.(他粗鲁的言论引发了一场激烈的争论。)
46
investment n. 投资
复数:investments
invest v. 投资;investor n. 投资者
1. make an investment(投资)2. investment in(在……上的投资)
He made a wise investment in real estate.(他在房地产上做了一笔明智的投资。)
47
invest vt. 投资
过去式/过去分词:invested
investment n. 投资;investor n. 投资者
1. invest in(投资于)2. invest time in(在……上投入时间)
She decided to invest her savings in the stock market.(她决定把积蓄投资到股市。)
48
overall adj. 全部的
无比较级/最高级
overall adv. 总体上;overalls n. 工装裤
1. overall situation(总体情况)2. overall cost(总费用)
The overall result of the exam is satisfactory.(考试的总体结果令人满意。)
49
majority n. 大多数
复数:majorities
major adj. 主要的;minority n. 少数
1. the majority of(大多数)2. in the majority(占多数)
The majority of students agree with the new rule.(大多数学生同意这条新规定。)
50
well-being n. 健康;幸福
无复数
well adj. 健康的;being n. 存在
1. physical well-being(身体健康)2. mental well-being(心理健康)
Regular exercise is good for both physical and mental well-being.(定期锻炼对身心健康都有益。)
51
Confucius n. 孔子
专有,无词形变化
Confucian adj. 儒家的;Confucianism n. 儒家思想
1. Confucius' teachings(孔子的教诲)2. follow Confucius' ideas(遵循孔子的思想)
Confucius is a great thinker and educator in China.(孔子是中国伟大的思想家和教育家。)
52
Confucianism n. 儒家思想;儒家
无复数
Confucian adj. 儒家的;Confucius n. 孔子
1. Confucianism culture(儒家文化)2. core of Confucianism(儒家思想的核心)
Confucianism has a profound influence on Chinese society.(儒家思想对中国社会有深远的影响。)
53
stimulate vt. 刺激;鼓舞
过去式/过去分词:stimulated
stimulation n. 刺激;stimulating adj. 令人振奋的
1. stimulate the economy(刺激经济)2. stimulate creativity(激发创造力)
The new policy is expected to stimulate economic growth.(新政策有望刺激经济增长。)
54
state n. 情形
复数:states;动词过去式/过去分词:stated
statement n. 陈述;state adj. 国家的
1. in a good state(状态良好)2. state of affairs(事态)
The patient's state has improved significantly.(病人的情况有了显著改善。)
55
pay off 取得成功
无词形变化
无
1. pay off efforts(努力取得成功)2. pay off investments(投资获得回报)
All his hard work finally paid off when he won the prize.(当他获奖时,所有的努力终于得到了回报。)
56
in the end 最终
无词形变化
无
1. in the end(最后,最终)
In the end, they decided to go on a trip to Paris.(最终,他们决定去巴黎旅行。)
57
philosopher n. 哲学家
复数:philosophers
philosophy n. 哲学;philosophical adj. 哲学的
1. famous philosopher(著名哲学家)2. ancient Greek philosophers(古希腊哲学家)
Socrates is one of the most famous philosophers in history.(苏格拉底是历史上最著名的哲学家之一。)
58
professor n. 教授
复数:professors
profess v. 声称;professorial adj. 教授的
1. university professor(大学教授)2. professor of physics(物理学教授)
My uncle is a professor at Peking University.(我叔叔是北京大学的教授。)
59
pace n. 步伐;速度
复数:paces;动词过去式/过去分词:paced
pace v. 踱步;pacy adj. 快节奏的
1. keep pace with(跟上)2. set the pace(定速度)
We need to keep pace with the rapid development of technology.(我们需要跟上技术的快速发展。)
60
academic adj. 学术的
无比较级/最高级
academy n. 学院;academically adv. 学术上
1. academic research(学术研究)2. academic performance(学业成绩)
