专题07 阅读理解（七选五）（期末真题汇编，浙江专用）高二英语上学期

专题07 阅读理解（七选五） 主题01 人与自我——生活与学习 Passage 1 （浙江省杭州市西湖区西湖高中2024-2025学年高二上学期期末考英语试卷）Every day we are filled with information, much of which is given by people who want to shape our decisions. So, we need to evaluate the information and determine how we should respond. 1 It’s the ability to think clearly and see how ideas are connected. Like any skill, critical thinking can be learned, and the best way to learn it is by practising. You cannot evaluate an argument that you do not understand. 2 You may need to ask questions to clarify the person’s claims and ask them to explain key terms, especially words with multiple meanings. Once you understand what the person is saying, then you can consider whether it’s true. 3 You can figure this out by considering the source of the facts and whether the facts line up with what you already know about the topic. For a conflict, discover whether your understanding is incorrect or the new statement is wrong. Critical thinking also involves examining people’s motivations and assumptions. For example, a salesman will present facts that are selected to convince you to buy what he is selling. 4 It’s necessary that you recognize these factors to predict when someone else’s statements might not be accurate or complete. 5 Poking holes in other people’s arguments can be necessary, but you must acknowledge the possibility that your own beliefs sometimes can be wrong. By critically examining both your own and others’ opinions, you can understand the way the world works and make decisions in light of the truth. A．Analysing information requires critical thinking. B．And he will leave out facts that don’t help him reach that goal. C．Thus, the first step to critical thinking must always be listening. D．Because it’s possible to draw incorrect conclusions from correct facts. E．So learning about the common arguments and your own beliefs can help. F．The most important question is whether the facts they state are actually true. G．Critical thinking requires examining your own ideas and assumptions as well. Passage 2 （浙江省嘉兴市2024-2025学年高二上学期期末测试英语试题）The word for Samoans to say hello is Talofa. 1 It depends on who they’re speaking with and the formality of the situation. In the old days, Samoans greeted each other by touching foreheads and noses together. The practice was widely discontinued after the Spanish influenza pandemic (流行病) wiped out around 20 percent of our population. 2 Now, what about the language that Samoans use to greet people? Talofa is the official word for hello in Samoan. 3 That is Si-o’u-alofa, which literally means: my love, but the unspoken understanding behind it is that I’m offering my love to the person I’m addressing. So basically, Talofa means my love is for you. Another greeting expression is Ua’e sau, which confused me when I first heard it. But I soon learned that it’s so common and so very Samoan. When you show up somewhere, it’s perfectly natural for a Samoan to ask, “Ua’e sau? ” 4 Anyone outside our culture might think, “Uhh, can you not see that I am here, and I have arrived?” Actually, it’s just a way for the greeter to acknowledge you are now in their presence. Also I’ve noticed that if your arrival is unexpected, this question is a beautifully subtle (微妙的) way of asking why you are here. 5 A．It means, “Have you arrived? ” B．But they use a few other greetings as well. C．Remember it next time a Samoan asks you, “Ua’e sau? ” D．They might wonder why you bother to ask such a question. E．It comes from an older greeting packed with beautiful meaning. F．So we should practice some of Samoa’s most common greeting words. G．These days, Samoans like to greet each other with a single kiss on the cheek. Passage 3 （浙江省杭州市下沙区杭四吴山2024-2025学年高二上学期期末考英语试卷）Living a healthy lifestyle is all about choosing to make healthy choices each day. Adding more nutritious foods to your diet, making an effort to exercise throughout the week, and prioritizing your mental health are just a few of the things you can do to begin living a healthier and happier life. We’ve compiled a list of tips and advice from professionals about what you can do to improve your physical, mental, and emotional health. 1 Create specific health goals. 2 When you have specific goals you want to achieve, you’ll be more motivated to implement healthy changes in your life. Identify what parts of your lifestyle you want to improve and set measurable, attainable, relevant, and time-bound goals that are specific to better guarantee your success. Eat well. Choose nutritious foods and create a well-balanced diet. It’s no secret that eating healthy is one of the keys to achieving a healthy lifestyle. When you follow a healthy diet, you reduce your risk for obesity, heart disease, type 2 diabetes, high blood pressure, and certain types of cancers. 3 Practice mindful eating. Pay attention to your portion sizes and enjoy your meals. Eating mindfully, means being aware of and paying attention to what you’re eating without any distractions. 4 It also leaves you feeling full with less food, and make you more aware of your food choices. Drink plenty of water. Make conscious effort to stay hydrated throughout the day. Water helps you digest food, keeps you hydrated, and flushes out toxins from your body. For adults, drink around 13 cups (3.1 L) of water a day to stay properly hydrated, though this amount can vary depending on your age, weight, environment, and physical activity level. Take supplements as needed. Ask your doctor about taking supplements such as Vitamin C to get more nutrients. Taking dietary supplements is a good option when your diet isn’t giving you enough of the vitamins and nutrients you need to stay healthy. 5 A．Come up with specific actionable goals to improve your health. B．It’s definitely possible to get all the nutrients you need purely from the food you eat, but there are still gaps to be filled. C．By the end of this article, you’ll be ready to star changing your life for the better. D．A good night’s sleep can help you avoid getting sick and focus better during the day. E．Not only that, but healthy eating can also improve your mood and make you happier. F．Just like nutritious food, water is essential to keeping your body healthy. G．Solely focusing on the act of eating when you sit down for a meal helps promote better digestion. Passage 4 （浙江省杭州市西湖区杭高贡院,杭高钱江,杭高钱塘2024-2025学年高二上学期期末考英语试卷）Hobbies are more than just a fun way to kill the time. A widespread and harmful misunderstanding is that engaging in hobbies mirrors a lack of self-discipline. 1 In fact, hobbies can provide essential balance in our lives and enhance overall well-being. The benefits you obtain will depend on your hobby-taking up jogging, for instance, will benefit your cardiovascular (心血管的) health. The point is that nearly all hobbies can provide measurable positive health benefits. If we regularly spend time on hobbies, we usually enjoy a higher level of fitness. 2 . A 2023 comprehensive analysis of multiple studies found strong evidence that engaging in leisure activities can improve health by protecting against heart disease and age-related problems. But another of the researchers’ findings is perhaps the most striking: the strong relationship between doing leisure activities and increased longevity (长寿). 3 It found that older adults have a 19% lower risk of disease-related death when they engage in regular leisure activities. 4 They are vital to sustaining our mental health. People who made a conscious effort each day to spend time doing hobbies (no matter what they were) showed an average boost of 8% in well-being and a 10% drop in stress and anxiety, according to a 2023 study published in the Journal of Personality. “In general, humans need meaning, something that gives them a sense of purpose. 5 ” says Dr Hafeez, who has led several massive studies on hobbies. “Engaging in what you enjoy greatly enhances your well-being.” With all these visible benefits of hobbies, why not just make time for activities that bring you joy and fulfillment every day? A．The science backs this up. B．Hobbies make us happier. C．You gain a lot from hobbies. D．Nothing could be further from the truth. E．The more you engage in hobbies, the longer you will live. F．A different study conducted last year confirmed the impact. G．And being able to pursue your passion really contributes to that. 主题02 人与自我——做人与做事 Passage 1 （浙江省杭州市2024-2025学年高二上学期期末考试英语试题）Positive Thinking Quotes To Inspire Optimism We have all been given the gift that is life. 1 We can choose to waste it, or we can choose to have the best life possible. 2 Some people are afraid of change, preferring to continue along in the rut (车辙) that they have dug for themselves. They are leading a wasted life because they are not making use of their full potential. They are not achieving because they are afraid of what will happen if they try. The key to achieving a successful life is to change your view of yourself and the world around you. Every aspect of your life can be changed through positive thinking. Think positively about yourself, and you will become more confident and more decisive. When faced with a problem, think to yourself, “I can do this.” 3 Don’t give up and be negative. Keep trying until the job is done. Never accept defeat. Don’t allow others to persuade you that something cannot be done. There is always a way, and the positive thinker will keep looking for that alternative way. 4 Maintaining an open mind allows the positive thinker to take every opportunity that they meet, and use it to their advantage. Hard work and commitment scare some people. They fear that in some way, they are not good enough or skilled enough to succeed. 5 They know that they are good enough and know how to get the skills they need. A positive thinker is a learner, as knowledge is always useful. A．What we do with it is up to us. B．The positive thinker will overcome these doubts. C．Then find the best way to achieve the result you want. D．Anyone with a negative attitude towards life can change. E．Positive thinking is the oil that keeps the wheels of your ambition turning. F．A positive thinker will always be ready to adapt his ideas to suit the situation. G．Most people want to look back at a long life filled with success and happiness. Passage 2 （浙江省金华市十校2024-2025学年高二上学期期末英语试题）Go for a hike outdoors Now is a great time of year to take a hike. The weather is cooler, the days are still fairly long, and trees may be just beginning to change color. Choose a weekend morning or afternoon, and ask family and friends to head out for a hike with you. Here’s how. Pick a path. The first step is to choose where you’re going. 1 Or you can make the walk more of a hike and head to a trail (小路) at a local nature preserve or state park. To find family-friendly trails near you, you can search online for trails by different criteria, such as how close they are to home, length, or level of difficulty. Get prepared. You’ll want to wear comfortable sneakers or hiking boots. Add an extra layer of clothing, such as a light jacket, that you can put on and take off as needed. 2 You could also pack extras, such as binoculars for viewing animals from a distance and a pencil and notebook for sketching. 3 To get your group to take notice of nature on your walk, you could create a scavenger hunt. Make a list of items to look for. At the start of the hike, distribute copies of the list and pencils to the group members. 4 The goal is to be the person who finds the most items. Your list could include flowers or leaves of different colors, spider webs, and mushrooms. Tread lightly. One of the main rules of spending time in nature is to “leave no trace.” This means you want to leave the trail as it was when you found it. Carry out all your trash, and don’t take any leaves, flowers, or branches from trees or bushes. 5 A．Add excitement. B．Seek out signs of animals. C．You can keep it simple and walk around a local park. D．Once the items are found, they cross them off their list. E．Experienced hikers might select trails that offer a challenge. F．You want to keep them there for the wildlife and other hikers to enjoy. G．Grab a backpack that you can use to carry a hat, water and nutritious snacks. Passage 3 （浙江省衢州市2024-2025学年高二上学期教学质量检测英语试题）How to overcome fixed mindset When you have a fixed mindset, you limit your potential because of your beliefs. A person with a fixed mindset believes that self-improvement is hopeless, and you can’t improve your abilities. 1 Here are some strategies to help you overcome the fixed mindset. · Work with your learning style You understand information according to your preferred learning style. You may be unaware of what it is, but you will unconsciously express preferences. You may choose diagrams to words or listening to seeing. 2 Most people have a mix of learning styles, but everyone has strong preferences. Therefore, you can learn new skills with an approach that feels natural to you. · Reward behavior not people When people praise you because you are “smart”, it implies that you possess the fixed quality of being “smart.” For example, if you solve a puzzle quickly, and someone says, “You are so smart,” it might lead you to believe that your success is due to your inherent intelligence. 3 · Capture the day’s lessons Before going to bed, sit, and reflect on what you have learned so you can absorb that knowledge. After the day’s journey ends, you can sit quietly and think or record your experiences in a journal. 4 An evening reflection lets you plan to do better the following day, so you continually refine your methods for achieving success. · Don’t reinvent the wheel 5 If someone jumps off a cliff, you don’t need to do the same. If you see someone has made a mistake, it is an opportunity to avoid making that mistake yourself. We learn the lessons of history, so we don’t make the mistake of repeating them. A．It is not possible for you to make a change. B．Stay positive and learn from your mistakes. C．There is no need to repeat other people’s mistakes. D．But you can break free of the box and change your mindset. E．Alternatively, you may need hands-on experience through practical classes. F．You may also need time to review what works and what needs a new approach. G．Meanwhile, this can overshadow the importance of hard work and the learning process. Passage 4 （浙江省宁波市慈溪市2024-2025学年高二上学期期末考试英语试题）Self-discipline is the ability to push yourself forward, stay motivated, and take action, regardless of how you’re feeling, physically or emotionally. It is a basic life skill that determines success, well-being, and happiness. 