She has made great achievements in academic field.(她在学术领域取得了巨大成就。)
61
assess vt. 评价;评估
过去式/过去分词:assessed
assessment n. 评估;assessable adj. 可评估的
1. assess the situation(评估形势)2. assess students' work(评价学生的作业)
The teacher will assess our performance at the end of the term.(老师会在学期末评价我们的表现。)
62
realistic adj. 现实的
比较级:more realistic;最高级:most realistic
reality n. 现实;realistically adv. 现实地
1. be realistic about(对……现实)2. realistic goal(现实的目标)
It's important to set realistic goals for yourself.(为自己设定现实的目标很重要。)
63
footprint n. 脚印;足迹
复数:footprints
foot n. 脚;print n. 印记
1. footprint in the sand(沙滩上的脚印)2. carbon footprint(碳足迹)
We followed the footprints to find the lost child.(我们跟着脚印找到了那个迷路的孩子。)
64
spade n. 铁锹;铲子
复数:spades
spadeful n. 一铲子的量
1. dig with a spade(用铁锹挖)2. garden spade(园艺铁锹)
He used a spade to dig a hole for the tree.(他用铁锹为树挖了一个坑。)
65
rustle vt. 使……沙沙作响
过去式/过去分词:rustled;复数:rustles
rustle n. 沙沙声;rustling adj. 沙沙作响的
1. rustle the leaves(使树叶沙沙作响)2. rustle through papers(翻文件沙沙作响)
The wind rustled the dry leaves on the ground.(风吹得地上的枯叶沙沙作响。)
66
perseverance n. 毅力;坚持不解
无复数
persevere v. 坚持;persevering adj. 坚持不懈的
1. perseverance in(在……上的毅力)2. with perseverance(凭借毅力)
Success requires hard work and perseverance.(成功需要努力和毅力。)
67
ahead adv. 在前面
无比较级/最高级
ahead of(在……前面)
1. ahead of time(提前)2. go ahead(前进)
There are many difficulties ahead, but we will overcome them.(前面有许多困难,但我们会克服它们。)
68
Spanish n. 西班牙语
无复数;adj. 西班牙的
Spain n. 西班牙;Spanish-speaking adj. 说西班牙语的
1. speak Spanish(说西班牙语)2. Spanish culture(西班牙文化)
She can speak fluent Spanish and English.(她能说流利的西班牙语和英语。)
69
demand n. 需求
复数:demands;动词过去式/过去分词:demanded
demanding adj. 要求高的;demander n. 需求者
1. meet the demand(满足需求)2. demand for(对……的需求)
There is a growing demand for green products.(对绿色产品的需求日益增长。)
70
decline vi. 下降
过去式/过去分词:declined;复数:declines
decline n. 下降;declining adj. 下降的
1. decline in(在……上下降)2. decline rapidly(迅速下降)
The birth rate has been declining in recent years.(近年来出生率一直在下降。)
71
overcrowded adj. 过度拥挤的
无比较级/最高级
overcrowd v. 使过度拥挤;overcrowding n. 过度拥挤
1. overcrowded city(过度拥挤的城市)2. overcrowded bus(拥挤的公交车)
The overcrowded classroom makes it hard to concentrate.(过度拥挤的教室让人难以集中注意力。)
72
translator n. 翻译家;译员
复数:translators
translate v. 翻译;translation n. 翻译
1. professional translator(专业译员)2. English-Chinese translator(英汉翻译)
She works as a translator for an international company.(她在一家国际公司担任译员。)
73
butcher n. 屠夫
复数:butchers;动词过去式/过去分词:butchered
butcher v. 屠宰;butchery n. 屠宰场
1. a meat butcher(肉铺老板)2. go to the butcher's(去肉铺)
The butcher cuts the meat into pieces for customers.(屠夫为顾客把肉切成小块。)
74
jam n. 拥挤;果酱
复数:jams;动词过去式/过去分词:jammed
jam v. 堵塞;jammed adj. 堵塞的
1. traffic jam(交通堵塞)2. strawberry jam(草莓果酱)