1 Choose a goal. 2 You can practice self-discipline on very small goals such as concentrating on a book for an hour without checking your messages, or avoiding unhealthy food for one day. Remember, starting small is a good way to start developing your self-discipline. 3 Once you’ve chosen a goal, list the reasons why you want to achieve it. Try to express these reasons in a positive way, and you’ll find it much easier to get the job done. Instead of saying “I want to get this task off my to-do list”, say “I want to do this task so that I can meet my objectives and feel satisfied with myself!” Identify obstacles. Now you need to identify the obstacles that you’ll likely to face when working toward your goal. Imagine that your goal is to read one book a week to enhance your reading skills. You may face a number of obstacles in reaching this goal. 4 You may also get distracted by things around you. Once you’ve identified obstacles, come up with a strategy to overcome each one. Monitor your progress. As you work on your self-discipline, pay attention to how you’re feeling. 5 This reinforces the positive changes that you’re experiencing in your life, and gives you a record that you can look back on to see the progress that you’ve made. A．Find your motivation. B．Behave in a positive way. C．Never give in to the barriers you come across. D．For example, it’s hard to find time each day to read. E．Begin by choosing just one goal that you want to focus on. F．Keep a journal to write down your goal and to track your progress. G．Here are some science-backed strategies to become more self-disciplined in life. 主题03 人与社会——历史，社会与文化 Passage 1 （浙江省青田县中学2024-2025学年高二上学期1月期末英语试题）No disciplines have seized on professionalism with as much enthusiasm as the humanities. You can, Mr. Menand points out, become a lawyer in three years and a medical doctor in four. 1 . Not surprisingly, up to half of all doctoral students in English drop out before getting their degrees. His concern is mainly with the humanities: literature, languages, philosophy and so on. These are disciplines that are going out of style: 22% of American college graduates now major in business compared with only 2% in history and 4% in English. However, many leading American universities want their undergraduates to have a grounding in the basic canon of ideas that every educated person should possess. 2 . At Harvard, Mr Menand notes, “the great books are read because they have been read” - they form a sort of social glue. Equally unsurprisingly, only about half end up with professorships for which they entered graduate school. 3 This is partly because universities continue to produce ever more PhDs. 4 : English departments awarded more bachelor’s degrees in 1970-71 than they did 20 years later. Fewer students require fewer teachers. So, at the end of a decade of thesis-writing, many humanities students leave the profession to do something for which they have not been trained. One reason why it is hard to design and teach such courses is that they cut across the insistence by top American universities that liberal-arts education and professional education should be kept separate, taught in different schools. 5 . Although more than half of Harvard undergraduates end up in law, medicine or business, future doctors and lawyers must study a non-specialist liberal-arts degree before embarking on a professional qualification. A．Yet quite how that happens, Mr Menand does not say. B．Otherwise, academics will continue to think dangerously alike. C．There are simply too few posts. D．But most find it difficult to agree on what a “general education” should look like. E．Many students experience both varieties. F．But fewer students want to study humanities subjects. G．But the regular time it takes to get a doctoral degree in the humanities is nine years. Passage 2 （浙江省丽水市遂昌中学2024-2025学年高二上学期1月期末英语试题） 1 . At first, people were worried about security. But having made a successful purchase from, say, Amazon, they felt safe buying elsewhere. Similarly, using Airbnb or a car-hire service for the first time encourages people to try other offerings. Next, consider eBay. Having started out as a peer-to-peer marketplace, it is now dominated by professional “power seller” (many of whom started out as ordinary eBay users). The same may happen with the sharing economy, which also provides new opportunities for enterprise. Some people have bought cars solely to rent them out, for example. Existing rental businesses are getting involved too. 2 . In future, companies may develop hybrid (混合的) models, listing excess capacity (whether vehicles, equipment or office space) on peer-to-peer rental sites. In the past, new ways of doing things online have not displaced the old ways entirely. But they have often changed them. Just as internet shopping forced Wal-mart and Tesco to adapt, so online sharing will shake up transport, tourism, equipment-hire and more. 3 . Will room-renters be subject to hotel taxes, for example? In Amsterdam officials are using Airbnb listings to track down unlicensed hotels. In some American cities, peer-to-peer taxi services have been banned after lobbying by traditional taxi firms. The danger is that although some rules need to be updated to protect consumers from harm, existing rental businesses will try to destroy competition. People who rent out rooms should pay tax, of course, but they should not be regulated like a Ritz-Carlton hotel. The lighter rules that typically govern bed-and-breakfasts are more than adequate. 4 . This emerging model is now big and disruptive (颠覆性的) enough for regulators and companies to have woken up to it. That is a sign of its immense potential. 5 . A．It is time to start caring about sharing. B．The main worry is regulatory uncertainty. C．Avis, a car-hire firm, has a share in a sharing rival. So do GM and Daimler, two carmakers. D．But the remarkable thing is how well the system usually works. E．The sharing economy is the latest example of the internet’s value to consumers. F．For sociable souls, meeting new people by staying in their homes is part of the charm. G．The sharing economy is a little like online shopping, which started in America 15 year ago. Passage 3 （浙江省绍兴市诸暨市2024-2025学年高二上学期期末检测英语试题）Body language around the world It is said that our body language exhibits information about our thoughts and feelings. But the implied meaning of these common signals we use every day can mean something wildly different in another culture. 1 From them, you can know how to integrate and what to avoid. Greetings 2 Handshakes and hugs are common practices in Western societies in places like the US and UK, but in parts of Europe such as France and Italy, handshakes are a slightly more personal greeting. It’s common to linger for longer, which some visitors may find uncomfortable. Hand and arm gestures As standard, Italians use their arms and hands to gesture constantly while talking, whereas in Japan, this is considered bad manners. If you’re in Belgium or Northern Italy, be sure to avoid brushing your hand underneath your chin when speaking — it is a vivid way to tell someone to go away! 3 Well, hopefully you haven’t visited Greece or Sardinia yet, where it is considered to be as rude as a middle finger signal in the West. Head and movements In many parts of Eastern Europe, the standard nodding and shaking signifying yes and no respectively are switched, which can, of course, get very confusing. In Japan, staring too long is considered rude, invasive or even an act of aggression. Our special gesture, though, has to be this traditional signal from Tibet, China. If someone is sticking their tongue out at you in the street, all may not be as it seems! 4 But in Western cultures, it is considered playful, silly or even bad-mannered. All in all, body language plays a significant role in communicating with people from other cultures. 5 A．It can send signals stronger than words. B．My body utters when I try to hide something. C．In fact, it’s a way of demonstrating respect. D．In the UK and Australia, the sign means victory. E．Do you think the thumbs-up sign a universal gesture for “great”? F．Here is an introduction to the most unusual examples across the globe. G．In various parts of India, it’s common to greet one another by touching feet. Passage 4 （浙江省慈溪市2023-2024学年高二上学期期末测试英语试题）Younger generations of Chinese citizens have developed new methods to relieve stress, which include raising unconventional “pets”, hugging trees, watching stress relief videos and so on. On social media platforms, a new toy called “mango dog” recently emerged. 1 In the eyes of some netizens, the “mango dog” has special meanings. “Every time I see it, it heals me,” “It’s fluffy (毛茸茸的) and cute.” 2 For example, college students have shared online their experiences of raising stones and paper box “dogs”. These “pets” share similar characteristics—they don’t cry, make noise or get sick. Tree hugging has also become a new stress relief for young people. “You may think you are hugging the tree, but in fact, the tree is embracing you,” this is a feeling shared by a netizen. Many netizens with such experiences have expressed that their anxiety has been reduced, and they feel a sense of communication with nature. 3 “I came across the idea online. I tried it and felt truly relaxed,” said a young office worker. “In those brief seconds, it felt like the tree released a lot of pressure and stress from me.” 4 “I especially enjoy watching stress relief videos, like washing blankets and cutting soap. After watching them, I feel like the stress of the day is relieved and it’s easier to fall asleep.” 5 According to public data, there are currently more than 800 companies in China with names, business scopes, products, services or trademarks containing the term “stress relief”. In 2023 alone, more than 70 new registered companies with this focus were added. A．Various “pets” are made to cater to different people. B．It is claimed to bring a sense of calmness and give a healing effect. C．This is not the first time that young people have raised novel “pets”. D．A young media worker also finds the relief in watching short videos. E．In some cities people have even organized “tree hugging interest groups”. F．Other toys such as squeeze balls have also gained popularity as a way to relieve stress. G．The popularity of these methods reflects an increasing need to release people’s pressure. 主题01 人与社会——科学与技术 Passage 1 （浙江省绍兴市上虞区2024-2025学年高二上学期期末考试英语试题）Why People May Stare at You You may have experienced the situation where someone staring at you, such as when you’re quietly seated on a bus, only to find that the person across from you is looking at your feet. Did you put on two different shoes? No, you check your shoes — both are the same. 1 A new study by Hannah Scott and colleagues from the University of London suggested that people stare because faces, especially the eyes, provide many useful non-verbal clues about a person’s mental state. 2 Observing what others look at offers a glimpse into their thoughts. 3 The study also found that people may focus on others’ lips during talks. If you feel someone’s gaze on your mouth while speaking, it’s likely not an indication of romantic interest, but rather that they might not hear you well. Similarly, people may look at your hands when you gesture. As they may be trying to understand your actions when you are talking or performing a task. The study showed that people tend to direct their gaze at the part of the body that provides the most information. 4 They get the audience to focus on their faces while performing hand tricks. This technique helps switch attention from their hands during card tricks or coin magic. Scott’s study concluded that people are not naturally biased to focus on someone’s face. Instead, they are drawn to the body parts that provide the most relevant information. 5 But when someone is performing a manual task, it’s the hands that draw the gaze. This also explains why magicians often talk to engage their audience’s attention on their faces while performing tricks with their hands. A．So, what causes such stares? B．But it’s not just eyes that draw stares. C．The eyes, contain socially relevant information. D．This explains how magicians apply misdirection. E．If someone is speaking, the eyes attract attention. F．Sometimes, such intense stares can make us feel uneasy. G．The way people talk can also attract stares during conversations. Passage 2 （浙江省杭州市第二中学2024-2025学年高二上学期期末英语试题）Understanding Group Study Group study is a common practice among students of all ages. 1 It is commonly believed to be an effective way to supplement individual learning. When studying in a group, it is important to establish clear goals and expectations. Each member should have a role and responsibility to ensure that the group stays on track. 2 He or she can guide the group and make sure everyone is participating. Group study can be beneficial in many different ways. 3 Each member brings a unique perspective and set of skills to the group, which can enhance the learning experience. It can also be helpful to have someone explain a concept or problem in a different way, which can make it easier to understand. Group study can also increase motivation and responsibility. When studying alone, it can be easy to procrastinate (拖延) or lose focus. 4 This can help keep everyone on track and motivated to complete the task at hand. Despite those benefits, group study can present challenges. 5 Some members may prefer visual aids, while others may prefer hands-on activities or auditory learning. External distractions, such as noise or interruptions, can also be a challenge in group study. However, by working collaboratively, group members can overcome these challenges and have a successful study session. Overall, group study can be a valuable tool for students of all ages. By working together, students can enhance their learning experience and achieve their academic goals. A．It is also important to have an appointed leader. B．It is common to encounter different learning styles. C．Group study can have a positive impact on preventing study-related stress. D．One of the benefits is the opportunity to share knowledge and learn from others. E．Therefore, studying in a group requires careful planning, communication, and collaboration. F．However, when studying in a group, every member has a sense of responsibility to the other members. G．It involves studying in a group of two or more people, where each member contributes to the learning process. Passage 3 （浙江省绍兴市上虞区2023-2024学年高二上学期期末教学质量调测英语试题（含听力））Some people say that A．I. large language models can be unpredictable and unreliable — giving false information and acting strangely toward users. I’ve been using A．I. tools like ChatGPT almost daily for several months now, and I’ve seen them spit out plenty of wrong answers. 1 Here are three things that A．I. is especially good at. Getting creatively unstuck A．I. can also be a good tool for getting your creative juices flowing. Recently, I was trying to come up with questions to ask a podcast guest. I pasted the guest’s bio into ChatGPT and asked it to give me “10 thoughtful, incisive interview questions” for this person. 2 Ethan Mollick, a professor at the University of Pennsylvania’s Wharton School, recommends using A．I. to overcome writer’s block, or get a running start on hard projects. 3 I’ve also been using ChatGPT and other A．I. apps as a kind of rehearsal for offline tasks I find unpleasant or hard. When I had to have a difficult conversation with a friend, I asked ChatGPT to take part in a role-playing exercise. “Pretend you’re my friend, and react the way you think my friend might react,” I told it. 4 It didn’t make the real one painless, but I felt more confident knowing I’d already practised with a chatbot. Of course, A．I. chatbots can’t replace human friendships. But they can be a kind of on-demand sounding board, offering us basic feedback and advice without judgement. Sparking Notes for everything 5 I’ve used A．I. programs to “read” long articles for me, and summarize dense academic papers. Usually they get the key points right, even if some of the details are missing. If you’re bored of reading this article, you could ask ChatGPT to summarize it for you. I promise I won’t be offended. A．Rehearsing for real-world tasks. B．I then held a mock version of the conversation. C．Explaining concepts at multiple difficulty levels. D．Of the questions it generated, most were pretty good. E．Used properly, ChatGPT and other A．I. chatbots can be amazing teaching tools. F．But I’ve also seen these A．I. programs do amazing things that took my breath away. G．One of the most powerful abilities of A．I. language models is quickly summarizing large amounts of text. Passage 4 （浙江省绍兴市诸暨市2023-2024学年高二上学期期末检测英语试题）Body language, important language Have you ever noticed the big difference between someone’s behavior and his words? Or have you ever failed to control your body on certain occasions as a result of nervousness? Today let’s discuss how essential body language can be in our daily communication. Studies have revealed that in the process of communication, non-verbal expression has 65% to 93% more influence than actual text. 1 Emilie Suter, a senior student of EHL, believes that the significance of body language is reflected in the ability to help people in the process of communication. 2 Body language is the best explanation of the behavior psychology of individuals and groups. 3 Without proper body language, you may find yourself trapped in a circle where you cannot integrate with the external environment. Therefore, you should always pay attention to how people around you use body language to express their opinions—this allows you to accurately determine your next move. Fidgeting (坐立不安) may mean that there is a lack of interaction between the two sides of the conversation. 4 Loich Batumba, vice president of the student council of EHL, says that he clearly remembers similar experiences: “At the time of my first interview, my interviewer and I barely communicated eye-to-eye, so I could clearly feel that there was a lack of interest between our conversations.” How to establish a good personal impression is a topic that people have repeatedly discussed. 5 This has increased the importance of physical actions for us. A．Body language varies from culture to culture. B．Of course, some body language is shared universally. C．In real situations, body language matters a lot more than you think! D．This means that “how to say” is more significant than “what to say”. E．Turning to other directions can mean he or she does not share your opinion. F．It helps people better understand the overall situation and thus make adjustments. G．Interestingly, what we see is actually the most important standard for us to judge others. 主题02 人与自然 Passage 1 （浙江省绍兴市上虞区2022-2023学年高二上学期期末教学质量调测英语试题）Reading a dog’s body language requires experience and expert guidance. Zazie Todd, a dog trainer and founder of the blog Companion Animal Psychology, thinks about how to understand dogs’ behaviour. 1 They’re expecting punishment but don’t necessarily know their behavior is wrong. Alexandra Horowitz, a professor at Barnard College who researches dogs’ cognition(认知), points out the “guilty” look is linked to being scolded by the owner. If your dog licks their mouth They’re stressed. Recently, two European studies have highlighted the meaning of this licking. One found that it was a dog’s response to seeing an angry or aggressive human face on a computer screen. 2 If you spot this sign, try reducing your dog’s stress levels. It could be as simple as giving them more physical space. If there are fireworks and your dog is shaking 3 This is a common reaction, but a surprising number of people don’t realize that shaking and trembling are signs of fear. Whereas only a quarter of owners say their dog is afraid of loud noises, half report these behavioral signs. If you are at the vet and your dog’s tail is down They’re anxious. Obvious signs of an unhappy dog include hiding or trying to leave the exam room, but commonly missed triggers range from a tucked tail and lowered ears to trembling. 4 Many vets now use food to make the experience more fun. If your dog leans into you during a petting time They like it! If you’re unsure that a dog is enjoying being petted, stop, then watch their reaction. If they choose to wander off, the petting time is over. Other signs of discomfort include sniffing the floor, looking away and breathing heavily. However, if they lean on you or paw at you to get more hugs, continue! 5 A．This behavior means they like it. B．They are frightened by the noises. C．If your dog gets stressed at appointments, ask what can be done. D．If your dog looks guilty when you walk in the door and see a mess. E．Start to pet them and remain nearby so that your dog would be comforted. F．The other determined that dogs lick their mouths in response to a mild threat. G．Preferred parts on their bodies are to either side of the chest and under the chin. Passage 2 （江省绍兴市上虞区2023-2024学年高二上学期期末检测英语试题）When the British poet Alfred Lord Tennyson described nature as “red in tooth and claw”, he was telling us that the natural world can be cruel as well as beautiful. 1 . Most people living in urban areas rarely encounter wild animals in their natural surroundings. 2 And they are willing to get close to them. But for wild animals, it is “eat or be eaten,” and they can’t distinguish between humans and other animals. 3 In Canadian woods lives a dog-like animal, coyote, which is a little bigger than a fox, but smaller than a wolf. They usually avoid humans, but the occasional attacks can be deadly. Every year, one or two people end up getting killed by coyotes. Earlier this year, a herd of elephants in Yunnan left their home in the Xishuangbanna National Nature Reserve and went on a meandering journey through the province. They destroyed crops and buildings along the way. Villages in their path had to be evacuated because of the potential dangers they posed to villagers. Animal experts haven’t determined why the elephants went on their journey. 4 The wild animals we love are in a constant struggle for survival. Our expanding into the natural habitats of wild animals can be dangerous for the animals and then us humans as well. Maybe we should try to stay away from them. 5 Their lives—red in tooth and claw—are difficult enough without us causing them any more problems than they already have. A．A walk in the woods can be dangerous. B．It is a way to protect the wild animals, and it’s also our responsibility. C．In Canada, people have a more realistic attitude towards wild animals. D．In simple terms, we should try to keep proper distance from wild animals. E．Hence they misunderstand that wild animals are just as friendly as Disney characters. F．Thanks to active environmental conservation, the number of the elephants grew larger. G．A reasonable possibility is that they probably needed more room and more food to survive. Passage 3 （浙江省杭州市七县市2021-2022学年高二上学期期末学业水平测试英语试题）Every year, natural disasters affect about 250 million people and global warming is making droughts and floods more common. 1 But we can reduce the number of people who die in them. In Bangladesh，a lot of people have to live on flat and near the sea, but the cyclones (旋风) there bring terrible floods. In 1970, Cyclone Bhola killed at least 300,000 people. 2 In 1991, the even stronger cyclone Gorky hit the country. This time, people could use special school buildings as emergency shelters. Unfortunately, many women and children didn’t go to them and around 140,000 people drowned. After this, villages set up groups of emergency volunteers and teachers had to talk to children every week about the things which they should do if there was a cyclone warning. 3 It came in 2007. Twelve hours before cyclone Sidr reached land, a Bangladeshi scientist in the USA calculated (计算) the exact areas of danger on a computer. The emergency volunteers in the villages spread the warning fast. 4 “You must come to the school now,” they shouted. “You won’t be safe if you stay here.” All the buildings in the village were destroyed in the cyclone except for the school shelter. Not everyone in Bangladesh was so lucky. 5 But this was a much smaller number than in the big cyclones of the twentieth century. With modern technology, planning and education, we don’t have to lose huge numbers of lives in natural disasters. A．Sadly, we can’t stop the disasters. B．Four thousand people died in cyclone Sidr. C．Heavy rains, too, contribute to the total cyclone damage. D．They didn’t have to wait many years for the next big cyclone. E．It was one of the worst natural disasters of the twentieth century. F．Ten-year-old Rupa and her friends ran to all their neighbours’ homes. G．A tropical cyclone can be up to six miles high, and hundreds of miles wide. / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题07 阅读理解（七选五） 主题01 人与自我——生活与学习 Passage 1 （浙江省杭州市西湖区西湖高中2024-2025学年高二上学期期末考英语试卷）Every day we are filled with information, much of which is given by people who want to shape our decisions. So, we need to evaluate the information and determine how we should respond. 1 It’s the ability to think clearly and see how ideas are connected. Like any skill, critical thinking can be learned, and the best way to learn it is by practising. You cannot evaluate an argument that you do not understand. 2 You may need to ask questions to clarify the person’s claims and ask them to explain key terms, especially words with multiple meanings. Once you understand what the person is saying, then you can consider whether it’s true. 3 You can figure this out by considering the source of the facts and whether the facts line up with what you already know about the topic. For a conflict, discover whether your understanding is incorrect or the new statement is wrong. Critical thinking also involves examining people’s motivations and assumptions. For example, a salesman will present facts that are selected to convince you to buy what he is selling. 4 It’s necessary that you recognize these factors to predict when someone else’s statements might not be accurate or complete. 5 Poking holes in other people’s arguments can be necessary, but you must acknowledge the possibility that your own beliefs sometimes can be wrong. By critically examining both your own and others’ opinions, you can understand the way the world works and make decisions in light of the truth. A．Analysing information requires critical thinking. B．And he will leave out facts that don’t help him reach that goal. C．Thus, the first step to critical thinking must always be listening. D．Because it’s possible to draw incorrect conclusions from correct facts. E．So learning about the common arguments and your own beliefs can help. F．The most important question is whether the facts they state are actually true. G．Critical thinking requires examining your own ideas and assumptions as well. 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．F 4．B 5．G 【导语】本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了如何练习批判性思维，理性判断生活中的各种信息。 1．根据上文“Every day we are filled with information, much of which is given by people who want to shape our decisions. So, we need to evaluate the information and determine how we should respond. (每天我们的生活都充满了信息，其中大部分是由想要影响我们决策的人提供的。因此，我们需要评估信息并确定我们应该如何应对。)”可知，上文告诉我们需要评估每天接收到的信息并确定我们应该如何应对，A项意为“分析信息需要批判性思维。”，选项能够承接上文，介绍了评估和应对信息的方法，分析信息需要批判性思维。故选A。 2．根据上文“You cannot evaluate an argument that you do not understand. (你无法评估一个你不理解的论点。)”可知，上文告诉我们不能评估一个不理解的论点，C项意为“因此，批判性思维的第一步必须始终是倾听。”，选项能够承接上文，当遇到一个不理解的论点时，第一步必须是倾听，下文介绍了倾听的具体方法。故选C。 3．根据上文“Once you understand what the person is saying, then you can consider whether it’s true. (一旦你理解了这个人在说什么，你就可以考虑这是不是真的。)”可知，上文告诉我们批判性思维的第二步是考虑对方的话是不是真的，F项意为“最重要的问题是他们陈述的事实是否真实。”，选项能够承接上文，我们需要考虑他们陈述的事实是否真实，下文介绍了具体的判断方法。故选F。 4．根据上文“Critical thinking also involves examining people’s motivations and assumptions. For example, a salesman will present facts that are selected to convince you to buy what he is selling. (批判性思维还包括检查人们的动机和假设。例如，一个推销员会展示一些经过挑选的事实，说服你买他卖的东西。)”可知，上文告诉我们推销员为了卖货，会展示一些能够说服你买东西的事实，B项意为“他会忽略那些无助于他实现目标的事实。”，选项能够承接上文，推销员会展示一些能够说服你买东西的事实，忽略那些无助于他实现目标的事实。故选B。 5．根据下文“Poking holes in other people’s arguments can be necessary, but you must acknowledge the possibility that your own beliefs sometimes can be wrong. (在别人的论点中挖洞可能是必要的，但你必须承认自己的信仰有时可能是错误的。)”可知，下文告诉我们也要考虑自己的信仰是否正确，G项意为“批判性思维也需要审视自己的想法和假设。”，选项能够概括段落内容，下文具体介绍了审视自己的想法和假设的作用。故选G。 Passage 2 （浙江省嘉兴市2024-2025学年高二上学期期末测试英语试题）The word for Samoans to say hello is Talofa. 1 It depends on who they’re speaking with and the formality of the situation. In the old days, Samoans greeted each other by touching foreheads and noses together. The practice was widely discontinued after the Spanish influenza pandemic (流行病) wiped out around 20 percent of our population. 2 Now, what about the language that Samoans use to greet people? Talofa is the official word for hello in Samoan. 