We were late for the meeting because of a traffic jam.(因为交通堵塞,我们开会迟到了。)
75
uneasy adj. 不自在的
比较级:uneasier;最高级:uneasiest
ease n. 安逸;uneasily adv. 不自在地
1. feel uneasy(感到不自在)2. uneasy about(对……不安)
She felt uneasy when speaking in front of a large crowd.(在一大群人面前讲话时,她感到不自在。)
76
sophomore n. 大学二年级学生
复数:sophomores
无
1. college sophomore(大学二年级学生)2. sophomore year(大二学年)
He is a sophomore majoring in computer science.(他是一名计算机科学专业的大二学生。)
77
privileged adj. 享有特权的
无比较级/最高级
privilege n. 特权;privilegedly adv. 享有特权地
1. privileged class(特权阶级)2. be privileged to do(有幸做)
She is privileged to have the opportunity to study abroad.(她有幸获得出国留学的机会。)
78
fragrant adj. 芳香的
比较级:more fragrant;最高级:most fragrant
fragrance n. 香气;fragrantly adv. 芳香地
1. fragrant flowers(芳香的花)2. fragrant tea(香茶)
The garden is filled with fragrant roses.(花园里满是芳香的玫瑰。)
79
major in 主修
无词形变化
无
1. major in English(主修英语)2. major in medicine(主修医学)
She plans to major in law when she goes to college.(她上大学后打算主修法律。)
80
rather than 而不是
无词形变化
无
1. rather than do(而不是做)2. rather than sth.(而不是某物)
He chose to stay at home rather than go out with friends.(他选择留在家里,而不是和朋友出去。)
81
at the urgings of 在……的敦促下
无词形变化
无
at the urgings of parents(在父母的敦促下)
At the urgings of her teacher, she decided to take part in the competition.(在老师的敦促下,她决定参加比赛。)
82
end up 结束
无词形变化
无
1. end up doing(最终做)2. end up with(以……结束)
If you keep working hard, you will end up succeeding.(如果你继续努力,最终会成功的。)
83
be highly inflated 高度膨胀地
无词形变化
无
be highly inflated prices(物价高度膨胀)
The prices of some goods are highly inflated in this area.(这个地区一些商品的价格高度膨胀。)
84
flock to 蜂拥而至
无词形变化
无
1. flock to the city(蜂拥到城市)2. flock to the concert(蜂拥去看音乐会)
Tourists flock to the scenic spot every summer.(每年夏天,游客们蜂拥而至这个景点。)
85
step out of line 行为出人意料的
无词形变化
无
step out of line(行为出格)
He stepped out of line by refusing to follow the rules.(他拒绝遵守规则,行为出格了。)
86
take risks 冒险
无词形变化
无
1. take risks to do(冒险做)2. take great risks(冒很大的险)
Entrepreneurs often have to take risks to succeed.(企业家往往要冒险才能成功。)
87
even though 尽管
无词形变化
无
even though(尽管,即使)
Even though it was raining, we still went hiking.(尽管下雨,我们还是去徒步旅行了。)
88
be not restricted from 不限制
无词形变化
无
be not restricted from doing(不被限制做)
Students are not restricted from using the library after class.(学生课后使用图书馆不受限制。)
89
detour into 绕道到
无词形变化
无
detour into a small village(绕道到一个小村庄)
We had to detour into a mountain road because the main road was closed.(因为主干道封闭,我们不得不绕道走山路。)
90
be lucky to 有幸
无词形变化
无
1. be lucky to do(有幸做)2. be lucky to have(有幸拥有)
I am lucky to have such good friends.(我有幸拥有这么好的朋友。)
91
find one's own way 找到自己的路
无词形变化
无
find one's own way to success(找到自己的成功之路)
Everyone needs to find their own way in life.(每个人都需要在人生中找到自己的道路。)
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