3 That is Si-o’u-alofa, which literally means: my love, but the unspoken understanding behind it is that I’m offering my love to the person I’m addressing. So basically, Talofa means my love is for you. Another greeting expression is Ua’e sau, which confused me when I first heard it. But I soon learned that it’s so common and so very Samoan. When you show up somewhere, it’s perfectly natural for a Samoan to ask, “Ua’e sau? ” 4 Anyone outside our culture might think, “Uhh, can you not see that I am here, and I have arrived?” Actually, it’s just a way for the greeter to acknowledge you are now in their presence. Also I’ve noticed that if your arrival is unexpected, this question is a beautifully subtle (微妙的) way of asking why you are here. 5 A．It means, “Have you arrived? ” B．But they use a few other greetings as well. C．Remember it next time a Samoan asks you, “Ua’e sau? ” D．They might wonder why you bother to ask such a question. E．It comes from an older greeting packed with beautiful meaning. F．So we should practice some of Samoa’s most common greeting words. G．These days, Samoans like to greet each other with a single kiss on the cheek. 【答案】1．B 2．G 3．E 4．A 5．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了萨摩亚人打招呼的一些方式。 1．上文“The word for Samoans to say hello is Talofa . (萨摩亚人说你好是Talofa。)”指出萨摩亚人打招呼的会说Talofa，下文“It depends on who they’re speaking with and the formality of the situation.(这取决于他们与谁交谈以及情况的正式程度)”指出萨摩亚人与谁交谈以及情况的正式程度也会决定他们的打招呼方式，由此可知，萨摩亚人应该有不同的打招呼方式，B项“但他们也使用其他几种问候语。”符合，故选B。 2．上文“In the old days, Samoans greeted each other by touching foreheads and noses together. The practice was widely discontinued after the Spanish influenza pandemic (流行病) wiped out around 20 percent of our population.(在过去，萨摩亚人通过额头和鼻子相触来互相问候。在西班牙流感大流行夺去了我们大约20%的人口，这种做法被广泛停止了)”指出流感使得萨摩亚人改变了原来的打招呼方式，空处承接上文，指出他们改变后的打招呼方式，G项“现在，萨摩亚人喜欢在脸颊上单吻互相打招呼。”符合，故选G。 3．下文“That is Si-o’u-alofa, which literally means: my love, but the unspoken understanding behind it is that I’m offering my love to the person I’m addressing.(那是Si-o’u-alofa，字面意思是：我的爱，但其背后的言外之意是我将我的爱献给我打招呼的人)”解释了Talofa的来源，E项“它来自一个充满美好意义的古老问候。”符合语境，引出下文，故选E。 4．上文“When you show up somewhere, it’s perfectly natural for a Samoan to ask, “Ua’e sau? ”(当你出现在某个地方时，萨摩亚人问“Ua’e sau? ”是很自然的)”指出使用“Ua’e sau? ”的具体情境，即当你出现在某个地方时，空处承接上文，具体解释“Ua’e sau?”这一表达的意思，A项“这意味着，‘你到了吗？’”符合，故选A。 5．上文“Actually, it’s just a way for the greeter to acknowledge you are now in their presence. Also I’ve noticed that if your arrival is unexpected, this question is a beautifully subtle (微妙的) way of asking why you are here. (其实，这只是主人表示欢迎的一种方式，也是他们确认你已经到达的一种方式。我还注意到，如果你的到访是出乎意料，这个问题是一种非常巧妙的方式在问你为什么来这里)”解释了人们为什么会用Ua’e sau?，即这是一种表示欢迎的方式，空处承接上文，指出我们应该了解这种方式，以免理解错了，C项“下次有萨摩亚人问你“Ua’e sau?”时，记得它。”符合，故选C。 Passage 3 （浙江省杭州市下沙区杭四吴山2024-2025学年高二上学期期末考英语试卷）Living a healthy lifestyle is all about choosing to make healthy choices each day. Adding more nutritious foods to your diet, making an effort to exercise throughout the week, and prioritizing your mental health are just a few of the things you can do to begin living a healthier and happier life. We’ve compiled a list of tips and advice from professionals about what you can do to improve your physical, mental, and emotional health. 1 Create specific health goals. 2 When you have specific goals you want to achieve, you’ll be more motivated to implement healthy changes in your life. Identify what parts of your lifestyle you want to improve and set measurable, attainable, relevant, and time-bound goals that are specific to better guarantee your success. Eat well. Choose nutritious foods and create a well-balanced diet. It’s no secret that eating healthy is one of the keys to achieving a healthy lifestyle. When you follow a healthy diet, you reduce your risk for obesity, heart disease, type 2 diabetes, high blood pressure, and certain types of cancers. 3 Practice mindful eating. Pay attention to your portion sizes and enjoy your meals. Eating mindfully, means being aware of and paying attention to what you’re eating without any distractions. 4 It also leaves you feeling full with less food, and make you more aware of your food choices. Drink plenty of water. Make conscious effort to stay hydrated throughout the day. Water helps you digest food, keeps you hydrated, and flushes out toxins from your body. For adults, drink around 13 cups (3.1 L) of water a day to stay properly hydrated, though this amount can vary depending on your age, weight, environment, and physical activity level. Take supplements as needed. Ask your doctor about taking supplements such as Vitamin C to get more nutrients. Taking dietary supplements is a good option when your diet isn’t giving you enough of the vitamins and nutrients you need to stay healthy. 5 A．Come up with specific actionable goals to improve your health. B．It’s definitely possible to get all the nutrients you need purely from the food you eat, but there are still gaps to be filled. C．By the end of this article, you’ll be ready to star changing your life for the better. D．A good night’s sleep can help you avoid getting sick and focus better during the day. E．Not only that, but healthy eating can also improve your mood and make you happier. F．Just like nutritious food, water is essential to keeping your body healthy. G．Solely focusing on the act of eating when you sit down for a meal helps promote better digestion. 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．E 4．G 5．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一些改善身心健康和情绪健康以实现健康生活方式的建议。 1．上文“We’ve compiled a list of tips and advice from professionals about what you can do to improve your physical, mental, and emotional health.(我们汇编了一份来自专业人士的建议清单，关于你可以做些什么来改善你的身体、心理和情绪健康)”及下文各段内容说明，文章主要讲了一些改善身体、心理和情绪健康的建议，空处承上启下，应说明读者读完文章后会有所收获。C选项“By the end of this article, you’ll be ready to start changing your life for the better.(到本文结束时，你将准备好开始让你的生活变得更好)”，既承接了上文收集建议的内容，又引出下文具体的改善健康的方法，起到了很好的过渡作用。故选C。 2．小标题“Create specific health goals.(设定具体的健康目标)”表明了这一段的主题。A 选项“Come up with specific actionable goals to improve your health.(想出具体的可采取行动的目标来改善你的健康)”与小标题相呼应，且下文“When you have specific goals you want to achieve, you’ll be more motivated to implement healthy changes in your life.(当你有想要实现的具体目标时，你就会更有动力在生活中实施健康的改变)”进一步阐述了有具体目标的好处，A 选项内容与上下文逻辑一致，符合语境。故选A。 3．上文“When you follow a healthy diet, you reduce your risk for obesity, heart disease, type 2 diabetes, high blood pressure, and certain types of cancers.(当你遵循健康的饮食时，你患肥胖症、心脏病、2型糖尿病、高血压和某些类型癌症的风险就会降低)”说明健康饮食可以降低患某些疾病的风险，空处承接上文，应继续说明健康饮食的好处。E选项中的healthy eating与上文的a healthy diet相呼应，且选项内容“Not only that, but healthy eating can also improve your mood and make you happier.(不仅如此，健康饮食还可以改善你的心情，让你更快乐)”进一步说明了健康饮食的好处，与上文在内容上是递进关系，符合语境。故选E。 4．上文“Eating mindfully, means being aware of and paying attention to what you’re eating without any distractions.(用心饮食意味着在没有任何干扰的情况下意识到并关注你正在吃的东西)”说明本段主要讲的是用心饮食的概念，空处承接上文，应继续说明用心进食的好处。G选项中的focusing on the act of eating与上文的being aware of and paying attention to what you’re eating相呼应，且选项内容“Solely focusing on the act of eating when you sit down for a meal helps promote better digestion.(当你坐下来吃饭时，只专注于进食行为有助于促进更好的消化)”进一步说明了用心饮食(专注于进食行为)带来的好处，即促进消化，符合语境。故选G。 5．小标题“Take supplements as needed.(根据需要服用补充剂)”及上文“Taking dietary supplements is a good option when your diet isn’t giving you enough of the vitamins and nutrients you need to stay healthy.(当你的饮食不能提供足够维持健康的维生素和营养素时，服用膳食补充剂是一个不错的选择)”说明，本段主要讲的是在饮食不能满足需求时，可以服用膳食补充剂，空处承接上文，应继续说明服用膳食补充剂的相关内容。B选项中的there are still gaps to be filled与上文中的your diet isn’t giving you enough相呼应，且选项内容“It’s definitely possible to get all the nutrients you need purely from the food you eat, but there are still gaps to be filled.(完全有可能仅从你吃的食物中获取所有所需的营养素，但仍然存在一些需要填补的缺口)”解释了为什么即使可以从食物中获取营养，有时仍需要服用补充剂，即食物获取的营养存在缺口，与上文逻辑连贯。故选B。 Passage 4 （浙江省杭州市西湖区杭高贡院,杭高钱江,杭高钱塘2024-2025学年高二上学期期末考英语试卷）Hobbies are more than just a fun way to kill the time. A widespread and harmful misunderstanding is that engaging in hobbies mirrors a lack of self-discipline. 1 In fact, hobbies can provide essential balance in our lives and enhance overall well-being. The benefits you obtain will depend on your hobby-taking up jogging, for instance, will benefit your cardiovascular (心血管的) health. The point is that nearly all hobbies can provide measurable positive health benefits. If we regularly spend time on hobbies, we usually enjoy a higher level of fitness. 2 . A 2023 comprehensive analysis of multiple studies found strong evidence that engaging in leisure activities can improve health by protecting against heart disease and age-related problems. But another of the researchers’ findings is perhaps the most striking: the strong relationship between doing leisure activities and increased longevity (长寿). 3 It found that older adults have a 19% lower risk of disease-related death when they engage in regular leisure activities. 4 They are vital to sustaining our mental health. People who made a conscious effort each day to spend time doing hobbies (no matter what they were) showed an average boost of 8% in well-being and a 10% drop in stress and anxiety, according to a 2023 study published in the Journal of Personality. “In general, humans need meaning, something that gives them a sense of purpose. 5 ” says Dr Hafeez, who has led several massive studies on hobbies. “Engaging in what you enjoy greatly enhances your well-being.” With all these visible benefits of hobbies, why not just make time for activities that bring you joy and fulfillment every day? A．The science backs this up. B．Hobbies make us happier. C．You gain a lot from hobbies. D．Nothing could be further from the truth. E．The more you engage in hobbies, the longer you will live. F．A different study conducted last year confirmed the impact. G．And being able to pursue your passion really contributes to that. 【答案】1．D 2．A 3．F 4．B 5．G 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章反驳了认为从事爱好是缺乏自律的误解，论述了爱好能为生活带来平衡、提升幸福感，对身心健康和长寿有益等观点。 1．上文“A widespread and harmful misunderstanding is that engaging in hobbies mirrors a lack of self discipline.(一个广泛存在且有害的误解是，从事爱好反映了缺乏自律)”提出了关于爱好的错误观点，D选项“Nothing could be further from the truth.(没有比这更偏离事实的了)”对上文的错误观点进行了反驳，引出下文“In fact, hobbies can provide essential balance in our lives and enhance overall well-being.(事实上，爱好可以为我们的生活提供必要的平衡，提高整体幸福感)”对爱好好处的论述，上下文逻辑连贯。故选D项。 2．上文“If we regularly spend time on hobbies, we usually enjoy a higher level of fitness.(如果我们定期花时间在爱好上，我们通常会有更高的健康水平)”表明爱好对健康有益，A选项“The science backs this up.(科学证实了这一点)”引出下文用研究结果来支持这一观点，上下文衔接自然。故选A项。 3．上文提到了研究发现从事休闲活动与长寿有密切关系，F选项“A different study conducted last year confirmed the impact.(去年进行的另一项研究证实了这种影响)”进一步说明有不同的研究也证实了相关影响，且后文“It found that older adults have a 19% lower risk of disease related death when they engage in regular leisure activities.(研究发现，老年人经常参加休闲活动，与疾病相关的死亡风险降低19%)”是该研究的具体发现，上下文逻辑紧密。故选F项。 4．下文“They are vital to sustaining our mental health.(它们对维持我们的心理健康至关重要)”强调爱好对心理健康的重要性，B选项“Hobbies make us happier.(爱好让我们更快乐)”引出下文关于爱好对心理健康影响的论述，“happier”与“mental health”相关，上下文衔接合理。故选B项。 5．上文“humans need meaning, something that gives them a sense of purpose.(人类需要意义，需要能给他们带来目标感的东西)”指出人类需要有目标感的事物，G选项“And being able to pursue your passion really contributes to that.(能够追求自己的爱好真的有助于实现这一点)”说明爱好能满足人类对目标感的需求，与上文逻辑一致。故选G项。 主题02 人与自我——做人与做事 Passage 1 （浙江省杭州市2024-2025学年高二上学期期末考试英语试题）Positive Thinking Quotes To Inspire Optimism We have all been given the gift that is life. 1 We can choose to waste it, or we can choose to have the best life possible. 2 Some people are afraid of change, preferring to continue along in the rut (车辙) that they have dug for themselves. They are leading a wasted life because they are not making use of their full potential. They are not achieving because they are afraid of what will happen if they try. The key to achieving a successful life is to change your view of yourself and the world around you. Every aspect of your life can be changed through positive thinking. Think positively about yourself, and you will become more confident and more decisive. When faced with a problem, think to yourself, “I can do this.” 3 Don’t give up and be negative. Keep trying until the job is done. Never accept defeat. Don’t allow others to persuade you that something cannot be done. There is always a way, and the positive thinker will keep looking for that alternative way. 4 Maintaining an open mind allows the positive thinker to take every opportunity that they meet, and use it to their advantage. Hard work and commitment scare some people. They fear that in some way, they are not good enough or skilled enough to succeed. 5 They know that they are good enough and know how to get the skills they need. A positive thinker is a learner, as knowledge is always useful. A．What we do with it is up to us. B．The positive thinker will overcome these doubts. C．Then find the best way to achieve the result you want. D．Anyone with a negative attitude towards life can change. E．Positive thinking is the oil that keeps the wheels of your ambition turning. F．A positive thinker will always be ready to adapt his ideas to suit the situation. G．Most people want to look back at a long life filled with success and happiness. 【答案】1．A 2．D 3．C 4．F 5．B 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讲述了积极思维对于改变自我认知、面对挑战和取得成功的重要性。 1．由上文“We have all been given the gift that is life. (我们都被赋予了生命这份礼物。)”和下文“We can choose to waste it, or we can choose to have the best life possible. (我们可以选择浪费它，也可以选择过上最好的生活。)”可知，上文提到生命是一份礼物，下文描述了利用生命的方式，本空应承上启下，说明我们如何使用这份礼物由我们自己决定。A选项“What we do with it is up to us. (我们如何使用它取决于我们自己。)”能承上启下，符合题意。A选项中it指代the gift that is life，故选A。 2．由下文“Some people are afraid of change, preferring to continue along in the rut (车辙) that they have dug for themselves. They are leading a wasted life because they are not making use of their full potential. They are not achieving because they are afraid of what will happen if they try. (有些人害怕改变，宁愿继续走他们为自己挖的老路。他们过着浪费的生活，因为他们没有充分发挥自己的潜力。他们没有成功，因为他们害怕如果他们尝试会发生什么。)”可知，本段主要说明有些人害怕改变，没有发挥出自己的潜力，过着浪费的生活。本空应概括下文，强调不要害怕改变。D选项“Anyone with a negative attitude towards life can change. (任何对生活持消极态度的人都可以改变。)”能概括下文，符合题意。故选D。 3．由上文“When faced with a problem, think to yourself, “I can do this.” (当面对问题时，对自己说，“我能做到。”)”及下文“Don’t give up and be negative. Keep trying until the job is done. (不要放弃和消极。继续努力，直到工作完成。)”可知，上文提到要对自己说“我能做到”，下文则说要继续努力不放弃，本句应承接上文说明要做到上文所说的事，即要找到实现想要的结果的最好方法。C选项“Then find the best way to achieve the result you want. (然后找到实现你想要的结果的最好方法。)”能承上启下，符合题意。故选C。 4．由上文“There is always a way, and the positive thinker will keep looking for that alternative way. (总有一种方法，积极的人会继续寻找那种替代方法。)”可知，本句承接上文继续说明积极的人会怎么做，F选项“A positive thinker will always be ready to adapt his ideas to suit the situation. (积极的人会随时准备调整自己的想法以适应情况。)”说明积极的人懂得变通，能随时应变，能承接上文，符合题意。故选F。 5．由上文“Hard work and commitment scare some people. They fear that in some way, they are not good enough or skilled enough to succeed. (努力和承诺吓倒了一些人。他们害怕自己在某些方面不够好或技能不够熟练，无法成功。)”可知，上文提到有些人害怕自己不够好或技能不够熟练，无法成功，本句与上文形成转折，说明积极的人会克服这种疑虑。B选项“The positive thinker will overcome these doubts. (积极的人会克服这些疑虑。)”能承接上文，引出下文“They know that they are good enough and know how to get the skills they need. A positive thinker is a learner, as knowledge is always useful.(他们知道自己足够优秀，知道如何获得所需的技能。积极的思考者是学习者，因为知识总是有用的)”讲积极的人会怎么做，符合题意。故选B。 Passage 2 （浙江省金华市十校2024-2025学年高二上学期期末英语试题）Go for a hike outdoors Now is a great time of year to take a hike. The weather is cooler, the days are still fairly long, and trees may be just beginning to change color. Choose a weekend morning or afternoon, and ask family and friends to head out for a hike with you. Here’s how. Pick a path. The first step is to choose where you’re going. 1 Or you can make the walk more of a hike and head to a trail (小路) at a local nature preserve or state park. To find family-friendly trails near you, you can search online for trails by different criteria, such as how close they are to home, length, or level of difficulty. Get prepared. You’ll want to wear comfortable sneakers or hiking boots. Add an extra layer of clothing, such as a light jacket, that you can put on and take off as needed. 2 You could also pack extras, such as binoculars for viewing animals from a distance and a pencil and notebook for sketching. 3 To get your group to take notice of nature on your walk, you could create a scavenger hunt. Make a list of items to look for. At the start of the hike, distribute copies of the list and pencils to the group members. 4 The goal is to be the person who finds the most items. Your list could include flowers or leaves of different colors, spider webs, and mushrooms. Tread lightly. One of the main rules of spending time in nature is to “leave no trace.” This means you want to leave the trail as it was when you found it. Carry out all your trash, and don’t take any leaves, flowers, or branches from trees or bushes. 5 A．Add excitement. B．Seek out signs of animals. C．You can keep it simple and walk around a local park. D．Once the items are found, they cross them off their list. E．Experienced hikers might select trails that offer a challenge. F．You want to keep them there for the wildlife and other hikers to enjoy. G．Grab a backpack that you can use to carry a hat, water and nutritious snacks. 【答案】1．C 2．G 3．A 4．D 5．F 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要针对外出徒步提出了一些建议。 1．根据上文“The first step is to choose where you’re going.(第一步是选择你要去的地方)”以及后文“Or you can make the walk more of a hike and head to a trail (小路) at a local nature preserve or state park. To find family-friendly trails near you, you can search online for trails by different criteria, such as how close they are to home, length, or level of difficulty.(或者你也可以像徒步一样，去当地的自然保护区或州立公园散步。为了在你附近找到适合家庭的小径，你可以根据不同的标准在网上搜索小径，比如它们离家有多近、长度或难度)”可知，本句主要针对如何选择要去的地方进行举例说明。故C选项“你可以保持简单，在当地的公园里散步”符合语境，故选C。 2．根据后文“You could also pack extras, such as binoculars for viewing animals from a distance and a pencil and notebook for sketching.(你也可以带一些额外的东西，比如用于远距离观察动物的双筒望远镜，以及用于素描的铅笔和笔记本)”可知，后文提到带额外的东西，即需要包来装。故G选项“准备一个可以用来装帽子、水和营养零食的背包”符合语境，故选G。 3．根据本段内容“To get your group to take notice of nature on your walk, you could create a scavenger hunt.(为了让你的团队在散步时注意到大自然，你可以设计一个寻宝游戏)”可知，后文提到设计寻宝游戏，即为徒步增加一些趣味和刺激性。故A选项“增加刺激”符合语境，故选A。 4．根据上文“At the start of the hike, distribute copies of the list and pencils to the group members.(在徒步旅行开始时，将清单的副本和铅笔分发给小组成员)”以及后文“The goal is to be the person who finds the most items. Your list could include flowers or leaves of different colors, spider webs, and mushrooms.(我们的目标是成为找到最多物品的人。你的清单可以包括不同颜色的花或叶子、蜘蛛网和蘑菇)”可知，本句主要说明分发清单和铅笔的目的是寻找到物品，故D选项“一旦找到，他们就把它们从清单上划掉”符合语境，故选D。 5．根据上文“One of the main rules of spending time in nature is to “leave no trace.” This means you want to leave the trail as it was when you found it. Carry out all your trash, and don’t take any leaves, flowers, or branches from trees or bushes.(在大自然中度过时光的主要规则之一是“不留痕迹”。这意味着你想要留下你发现它时的痕迹。把你所有的垃圾都带走，不要从树木或灌木丛中拿走任何树叶、花朵或树枝)”可知，上文提到不拿走从树木或灌木丛中拿走任何树叶、花朵或树枝，本句为本段最后一句，说明这么做的原因。故F选项“你想把它们留在那里，让野生动物和其他徒步旅行者享用”符合语境，故选F。 Passage 3 （浙江省衢州市2024-2025学年高二上学期教学质量检测英语试题）How to overcome fixed mindset When you have a fixed mindset, you limit your potential because of your beliefs. A person with a fixed mindset believes that self-improvement is hopeless, and you can’t improve your abilities. 1 Here are some strategies to help you overcome the fixed mindset. · Work with your learning style You understand information according to your preferred learning style. You may be unaware of what it is, but you will unconsciously express preferences. You may choose diagrams to words or listening to seeing. 2 Most people have a mix of learning styles, but everyone has strong preferences. Therefore, you can learn new skills with an approach that feels natural to you. · Reward behavior not people When people praise you because you are “smart”, it implies that you possess the fixed quality of being “smart.” For example, if you solve a puzzle quickly, and someone says, “You are so smart,” it might lead you to believe that your success is due to your inherent intelligence. 3 · Capture the day’s lessons Before going to bed, sit, and reflect on what you have learned so you can absorb that knowledge. After the day’s journey ends, you can sit quietly and think or record your experiences in a journal. 4 An evening reflection lets you plan to do better the following day, so you continually refine your methods for achieving success. · Don’t reinvent the wheel 5 If someone jumps off a cliff, you don’t need to do the same. If you see someone has made a mistake, it is an opportunity to avoid making that mistake yourself. We learn the lessons of history, so we don’t make the mistake of repeating them. A．It is not possible for you to make a change. B．Stay positive and learn from your mistakes. C．There is no need to repeat other people’s mistakes. D．But you can break free of the box and change your mindset. E．Alternatively, you may need hands-on experience through practical classes. F．You may also need time to review what works and what needs a new approach. G．Meanwhile, this can overshadow the importance of hard work and the learning process. 【答案】1．D 2．E 3．G 4．F 5．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一些克服固定思维的策略。 1．上文“When you have a fixed mindset, you limit your potential because of your beliefs. A person with a fixed mindset believes that self-improvement is hopeless, and you can’t improve your abilities. (当你持有固定型思维模式时，你会因为你的信念而限制自己的潜力。具有固定型思维的人认为自我提升是毫无希望的，并且认为自己的能力无法得到提高)”指出固定思维模式的缺点，下文“Here are some strategies to help you overcome the fixed mindset.(以下是一些帮助你克服固定思维的策略)”指出有一些帮助你克服固定思维的策略，由此可知，空处应该指出我们要打破固定思维，D项“但你可以打破思维定势，改变自己的心态”与上文构成转折关系，引起下文，故选D。 2．上文“You understand information according to your preferred learning style. You may be unaware of what it is, but you will unconsciously express preferences. You may choose diagrams to words or listening to seeing.(你根据自己的学习风格来理解信息。你可能不知道这是什么，但你会无意识地表达偏好。你可能会选择图表而不是文字，听而不是看)”指出改变学习风格的一些具体做法，空处也应是一些方法，E项“或者，你可能需要通过实践课程获得动手经验”进一步举例说明了不同的学习风格偏好，与上文列举的偏好相呼应，符合语境，故选E。 3．上文“For example, if you solve a puzzle quickly, and someone says, “You are so smart,” it might lead you to believe that your success is due to your inherent intelligence.(例如，如果你快速解决了一个谜题，有人称赞你“你真聪明”，你可能会认为你的成功是由于你天生的智力)”指出当别人赞美你聪明时，你可能会认为你的成功是由于你天生的智力，空处承接上文，应指出其后果，G项“同时，这可能会掩盖努力工作和学习过程的重要性”承接上文内容，指出这种表扬方式带来的负面影响，即忽视了努力和学习过程的重要性，符合语境，故选G。 4．上文“After the day’s journey ends, you can sit quietly and think or record your experiences in a journal. (在一天的旅程结束后，你可以静静地坐着思考或在日记中记录你的经历)”指出一天的旅程结束后，你需要思考，下文“An evening reflection lets you plan to do better the following day, so you continually refine your methods for achieving success.(晚上的反思让你计划在第二天做得更好，因此你不断地完善您的成功方法)”指出反思的好处，因此空处应指出我们要反思，F项“你可能还需要时间来审查什么有效，什么需要新的方法”进一步阐述了反思的内容，与上下文关于反思的内容相契合，故选F。 5．下文“If someone jumps off a cliff, you don’t need to do the same. If you see someone has made a mistake, it is an opportunity to avoid making that mistake yourself. We learn the lessons of history, so we don’t make the mistake of repeating them.(如果有人从悬崖上跳下去，你不需要做同样的事情。如果你看到有人犯了错误，这是一个避免自己犯同样错误的机会。我们从历史中学到教训，这样我们就不会犯重复这些错误的过失)”说明看到别人犯错是一个避免自己犯错的机会，C项“没有必要重复别人的错误”点明本段主旨，与下文内容相呼应，故选C。 Passage 4 （浙江省宁波市慈溪市2024-2025学年高二上学期期末考试英语试题）Self-discipline is the ability to push yourself forward, stay motivated, and take action, regardless of how you’re feeling, physically or emotionally. It is a basic life skill that determines success, well-being, and happiness. 1 Choose a goal. 2 You can practice self-discipline on very small goals such as concentrating on a book for an hour without checking your messages, or avoiding unhealthy food for one day. Remember, starting small is a good way to start developing your self-discipline. 3 Once you’ve chosen a goal, list the reasons why you want to achieve it. Try to express these reasons in a positive way, and you’ll find it much easier to get the job done. Instead of saying “I want to get this task off my to-do list”, say “I want to do this task so that I can meet my objectives and feel satisfied with myself!” Identify obstacles. Now you need to identify the obstacles that you’ll likely to face when working toward your goal. Imagine that your goal is to read one book a week to enhance your reading skills. You may face a number of obstacles in reaching this goal. 4 You may also get distracted by things around you. Once you’ve identified obstacles, come up with a strategy to overcome each one. Monitor your progress. As you work on your self-discipline, pay attention to how you’re feeling. 5 This reinforces the positive changes that you’re experiencing in your life, and gives you a record that you can look back on to see the progress that you’ve made. A．Find your motivation. B．Behave in a positive way. C．Never give in to the barriers you come across. D．For example, it’s hard to find time each day to read. E．Begin by choosing just one goal that you want to focus on. F．Keep a journal to write down your goal and to track your progress. G．Here are some science-backed strategies to become more self-disciplined in life. 【答案】1．G 2．E 3．A 4．D 5．F 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了自我约束的重要性，并给出了五条提高生活中自我约束能力的、有科学依据的策略。 1．由上文“Self-discipline is the ability to push yourself forward, stay motivated, and take action, regardless of how you’re feeling, physically or emotionally. It is a basic life skill that determines success, well-being, and happiness. (自律是促使自己前进、保持动力并采取行动的能力，无论你在身体或情感上感觉如何。它是一种基本的生活技能，决定着成功、幸福和健康。)”和下文“Choose a goal. (选择一个目标)”可知，上文主要讲述了自律的含义和重要性，下文主要讲述了提高自律性的具体方法。本空应承上启下，强调恰当的、科学的更加自律的策略。G选项“Here are some science-backed strategies to become more self-disciplined in life. (以下是一些有科学依据的、能让你在生活中更加自律的策略。)”承上启下，符合题意。下文的内容均是对G选项中“strategies”的具体说明。故选G。 2．由上文“Choose a goal. (选择一个目标。)”及下文“You can practice self-discipline on very small goals such as concentrating on a book for an hour without checking your messages, or avoiding unhealthy food for one day. (你可以在一些非常小的目标上练习自律，比如在不查看信息的情况下专注读书一个小时，或者一天不吃不健康的食物。)”可知，上文提到了选择一个目标，下文则是对这一目标的举例说明，且提到了目标很小。本空应强调自律要从一个目标开始。E选项“Begin by choosing just one goal that you want to focus on. (从你想要专注的一个目标开始。)”能承上启下，符合题意。故选E。 3．由下文“Once you’ve chosen a goal, list the reasons why you want to achieve it. (一旦你选择了目标，就列出你想要实现它的原因。)”可知，本空应强调列出想要实现目标的原因，即要找到动机。A选项“Find your motivation. (找到你的动机。)”符合题意，且下文中的“the reasons why you want to achieve it”与A选项中的“motivation”相呼应。故选A。 4．由上文“Now you need to identify the obstacles that you’ll likely to face when working toward your goal. Imagine that your goal is to read one book a week to enhance your reading skills. You may face a number of obstacles in reaching this goal. (现在你需要识别出你在努力实现目标的过程中可能会遇到的障碍。想象一下，你的目标是每周读一本书来提高你的阅读能力。你可能会在实现这个目标的过程中遇到许多障碍。)”及下文“You may also get distracted by things around you. (你也可能会被周围的事情分散注意力。)”可知，本段主要讲述识别障碍，且下文举例说明了可能会遇到的障碍，本空也应举例说明可能会遇到的障碍，D选项“For example, it’s hard to find time each day to read. (例如，每天很难找到时间读书。)”也是举例说明，符合题意，且选项中的“hard to find time each day to read”与上文的“read one book a week”相呼应。故选D。 5．由上文“As you work on your self-discipline, pay attention to how you’re feeling. (当你在培养自律的过程中，要注意你的感受。)”及下文“This reinforces the positive changes that you’re experiencing in your life, and gives you a record that you can look back on to see the progress that you’ve made. (这会强化你在生活中所经历的积极变化，并给你一份可以回顾的记录，让你看到你所取得的进步。)”可知，上文提到要关注自己的感受，下文提到要记录积极变化，本空应强调记日记的推动作用。F选项“Keep a journal to write down your goal and to track your progress. (记日记来写下你的目标并追踪你的进度。)”能承上启下，符合题意，且选项中的“journal”与下文的“record”相呼应。故选F。 主题03 人与社会——历史，社会与文化 Passage 1 （浙江省青田县中学2024-2025学年高二上学期1月期末英语试题）No disciplines have seized on professionalism with as much enthusiasm as the humanities. You can, Mr. Menand points out, become a lawyer in three years and a medical doctor in four. 1 . Not surprisingly, up to half of all doctoral students in English drop out before getting their degrees. His concern is mainly with the humanities: literature, languages, philosophy and so on. These are disciplines that are going out of style: 22% of American college graduates now major in business compared with only 2% in history and 4% in English. However, many leading American universities want their undergraduates to have a grounding in the basic canon of ideas that every educated person should possess. 2 . At Harvard, Mr Menand notes, “the great books are read because they have been read” - they form a sort of social glue. Equally unsurprisingly, only about half end up with professorships for which they entered graduate school. 3 This is partly because universities continue to produce ever more PhDs. 4 : English departments awarded more bachelor’s degrees in 1970-71 than they did 20 years later. Fewer students require fewer teachers. So, at the end of a decade of thesis-writing, many humanities students leave the profession to do something for which they have not been trained. One reason why it is hard to design and teach such courses is that they cut across the insistence by top American universities that liberal-arts education and professional education should be kept separate, taught in different schools. 5 . Although more than half of Harvard undergraduates end up in law, medicine or business, future doctors and lawyers must study a non-specialist liberal-arts degree before embarking on a professional qualification. A．Yet quite how that happens, Mr Menand does not say. B．Otherwise, academics will continue to think dangerously alike. C．There are simply too few posts. D．But most find it difficult to agree on what a “general education” should look like. E．Many students experience both varieties. F．But fewer students want to study humanities subjects. G．But the regular time it takes to get a doctoral degree in the humanities is nine years. 【答案】1．G 2．D 3．C 4．F 5．E 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讲述了人文学科博士学位获取时间长，就业难，学生不愿学，但大学仍想让学生学习人文学科基本知识。 1．由上文“No disciplines have seized on professionalism with as much enthusiasm as the humanities. You can, Mr. Menand points out, become a lawyer in three years and a medical doctor in four. (没有哪个学科像人文学科那样对专业精神充满热情。Menand先生指出，你可以在三年内成为一名律师，四年内成为医生。)”和下文“Not surprisingly, up to half of all doctoral students in English drop out before getting their degrees. (不足为奇的是，多达一半的英语博士生在没有获得学位之前就辍学了。)”可知，上文对比了成为律师和医生所需的时间。下文说明了英语博士生的辍学情况。本空应强调人文学科获得学位时间长导致辍学率高。G选项“But the regular time it takes to get a doctoral degree in the humanities is nine years. (但获得人文学科博士学位的常规时间是九年。)”与上文形成对比，突出了人文学科获得博士学位所需时间之长，这与下文英语博士生高辍学率的情况相呼应，符合题意。故选G。 2．由上文“However, many leading American universities want their undergraduates to have a grounding in the basic canon of ideas that every educated person should possess. (然而，许多美国顶尖大学希望他们的本科生能够掌握每个受过教育的人都应该具备的基本思想体系。)”和下文“At Harvard, Mr Menand notes, “the great books are read because they have been read” - they form a sort of social glue. (Menand指出，在哈佛，“伟大的著作之所以被阅读，是因为它们已经被阅读过”——它们构成了一种社会粘合剂。)”可知，上文描述美国顶尖大学希望本科生掌握基本的思想体系。下文说明了哈佛等大学对经典著作的重视。本空应强调许多大学希望本科生有基本思想基础，但对于怎样教育本科生有基本思想基础存在分歧。D选项“But most find it difficult to agree on what a ‘general education’ should look like. (但大多数人发现，很难就“通识教育”应该是什么样子达成一致。)”能承上启下，说明虽然大学希望本科生掌握基本思想体系，但在具体实施上存在困难，即对于通识教育的具体形式存在分歧，符合题意。故选D。 3．由上文“Equally unsurprisingly, only about half end up with professorships for which they entered graduate school. (同样不出所料的是，只有大约一半的人最终获得了他们进入研究生院时所追求的教授职位。)”和下文“This is partly because universities continue to produce ever more PhDs. (这部分是因为大学继续培养越来越多的博士生。)”可知，上文说明了人文学科博士生最终获得教授职位的比例较低，下文解释了原因。本空也应进一步解释了人文学科博士生难以获得教授职位的原因。C选项“There are simply too few posts. (职位简直太少了。)”进一步解释了人文学科博士生难以获得教授职位的原因，即职位数量有限，能承上启下，符合题意。故选C。 4．由下文“English departments awarded more bachelor’s degrees in 1970-71 than they did 20 years later. (英语系在1970-71年授予的学士学位比20年后还要多。学生少了，需要的老师也就少了。)”可知，下文说明了英语系学生数量的减少，本空应强调英语系学生数量的减少的原因。F选项“But fewer students want to study humanities subjects. (但越来越少的学生想学习人文学科。)”说明了学生对人文学科的兴趣减少，导致需求下降，进而影响了教授职位的数量，能引起下文，符合题意。故选F。 5．由上文“One reason why it is hard to design and teach such courses is that they cut across the insistence by top American universities that liberal-arts education and professional education should be kept separate, taught in different schools. (设计和教授这样的课程之所以困难，一个原因是它们与美国顶尖大学坚持的文科教育和专业教育应该分开、在不同学校教授的观点相悖。)”和下文“Although more than half of Harvard undergraduates end up in law, medicine or business, future doctors and lawyers must study a non-specialist liberal-arts degree before embarking on a professional qualification. (尽管超过一半的哈佛本科生最终从事法律、医学或商业行业，但未来的医生和律师在获得专业资格之前必须学习非专业的文科学位。)”可知，上文说明了设计和教授通识课程的困难，下文说明了哈佛等大学在通识教育方面的实践。本空应强调学生对这种教育的体验，E选项“Many students experience both varieties. (许多学生都经历过这两种情况。)”说明许多学生实际上既接受了人文教育，也接受了某种形式的专业教育或预备教育。这既符合前文提到的教育融合趋势，也为后文关于学生选择和专业教育路径的讨论提供了铺垫。故选E。 Passage 2 （浙江省丽水市遂昌中学2024-2025学年高二上学期1月期末英语试题） 1 . At first, people were worried about security. But having made a successful purchase from, say, Amazon, they felt safe buying elsewhere. Similarly, using Airbnb or a car-hire service for the first time encourages people to try other offerings. Next, consider eBay. Having started out as a peer-to-peer marketplace, it is now dominated by professional “power seller” (many of whom started out as ordinary eBay users). The same may happen with the sharing economy, which also provides new opportunities for enterprise. Some people have bought cars solely to rent them out, for example. Existing rental businesses are getting involved too. 2 . In future, companies may develop hybrid (混合的) models, listing excess capacity (whether vehicles, equipment or office space) on peer-to-peer rental sites. In the past, new ways of doing things online have not displaced the old ways entirely. But they have often changed them. Just as internet shopping forced Wal-mart and Tesco to adapt, so online sharing will shake up transport, tourism, equipment-hire and more. 3 . Will room-renters be subject to hotel taxes, for example? In Amsterdam officials are using Airbnb listings to track down unlicensed hotels. In some American cities, peer-to-peer taxi services have been banned after lobbying by traditional taxi firms. The danger is that although some rules need to be updated to protect consumers from harm, existing rental businesses will try to destroy competition. People who rent out rooms should pay tax, of course, but they should not be regulated like a Ritz-Carlton hotel. The lighter rules that typically govern bed-and-breakfasts are more than adequate. 4 . This emerging model is now big and disruptive (颠覆性的) enough for regulators and companies to have woken up to it. That is a sign of its immense potential. 5 . A．It is time to start caring about sharing. B．The main worry is regulatory uncertainty. C．Avis, a car-hire firm, has a share in a sharing rival. So do GM and Daimler, two carmakers. D．But the remarkable thing is how well the system usually works. E．The sharing economy is the latest example of the internet’s value to consumers. F．For sociable souls, meeting new people by staying in their homes is part of the charm. G．The sharing economy is a little like online shopping, which started in America 15 year ago. 【答案】1．G 2．C 3．B 4．F 5．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是共享经济模式的兴起及其对传统租赁业务的影响。 1．空后“At first, people were worried about security. But having made a successful purchase from, say, Amazon, they felt safe buying elsewhere. Similarly, using Airbnb or a car-hire service for the first time encourages people to try other offerings. Next, consider eBay.(起初，人们担心安全问题。但在亚马逊（Amazon）等地成功购物后，他们觉得在其他地方购物是安全的。同样，第一次使用Airbnb或租车服务会鼓励人们尝试其他服务。接下来，考虑一下eBay。)”可知，空后举出亚马逊和eBay两个购物网站，空格处应该总起全文，引出一种和亚马逊和eBay有关的经济形式，G选项“The sharing economy is a little like online shopping, which started in America 15 year ago.(共享经济有点像15年前在美国兴起的网上购物。)”引出了像购物网站一样的共享经济，因此引起下文，符合语境，故选G。 2．空前“Existing rental businesses are getting involved too.(现有的租赁企业也在参与进来。)”说明了现有的租赁企业也在参与进来，空格处应该举例说明具体有什么租赁企业参与进来，C选项“Avis, a car-hire firm, has a share in a sharing rival. So do GM and Daimler, two carmakers.(汽车租赁公司Avis在共享汽车竞争对手中占有股份。通用和Daimler这两家汽车制造商也是如此。)”举了Avis，通用和Daimler几家租赁企业，承接上文，符合语境，故选C。 3．设空处为主题句，空后“Will room-renters be subject to hotel taxes, for example? In Amsterdam officials are using Airbnb listings to track down unlicensed hotels. In some American cities, peer-to-peer taxi services have been banned after lobbying by traditional taxi firms. The danger is that although some rules need to be updated to protect consumers from harm, existing rental businesses will try to destroy competition. People who rent out rooms should pay tax, of course, but they should not be regulated like a Ritz-Carlton hotel. The lighter rules that typically govern bed-and-breakfasts are more than adequate.(例如，租房者是否需要缴纳酒店税？在阿姆斯特丹，官员们正利用Airbnb的房源信息来追踪无照经营的酒店。在一些美国城市，由于传统出租车公司的游说，点对点的出租车服务已被禁止。其危险在于，虽然一些规则需要更新以保护消费者免受伤害，但现有的租赁业务会试图摧毁竞争。当然，出租房间的人应该纳税，但他们不应像Ritz-Carlton酒店那样受到监管。通常管理民宿的较轻规则就已足够。)”可知，本段主要阐述租赁企业存在监管的问题，B选项“The main worry is regulatory uncertainty.(主要的担忧是监管的不确定性。)”说明了人们的担忧是监管的不确定性，引起下文，符合语境，故选B。 4．空后“This emerging model is now big and disruptive (颠覆性的) enough for regulators and companies to have woken up to it.(这一新兴模式如今已经足够庞大且具有颠覆性，以至于监管机构和公司已经意识到它的存在。)”是对一种新型模式的描述，空格处应该引出这种新兴模式，F选项“For sociable souls, meeting new people by staying in their homes is part of the charm.(对于善于交际的人来说，呆在家里结识新朋友是魅力的一部分。)”提出了在人家家里结识新朋友这种新的模式，引起下文，符合语境，故选F。 5．空前“This emerging model is now big and disruptive (颠覆性的) enough for regulators and companies to have woken up to it. That is a sign of its immense potential.(这一新兴模式如今已经足够庞大且具有颠覆性，以至于监管机构和公司已经意识到它的存在。这是其巨大潜力的一个迹象。)”是对这一新兴模式的评价和描述，空格处应该说我们对这种新型模式应该做什么反应，A选项“It is time to start caring about sharing.(是时候开始关心分享了。)”是我们应该采取的行动，承接上文，符合语境，故选A。 Passage 3 （浙江省绍兴市诸暨市2024-2025学年高二上学期期末检测英语试题）Body language around the world It is said that our body language exhibits information about our thoughts and feelings. But the implied meaning of these common signals we use every day can mean something wildly different in another culture. 1 From them, you can know how to integrate and what to avoid. Greetings 2 Handshakes and hugs are common practices in Western societies in places like the US and UK, but in parts of Europe such as France and Italy, handshakes are a slightly more personal greeting. It’s common to linger for longer, which some visitors may find uncomfortable. Hand and arm gestures As standard, Italians use their arms and hands to gesture constantly while talking, whereas in Japan, this is considered bad manners. If you’re in Belgium or Northern Italy, be sure to avoid brushing your hand underneath your chin when speaking — it is a vivid way to tell someone to go away! 3 Well, hopefully you haven’t visited Greece or Sardinia yet, where it is considered to be as rude as a middle finger signal in the West. Head and movements In many parts of Eastern Europe, the standard nodding and shaking signifying yes and no respectively are switched, which can, of course, get very confusing. In Japan, staring too long is considered rude, invasive or even an act of aggression. Our special gesture, though, has to be this traditional signal from Tibet, China. If someone is sticking their tongue out at you in the street, all may not be as it seems! 4 But in Western cultures, it is considered playful, silly or even bad-mannered. All in all, body language plays a significant role in communicating with people from other cultures. 5 A．It can send signals stronger than words. B．My body utters when I try to hide something. C．In fact, it’s a way of demonstrating respect. D．In the UK and Australia, the sign means victory. E．Do you think the thumbs-up sign a universal gesture for “great”? F．Here is an introduction to the most unusual examples across the globe. G．In various parts of India, it’s common to greet one another by touching feet. 【答案】1．F 2．G 3．E 4．C 5．A 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了世界各地的肢体语言文化和差异。 1．根据上文“But the implied meaning of these common signals we use every day can mean something wildly different in another culture.( 但是，我们日常使用的这些常见信号的隐含意义在另一种文化中可能有着截然不同的含义。)”以及下文“From them, you can know how to integrate and what to avoid.( 从他们那里，你可以知道如何整合和避免什么。)”可知，前文提到日常身体语言信号在不同文化中有不同含义，后文介绍了世界各地不同身体语言的例子，F选项Here is an introduction to the most unusual examples across the globe.( 这里介绍一些全球最不寻常的例子。)可知，起到上下文的承上启下作用，符合语境。故选F项。 2．此段主题是“Greetings(问候)”，G选项In various parts of India, it’s common to greet one another by touching feet. (在印度的不同地区，通过触摸脚来互相问候是很常见的。)可知，与问候方式相关，符合该段主题。故选G项。 3．根据下文“Well, hopefully you haven’t visited Greece or Sardinia yet, where it is considered to be as rude as a middle finger signal in the West.( 好吧，希望你还没有去过希腊或撒丁岛，在那里，这个手势在西方被认为和竖中指一样粗鲁。)”可知，后文提到在希腊或撒丁岛，某个手势被认为和西方竖中指一样粗鲁，且前文介绍了不同手势的含义，E选项Do you think the thumbs-up sign a universal gesture for “great”? (你认为竖起大拇指这个手势在全世界都表示“很棒”吗？)可知，引出下文关于竖起大拇指手势在不同文化中含义不同的内容，符合语境。故选E项。 4．根据上文“Our special gesture, though, has to be this traditional signal from Tibet, China. If someone is sticking their tongue out at you in the street, all may not be as it seems!( 我们的特殊身势语，必须是这个来自中国西藏的传统信号。如果有人在街上对你吐舌头，一切可能都不像看起来的那样！)”可知，前文提到在中国西藏，如果有人在街上向你吐舌头，情况可能并非看上去那样，C选项In fact, it’s a way of demonstrating respect.( 事实上，这是一种表示尊重的方式。)可知，解释了吐舌头这个动作在西藏文化中的真实含义，与后文在西方文化中的含义形成对比。故选C项。 5．根据上文“All in all, body language plays a significant role in communicating with people from other cultures.( 总之，肢体语言在与其他文化背景的人交流中起着重要的作用。)”可知，前文强调身体语言在与其他文化的人交流中起着重要作用，A选项It can send signals stronger than words. (它能发出比言语更强烈的信号。)可知，进一步强调身体语言的重要性，总结前文。故选A项。 Passage 4 （浙江省慈溪市2023-2024学年高二上学期期末测试英语试题）Younger generations of Chinese citizens have developed new methods to relieve stress, which include raising unconventional “pets”, hugging trees, watching stress relief videos and so on. On social media platforms, a new toy called “mango dog” recently emerged. 1 In the eyes of some netizens, the “mango dog” has special meanings. “Every time I see it, it heals me,” “It’s fluffy (毛茸茸的) and cute.” 2 For example, college students have shared online their experiences of raising stones and paper box “dogs”. These “pets” share similar characteristics—they don’t cry, make noise or get sick. Tree hugging has also become a new stress relief for young people. “You may think you are hugging the tree, but in fact, the tree is embracing you,” this is a feeling shared by a netizen. Many netizens with such experiences have expressed that their anxiety has been reduced, and they feel a sense of communication with nature. 3 “I came across the idea online. I tried it and felt truly relaxed,” said a young office worker. “In those brief seconds, it felt like the tree released a lot of pressure and stress from me.” 4 “I especially enjoy watching stress relief videos, like washing blankets and cutting soap. After watching them, I feel like the stress of the day is relieved and it’s easier to fall asleep.” 5 According to public data, there are currently more than 800 companies in China with names, business scopes, products, services or trademarks containing the term “stress relief”. In 2023 alone, more than 70 new registered companies with this focus were added. A．Various “pets” are made to cater to different people. B．It is claimed to bring a sense of calmness and give a healing effect. C．This is not the first time that young people have raised novel “pets”. D．A young media worker also finds the relief in watching short videos. E．In some cities people have even organized “tree hugging interest groups”. F．Other toys such as squeeze balls have also gained popularity as a way to relieve stress. G．The popularity of these methods reflects an increasing need to release people’s pressure. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．E 4．D 5．G 【导语】本文是说明文。介绍了年轻一代的中国公民已经发展出新的缓解压力的方法，其中包括饲养非传统的“宠物”、拥抱树木、观看缓解压力的视频等。 1．根据空前“On social media platforms, a new toy called “mango dog” recently emerged. （社交媒体平台上，最近出现了一种名为“芒果狗”的新玩具）”以及“Every time I see it, it heals me（每次我看到它，它都能治愈我）”可知，这里提到了一款新玩具，接下来要介绍它解压的功能。B项“It is claimed to bring a sense of calmness and give a healing effect.（据称它可以带来平静感并具有治疗作用。）”it指代a new toy called“mango dog”，符合语境。故选B。 2．根据空后“For example, college students have shared online their experiences of raising stones and paper box ‘dogs’ （例如，大学生在网上分享了养石头和纸盒‘狗’的经历。）”可知，这里举例大家的新奇宠物。C项“This is not the first time that young people have raised novel ‘pets’.（这并不是年轻人第一次养新奇‘宠物’。）”，符合语境。故选C。 3．根据空前“Tree hugging has also become a new stress relief for young people. “You may think you are hugging the tree, but in fact, the tree is embracing you,” this is a feeling shared by a netizen. Many netizens with such experiences have expressed that their anxiety has been reduced, and they feel a sense of communication with nature. （拥抱树木也成为年轻人新的减压方式。“你可能以为你在拥抱树，但事实上，树在拥抱你。”这是一位网友的感触。很多有过这样经历的网友都表示，自己的焦虑感减轻了，感受到了一种与自然交流的感觉。）”可知，人们通过拥抱树减压。E项“In some cities people have even organized ‘tree hugging interest groups’.（在一些城市，人们甚至组织了‘拥抱树木兴趣小组’。）”，和前面构成递进关系，符合语境。故选E。 4．根据空后“ ‘I especially enjoy watching stress relief videos, like washing blankets and cutting soap. After watching them, I feel like the stress of the day is relieved and it’s easier to fall asleep.’（“我特别喜欢观看缓解压力的视频，比如洗毯子和切肥皂。看完之后，我感觉一天的压力都减轻了，也更容易入睡了。”）”可知，这是通过看短视频解压的人所说的话。D项“A young media worker also finds the relief in watching short videos.（一位年轻的媒体工作者也从观看短视频中找到了解脱。）”，符合语境。故选D。 5．根据空后“According to public data, there are currently more than 800 companies in China with names, business scopes, products, services or trademarks containing the term ‘stress relief’. In 2023 alone, more than 70 new registered companies with this focus were added.（公开数据显示，目前中国有超过800家企业名称、经营范围、产品、服务或商标中含有‘减压’一词。仅 2023 年，就新增了 70 多家专注于此领域的新注册公司。）”可知，空处是总结，越来越多人需要解压，数据显示中国减压企业也在增加。G项“The popularity of these methods reflects an increasing need to release people’s pressure.（这些方法的流行反映出人们越来越需要释放压力。）”，符合语境。故选G。 主题01 人与社会——科学与技术 Passage 1 （浙江省绍兴市上虞区2024-2025学年高二上学期期末考试英语试题）Why People May Stare at You You may have experienced the situation where someone staring at you, such as when you’re quietly seated on a bus, only to find that the person across from you is looking at your feet. Did you put on two different shoes? No, you check your shoes — both are the same. 1 A new study by Hannah Scott and colleagues from the University of London suggested that people stare because faces, especially the eyes, provide many useful non-verbal clues about a person’s mental state. 2 Observing what others look at offers a glimpse into their thoughts. 3 The study also found that people may focus on others’ lips during talks. If you feel someone’s gaze on your mouth while speaking, it’s likely not an indication of romantic interest, but rather that they might not hear you well. Similarly, people may look at your hands when you gesture. As they may be trying to understand your actions when you are talking or performing a task. The study showed that people tend to direct their gaze at the part of the body that provides the most information. 4 They get the audience to focus on their faces while performing hand tricks. This technique helps switch attention from their hands during card tricks or coin magic. Scott’s study concluded that people are not naturally biased to focus on someone’s face. Instead, they are drawn to the body parts that provide the most relevant information. 5 But when someone is performing a manual task, it’s the hands that draw the gaze. This also explains why magicians often talk to engage their audience’s attention on their faces while performing tricks with their hands. A．So, what causes such stares? B．But it’s not just eyes that draw stares. C．The eyes, contain socially relevant information. D．This explains how magicians apply misdirection. E．If someone is speaking, the eyes attract attention. F．Sometimes, such intense stares can make us feel uneasy. G．The way people talk can also attract stares during conversations. 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．B 4．D 5．E 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了人们喜欢凝视他人的原因。 1．根据上文“You may have experienced the situation where someone staring at you, such as when you’re quietly seated on a bus, only to find that the person across from you is looking at your feet. Did you put on two different shoes? No, you check your shoes — both are the same.(你可能经历过有人盯着你看的情况，比如当你安静地坐在公共汽车上时，却发现对面的人在看你的脚。你穿了两只不同的鞋吗？不，你检查你的鞋子——两者是一样的)”结合下文解释凝视的原因可知，本句为过渡句，引出后文人们喜欢凝视的原因。故A选项“那么，是什么导致了这样的凝视呢？”符合语境，故选A。 2．根据上文“A new study by Hannah Scott and colleagues from the University of London suggested that people stare because faces, especially the eyes, provide many useful non-verbal clues about a person’s mental state.(伦敦大学的汉娜·斯科特及其同事的一项新研究表明，人们之所以盯着别人看，是因为脸，尤其是眼睛，提供了许多关于一个人精神状态的有用的非语言线索)”可知，上文提到人脸提供了一些精神状态的线索，且强调了眼睛包含信息更多，故C选项“眼睛包含与社交相关的信息”符合语境，故选C。 3．根据后文“The study also found that people may focus on others’ lips during talks. If you feel someone’s gaze on your mouth while speaking, it’s likely not an indication of romantic interest, but rather that they might not hear you well. Similarly, people may look at your hands when you gesture. As they may be trying to understand your actions when you are talking or performing a task.(研究还发现，人们在谈话时可能会关注他人的嘴唇。如果你在说话的时候感觉到有人盯着你的嘴看，这很可能不是对你有好感，而是他们可能听不清你说的话。同样，当你做手势时，人们可能会看着你的手。因为当你说话或执行任务时，他们可能会试图理解你的行为)”可知，后文提到对话的时候人们会关注他人的嘴唇，即不只关注眼睛。故B选项“但吸引目光的不只是眼睛”符合语境，故选B。 4．根据上文“The study showed that people tend to direct their gaze at the part of the body that provides the most information.(研究表明，人们倾向于把目光投向提供最多信息的身体部位)”以及后文“They get the audience to focus on their faces while performing hand tricks. This technique helps switch attention from their hands during card tricks or coin magic.(他们在表演手技时让观众把注意力集中在他们的脸上。这项技术有助于在玩纸牌或硬币魔术时将注意力从他们的手上转移开)”可知，后文提到了表演魔术，推测是用魔术师进行举例说明。故D选项“这就解释了魔术师是如何误导别人的”符合语境，故选D。 5．根据上文“Scott’s study concluded that people are not naturally biased to focus on someone’s face. Instead, they are drawn to the body parts that provide the most relevant information.(斯科特的研究得出的结论是，人们不会自然地偏向于关注别人的脸。相反，它们会被吸引到提供最相关信息的身体部位)”可知，本句承接上文，具体说明被吸引到关注的身体部位是什么。故E选项“如果有人在说话，眼睛会吸引注意力”符合语境，故选E。 Passage 2 （浙江省杭州市第二中学2024-2025学年高二上学期期末英语试题）Understanding Group Study Group study is a common practice among students of all ages. 1 It is commonly believed to be an effective way to supplement individual learning. When studying in a group, it is important to establish clear goals and expectations. Each member should have a role and responsibility to ensure that the group stays on track. 2 He or she can guide the group and make sure everyone is participating. Group study can be beneficial in many different ways. 3 Each member brings a unique perspective and set of skills to the group, which can enhance the learning experience. It can also be helpful to have someone explain a concept or problem in a different way, which can make it easier to understand. Group study can also increase motivation and responsibility. When studying alone, it can be easy to procrastinate (拖延) or lose focus. 4 This can help keep everyone on track and motivated to complete the task at hand. Despite those benefits, group study can present challenges. 5 Some members may prefer visual aids, while others may prefer hands-on activities or auditory learning. External distractions, such as noise or interruptions, can also be a challenge in group study. However, by working collaboratively, group members can overcome these challenges and have a successful study session. Overall, group study can be a valuable tool for students of all ages. By working together, students can enhance their learning experience and achieve their academic goals. A．It is also important to have an appointed leader. B．It is common to encounter different learning styles. C．Group study can have a positive impact on preventing study-related stress. D．One of the benefits is the opportunity to share knowledge and learn from others. E．Therefore, studying in a group requires careful planning, communication, and collaboration. F．However, when studying in a group, every member has a sense of responsibility to the other members. G．It involves studying in a group of two or more people, where each member contributes to the learning process. 【答案】1．G 2．A 3．D 4．F 5．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了小组学习的相关内容，包括小组学习的定义、重要性、优势、挑战以及总结。 1．根据空前“Group study is a common practice among students of all ages.(小组学习是各年龄段学生中常见的一种学习方式。)”可知上文提到了小组学习。选项G“It involves studying in a group of two or more people, where each member contributes to the learning process.(它指的是在一个由两人或更多人组成的小组中进行学习，每个成员都为学习过程贡献力量。)”对小组学习进行解释，说明它涉及两个或更多人一起学习，每个成员都为学习过程做出贡献，符合语境。故选G。 2．根据下文“He or she can guide the group and make sure everyone is participating. Group study can be beneficial in many different ways.(他或她能够引导小组，确保每位成员都积极参与。小组学习在诸多方面都有益处。)”可推测，空处需要介绍一个领导者。选项A“It is also important to have an appointed leader.(此外，指定一名组长也很重要。)”提到指定领导者很重要。选项中的“leader”和下文的“he or she”保持一致。故选A。 3．空处为段首句，为本段主要内容。根据下文内容“Each member brings a unique perspective and set of skills to the group, which can enhance the learning experience. It can also be helpful to have someone explain a concept or problem in a different way, which can make it easier to understand.(每个成员都能为小组带来独特的视角和一系列技能，这能提升学习体验。而且，有人以不同方式讲解一个概念或问题，也有助于理解。)”可知，本段主要讲述了小组学习的好处。选项D“One of the benefits is the opportunity to share knowledge and learn from others.(其中一个好处是，成员们有机会分享知识并相互学习。)”指出其中一个好处是有机会分享知识并向他人学习，符合段落主旨。故选D。 4．根据空前“When studying alone, it can be easy to procrastinate (拖延) or lose focus.(独自学习时，人们很容易拖延或走神。)”可知，独自学习的时候人们会走神。选项F“However, when studying in a group, every member has a sense of responsibility to the other members.(然而，在小组学习中，每个成员都对其他成员负有责任感。)”通过转折，表明在小组学习时，每个成员对其他成员都有责任感，与前文独自学习形成对比。故选F。 5．根据下文“Some members may prefer visual aids, while others may prefer hands-on activities or auditory learning.(有些成员可能更喜欢视觉辅助工具，而另一些成员可能更喜欢实践活动或听觉学习方式。)”可知，下文提到小组成员可能有不同的学习风格。选项B“It is common to encounter different learning styles.(在小组中，遇到不同的学习风格很常见。)”自然引出下文内容，符合逻辑。故选B。 Passage 3 （浙江省绍兴市上虞区2023-2024学年高二上学期期末教学质量调测英语试题（含听力））Some people say that A．I. large language models can be unpredictable and unreliable — giving false information and acting strangely toward users. I’ve been using A．I. tools like ChatGPT almost daily for several months now, and I’ve seen them spit out plenty of wrong answers. 1 Here are three things that A．I. is especially good at. Getting creatively unstuck A．I. can also be a good tool for getting your creative juices flowing. Recently, I was trying to come up with questions to ask a podcast guest. I pasted the guest’s bio into ChatGPT and asked it to give me “10 thoughtful, incisive interview questions” for this person. 2 Ethan Mollick, a professor at the University of Pennsylvania’s Wharton School, recommends using A．I. to overcome writer’s block, or get a running start on hard projects. 3 I’ve also been using ChatGPT and other A．I. apps as a kind of rehearsal for offline tasks I find unpleasant or hard. When I had to have a difficult conversation with a friend, I asked ChatGPT to take part in a role-playing exercise. “Pretend you’re my friend, and react the way you think my friend might react,” I told it. 4 It didn’t make the real one painless, but I felt more confident knowing I’d already practised with a chatbot. Of course, A．I. chatbots can’t replace human friendships. But they can be a kind of on-demand sounding board, offering us basic feedback and advice without judgement. Sparking Notes for everything 5 I’ve used A．I. programs to “read” long articles for me, and summarize dense academic papers. Usually they get the key points right, even if some of the details are missing. If you’re bored of reading this article, you could ask ChatGPT to summarize it for you. I promise I won’t be offended. A．Rehearsing for real-world tasks. B．I then held a mock version of the conversation. C．Explaining concepts at multiple difficulty levels. D．Of the questions it generated, most were pretty good. E．Used properly, ChatGPT and other A．I. chatbots can be amazing teaching tools. F．But I’ve also seen these A．I. programs do amazing things that took my breath away. G．One of the most powerful abilities of A．I. language models is quickly summarizing large amounts of text. 【答案】1．F 2．D 3．A 4．B 5．G 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍的是人工智能特别擅长的三件事。 1．空前“I’ve been using A.I. tools like ChatGPT almost daily for several months now, and I’ve seen them spit out plenty of wrong answers.(几个月来，我几乎每天都在使用ChatGPT这样的人工智能工具，我看到它们吐出了很多错误的答案。)”说明了ChatGPT会给出错误的答案，空后“Here are three things that A.I. is especially good at.(以下是人工智能特别擅长的三件事。)”说明接下来要讲人工智能擅长的事情，空格处是承上启下，F选项“But I’ve also seen these A.I. programs do amazing things that took my breath away.(但我也见过这些人工智能程序做出让我惊叹的事情。)”中的but表转折，说明作者看见过人工智能做出让作者惊叹的事情，引出下文人工智能擅长的事情，因此F选项承上启下，符合语境，故选F。 2．空前“I pasted the guest’s bio into ChatGPT and asked it to give me “10 thoughtful, incisive interview questions” for this person.(我把这位嘉宾的简历粘贴到ChatGPT上，让它给我这个人“10个深思熟虑、精辟的采访问题”。)”说明人工智能给作者提出了一些采访问题，空格处应该承接上文，对这些问题进行描述，D选项“Of the questions it generated, most were pretty good.(在它产生的问题中，大多数都很好。)”是对空前所提到的问题的描述，因此D选项承接上文，符合语境，故选D。 3．空格处是本部分小标题，根据空后“I’ve also been using ChatGPT and other A.I. apps as a kind of rehearsal for offline tasks I find unpleasant or hard.(我也一直在使用ChatGPT和其他人工智能应用程序，作为我觉得不愉快或困难的离线任务的一种演练。)”可知，本部分主要讲的是人工智能可以为现实世界的任务进行排练，A选项“Rehearsing for real-world tasks.(排练现实世界中的任务。)”符合。故选A。 4．空前“When I had to have a difficult conversation with a friend, I asked ChatGPT to take part in a role-playing exercise. “Pretend you’re my friend, and react the way you think my friend might react,” I told it.(当我不得不和朋友进行一场困难的对话时，我让ChatGPT参加一个角色扮演练习。“假装你是我的朋友，然后做出你认为我朋友可能会做出的反应，”我告诉它。)”说明的是作者让ChatGPT参加一个角色扮演练习，空格处应该说下一步做了什么，B选项“I then held a mock version of the conversation.(然后，我模拟了这次谈话。)”说明了作者接下来做了什么事情，因此承接上文，符合语境，故选B。 5．空后“I’ve used A.I. programs to “read” long articles for me, and summarize dense academic papers. Usually they get the key points right, even if some of the details are missing. If you’re bored of reading this article, you could ask ChatGPT to summarize it for you.(我用人工智能程序为我“阅读”长篇文章，并总结密集的学术论文。通常他们会抓住关键点，即使遗漏了一些细节。如果您厌倦了阅读本文，您可以要求ChatGPT为您总结一下。)”说明作者利用人工智能来总结文章，G选项“One of the most powerful abilities of A.I. language models is quickly summarizing large amounts of text.(人工智能语言模型最强大的功能之一是快速总结大量文本。)”说明了人工智能可以总结文本，引起下文，符合语境，故选G。 Passage 4 （浙江省绍兴市诸暨市2023-2024学年高二上学期期末检测英语试题）Body language, important language Have you ever noticed the big difference between someone’s behavior and his words? Or have you ever failed to control your body on certain occasions as a result of nervousness? Today let’s discuss how essential body language can be in our daily communication. Studies have revealed that in the process of communication, non-verbal expression has 65% to 93% more influence than actual text. 1 Emilie Suter, a senior student of EHL, believes that the significance of body language is reflected in the ability to help people in the process of communication. 2 Body language is the best explanation of the behavior psychology of individuals and groups. 3 Without proper body language, you may find yourself trapped in a circle where you cannot integrate with the external environment. Therefore, you should always pay attention to how people around you use body language to express their opinions—this allows you to accurately determine your next move. Fidgeting (坐立不安) may mean that there is a lack of interaction between the two sides of the conversation. 4 Loich Batumba, vice president of the student council of EHL, says that he clearly remembers similar experiences: “At the time of my first interview, my interviewer and I barely communicated eye-to-eye, so I could clearly feel that there was a lack of interest between our conversations.” How to establish a good personal impression is a topic that people have repeatedly discussed. 5 This has increased the importance of physical actions for us. A．Body language varies from culture to culture. B．Of course, some body language is shared universally. C．In real situations, body language matters a lot more than you think! D．This means that “how to say” is more significant than “what to say”. E．Turning to other directions can mean he or she does not share your opinion. F．It helps people better understand the overall situation and thus make adjustments. G．Interestingly, what we see is actually the most important standard for us to judge others. 【答案】1．D 2．F 3．C 4．E 5．G 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了肢体语言的重要性。 1．根据上文“Studies have revealed that in the process of communication, non-verbal expression has 65% to 93% more influence than actual text.(研究表明，在交际过程中，非语言表达比实际文本的影响力高出65% ~ 93%)”可知，本句为本段最后一句，总结上文，指出非语言表达的重要性。故D选项“这意味着‘怎么说’比‘说什么’更重要”符合语境，故选D。 2．根据上文“Emilie Suter, a senior student of EHL, believes that the significance of body language is reflected in the ability to help people in the process of communication.(EHL大四学生Emilie Suter认为，肢体语言的意义体现在沟通过程中帮助他人的能力)”可知，本句承接上文，指出肢体语言对于人们沟通的帮助和重要性。故F选项“它有助于人们更好地了解整体情况，从而做出调整”符合语境，故选F。 3．根据本段内容“Without proper body language, you may find yourself trapped in a circle where you cannot integrate with the external environment. Therefore, you should always pay attention to how people around you use body language to express their opinions—this allows you to accurately determine your next move.(如果没有适当的肢体语言，你可能会发现自己被困在一个无法融入外部环境的圈子里。因此，你应该经常注意你周围的人是如何使用肢体语言来表达他们的意见的——这可以让你准确地决定你的下一步行动)”可知，本段的主旨是强调肢体语言在日常生活中的重要性。故C选项“在实际情况中，肢体语言比你想象的重要得多！”符合语境，故选C。 4．根据上文“Fidgeting (坐立不安) may mean that there is a lack of interaction between the two sides of the conversation.(坐立不安可能意味着谈话双方之间缺乏互动)”以及后文“Loich Batumba, vice president of the student council of EHL, says that he clearly remembers similar experiences: “At the time of my first interview, my interviewer and I barely communicated eye-to-eye, so I could clearly feel that there was a lack of interest between our conversations.”(EHL的学生会副主席Loich Batumba说，他清楚地记得类似的经历：“在我第一次面试的时候，我和面试官几乎没有眼神交流，所以我可以明显感觉到我们之间的谈话缺乏兴趣。”)”可知，后文的例子表明，没有眼神交流表明对方对谈话缺乏兴趣，故E选项“看其他方向可能意味着他或她不同意你的观点”符合语境，故选E。 5．根据上文“How to establish a good personal impression is a topic that people have repeatedly discussed.(如何建立良好的个人印象是人们反复讨论的话题)”以及后文“This has increased the importance of physical actions for us.(这增加了身体活动对我们的重要性)”可知，后文提到了某事增加了身体活动对我们的重要性，故本句主要说明这件事的具体内容，结合上文提到个人印象，推测本句与对别人的印象有关，故G选项“有趣的是，我们所看到的实际上是我们判断别人最重要的标准”符合语境，故选G。 主题02 人与自然 Passage 1 （浙江省绍兴市上虞区2022-2023学年高二上学期期末教学质量调测英语试题）Reading a dog’s body language requires experience and expert guidance. Zazie Todd, a dog trainer and founder of the blog Companion Animal Psychology, thinks about how to understand dogs’ behaviour. 1 They’re expecting punishment but don’t necessarily know their behavior is wrong. Alexandra Horowitz, a professor at Barnard College who researches dogs’ cognition(认知), points out the “guilty” look is linked to being scolded by the owner. If your dog licks their mouth They’re stressed. Recently, two European studies have highlighted the meaning of this licking. One found that it was a dog’s response to seeing an angry or aggressive human face on a computer screen. 2 If you spot this sign, try reducing your dog’s stress levels. It could be as simple as giving them more physical space. If there are fireworks and your dog is shaking 3 This is a common reaction, but a surprising number of people don’t realize that shaking and trembling are signs of fear. Whereas only a quarter of owners say their dog is afraid of loud noises, half report these behavioral signs. If you are at the vet and your dog’s tail is down They’re anxious. Obvious signs of an unhappy dog include hiding or trying to leave the exam room, but commonly missed triggers range from a tucked tail and lowered ears to trembling. 4 Many vets now use food to make the experience more fun. If your dog leans into you during a petting time They like it! If you’re unsure that a dog is enjoying being petted, stop, then watch their reaction. If they choose to wander off, the petting time is over. Other signs of discomfort include sniffing the floor, looking away and breathing heavily. However, if they lean on you or paw at you to get more hugs, continue! 5 A．This behavior means they like it. B．They are frightened by the noises. C．If your dog gets stressed at appointments, ask what can be done. D．If your dog looks guilty when you walk in the door and see a mess. E．Start to pet them and remain nearby so that your dog would be comforted. F．The other determined that dogs lick their mouths in response to a mild threat. G．Preferred parts on their bodies are to either side of the chest and under the chin. 【答案】1．D 2．F 3．B 4．C 5．G 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要就狗的一些常见肢体语言进行解释说明。 1．根据本段内容“They’re expecting punishment but don’t necessarily know their behavior is wrong. Alexandra Horowitz, a professor at Barnard College who researches dogs’ cognition(认知), points out the “guilty” look is linked to being scolded by the owner.(他们知道会有惩罚，但不一定知道自己的行为是错误的。巴纳德学院研究狗的认知的教授Alexandra Horowitz指出，“内疚”的表情与被主人责骂有关)”可知，本段主要是关于狗看起来内疚的情况，D选项中guilty对应后文guilty。故D选项“当你走进门看到乱七八糟的东西时，如果你的狗看起来很内疚”符合语境，故选D。 2．根据标题“If your dog licks their mouth(如果你的狗舔他们的嘴)”以及前文“One found that it was a dog’s response to seeing an angry or aggressive human face on a computer screen.(其中一项研究发现，这是狗在电脑屏幕上看到愤怒或咄咄逼人的人脸时的反应)”可知，本段主要是关于狗舔嘴的解释，F选项lick their mouths对应标题lick their mouths。故F选项“另一项研究认为，狗舔嘴是对轻微威胁的反应”符合语境，故选F。 3．根据后文“This is a common reaction, but a surprising number of people don’t realize that shaking and trembling are signs of fear. Whereas only a quarter of owners say their dog is afraid of loud noises, half report these behavioral signs.(这是一种常见的反应，但令人惊讶的是，很多人没有意识到震动和颤抖是恐惧的迹象。虽然只有四分之一的主人说他们的狗害怕大的噪音，但有一半的人报告了这些行为迹象)”可知，本段主要说明了狗害怕大的噪音，B选项noises对应后文loud noises。故B选项“它们害怕噪音”符合语境，故选B。 4．根据上文“They’re anxious. Obvious signs of an unhappy dog include hiding or trying to leave the exam room, but commonly missed triggers range from a tucked tail and lowered ears to trembling.(他们焦虑。狗不开心的明显迹象包括躲起来或试图离开检查室，但通常错过的触发因素包括夹起尾巴、垂下耳朵、颤抖)”以及后文“Many vets now use food to make the experience more fun.(许多兽医现在用食物来增加体验的乐趣)”可知，后文提到了减轻狗压力的办法，可知本句主要是针对感到压力应该怎么办进行提问。故C选项“如果你的狗在检查时感到压力，问问能做些什么”符合语境，故选C。 5．根据上文“However, if they lean on you or paw at you to get more hugs, continue!(然而，如果它们靠在你身上或用爪子抓你来得到更多的拥抱，继续！)”可知，上文提到了继续抚摸自己的宠物，本句为本段最后一句，G选项“它们喜欢的（被抚摸的）身体部位是胸部两侧和下巴下面”符合语境，就抚摸的部位进行进一步说明。故选G。 Passage 2 （江省绍兴市上虞区2023-2024学年高二上学期期末检测英语试题）When the British poet Alfred Lord Tennyson described nature as “red in tooth and claw”, he was telling us that the natural world can be cruel as well as beautiful. 1 . Most people living in urban areas rarely encounter wild animals in their natural surroundings. 2 And they are willing to get close to them. But for wild animals, it is “eat or be eaten,” and they can’t distinguish between humans and other animals. 3 In Canadian woods lives a dog-like animal, coyote, which is a little bigger than a fox, but smaller than a wolf. They usually avoid humans, but the occasional attacks can be deadly. Every year, one or two people end up getting killed by coyotes. Earlier this year, a herd of elephants in Yunnan left their home in the Xishuangbanna National Nature Reserve and went on a meandering journey through the province. They destroyed crops and buildings along the way. Villages in their path had to be evacuated because of the potential dangers they posed to villagers. Animal experts haven’t determined why the elephants went on their journey. 4 The wild animals we love are in a constant struggle for survival. Our expanding into the natural habitats of wild animals can be dangerous for the animals and then us humans as well. Maybe we should try to stay away from them. 5 Their lives—red in tooth and claw—are difficult enough without us causing them any more problems than they already have. A．A walk in the woods can be dangerous. B．It is a way to protect the wild animals, and it’s also our responsibility. C．In Canada, people have a more realistic attitude towards wild animals. D．In simple terms, we should try to keep proper distance from wild animals. E．Hence they misunderstand that wild animals are just as friendly as Disney characters. F．Thanks to active environmental conservation, the number of the elephants grew larger. G．A reasonable possibility is that they probably needed more room and more food to survive. 【答案】1．D 2．E 3．A 4．G 5．B 【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章开篇借由英国诗人Alfred Lord Tennyson的话“残酷无情”，引出观点：我们应尽量与野生动物保持距离。接着以加拿大森林里的土狼和云南大象迁徙为例进行论证，告诫我们应当远离这些动物的生活，这是保护它们的一种方式，也是我们的责任。 1．设空处位于段末，应具有总结前文的作用。上文“When the British poet Alfred Lord Tennyson described nature as “red in tooth and claw”, he was telling us that the natural world can be cruel as well as beautiful.(当英国诗人阿尔弗雷德·丁尼生将自然描述为“残酷无情”时，他是在告诉我们，自然界可残酷可美丽。)”提到了英国诗人的话，他认为自然界可残酷可美丽，但此处尚未表明作者自己的观点，由此可推知，设空处是作者在总结前文并表明自己的观点。D项“In simple terms, we should try to keep proper distance from wild animals.(简单地说，我们应该尽量与野生动物保持适当的距离。)”恰好能总结前文内容，又表达了作者自己的观点，符合语境。故选D项。 2．上文“Most people living in urban areas rarely encounter wild animals in their natural surroundings.(大多数生活在城市地区的人很少在自然环境中遇到野生动物。)”提到了大多数生活在城市的人很少遇到野生动物；下文“And they are willing to get close to them. But for wild animals, it is “eat or be eaten,” and they can’t distinguish between humans and other animals.(他们愿意接近野生动物。但对于野生动物来说，这是“要么吃，要么被吃”，它们无法区分人类和其他动物。)”提到了，人们愿意接近这些野生动物，但野生动物只有“要么吃，要么被吃”的概念，无法区分人类和其他动物；由此可推知，人们接近这些野生动物，是因为没有正确的认知。E项“Hence they misunderstand that wild animals are just as friendly as Disney characters. (因此，他们误以为野生动物和迪士尼角色一样友好)”一方面与下文“And they are willing to get close to them.(他们愿意接近野生动物)”构成因果关系，另一方面也与下文“野生动物的反应”对应。故选E项。 3．设空处位于段首，应具有概述下文的作用。下文“In Canadian woods lives a dog-like animal, coyote, which is a little bigger than a fox, but smaller than a wolf. They usually avoid humans, but the occasional attacks can be deadly. Every year, one or two people end up getting killed by coyotes.(在加拿大的森林里，生活着一种类似狗的动物，叫土狼。它比狐狸大一点，但比狼小。它们通常避开人类，但偶尔的攻击可能是致命的。每年有一两个人被土狼咬死。)”提到了加拿大森林里有一种土狼，有时会把人咬死。由此可推知，此处段首提及的内容与森林有关。A项“A walk in the woods can be dangerous.(在树林里散步可能很危险。)”提到了在森林里散步也可能很危险，恰好与下文提及的加拿大森林对应；而下文内容正是本句话的原因支撑。故选A项。 4．上文“Animal experts haven’t determined why the elephants went on their journey.(动物专家还没有确定大象为什么继续它们的旅程。)”提到了动物专家也还没确定这些大象迁徙的原因是什么；下文“The wild animals we love are in a constant struggle for survival.(我们所爱的野生动物一直在为生存而奋斗。)”提到了这些野生动物一直在为生存而奋斗；由此可推知，设空处可能是在谈这些大象迁徙的潜在原因。G项“A reasonable possibility is that they probably needed more room and more food to survive.(一个合理的可能性是，它们可能需要更多的空间和更多的食物来生存。)”提到了其中一个合理的可能性，就是它们需要更多的生存空间和食物，恰好与下文的“in a constant struggle for survival”对应。故选G项。 5．上文“Maybe we should try to stay away from them.(也许我们应该尽量远离它们。)”提议应尽量远离野生动物；下文“Their lives—red in tooth and claw—are difficult enough without us causing them any more problems than they already have.(它们的生活——残酷无情——已经够艰难的了，不用我们再给它们制造更多的麻烦。)”提到了“我们应该尽量远离野生动物”的原因。由此可推知设空处是在进一步解释为什么需要远离野生动物。B项“It is a way to protect the wild animals, and it’s also our responsibility.(这是保护野生动物的一种方式，也是我们的责任。)”恰好与上下文对应。故选B项。 Passage 3 （浙江省杭州市七县市2021-2022学年高二上学期期末学业水平测试英语试题）Every year, natural disasters affect about 250 million people and global warming is making droughts and floods more common. 1 But we can reduce the number of people who die in them. In Bangladesh，a lot of people have to live on flat and near the sea, but the cyclones (旋风) there bring terrible floods. In 1970, Cyclone Bhola killed at least 300,000 people. 2 In 1991, the even stronger cyclone Gorky hit the country. This time, people could use special school buildings as emergency shelters. Unfortunately, many women and children didn’t go to them and around 140,000 people drowned. After this, villages set up groups of emergency volunteers and teachers had to talk to children every week about the things which they should do if there was a cyclone warning. 3 It came in 2007. Twelve hours before cyclone Sidr reached land, a Bangladeshi scientist in the USA calculated (计算) the exact areas of danger on a computer. The emergency volunteers in the villages spread the warning fast. 4 “You must come to the school now,” they shouted. “You won’t be safe if you stay here.” All the buildings in the village were destroyed in the cyclone except for the school shelter. Not everyone in Bangladesh was so lucky. 5 But this was a much smaller number than in the big cyclones of the twentieth century. With modern technology, planning and education, we don’t have to lose huge numbers of lives in natural disasters. A．Sadly, we can’t stop the disasters. B．Four thousand people died in cyclone Sidr. C．Heavy rains, too, contribute to the total cyclone damage. D．They didn’t have to wait many years for the next big cyclone. E．It was one of the worst natural disasters of the twentieth century. F．Ten-year-old Rupa and her friends ran to all their neighbours’ homes. G．A tropical cyclone can be up to six miles high, and hundreds of miles wide. 【答案】1．A 2．E 3．D 4．F 5．B 【分析】本文是一篇说明文。讲述了旋风对Bangladesh居民带来的伤害。因此，此地区的人民建立了急救志愿组。在2007年的旋风中，由于科学家精确地确定了受灾的位置以及急救志愿组的努力下，这一次的伤害是20世纪以来最小的一次。 1．根据空后“But we can reduce the number of people who die in them（但是我们可以减少洪灾中遇难的数量）”可知，A项“Sadly, we can’t stop the disasters.（遗憾的是，我们无法停止灾难）”是前句的顺义承接，虽然我们无法停止灾难，但我们可以减少遇害人的数量，故选A项。 2．根据空前“In 1970, Cyclone Bhola killed at least 300,000 people.（在1970年的Bhola飓风导致了至少30万人遇难）”可知，此空进一步解释说明此飓风，E项“It was one of the worst natural disasters of the twentieth century.（它是20世纪最严重的灾难）”符合，故选E项。 3．根据空后“It came in 2007（它2007年到来）”可知，空后的it知道空格处的名词。故D项“They didn’t have to wait many years for the next big cyclone.（对于下一次飓风，它们不用等很多年）”可知，此处it指代the next big cyclone，在它到达来的前12个小时，科学家已经计算出了它具体的位置，故D项符合，故选D项。 4．根据空后“‘You must come to the school now,’ they shouted. ‘You won’t be safe if you stay here.’（他们大喊道：‘你们必须到学校来，如果你们继续待在这里，是不安全的’）”可知，F项“Ten-year-old Rupa and her friends ran to all their neighbours’ homes.（10岁的Rupa和他朋友跑到邻居家里）”符合，他们跑到邻居家里来喊邻居去学校躲难，故选F项。 5．根据空后“But this was a much smaller number than in the big cyclones of the twentieth century.（但是相对于20世纪其他飓风来说，这个数量要小得多）”可知，空后的“this”指代B项“Four thousand people died in cyclone Sidr.（4000人死于Sidr飓风）”这件事，4000人遇难相对其他飓风中遇难的人数来说，要少得多，故选B项。 / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $