专题06 阅读理解（议论文和新闻报道）（期末真题汇编，浙江专用）高二英语上学期

专题06 阅读理解（议论文和新闻报道） 议论文 Passage 1 （浙江省丽水市遂昌中学2024-2025学年高二上学期1月期末英语试题）Living and dealing with kids can be a tough job these days, but living and dealing with parents can be even tougher. If I have learned anything in my 16 years, it is that communication is very important, both when you disagree and when you get along. With any relationship, you need to let other person know how you are feeling. If you are not able to communicate, you drift apart. When you are mad at your parents, or anyone else, not talking to them doesn’t solve anything. Communication begins with the concerns of another. It means that you can’t just come home from school, go up to your room and ignore everyone. Even if you just say “Hi”, and see how their day was for five minutes, it is better than nothing. If you looked up the word “communication” in a dictionary, it would say “the exchange of ideas, the conveyance of information, correspondence, means of communication: a letter or a message”. To maintain a good relationship, you must keep communication strong. Let people know how you feel, even if it’s just by writing a note. When dealing with parents, you always have to make them feel good about how they are doing as a parent. If you are trying to make them see something as you see it, tell them that you’ll listen to what they have to say, but ask them politely to listen to you. Yelling or walking away only makes the situation worse. This is an example: one night, Sophie went to a street party with her friends. She knew she had to be home by midnight after the fireworks, but she didn’t feel she could just ask to go home. That would be rude. After all, they had been nice enough to take her along with them. Needless to say, she was late getting home. Her parents were mad at first, not when Sophie explained why she was late, they weren’t as mad and let the incident go. Communication is the key factor here. If Sophie’s parents had not been willing to listen, Sophie would have been in a lot of trouble. Communication isn’t a one-way deal: it goes both ways. Just remember: if you get into a situation like Sophie’s, telling the other person how you feel-listening is the key factor to communication. 1．In the writer’s view, dealing with parents is __________ than with children. A．more difficult B．easier C．more uninteresting D．more interesting 2．What is the main point in the second paragraph? A．The importance of friendship B．To make your feeling known to others C．The importance of communication D．The disagreement between generations 3．When parents and children are in communication, what is the key to a happy relationship? A．Children should always obey their parents. B．They should be equal. C．Parents play the leading part. D．Both make the opposite know their feelings. 4．What does the example in the passage try to prove? A．Sophie’s parents are willing to listen to her. B．Sophie is very polite to her parents. C．Sophie did well in explaining her being late. D．Communication is the solution to misunderstanding. Passage 2 （浙江省杭州市西湖区学军西溪,学军紫金港,学军海创园2024-2025学年高二上学期期末考英语试卷）The negative nature of peer pressure (同伴压力) is often presented without question. The undesirable effect of peer pressure cannot be denied, but is it also possible that peer pressure might not entirely deserve its bad reputation? Could peer pressure also have positive effects on the personal development and behavior of young people? A look at the scientific literature reveals exactly that peer pressure is not always a force for the dark side. Many studies suggest that peer pressure and the desire to conform (顺从) are simply a part of being human. Humans, after all, are highly social beings. If humans are hard-wired to respond to peer pressure, then it makes sense to examine how it can be used to change behavior in a positive way. Imagine a situation: student X has always enjoyed playing the guitar but is lazy and unmotivated. Although initially unwilling, she is persuaded to join a school band. The group of students is preparing for a performance and the existing members are enthusiastic, focused and hardworking. Gradually, student X is caught up in the spirit of the band and before long she is willingly making the same commitment of time and effort so they can achieve a common goal. So how does it work? Peer pressure - both positive and negative - follows a recognizable psychological process. If student X does not inform to the established culture of the band, she risks rejection. To dispel tension, student X changes her habits and increases the amount of time and energy she devotes to practice. Some psychologists describe this transposition of personal goals or standards to achieve harmony as part of a “identity shift”. The key to understanding the concept of peer pressure and its power over humans is to closely examine the science of the process, rather than focus on its negative aspects. Providing a one-dimensional view of the concept encourages the bias (偏见) that peer pressure is a strictly undesirable feature of human society. Instead, we should be exploring way to use its power for good. 1．Why does the author raise the two questions about peer pressure in paragraph 1? A．To point out misinterpretations of it. B．To encourage reflection on it. C．To doubt the investigations into it. D．To show general perceptions of it. 2．What should student X do to fit into the band? A．Enhance her leadership. B．Stick to her old routines. C．Learn to play more instruments. D．Invest more energy in playing the guitar. 3．What does the underlined word “dispel” in paragraph 3 mean? A．Hide. B．Sense. C．Remove. D．Display. 4．what is the best title for the text? A．Peer Pressure: Harmful or Helpful? B．Peer Pressure: A Key to Group Success C．Peer Pressure: Beyond the Negative Label D．Peer Pressure: A Psychological Perspective Passage 3 （浙江省杭州市西湖区西湖高中2024-2025学年高二上学期期末考英语试卷）Studying literature allows us to explore universal truths, which may deliver a lifetime sense of wellbeing. However, such benefits were sadly not enough to persuade Sheffield Hallam University to continue to offer an English literature degree to undergraduates. Due to falling demand for arts and humanities courses, the university is ceasing the course. It follows a similar move by the University of Cumbria last year and cuts to humanities funding elsewhere. This decline is partly caused by the increasing commercialization of higher education, which values degrees based on job prospects and starting salaries. With dramatically increasing graduates owing over £100,000 in student loans, it is understandable that young people from lower-income backgrounds might think twice about taking a non-vocational (非职业类的) course. Applications for English studies have fallen steadily since 2012, when the tuition fees rose to £9,000. Meanwhile, supposedly “dead end” university courses-those which fail to deliver an instant graduate reward in the job market are coming under increasingly aggressive inspection. This year, the Office for Students set out plans to remove funding for “low quality” courses, defined as those where less than 60% of participants go into good jobs or further study soon after graduating. The overall approach is both wrong-headed and shortsighted. As Mr Graham points out, the arts and entertainment industry has become one of the few booming areas of the economy in which Britain can claim to be world-leading. Additionally, judging the worth of a course solely by labor market outcomes ignores other important values, such as personal growth and cultural contribution. After a decade of marketisation, a seriously practical worldview is beginning to sweep over England’s higher education sector. But the inner quality and worth of a course cannot be fairly judged by reference to employment statistics and labour market outcomes. Sheffield Hallam’s decision must be a wake-up call for those concerned to preserve the future of the arts and humanities in our universities. 1．Why did Sheffield Hallam University cease its English literature course? A．A lack of qualified teachers. B．Decreased need for arts and humanities. C．Poor feedback about the program. D．Rising interest in vocational courses. 2．Which factor has discouraged students from applying for humanities degrees? A．No funding from the government. B．High tuition fees and student loan debt. C．A rise in competitive vocational programs. D．A barrier to personal growth. 3．What is the author’s attitude to the trend of reducing humanities courses in universities? A．Critical. B．Supportive. C．Neutral. D．Unconcerned. 4．Which of following is a suitable title for the text? A．Higher Education Industry: A Heated Game B．Major Adjustment Policy: A Wake-up Call C．Arts and Humanities: A Must-keep Program D．Vocation and commercialization: A Focused Trend Passage 4 （浙江省金华市十校2024-2025学年高二上学期期末英语试题）There’s a beautiful song by the Indigo Girls released in 1989 called Closer to Fine. The song is about how our thirst for certainty in this world can, surprisingly, mislead us. We seek rock-solid answers to life’s big questions (e.g. What is the purpose of life? What's the right career path for me?) because we think this will allow us to achieve happiness and contentment. For most of us, though, the belief that there are definitive answers to life’s many hard questions can lead to greater levels of dissatisfaction, anxiety, and unhappiness. We all have the evolutionary (进化的) need to survive, but this world presents us with countless challenges to our survival. As civilization has grown more complex, the existential threats to our well-being have increased dramatically. Due to what is called evolutionary mismatch, we face lots of threats and challenges which are foreign to us from an evolutionary standpoint. Such threats include global climate change, racial inequality, dealing with trolls on social media, and so on. For our ancient brains, dealing with so many complex uncertainties creates existential anxiety. We simply did not evolve (进化) to live in the world in which we now live. Thus, we are unconsciously drawn to find certainty, in the hope of making life more predictable, controllable, and, perhaps most importantly, safe. However, the nature of the universe is change. We are a part of this universe and so we are change as well. This is the “being” part of us as human beings. Much unnecessary suffering comes from living in disharmony with the universe, which includes trying to impose (强加) certainty, and predictability upon an ever-changing world. In order to become “closer to fine”, we need to learn to accept and embrace uncertainty through being more flexible so that we are living in greater harmony with the universe. As martial artist Bruce Lee advocated, we use “no way as way”. 1．What does the underlined word “definitive” mean in the second paragraph? A．Reasonable. B．Certain. C．Positive. D．Detailed. 2．What does the evolutionary mismatch in paragraph 3 refer to? A．The evolutionary needs and our existential anxiety. B．The increasing challenges and modern civilizations. C．Our desire to survive and our desire to find certainty. D．Our ancient brains and countless complex uncertainties. 3．What did Bruce Lee advocate? A．Be flexible. B．Be predictable. C．Change the universe. D．Accept suffering. 4．Which of the following is the best title for the text? A．Find Certainty in an Uncertain World B．Embrace Uncertainty to Be Closer to Fine C．How to Deal with Anxiety in Modern Life D．How to Satisfy Evolutionary Needs to Survive Passage 5 （浙江省嘉兴市2024-2025学年高二上学期期末测试英语试题）In an age when online misinformation is seemingly everywhere and objective facts are frequently questioned, some psychologists have presented a solution: Expose young children to more misinformation online — not less. Doing so in limited circumstances, and with careful oversight and education, can help children gain the tools they’ll need to tell fact from falsehood online, said Evan Orticio, a Ph. D．student in UC Berkeley’s Department of Psychology. “Children are born with skepticismc (质疑) and they can adapt their level of skepticism according to the quality of information they’ve seen before in a digital context,” Orticio said. “They can use their expectations of how this digital environment works to make reasonable adjustments to how much they trust or distrust information. ” Minors encounter health misinformation within minutes of creating a TikTok account. Even platforms intended for young audiences like YouTube Kids have become spaces for misinformation. That’s a particular problem because parents may have the impression that these are safe places their kids can explore. That may give a false sense of security and allow falsehoods and problematic content to go unchecked and be taken as true and acceptable. So encountering misinformation when children surf online is unavoidable. If children have some experience working in controlled but imperfect environments where they are constantly encountering things that aren’t quite right, and we show them the process for figuring out what is actually true and not, that will set them up with the expectation to be more critical. Orticio said, “Rather than trying to sanitize their online environments, parents should have discussions with their children about how to check claims and talk about what they’re seeing. ” It’s not that we need to enhance their skepticism. It’s that we need to give them the ability to use that skepticism to their advantage. 1．Why should children be exposed to more misinformation online? A．To maintain their level of skepticism. B．To help them adjust to misinformation. C．To equip them with fact-checking skills. D．To lower their expectations of information. 2．What mistake do parents probably make according to paragraph 3? A．Gathering false information online. B．Creating online accounts for their kids. C．Robbing their kids of a sense of security. D．Taking imperfect platforms for safe places. 3．What does the underlined word “sanitize” in the last paragraph mean? A．Adapt to. B．Rely on. C．Figure out. D．Clean up. 4．What should parents offer to help children explore the online world? A．Proper guidance. B．Good digital resources. C．Prevention strategies. D．Limited Internet access. Passage 6 （浙江省金华市十校2024-2025学年高二上学期期末英语试题）Imagine a potter(陶工), sitting quietly on a small chair, holding soft clay(黏土) in his hands, sculpting it as he spins the pottery wheel. The clay’s fate is completely in the potter’s hands. A skilled potter would turn it into a beautiful container but the same clay, when handed to a green hand, may be ruined. Just as the potter shapes clay into containers, our lives are shaped by the hands of our surroundings — the people we meet, the places we go, each conversation and every experience shape us into who we are. Jim Rohn once said, “You are the average of the top 5 people you spend your most time with.” Now think about the company you keep — the ones who share your joys, wipe tears away and share your dreams. Every part of you is nothing but their average. Back in middle school, most of my classmates didn’t quite match my level of intellect (智力). More often than not, I stood out from them; although it felt really satisfying, it somehow lacked the challenge I desired. It wasn’t until I started high school that I found what I was searching for. High school did feel frightening at first. I found myself surrounded by brighter, wiser and prettier faces than I ever imagined. I felt inadequate compared to them, but it was in that discomfort that I found growth. To grow, you got to be with people who stand out in areas where you fall short, those who inspire you to learn and improve. Just as tough competition pushes athletes to stand out, great people bring out the best in you. So, find your people, people who’ll inspire and uplift you, who have qualities you want. They wouldn’t simply hand you success but force you to lift yourself higher and higher. But if negativity surrounds you, don’t expect positive changes in your life. If you’re always with people who see nothing but reasons why things can’t be done, then that will also become your reality. 1．What does the author compare our surroundings to? A．The potter. B．The clay. C．The pottery wheel. D．The container. 2．Which of the following best describes the author’s high school? A．Dull. B．Painful. C．Rewarding. D．Thrilling. 3．Who does the author suggest readers be with in order to grow? A．People who motivate them to advance. B．People who match their level of intellect. C．People who work in the same area as they do. D．People who share happiness and sorrow with them. 4．What is the message conveyed in the text? A．Toughness leads to success. B．Positivity outweighs hard work. C．Birds of a feather gather together. D．Success loves a successful company. Passage 7 （浙江省台州市2024-2025学年高二上学期1月期末统考英语试题）A quote from the American writer, F. Scott Fitzgerald, reads, “To be kind is more important than to be right. Many times, what people need is not a brilliant mind that speaks but a special heart that listens.” Often, we clamor (大声地要求) to be right, to dazzle people with our knowledge and intellect, to show them we are the “superior know-it-all”. However, upon reflection, I find that Fitzgerald’s quote resonates with me more. In this fast-paced, competitive society, most people would want to strive for excellence, to be the best they can be. There is nothing wrong with this. However, there are certain individuals who take it a step further and make it their personal motto to exhibit their one-upmanship (胜人一筹) against anyone whose views differ from theirs. They believe intensely that their values and their knowledge are flawless. Often such people will out-talk those who disagree with them. While they may have seemingly won the argument, is there any real meaning to this? Both parties are likely to dig their heels in and unlikely to admit they are wrong, until one side gives in or gives up. In contrast, I believe it is far more important to be kind than right. Even if we know we are right, we do not have to press our views on others. We should in fact listen more, and learn to appreciate viewpoints that are different from ours. As the famed American educator Stephen Covey once said, “Seek first to understand, then be understood.” Often, we listen not to understand but to contradict the other person. In an argument with someone, we do not even listen to what the other person has to say because while they talk, we are already mentally trying to find ways to shoot down their ideas. It would be far better to silence our minds and to actually pay attention to what the other person is saying. Moreover, the insistence on being right all the time comes with its own extra damage — human relationships are hurt in the process. To prove we are right, we become judgmental. We consider the other person to be less worthy because they are “wrong”. To be right means we put ourselves in the front and center of the relationship, ignoring the feelings of the other party. Friendships and even family relationships become tense just for the sake of winning the argument, when love and empathy would have worked better to ease the tension. 1．Why does the author mention Fitzgerald’s quote in the first paragraph? A．To present the fact. B．To make a contrast. C．To introduce the topic. D．To provide an example. 2．Which best explains the underlined phrase “dig their heels in”? A．Admit one’s mistake. B．Win an argument. C．Accept others’ views. D．Stick to one’s points. 3．According to paragraph 3, why do people often listen in an argument? A．To oppose others’ ideas. B．To appreciate different views. C．To silence others’ minds. D．To seek mutual understanding. 4．Which of the following would the author probably agree with? A．Arguing enables us to get closer to the truth. B．Life is not a race about being right or wrong. C．Quality human relationships are easy to hurt. D．Striving for excellence causes most arguments. Passage 8 （浙江省湖州市2022-2023学年高二上学期期末调研测试英语试题）There are too many fat people in America, so many Americans are fighting against overweight. But the strange thing is that the French, who consume rich food, continue to stay thin. Now a research by Cornell University suggests how life style and decisions about eating may affect weight. Researchers concluded that the French tend to stop eating when they feel full. However, Americans tend to stop when their plates are empty or their favorite TV show is over. According to Dr. Joseph Mercola, a health expert, the French see eating as an important part of their life style. They enjoy food and therefore spend a fairly long time at the table, while Americans see eating as something to be squeezed between the other daily activities. Mercola believes Americans lose the ability to sense when they are actually full. So they keep eating long after the French would have stopped. In addition, he points out that Americans drive to huge supermarkets to buy canned and frozen foods for the week. The French, instead tend to shop daily, walking to small shops and farmers’ markets where they have a choice of fresh fruits, vegetables, and eggs as well as high-quality meats for each meal. After a visit to the United States, Mireille Guiliano, author of French Women Don’t Get Fat, decided to write about the importance of knowing when to stop rather than suggesting how to avoid food. Today she continues to stay slim and rarely goes to the gym. In spite of all these differences, evidence shows that recent life style changes may be affecting French eating habits. Today the rate of obesity(肥胖)among adults is only 6%. However, as American fast food gains acceptance and the young reject older traditions, the obesity rate among French children has reached 17%-and is growing. 1．Americans struggle with watching their weight mainly because ______. A．they prefer to consume rich food. B．they only buy food in huge supermarkets. C．they desire to be as slim as TV stars. D．they fail to stop eating even if they are full. 2．What can we learn from Dr. Joseph Mercola in paragraph 2? A．Frenchmen place too much importance on eating. B．Frenchmen have a smaller appetite for food. C．Americans like to buy food in big supermarkets. D．Americans have no interest for fruits and vegetables. 3．How does the author present his ideas in the text? A．By giving examples. B．By providing explanations. C．By making comparison. D．By listing figures. 4．What does the text focus on? A．Americans and Frenchmen. B．Lifestyle and obesity. C．Diet and personalities. D．Fast food and overweight. 新闻报道 Passage 1 （浙江省杭州市西湖区学军西溪,学军紫金港,学军海创园2024-2025学年高二上学期期末考英语试卷）Nobel committees recognized the transformative power of artificial intelligence (AI) in two of the prizes for 2024 — honoring pioneers of neural (神经系统的) networks in the physics prize, and the developers of computational tools to study and design proteins in the chemistry prize. But not all researchers are happy. Several physicists argued that the science underlying machine learning was not actually physics. “I like machine learning and artificial neural networks as much as the next person, but it’s hard to see that this is a physics discovery.” Jonathan Pritchard, an astrophysicist at Imperial College London. Not everyone was troubled, however. “Hopfield and Hinton’s research brought together physics, math, computer science and neuroscience,” said Matt Strassler, a theoretical physicist at Harvard University, “In that sense, it belongs to all of these fields.” Anil Ananthaswamy, a science writer based in Berkeley, pointed out that although the research cited by the Nobel committee might not be theoretical physics in the purest sense, it is rooted in techniques and concepts from physics, such as energy. But Anil also added, the connection with physics became more delicate in upcoming developments in machine learning, particularly in techniques that made neural networks easier to train. Computer science seemed to be completing its Nobel takeover the day after the physics prize announcement, when Demis Hassabis and John Jumper won half of the chemistry Nobel. The prize was a recognition of the innovative force of AI, but also of the steady gathering of knowledge in structural and computational biology. “It wasn’t just that we went to work, pressed the AI button, and then all went home,” Jumper said. “It was really an iterative (迭代的) process where we developed, we did research, we tried to find the right kind of combinations between what the community understood about proteins and how we build those insights into our architecture.” Since they were first awarded in 1901, the Nobels have often highlighted the impact of research on society, and have rewarded practical inventions, not only pure science. In this respect, this year’s prizes are not outliers. 1．How did Jonathan Pritchard react to this year’s Nobel Prize in Physics? A．He praised the organizers. B．He doubted the discovery. C．He congratulated the winners. D．He questioned the classification. 2．What can we learn from paragraph 3? A．Hopfield and Hinton’s research is a combination of multiple fields. B．The Nobel committee only considers pure theoretical physics for awards. C．The connection between physics and machine learning is irrelevant. D．The future developments in machine learning will completely eliminate physics. 3．What did Jumper owe their achievement to? A．The AI-powered iterative research. B．The innovative research in architecture. C．The community-driven research process. D．The use of AI research for quick answers. 4．Which of the following questions does the text mainly address? A．Who won this year’s Nobels using AI? B．How do this year’s Nobels reflect AI’s role? C．Why are scientists against this year’s Nobels? D．What’s the outcome of this year’s Nobels debate? Passage 2 （浙江省杭州市新东方2023-2024学年高二上期末考英语试题03）Several security guards of residential compounds in Beijing and workers were seen shoveling snow and some parked vehicles were covered by thick overnight snow. The first snowfall of winter arrived in Beijing early Monday, covering the Chinese capital with a mantle (披风) of white overnight and plunging (使……下降) the city into freezing temperatures, with even colder weather coming this week in northern China. Snowfall reached 5.8 mm on average by early Monday, with the highest snowfall of 10.2 mm recorded in Fangshan district, Beijing Meteorological (气象的) Service data showed. Beijing typically sees its first snow of the season between late November and February, or even none at all. More snowfall is expected this week, with temperatures seen further sliding to as low as -20°Celsius. The Chinese capital last saw such similarly extremely cold weather on Jan. 7, 2021, when the temperature dropped to -19.6℃. The cold snap (寒潮) in Beijing this week, compared with the autumn-like conditions a week ago, mirrored the sharp swings in temperatures recently. In October, Beijing experienced one of its warmest Octobers in decades in a year of weather extremes. On Monday, the government warned of road icing in large parts of the city of nearly 22 million, with authorities shutting some expressways or partially closing sections. By 10 a. m. local time, 62 out of a few hundred flights had been cancelled at the Beijing Capital Airport. Railway authorities enforced speed limits on lines connecting Beijing and Guangzhou in southern China, causing delays in some passenger trains. By 7 a. m. Monday, more than 180 bus routes in Beijing had been suspended. The official Beijing Daily reported that vegetable stocks were enough, hitting this year’s highest daily market volume of 23,800 tons, as merchants stocked up (备货) ahead of time. Huang, a Beijing resident working in the internet sector, said the snow in Beijing came early. “Normally, it doesn’t snow until the Spring Festival,” Huang said, referring to the start of the Lunar New Year, which typically falls in January or February. 1．Which of the following is not used to show the seriousness of the snowfall in paragraph? A．By listing out numbers. B．By illustrating a viewpoint. C．By citing data from the authority. D．By making comparisons. 2．What contrast in weather conditions did Beijing experience as mentioned in the article? A．From hot summers to mild winters. B．From dry conditions to heavy rainfall. C．From autumn-like conditions to a sudden coldness. D．From constant snow to unexpectedly warm temperatures. 3．Which of the following word is close to the meaning of “enforced” in paragraph 4? A．introduced B．obeyed C．happened D．improved 4．What positive measure did merchants in Beijing take in anticipation of the snowfall? A．Organized community support groups. B．Increased storage of essential supplies. C．Created emergency shelters for the homeless. D．Offered discounts and sales to boost business. Passage 3 （浙江省杭州二中2023-2024学年上学期高二年级期末考英语试题）Two very different movies were released on July 21 this summer in the West, bringing record numbers of people into cinemas as the “Barbenheimer (芭比海默)” trend took over social media. Barbie and Oppenheimer have been huge hits around the world, with Barbie alone making over 1 billion US dollars just 17 days after release. This makes it Wamer Bros studio’s fastest movie to reach $1 billion and the film’s director, Greta Gerwig, the first-ever solo female filmmaker with a billion-dollar film. Barbie and Oppenheimer are an interesting pair because of how different they are from one another. Barbie is about a famous toy coming to life and facing issues of sexism and finding her own identity. Meanwhile, Oppenheimer is a serious male-driven historical film about J. Robert Oppenheimer’s Manhattan Project and the development of the atomic bomb. The release of these two huge, wildly different movies on the same day led to the creation of countless memes (表情包) under the Barbenheimer hashtag. Filmgoers have even gone to see both movies one right after the other, with some dressing up in pink for Barbie going on to see Oppenheimer as well. Meanwhile, people have found some of the “Barbenheimer” memes disturbing. Atomic bombs killed many people and they think the memes made light of a very dark time in history. But the films have brought a healthy boost to cinema ticket sales around the world, helping an industry that has faced many challenges in recent years. The increasing popularity of streaming services and the COVID-19 pandemic have kept people out of cinemas. Now, the strikes from writers and actors over concerns of pay and about the use of artificial intelligence by film studios are also having an impact. Add to that a public tired of yearly big movies about superheroes and fast cars, as declining ticket sales suggest. Described as a historic moment for the movie industry. “‘Barbenheimer’ will go down as one of the biggest and unexpected milestones in the history of cinema,” Paul Dergarabedian at Comscore told CNN. 1．What made Barbie a significant achievement for Wamer Bros? A．Representing male-driven films. B．Reaching $1 billion in record time. C．Addressing issues about identity. D．Greta Gerwig becoming the director. 2．Why are Barbie and Oppenheimer described as an “interesting pair”? A．They both feature female characters. B．They were released on the same day. C．They have opposite disturbing memes. D．They explore completely different themes. 3．What is the impact of the releases of Barbic and Oppenheimer? A．They have caused a decrease in streaming service. B．They have stimulated cinema ticket sales globally. C．They have motivated people to avoid the cinemas. D．They have sparked controversy regarding sexism. 4．Which challenge has the film industry faced in recent times? A．Increasing costs of film production. B．Conflicts with social media platforms. C．Filmgoers’ preference for superhero movies. D．Disapproval from writers and actors over Al use. Passage 4 （浙江省绍兴市诸暨市2023-2024学年高二上学期期末检测英语试题）Eight scientists were awarded the 2023 Future Science Prize, also called “China’s Nobel Prize”, the first Chinese non-governmental science award jointly initiated by groups of scientists and entrepreneurs (企业家). Since the establishment in 2016, a total of 35 scientists have been awarded the Future Science Prize so far. Chai Jijie and Zhou Jianmin received the Future Science Prize in life sciences for the discovery of resistosomes (抗原小体) and explanations of their molecular structures and functions in plant immune responses against pathogens (病原体). Understanding of resistosome functions will lead to better methods for controlling plant disease and therefore have enormous importance for global food security. Chai said that he felt extremely honored, excited and happy via a video call at the press conference. He emphasized that this recognition was not only for himself but also for the team’s years of hard work. “My cooperation with Professor Zhou has lasted for nearly 20 years. Our partnership has been productive and enjoyable, and I believe our cooperation will carry on,” he said. During the video call, Zhou remarked that the Future Science Prize is grounded in the national context. It is heartening to see that the prize places greater emphasis on supporting agriculture. Zhao Zhongxian and Chen Xianhui received the Future Science Prize in physical sciences for their influential breakthroughs in the discovery of high-temperature superconducting materials and systematic advancements in elevating the transition temperature. Notably, both Zhao and Chen conducted systematic studies to show the underlying physical mechanisms of high Tc materials, positioning themselves at the forefront of superconductor research for several years. He Kaiming, Sun Jian, Ren Shaoqing, Zhang Xiangyu received the Future Science Prize in mathematics and computer science, for their extraordinary contributions to artificial intelligence by introducing deep residual learning (深度残差学习). The 2023 Future Science Prize Week and the Award Ceremony were held in Hong Kong from October 14 to 17. 1．For what were the eight scientists awarded? A．Their never-ending pursuit of knowledge. B．Their long-term partnership in researches. C．Their remarkable contributions to science. D．Their intense efforts to overcome barriers. 2．What contributes to their discovery according to Chai? A．Vision. B．Passion. C．Ambition. D．Cooperation. 3．What does the underlined sentence in paragraph 5 indicate? A．Their discovery is ground-breaking. B．Zhao and Chen have a long way to go. C．Research is certain to be rewarded. D．The real value cannot be overestimated. 4．What is the writing purpose of the passage? A．To appeal to many more people to innovate. B．To reveal the recipe for their great success. C．To encourage us to be committed to science. D．To introduce the 2023 Future Science Prize. Passage 5 （浙江省宁波市余姚市2023-2024学年高二上学期期末考试英语试题）China’s leading liquor (烈性酒) producer, Kweichou Moutai (贵州茅台), and domestic coffee chain, Luckin Coffee, have launched a sauce-flavored latte (酱香拿铁) recently, as the Chinese luxury liquor maker aims to pull in more younger consumers. The 38-yuan sauce-flavored latte, which Luckin discounted to 19 yuan on the first day of sales, was one of the most popular topics on Chinese social media platform Weibo. Moutai is a colorless spirit that is usually served at banquets (宴会) in China, and drinkers say that the flavor of Moutai latte is similar to soy sauce. The companies said the latte alcohol content was lower than 0.5 percent of its volume. Kweichow Moutai has been looking for ways to be more accessible and appeal to a new generation of users. The company, based in China’s southwestern Guizhou province, also launched a baijiu-infused ice cream last year. With baijiu in it, the new ice cream became a hit. Chinese social media users posted videos of themselves picking up cups of the drink and being told by sales staff that they should not drive after drinking it. By Monday afternoon in Beijing, the app showed buyers would need to wait for more than an hour to pick up their drinks. Independent food industry analyst Zhu Danpeng said the cooperation would most likely benefit both brands. “Moutai and Luckin are the leading firms in the domestic liquor and coffee sectors, respectively,” Zhu said, “On the one hand, Moutai accelerates its brand rejuvenation (复兴) through cooperation with Luckin. On the other hand, for Luckin, its cooperation with Moutai also helps to improve its comprehensive strength and brand tone in the coffee industry.” 1．What is the alcohol content in the sauce-flavored latte? A．Less than 1 percent. B．Less than 0.5 percent. C．Exactly 1 percent. D．Exactly 0.5 percent. 2．What is the primary goal behind Kweichou Moutai’s cooperation with Luckin Coffee? A．To attract more younger buyers. B．To create an affordable luxury drink for the masses. C．To improve their quality and reputation. D．To introduce the culture of drinking coffee in China. 3．What does the underlined word “infused” in paragraph 3 mean? A．Finished. B．Filled. C．Exchanged. D．Behaved. 4．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．An Accessible Spirit B．A Long Journey to Rejuvenation C．An Unexpected Cooperation D．Two Creative Brands / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题06 阅读理解（议论文和新闻报道） 议论文 Passage 1 （浙江省丽水市遂昌中学2024-2025学年高二上学期1月期末英语试题）Living and dealing with kids can be a tough job these days, but living and dealing with parents can be even tougher. If I have learned anything in my 16 years, it is that communication is very important, both when you disagree and when you get along. With any relationship, you need to let other person know how you are feeling. If you are not able to communicate, you drift apart. When you are mad at your parents, or anyone else, not talking to them doesn’t solve anything. Communication begins with the concerns of another. It means that you can’t just come home from school, go up to your room and ignore everyone. Even if you just say “Hi”, and see how their day was for five minutes, it is better than nothing. If you looked up the word “communication” in a dictionary, it would say “the exchange of ideas, the conveyance of information, correspondence, means of communication: a letter or a message”. To maintain a good relationship, you must keep communication strong. Let people know how you feel, even if it’s just by writing a note. When dealing with parents, you always have to make them feel good about how they are doing as a parent. If you are trying to make them see something as you see it, tell them that you’ll listen to what they have to say, but ask them politely to listen to you. Yelling or walking away only makes the situation worse. This is an example: one night, Sophie went to a street party with her friends. She knew she had to be home by midnight after the fireworks, but she didn’t feel she could just ask to go home. That would be rude. After all, they had been nice enough to take her along with them. Needless to say, she was late getting home. Her parents were mad at first, not when Sophie explained why she was late, they weren’t as mad and let the incident go. Communication is the key factor here. If Sophie’s parents had not been willing to listen, Sophie would have been in a lot of trouble. Communication isn’t a one-way deal: it goes both ways. Just remember: if you get into a situation like Sophie’s, telling the other person how you feel-listening is the key factor to communication. 1．In the writer’s view, dealing with parents is __________ than with children. A．more difficult B．easier C．more uninteresting D．more interesting 2．What is the main point in the second paragraph? A．The importance of friendship B．To make your feeling known to others C．The importance of communication D．The disagreement between generations 3．When parents and children are in communication, what is the key to a happy relationship? A．Children should always obey their parents. B．They should be equal. C．Parents play the leading part. D．Both make the opposite know their feelings. 4．What does the example in the passage try to prove? A．Sophie’s parents are willing to listen to her. B．Sophie is very polite to her parents. C．Sophie did well in explaining her being late. D．Communication is the solution to misunderstanding. 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．D 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇议论文，主要讲的是与父母沟通的重要性。 1．细节理解题． 根据文章第一段“Living and dealing with kids can be a tough job these days, but living and dealing with parents can be even tougher.(如今，与孩子相处是一件艰难的工作，而与父母相处则更加艰难。)”可知，与父母打交道比与孩子打交道更困难。故选A。 2．主旨大意题。根据第二段“If I have learned anything in my 16 years, it is that communication is very important, both when you disagree and when you get along.(如果说我在这16年里学到了什么的话，那就是沟通是非常重要的，无论是在你们意见相左的时候还是在你们相处融洽的时候。)”可知，第二段重点介绍的是沟通的重要性。故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据第四段“To maintain a good relationship, you must keep communication strong. Let people know how you feel, even if it’s just by writing a note.(为了维持良好的关系，你必须保持强有力的沟通。让别人知道你的感受，即使只是写个便条。)”可知，当父母和孩子沟通时，幸福关系的关键是双方都让对方知道自己的感受。故选D。 4．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Communication is the key factor here. If Sophie’s parents had not been willing to listen, Sophie would have been in a lot of trouble.(沟通是关键因素。如果苏菲的父母不愿意听，苏菲就会有很多麻烦。)”可知，文章中的例子试图证明沟通是解决误解的方法。故选D。 Passage 2 （浙江省杭州市西湖区学军西溪,学军紫金港,学军海创园2024-2025学年高二上学期期末考英语试卷）The negative nature of peer pressure (同伴压力) is often presented without question. The undesirable effect of peer pressure cannot be denied, but is it also possible that peer pressure might not entirely deserve its bad reputation? Could peer pressure also have positive effects on the personal development and behavior of young people? A look at the scientific literature reveals exactly that peer pressure is not always a force for the dark side. Many studies suggest that peer pressure and the desire to conform (顺从) are simply a part of being human. Humans, after all, are highly social beings. If humans are hard-wired to respond to peer pressure, then it makes sense to examine how it can be used to change behavior in a positive way. Imagine a situation: student X has always enjoyed playing the guitar but is lazy and unmotivated. Although initially unwilling, she is persuaded to join a school band. The group of students is preparing for a performance and the existing members are enthusiastic, focused and hardworking. Gradually, student X is caught up in the spirit of the band and before long she is willingly making the same commitment of time and effort so they can achieve a common goal. So how does it work? Peer pressure - both positive and negative - follows a recognizable psychological process. If student X does not inform to the established culture of the band, she risks rejection. To dispel tension, student X changes her habits and increases the amount of time and energy she devotes to practice. Some psychologists describe this transposition of personal goals or standards to achieve harmony as part of a “identity shift”. The key to understanding the concept of peer pressure and its power over humans is to closely examine the science of the process, rather than focus on its negative aspects. Providing a one-dimensional view of the concept encourages the bias (偏见) that peer pressure is a strictly undesirable feature of human society. Instead, we should be exploring way to use its power for good. 1．Why does the author raise the two questions about peer pressure in paragraph 1? A．To point out misinterpretations of it. B．To encourage reflection on it. C．To doubt the investigations into it. D．To show general perceptions of it. 2．What should student X do to fit into the band? A．Enhance her leadership. B．Stick to her old routines. C．Learn to play more instruments. D．Invest more energy in playing the guitar. 3．What does the underlined word “dispel” in paragraph 3 mean? A．Hide. B．Sense. C．Remove. D．Display. 4．what is the best title for the text? A．Peer Pressure: Harmful or Helpful? B．Peer Pressure: A Key to Group Success C．Peer Pressure: Beyond the Negative Label D．Peer Pressure: A Psychological Perspective 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．C 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要围绕同伴压力的积极影响展开，强调理解同伴压力要关注其科学过程而非仅聚焦消极面，呼吁探索利用其积极力量的方法。 1．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“The negative nature of peer pressure (同伴压力) is often presented without question. The undesirable effect of peer pressure cannot be denied, but is it also possible that peer pressure might not entirely deserve its bad reputation? Could peer pressure also have positive effects on the personal development and behavior of young people? A look at the scientific literature reveals exactly that peer pressure is not always a force for the dark side.(同伴压力的消极本质常常被人们不假思索地认定。同伴压力带来的不良影响是不可否认的，但有没有可能同伴压力并不完全应得它的坏名声呢？同伴压力是否也能对年轻人的个人发展和行为产生积极影响呢？查阅一下科学文献就会发现，同伴压力并不总是一股邪恶的力量。)”可知，作者先指出同伴压力的消极性常被毫无疑问地呈现，其不良影响不可否认，接着提出两个关于同伴压力的问题，即同伴压力是否不应完全背负坏名声，以及它是否对年轻人的个人发展和行为有积极影响。作者提出这两个问题，是为了让读者思考同伴压力是否只有消极影响，是否也存在积极的一面，鼓励读者对同伴压力进行更深入的反思。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Imagine a situation: student X has always enjoyed playing the guitar but is lazy and unmotivated. Although initially unwilling, she is persuaded to join a school band. The group of students is preparing for a performance and the existing members are enthusiastic, focused and hardworking. Gradually, student X is caught up in the spirit of the band and before long she is willingly making the same commitment of time and effort so they can achieve a common goal.(设想这样一种情况：学生X一直喜欢弹吉他，但她很懒惰，缺乏动力。起初她并不愿意，但在别人的劝说下加入了学校乐队。乐队里的学生们正在为一场演出做准备，现有的成员都充满热情、专注且勤奋。渐渐地，学生X被乐队的精神所感染，没过多久，她就心甘情愿地投入同样多的时间和精力，以便大家能够实现一个共同的目标。)”以及第三段“If student X does not inform to the established culture of the band, she risks rejection. To dispel tension, student X changes her habits and increases the amount of time and energy she devotes to practice.(如果学生X不融入乐队已有的文化氛围，她就有可能被排斥。为了消除这种紧张感，学生X改变了自己的习惯，增加了用于练习的时间和精力。)”可知，学生X加入的是乐队，且之前弹吉他比较懒惰缺乏动力，现在为了融入乐队要增加投入练习的时间和精力，也就是在弹吉他上投入更多精力。故选D。 3．词义猜测题。根据划线单词上文以及所在句“If student X does not inform to the established culture of the band, she risks rejection. To dispel tension, student X changes her habits and increases the amount of time and energy she devotes to practice.(如果学生X不融入乐队已有的文化氛围，她就有可能被排斥。为了……这种紧张感，学生X改变了自己的习惯，增加了用于练习的时间和精力。)”可知，学生X为了避免被排斥，通过改变习惯和增加练习投入来消除紧张感。划线单词和“消除”意思一致。选项C“remove”意为“消除”，与此相符。故选C。 4．主旨大意题。根据文章内容可知，文章开篇指出同伴压力的消极性常被认定，但其不良影响虽不可否认，接着通过提问同伴压力是否不应完全背负坏名声、是否有积极影响引出话题。随后以学生X加入乐队为例，阐述了同伴压力的积极作用，还从心理学角度解释了其起作用的过程。最后强调理解同伴压力要关注其科学过程而非仅聚焦消极面，应探索利用其积极力量的方法。整体文章强调同伴压力不只是有消极的一面，不应只给它贴上负面标签。选项C“Peer Pressure: Beyond the Negative Label(同伴压力：超越负面标签)”准确地概括了文章主旨，强调要突破对同伴压力仅有的负面认知，看到其积极的可能性。故选C。 Passage 3 （浙江省杭州市西湖区西湖高中2024-2025学年高二上学期期末考英语试卷）Studying literature allows us to explore universal truths, which may deliver a lifetime sense of wellbeing. However, such benefits were sadly not enough to persuade Sheffield Hallam University to continue to offer an English literature degree to undergraduates. Due to falling demand for arts and humanities courses, the university is ceasing the course. It follows a similar move by the University of Cumbria last year and cuts to humanities funding elsewhere. This decline is partly caused by the increasing commercialization of higher education, which values degrees based on job prospects and starting salaries. With dramatically increasing graduates owing over £100,000 in student loans, it is understandable that young people from lower-income backgrounds might think twice about taking a non-vocational (非职业类的) course. Applications for English studies have fallen steadily since 2012, when the tuition fees rose to £9,000. Meanwhile, supposedly “dead end” university courses-those which fail to deliver an instant graduate reward in the job market are coming under increasingly aggressive inspection. This year, the Office for Students set out plans to remove funding for “low quality” courses, defined as those where less than 60% of participants go into good jobs or further study soon after graduating. The overall approach is both wrong-headed and shortsighted. As Mr Graham points out, the arts and entertainment industry has become one of the few booming areas of the economy in which Britain can claim to be world-leading. Additionally, judging the worth of a course solely by labor market outcomes ignores other important values, such as personal growth and cultural contribution. After a decade of marketisation, a seriously practical worldview is beginning to sweep over England’s higher education sector. But the inner quality and worth of a course cannot be fairly judged by reference to employment statistics and labour market outcomes. Sheffield Hallam’s decision must be a wake-up call for those concerned to preserve the future of the arts and humanities in our universities. 1．Why did Sheffield Hallam University cease its English literature course? A．A lack of qualified teachers. B．Decreased need for arts and humanities. C．Poor feedback about the program. D．Rising interest in vocational courses. 2．Which factor has discouraged students from applying for humanities degrees? A．No funding from the government. B．High tuition fees and student loan debt. C．A rise in competitive vocational programs. D．A barrier to personal growth. 3．What is the author’s attitude to the trend of reducing humanities courses in universities? A．Critical. B．Supportive. C．Neutral. D．Unconcerned. 4．Which of following is a suitable title for the text? A．Higher Education Industry: A Heated Game B．Major Adjustment Policy: A Wake-up Call C．Arts and Humanities: A Must-keep Program D．Vocation and commercialization: A Focused Trend 【答案】1．B 2．B 3．A 4．C 【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章批判了高等教育过度商业化，呼吁重视人文课程的综合价值。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“Due to falling demand for arts and humanities courses, the university is ceasing the course. (由于艺术和人文学科的需求下降，该大学将停止该课程)”可知，该大学终止其英国文学课程是因为对艺术和人文学科的需求减少了。故选B。 2．细节理解题。 根据第二段“With dramatically increasing  graduates owing over £100,000 in student loans, it is understandable  that young people from lower-income backgrounds might think twice about  taking a non-vocational (非职业类的) course. Applications for English studies have fallen steadily since 2012, when the tuition fees rose to £9,000.(随着越来越多的毕业生背负着超过10万英镑的学生贷款，来自低收入背景的年轻人在选择非职业课程时可能会三思，这是可以理解的。自2012年学费升至9000英镑以来，申请英语课程的人数一直在稳步下降)”可知，高昂的学费和学生贷款债务阻碍了学生申请人文学位。故选B。 3．推理判断题。根据第四段“The overall approach is both wrong-headed and shortsighted. As Mr Graham points out, the arts and entertainment industry has become one of the few booming areas of the economy in which Britain can claim to be world-leading. Additionally, judging the worth of a course solely by labor market outcomes ignores other important values, such as personal growth and cultural contribution.(总的来说，这种做法既错误又短视。正如格雷厄姆所指出的那样，艺术和娱乐产业已经成为英国经济中为数不多的几个蓬勃发展的领域之一，在这些领域，英国可以宣称自己处于世界领先地位。此外，仅仅根据劳动力市场的结果来判断一门课程的价值，忽略了其他重要的价值，比如个人成长和文化贡献)”可推知，作者对大学减少人文课程的趋势持批判态度。故选A。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文，根据第一段“Studying literature allows us to explore universal truths, which may deliver a lifetime sense of wellbeing.(学习文学可以让我们探索普遍的真理，这可能会带来一生的幸福感)”等内容可知，文章核心观点是反对削减人文课程，强调其重要性（如经济贡献、文化价值）。由此可知，C项“艺术与人文：必修课程”符合主题，适合作本文标题。故选C。 Passage 4 （浙江省金华市十校2024-2025学年高二上学期期末英语试题）There’s a beautiful song by the Indigo Girls released in 1989 called Closer to Fine. The song is about how our thirst for certainty in this world can, surprisingly, mislead us. We seek rock-solid answers to life’s big questions (e.g. What is the purpose of life? What's the right career path for me?) because we think this will allow us to achieve happiness and contentment. For most of us, though, the belief that there are definitive answers to life’s many hard questions can lead to greater levels of dissatisfaction, anxiety, and unhappiness. We all have the evolutionary (进化的) need to survive, but this world presents us with countless challenges to our survival. As civilization has grown more complex, the existential threats to our well-being have increased dramatically. Due to what is called evolutionary mismatch, we face lots of threats and challenges which are foreign to us from an evolutionary standpoint. Such threats include global climate change, racial inequality, dealing with trolls on social media, and so on. For our ancient brains, dealing with so many complex uncertainties creates existential anxiety. We simply did not evolve (进化) to live in the world in which we now live. Thus, we are unconsciously drawn to find certainty, in the hope of making life more predictable, controllable, and, perhaps most importantly, safe. However, the nature of the universe is change. We are a part of this universe and so we are change as well. This is the “being” part of us as human beings. Much unnecessary suffering comes from living in disharmony with the universe, which includes trying to impose (强加) certainty, and predictability upon an ever-changing world. In order to become “closer to fine”, we need to learn to accept and embrace uncertainty through being more flexible so that we are living in greater harmony with the universe. As martial artist Bruce Lee advocated, we use “no way as way”. 1．What does the underlined word “definitive” mean in the second paragraph? A．Reasonable. B．Certain. C．Positive. D．Detailed. 2．What does the evolutionary mismatch in paragraph 3 refer to? A．The evolutionary needs and our existential anxiety. B．The increasing challenges and modern civilizations. C．Our desire to survive and our desire to find certainty. D．Our ancient brains and countless complex uncertainties. 3．What did Bruce Lee advocate? A．Be flexible. B．Be predictable. C．Change the universe. D．Accept suffering. 4．Which of the following is the best title for the text? A．Find Certainty in an Uncertain World B．Embrace Uncertainty to Be Closer to Fine C．How to Deal with Anxiety in Modern Life D．How to Satisfy Evolutionary Needs to Survive 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．A 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要探讨了人类对确定性的追求及其带来的问题，并提倡接受不确定性以实现内心和谐。 1．词义猜测题。根据第二段中“We seek rock-solid answers to life’s big questions (e.g. What is the purpose of life? What’s the right career path for me? ) because we think this will allow us to achieve happiness and contentment. (对于生活中的重大问题，我们寻求坚如磐石的答案(例如：生活的目的是什么？什么是适合我的职业道路？)因为我们认为这会让我们获得幸福和满足)”可知，我们寻找的是确定的答案。结合本句可知，definitive与选项B意思相近，意为“确定的”，故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Due to what is called evolutionary mismatch, we face lots of threats and challenges which are foreign to us from an evolutionary standpoint. (由于所谓的进化错配，我们面临着许多威胁和挑战，从进化的角度来看，这些威胁和挑战对我们来说是陌生的。)”及“For our ancient brains, dealing with so many complex uncertainties creates existential anxiety. We simply did not evolve (进化) to live in the world in which we now live. (对于我们古老的大脑来说，处理这么多复杂的不确定性会产生存在焦虑。我们根本没有进化到生活在我们现在生活的世界)”可知，evolutionary mismatch是指古老的大脑与复杂的不确定性之间的不匹配，故选D。 3．细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“In order to become “closer to fine”, we need to learn to accept and embrace uncertainty through being more flexible so that we are living in greater harmony with the universe. As martial artist Bruce Lee advocated, we use “no way as way”. (为了变得“更接近完美”，我们需要学会通过更灵活地接受和拥抱不确定性，这样我们才能与宇宙更和谐地生活在一起。正如武术家Bruce Lee所倡导的，“以无法为有法”)”可知，我们需要通过更加灵活来学会接受和拥抱不确定性，即Bruce Lee提倡的是要灵活，故选A。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其根据最后一段中的“In order to become “closer to fine”, we need to learn to accept and embrace uncertainty through being more flexible so that we are living in greater harmony with the universe. (为了变得“更接近完美”，我们需要学会通过更灵活地接受和拥抱不确定性，这样我们才能与宇宙更和谐地生活在一起)”可知，文章主要讲述了我们需要接受和拥抱不确定性，才能变得更加舒适，标题B“拥抱不确定性以更接近美好”最能概括文章内容，故选B。 Passage 5 （浙江省嘉兴市2024-2025学年高二上学期期末测试英语试题）In an age when online misinformation is seemingly everywhere and objective facts are frequently questioned, some psychologists have presented a solution: Expose young children to more misinformation online — not less. Doing so in limited circumstances, and with careful oversight and education, can help children gain the tools they’ll need to tell fact from falsehood online, said Evan Orticio, a Ph. D．student in UC Berkeley’s Department of Psychology. “Children are born with skepticismc (质疑) and they can adapt their level of skepticism according to the quality of information they’ve seen before in a digital context,” Orticio said. “They can use their expectations of how this digital environment works to make reasonable adjustments to how much they trust or distrust information. ” Minors encounter health misinformation within minutes of creating a TikTok account. Even platforms intended for young audiences like YouTube Kids have become spaces for misinformation. That’s a particular problem because parents may have the impression that these are safe places their kids can explore. That may give a false sense of security and allow falsehoods and problematic content to go unchecked and be taken as true and acceptable. So encountering misinformation when children surf online is unavoidable. If children have some experience working in controlled but imperfect environments where they are constantly encountering things that aren’t quite right, and we show them the process for figuring out what is actually true and not, that will set them up with the expectation to be more critical. Orticio said, “Rather than trying to sanitize their online environments, parents should have discussions with their children about how to check claims and talk about what they’re seeing. ” It’s not that we need to enhance their skepticism. It’s that we need to give them the ability to use that skepticism to their advantage. 1．Why should children be exposed to more misinformation online? A．To maintain their level of skepticism. B．To help them adjust to misinformation. C．To equip them with fact-checking skills. D．To lower their expectations of information. 2．What mistake do parents probably make according to paragraph 3? A．Gathering false information online. B．Creating online accounts for their kids. C．Robbing their kids of a sense of security. D．Taking imperfect platforms for safe places. 3．What does the underlined word “sanitize” in the last paragraph mean? A．Adapt to. B．Rely on. C．Figure out. D．Clean up. 4．What should parents offer to help children explore the online world? A．Proper guidance. B．Good digital resources. C．Prevention strategies. D．Limited Internet access. 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．D 4．A 【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章讲述在网络虚假信息泛滥的时代，一些心理学家建议让孩子适当接触虚假信息，家长应给予指导，帮助孩子学会辨别网络信息真假 。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“Doing so in limited circumstances, and with careful oversight and education, can help children gain the tools they’ll need to tell fact from falsehood online, said Evan Orticio, a Ph. D. student in UC Berkeley’s Department of Psychology.(加州大学伯克利分校心理学系的博士生Evan Orticio说，在有限的情况下，并在仔细的监督和教育下这样做，可以帮助孩子们获得他们在网上辨别真假所需的工具)”可知，让孩子们接触更多网络错误信息是为了使他们具备核实事实的技能。故选C项。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段“That’s a particular problem because parents may have the impression that these are safe places their kids can explore.(这是一个特别的问题，因为家长们可能会觉得这些是他们孩子可以探索的安全地方)” 可知，家长可能犯的错误是把不完美的平台当作安全的地方。故选D项。 3．词句猜测题。根据最后一段“Rather than trying to sanitize their online environments, parents should have discussions with their children about how to check claims and talk about what they’re seeing.(与其试图sanitize他们的网络环境，父母应该和他们的孩子讨论如何核实信息，并谈论他们所看到的内容)”并结合语境可知，这里是说与其清理网络环境，不如教孩子辨别，所以sanitize意思是“清理，净化”，与Clean up意思相近。故选D项。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段““Rather than trying to sanitize their online environments, parents should have discussions with their children about how to check claims and talk about what they’re seeing. ” It’s not that we need to enhance their skepticism. It’s that we need to give them the ability to use that skepticism to their advantage.(“与其试图净化他们的网络环境，父母应该和他们的孩子讨论如何核实信息，并谈论他们所看到的内容。”这并不是说我们需要加强他们的怀疑。而是我们需要让他们有能力利用这种怀疑主义)”可知，父母应该为孩子探索网络世界提供适当的指导。故选A项。 Passage 6 （浙江省金华市十校2024-2025学年高二上学期期末英语试题）Imagine a potter(陶工), sitting quietly on a small chair, holding soft clay(黏土) in his hands, sculpting it as he spins the pottery wheel. The clay’s fate is completely in the potter’s hands. A skilled potter would turn it into a beautiful container but the same clay, when handed to a green hand, may be ruined. Just as the potter shapes clay into containers, our lives are shaped by the hands of our surroundings — the people we meet, the places we go, each conversation and every experience shape us into who we are. Jim Rohn once said, “You are the average of the top 5 people you spend your most time with.” Now think about the company you keep — the ones who share your joys, wipe tears away and share your dreams. Every part of you is nothing but their average. Back in middle school, most of my classmates didn’t quite match my level of intellect (智力). More often than not, I stood out from them; although it felt really satisfying, it somehow lacked the challenge I desired. It wasn’t until I started high school that I found what I was searching for. High school did feel frightening at first. I found myself surrounded by brighter, wiser and prettier faces than I ever imagined. I felt inadequate compared to them, but it was in that discomfort that I found growth. To grow, you got to be with people who stand out in areas where you fall short, those who inspire you to learn and improve. Just as tough competition pushes athletes to stand out, great people bring out the best in you. So, find your people, people who’ll inspire and uplift you, who have qualities you want. They wouldn’t simply hand you success but force you to lift yourself higher and higher. But if negativity surrounds you, don’t expect positive changes in your life. If you’re always with people who see nothing but reasons why things can’t be done, then that will also become your reality. 1．What does the author compare our surroundings to? A．The potter. B．The clay. C．The pottery wheel. D．The container. 2．Which of the following best describes the author’s high school? A．Dull. B．Painful. C．Rewarding. D．Thrilling. 3．Who does the author suggest readers be with in order to grow? A．People who motivate them to advance. B．People who match their level of intellect. C．People who work in the same area as they do. D．People who share happiness and sorrow with them. 4．What is the message conveyed in the text? A．Toughness leads to success. B．Positivity outweighs hard work. C．Birds of a feather gather together. D．Success loves a successful company. 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．A 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇议论文，通过对陶工和黏土的比喻，讲述了环境对我们成长的塑造作用，强调要与激励我们进步的人为伍，从而实现自我提升。 1．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Just as the potter shapes clay into containers, our lives are shaped by the hands of our surroundings—the people we meet, the places we go, each conversation and every experience shape us into who we are. (正如陶工将黏土塑造成容器一样，我们的生活也被环境所塑造——我们遇到的人、去过的地方、每一次交谈和经验都在塑造我们是谁)”可知，作者将我们的环境比作陶工，环境对我们的成长起到塑造作用。故选A。 2．推理判断题。根据文章第五段“High school did feel frightening at first. I found myself surrounded by brighter, wiser and prettier faces than I ever imagined. I felt inadequate compared to them, but it was in that discomfort that I found growth. (一开始高中确实令人害怕。我发现周围的人比我想象的更聪明、更聪慧、更漂亮。相比之下，我感到自惭形秽，但正是在这种不适中，我找到了成长)”可知，作者面对更优秀的同伴，初时有压力但随后通过竞争实现了成长，因此可以用“rewarding”(回报丰厚的、有收获的)来描述作者的高中体验。故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据第六段“To grow, you got to be with people who stand out in areas where you fall short, those who inspire you to learn and improve. (要成长，你必须与那些在你不足的领域中脱颖而出的人在一起，他们会激励你学习和提高)”可知，作者建议与能够激励我们进步的人在一起，这样才能促成自我成长。故选A。 4．主旨大意题。根据第六段“So, find your people, people who’ll inspire and uplift you, who have qualities you want. They wouldn’t simply hand you success but force you to lift yourself higher and higher..(所以，找到你的人，那些会激励和提升你的人，他们拥有你想要的品质。他们不会直接把成功交到你手里，而是迫使你不断提升自己)”以及全文核心思想强调与优秀的人为伍，以提升自我。故“Success loves a successful company (成功者喜欢结交成功者)”最能概括文章主旨。故选D。 Passage 7 （浙江省台州市2024-2025学年高二上学期1月期末统考英语试题）A quote from the American writer, F. Scott Fitzgerald, reads, “To be kind is more important than to be right. Many times, what people need is not a brilliant mind that speaks but a special heart that listens.” Often, we clamor (大声地要求) to be right, to dazzle people with our knowledge and intellect, to show them we are the “superior know-it-all”. However, upon reflection, I find that Fitzgerald’s quote resonates with me more. In this fast-paced, competitive society, most people would want to strive for excellence, to be the best they can be. There is nothing wrong with this. However, there are certain individuals who take it a step further and make it their personal motto to exhibit their one-upmanship (胜人一筹) against anyone whose views differ from theirs. They believe intensely that their values and their knowledge are flawless. Often such people will out-talk those who disagree with them. While they may have seemingly won the argument, is there any real meaning to this? Both parties are likely to dig their heels in and unlikely to admit they are wrong, until one side gives in or gives up. In contrast, I believe it is far more important to be kind than right. Even if we know we are right, we do not have to press our views on others. We should in fact listen more, and learn to appreciate viewpoints that are different from ours. As the famed American educator Stephen Covey once said, “Seek first to understand, then be understood.” Often, we listen not to understand but to contradict the other person. In an argument with someone, we do not even listen to what the other person has to say because while they talk, we are already mentally trying to find ways to shoot down their ideas. It would be far better to silence our minds and to actually pay attention to what the other person is saying. Moreover, the insistence on being right all the time comes with its own extra damage — human relationships are hurt in the process. To prove we are right, we become judgmental. We consider the other person to be less worthy because they are “wrong”. To be right means we put ourselves in the front and center of the relationship, ignoring the feelings of the other party. Friendships and even family relationships become tense just for the sake of winning the argument, when love and empathy would have worked better to ease the tension. 1．Why does the author mention Fitzgerald’s quote in the first paragraph? A．To present the fact. B．To make a contrast. C．To introduce the topic. D．To provide an example. 2．Which best explains the underlined phrase “dig their heels in”? A．Admit one’s mistake. B．Win an argument. C．Accept others’ views. D．Stick to one’s points. 3．According to paragraph 3, why do people often listen in an argument? A．To oppose others’ ideas. B．To appreciate different views. C．To silence others’ minds. D．To seek mutual understanding. 4．Which of the following would the author probably agree with? A．Arguing enables us to get closer to the truth. B．Life is not a race about being right or wrong. C．Quality human relationships are easy to hurt. D．Striving for excellence causes most arguments. 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．A 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讲述了善良比正确更重要，人们应该学会倾听和欣赏不同的观点，而不是一味地坚持自己的观点，伤害人际关系。 1．推理判断题。根据第一段“A quote from the American writer, F. Scott Fitzgerald, reads, “To be kind is more important than to be right. Many times, what people need is not a brilliant mind that speaks but a special heart that listens.” Often, we clamor (大声地要求) to be right, to dazzle people with our knowledge and intellect, to show them we are the “superior know-it-all”. However, upon reflection, I find that Fitzgerald’s quote resonates with me more.(引用美国作家F.Scott Fitzgerald的话：“善良比正确更重要。很多时候，人们需要的不是一个会说话的聪明头脑，而是一颗会倾听的特别的心。”我们经常大声要求正确，用我们的知识和智慧让人眼花缭乱，向他们展示我们是“无所不知的卓越者”。然而，经过反思，我发现Fitzgerald的话更能引起我的共鸣)”可知，菲茨杰拉德的引言，引出了本文要讨论的话题，即善良比正确更重要，所以作者在第一段提到菲茨杰拉德的引言是为了引入话题。故选C。 2．词句猜测题。根据划线部分下文“unlikely to admit they are wrong, until one side gives in or gives up.(不愿意承认自己的错误，直到一方让步或放弃)”可知，双方都可能固执己见，由此可知，“dig their heels in”指的是“坚守自己的观点或立场”，选项D“Stick to one’s points(坚持自己的观点)”与其意思相近。故选D。 3．推理判断题。根据第三段“Often, we listen not to understand but to contradict the other person. In an argument with someone, we do not even listen to what the other person has to say because while they talk, we are already mentally trying to find ways to shoot down their ideas.(很多时候，我们倾听不是为了理解，而是为了反驳对方。在与某人争论时，我们甚至不听对方说什么，因为当他们说话时，我们已经在脑海里试图找到方法来驳斥他们的想法)”可知，人们在争论中经常倾听是为了反对别人的想法。故选A。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Moreover, the insistence on being right all the time comes with its own extra damage — human relationships are hurt in the process. To prove we are right, we become judgmental. We consider the other person to be less worthy because they are ‘wrong’.(此外，一直坚持自己是对的也会带来额外的伤害——在这个过程中，人际关系会受到伤害。为了证明我们是对的，我们会变得爱评判别人。我们认为对方不值得，因为他们是‘错的’)”可推知，作者认为生活不是一场关于对错的竞赛，为了证明自己对而去伤害人际关系是不值得的，所以作者可能会同意“生活不是一场关于对错的竞赛”这一观点。故选B。 Passage 8 （浙江省湖州市2022-2023学年高二上学期期末调研测试英语试题）There are too many fat people in America, so many Americans are fighting against overweight. But the strange thing is that the French, who consume rich food, continue to stay thin. Now a research by Cornell University suggests how life style and decisions about eating may affect weight. Researchers concluded that the French tend to stop eating when they feel full. However, Americans tend to stop when their plates are empty or their favorite TV show is over. According to Dr. Joseph Mercola, a health expert, the French see eating as an important part of their life style. They enjoy food and therefore spend a fairly long time at the table, while Americans see eating as something to be squeezed between the other daily activities. Mercola believes Americans lose the ability to sense when they are actually full. So they keep eating long after the French would have stopped. In addition, he points out that Americans drive to huge supermarkets to buy canned and frozen foods for the week. The French, instead tend to shop daily, walking to small shops and farmers’ markets where they have a choice of fresh fruits, vegetables, and eggs as well as high-quality meats for each meal. After a visit to the United States, Mireille Guiliano, author of French Women Don’t Get Fat, decided to write about the importance of knowing when to stop rather than suggesting how to avoid food. Today she continues to stay slim and rarely goes to the gym. In spite of all these differences, evidence shows that recent life style changes may be affecting French eating habits. Today the rate of obesity(肥胖)among adults is only 6%. However, as American fast food gains acceptance and the young reject older traditions, the obesity rate among French children has reached 17%-and is growing. 1．Americans struggle with watching their weight mainly because ______. A．they prefer to consume rich food. B．they only buy food in huge supermarkets. C．they desire to be as slim as TV stars. D．they fail to stop eating even if they are full. 2．What can we learn from Dr. Joseph Mercola in paragraph 2? A．Frenchmen place too much importance on eating. B．Frenchmen have a smaller appetite for food. C．Americans like to buy food in big supermarkets. D．Americans have no interest for fruits and vegetables. 3．How does the author present his ideas in the text? A．By giving examples. B．By providing explanations. C．By making comparison. D．By listing figures. 4．What does the text focus on? A．Americans and Frenchmen. B．Lifestyle and obesity. C．Diet and personalities. D．Fast food and overweight. 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．C 4．B 【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章通过比较美国人和法国人的饮食习惯来表达了生活方式影响体重的观点。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Mercola believes Americans lose the ability to sense when they are actually full. So they keep eating long after the French would have stopped. (Mercola认为，美国人在吃饱的时候失去了感知能力。所以在法国人停止进食很久之后，他们还在继续进食。)”可知，美国人很难控制他们的体重，主要是因为他们吃饱了也停不下来。故选D项。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段中“In addition, he points out that Americans drive to huge supermarkets to buy canned and frozen foods for the week. (此外，他指出，美国人开车去大型超市购买一周所需的罐装和冷冻食品。)”可知，美国人喜欢在大超市购买食物。故选C项。 3．推理判断题。根据第一段中“Researchers concluded that the French tend to stop eating when they feel full. However, Americans tend to stop when their plates are empty or their favorite TV show is over. (研究人员得出结论，法国人在感到饱的时候往往会停止进食。然而，美国人往往会在他们的盘子空了或他们最喜欢的电视节目结束时停下来。)”以及文章其他内容可知，作者在文中是通过比较美国人和法国人的饮食习惯来表达他的观点的。故选C项。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其根据第一段中“Now a research by Cornell University suggests how life style and decisions about eating may affect weight. (康奈尔大学的一项研究表明，生活方式和饮食习惯可能会影响体重。)”可知，文章的重点讲述了生活方式对肥胖的影响。故选B项。 新闻报道 Passage 1 （浙江省杭州市西湖区学军西溪,学军紫金港,学军海创园2024-2025学年高二上学期期末考英语试卷）Nobel committees recognized the transformative power of artificial intelligence (AI) in two of the prizes for 2024 — honoring pioneers of neural (神经系统的) networks in the physics prize, and the developers of computational tools to study and design proteins in the chemistry prize. But not all researchers are happy. Several physicists argued that the science underlying machine learning was not actually physics. “I like machine learning and artificial neural networks as much as the next person, but it’s hard to see that this is a physics discovery.” Jonathan Pritchard, an astrophysicist at Imperial College London. Not everyone was troubled, however. “Hopfield and Hinton’s research brought together physics, math, computer science and neuroscience,” said Matt Strassler, a theoretical physicist at Harvard University, “In that sense, it belongs to all of these fields.” Anil Ananthaswamy, a science writer based in Berkeley, pointed out that although the research cited by the Nobel committee might not be theoretical physics in the purest sense, it is rooted in techniques and concepts from physics, such as energy. But Anil also added, the connection with physics became more delicate in upcoming developments in machine learning, particularly in techniques that made neural networks easier to train. Computer science seemed to be completing its Nobel takeover the day after the physics prize announcement, when Demis Hassabis and John Jumper won half of the chemistry Nobel. The prize was a recognition of the innovative force of AI, but also of the steady gathering of knowledge in structural and computational biology. “It wasn’t just that we went to work, pressed the AI button, and then all went home,” Jumper said. “It was really an iterative (迭代的) process where we developed, we did research, we tried to find the right kind of combinations between what the community understood about proteins and how we build those insights into our architecture.” Since they were first awarded in 1901, the Nobels have often highlighted the impact of research on society, and have rewarded practical inventions, not only pure science. In this respect, this year’s prizes are not outliers. 1．How did Jonathan Pritchard react to this year’s Nobel Prize in Physics? A．He praised the organizers. B．He doubted the discovery. C．He congratulated the winners. D．He questioned the classification. 2．What can we learn from paragraph 3? A．Hopfield and Hinton’s research is a combination of multiple fields. B．The Nobel committee only considers pure theoretical physics for awards. C．The connection between physics and machine learning is irrelevant. D．The future developments in machine learning will completely eliminate physics. 3．What did Jumper owe their achievement to? A．The AI-powered iterative research. B．The innovative research in architecture. C．The community-driven research process. D．The use of AI research for quick answers. 4．Which of the following questions does the text mainly address? A．Who won this year’s Nobels using AI? B．How do this year’s Nobels reflect AI’s role? C．Why are scientists against this year’s Nobels? D．What’s the outcome of this year’s Nobels debate? 【答案】1．D 2．A 3．A 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述了2024年诺贝尔奖将奖项授予人工智能领域引发的学术争议，物理学界对机器学习是否属于物理学的质疑，化学奖对AI工具实用价值的肯定，以及诺贝尔奖评选标准中实用性与理论性平衡的探讨。 1．推理判断题。根据文章第二段“Several physicists argued that the science underlying machine learning was not actually physics. “I like machine learning and artificial neural networks as much as the next person, but it’s hard to see that this is a physics discovery.” Jonathan Pritchard, an astrophysicist at Imperial College London(一些物理学家认为，机器学习背后的科学实际上并非物理学。伦敦帝国理工学院的天体物理学家Jonathan Pritchard表示：“我和其他人一样喜欢机器学习和人工神经网络，但很难将其视为一项物理学发现。”).”可知，Jonathan Pritchard作为几位物理学家之一，认为机器学习背后的科学实际上不是物理学，他觉得很难将其视为一项物理学发现。也就是说，他就该成果在物理学奖这一分类上提出了质疑。故选D。 2．推理判断题。根据文章第三段““Hopfield and Hinton’s research brought together physics, math, computer science and neuroscience,” said Matt Strassler, a theoretical physicist at Harvard University, “In that sense, it belongs to all of these fields.”(哈佛大学的理论物理学家Matt Strassler说：“Hopfield和Hinton的研究融合了物理学、数学、计算机科学和神经科学。从这个意义上说，它属于所有这些领域。”)”可知，佛大学的理论物理学家Matt Strassler认为Hopfield和Hinton的研究融合了物理学、数学、计算机科学和神经科学。也就是说，他们的研究融合了多个领域的知识。故选A。 3．细节理解题。根据文章第四段““It wasn’t just that we went to work, pressed the AI button, and then all went home,” Jumper said. “It was really an iterative (迭代的)process where we developed, we did research, we tried to find the right kind of combinations between what the community understood about proteins and how we build those insights into our architecture.”(Jumper说：“并不是说我们去工作，按下人工智能按钮，然后就都回家了。这确实是一个迭代的过程，在这个过程中我们不断发展，进行研究，努力在科学界对蛋白质的理解以及我们如何将这些见解融入我们的架构之间找到合适的组合方式。”)”可知，Jumper表示他们的成果并非只是简单地使用人工智能，而是一个迭代的过程，在这个过程中他们不断发展、研究，试图找到关于蛋白质的已有认知和如何将这些见解融入架构之间的正确组合方式。这强调了人工智能驱动的迭代研究过程对他们取得成就的重要性。故选A。 4．主旨大意题。根据文章内容可知，文章开篇指出 2024 年诺贝尔奖在物理学奖和化学奖方面肯定了人工智能的变革性力量，接着讲述了不同人对将与人工智能相关的成果授予诺贝尔奖的不同看法，包括一些物理学家的质疑以及其他人对这些成果的解释，还提到了化学奖得主关于他们利用人工智能取得成果的过程的阐述，最后强调诺贝尔奖常常重视研究对社会的影响，今年的奖项也不例外。整体围绕今年诺贝尔奖如何体现人工智能的作用展开讨论。选项B“How do this year’s Nobels reflect AI’s role?(今年的诺贝尔奖如何体现人工智能的作用？)”准确地概括了文章的主要内容，文章从多个方面阐述了今年诺贝尔奖在对人工智能相关成果的认可等方面如何体现其作用。故选B。 Passage 2 （浙江省杭州市新东方2023-2024学年高二上期末考英语试题03）Several security guards of residential compounds in Beijing and workers were seen shoveling snow and some parked vehicles were covered by thick overnight snow. The first snowfall of winter arrived in Beijing early Monday, covering the Chinese capital with a mantle (披风) of white overnight and plunging (使……下降) the city into freezing temperatures, with even colder weather coming this week in northern China. Snowfall reached 5.8 mm on average by early Monday, with the highest snowfall of 10.2 mm recorded in Fangshan district, Beijing Meteorological (气象的) Service data showed. Beijing typically sees its first snow of the season between late November and February, or even none at all. More snowfall is expected this week, with temperatures seen further sliding to as low as -20°Celsius. The Chinese capital last saw such similarly extremely cold weather on Jan. 7, 2021, when the temperature dropped to -19.6℃. The cold snap (寒潮) in Beijing this week, compared with the autumn-like conditions a week ago, mirrored the sharp swings in temperatures recently. In October, Beijing experienced one of its warmest Octobers in decades in a year of weather extremes. On Monday, the government warned of road icing in large parts of the city of nearly 22 million, with authorities shutting some expressways or partially closing sections. By 10 a. m. local time, 62 out of a few hundred flights had been cancelled at the Beijing Capital Airport. Railway authorities enforced speed limits on lines connecting Beijing and Guangzhou in southern China, causing delays in some passenger trains. By 7 a. m. Monday, more than 180 bus routes in Beijing had been suspended. The official Beijing Daily reported that vegetable stocks were enough, hitting this year’s highest daily market volume of 23,800 tons, as merchants stocked up (备货) ahead of time. Huang, a Beijing resident working in the internet sector, said the snow in Beijing came early. “Normally, it doesn’t snow until the Spring Festival,” Huang said, referring to the start of the Lunar New Year, which typically falls in January or February. 1．Which of the following is not used to show the seriousness of the snowfall in paragraph? A．By listing out numbers. B．By illustrating a viewpoint. C．By citing data from the authority. D．By making comparisons. 2．What contrast in weather conditions did Beijing experience as mentioned in the article? A．From hot summers to mild winters. B．From dry conditions to heavy rainfall. C．From autumn-like conditions to a sudden coldness. D．From constant snow to unexpectedly warm temperatures. 3．Which of the following word is close to the meaning of “enforced” in paragraph 4? A．introduced B．obeyed C．happened D．improved 4．What positive measure did merchants in Beijing take in anticipation of the snowfall? A．Organized community support groups. B．Increased storage of essential supplies. C．Created emergency shelters for the homeless. D．Offered discounts and sales to boost business. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．A 4．B 【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。文章主要说明了周一凌晨，中国首都北京迎来了冬季第一场降雪，一夜之间，北京被大雪覆盖，气温降至冰点。本周，中国北方的天气将更加寒冷。文章解释了此次降温的特别之处、影响以及人们的应对方法。 1．推理判断题。根据第二段“Snowfall reached 5.8 mm on average by early Monday, with the highest snowfall of 10.2 mm recorded in Fangshan district, Beijing Meteorological (气象的) Service data showed. Beijing typically sees its first snow of the season between late November and February, or even none at all. More snowfall is expected this week, with temperatures seen further sliding to as low as -20°Celsius. The Chinese capital last saw such similarly extremely cold weather on Jan. 7, 2021, when the temperature dropped to -19.6℃.(据北京气象局数据显示，周一凌晨，平均降雪量达到5.8毫米，房山区降雪量最大，达到10.2毫米。北京通常在11月下旬至次年2月之间迎来冬季的第一场雪，甚至根本不下雪。预计本周将有更多降雪，气温将进一步下降至零下20摄氏度。中国首都北京上一次出现如此极端寒冷的天气是在2021年1月7日，当时气温降至零下19.6摄氏度)”可知，文章运用了列数字、引用权威的数据和比较，“说明观点”没有被用来表示降雪的严重性。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段“The cold snap (寒潮) in Beijing this week, compared with the autumn-like conditions a week ago, mirrored the sharp swings in temperatures recently. In October, Beijing experienced one of its warmest Octobers in decades in a year of weather extremes.(本周北京的寒流，与一周前类似秋天的天气相比，反映了最近气温的急剧波动。今年10月，北京经历了几十年来最温暖的10月之一)”可知，北京的天气条件不同之处在于从秋天般的天气到突然的寒冷。故选C。 3．词句猜测题。根据划线词后文“speed limits on lines connecting Beijing and Guangzhou in southern China, causing delays in some passenger trains”可知，客运列车延误是因为铁路部门对连接北京和广州的铁路实施了限速，故划线词意思是“实施”。故选A。 4．细节理解题。根据最后一段“The official Beijing Daily reported that vegetable stocks were enough, hitting this year’s highest daily market volume of 23,800 tons, as merchants stocked up (备货) ahead of time.(官方的《北京日报》报道称，由于商家提前囤货，蔬菜库存充足，达到今年最高的每日市场成交量23800吨)”可知，面对降雪，北京的商家增加了必需品的储存。故选B。 Passage 3 （浙江省杭州二中2023-2024学年上学期高二年级期末考英语试题）Two very different movies were released on July 21 this summer in the West, bringing record numbers of people into cinemas as the “Barbenheimer (芭比海默)” trend took over social media. Barbie and Oppenheimer have been huge hits around the world, with Barbie alone making over 1 billion US dollars just 17 days after release. This makes it Wamer Bros studio’s fastest movie to reach $1 billion and the film’s director, Greta Gerwig, the first-ever solo female filmmaker with a billion-dollar film. Barbie and Oppenheimer are an interesting pair because of how different they are from one another. Barbie is about a famous toy coming to life and facing issues of sexism and finding her own identity. Meanwhile, Oppenheimer is a serious male-driven historical film about J. Robert Oppenheimer’s Manhattan Project and the development of the atomic bomb. The release of these two huge, wildly different movies on the same day led to the creation of countless memes (表情包) under the Barbenheimer hashtag. Filmgoers have even gone to see both movies one right after the other, with some dressing up in pink for Barbie going on to see Oppenheimer as well. Meanwhile, people have found some of the “Barbenheimer” memes disturbing. Atomic bombs killed many people and they think the memes made light of a very dark time in history. But the films have brought a healthy boost to cinema ticket sales around the world, helping an industry that has faced many challenges in recent years. The increasing popularity of streaming services and the COVID-19 pandemic have kept people out of cinemas. Now, the strikes from writers and actors over concerns of pay and about the use of artificial intelligence by film studios are also having an impact. Add to that a public tired of yearly big movies about superheroes and fast cars, as declining ticket sales suggest. Described as a historic moment for the movie industry. “‘Barbenheimer’ will go down as one of the biggest and unexpected milestones in the history of cinema,” Paul Dergarabedian at Comscore told CNN. 1．What made Barbie a significant achievement for Wamer Bros? A．Representing male-driven films. B．Reaching $1 billion in record time. C．Addressing issues about identity. D．Greta Gerwig becoming the director. 2．Why are Barbie and Oppenheimer described as an “interesting pair”? A．They both feature female characters. B．They were released on the same day. C．They have opposite disturbing memes. D．They explore completely different themes. 3．What is the impact of the releases of Barbic and Oppenheimer? A．They have caused a decrease in streaming service. B．They have stimulated cinema ticket sales globally. C．They have motivated people to avoid the cinemas. D．They have sparked controversy regarding sexism. 4．Which challenge has the film industry faced in recent times? A．Increasing costs of film production. B．Conflicts with social media platforms. C．Filmgoers’ preference for superhero movies. D．Disapproval from writers and actors over Al use. 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．B 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章讲述了2022年7月21日在西方上映的两部截然不同的电影——《芭比》和《奥本海默》——如何在全球范围内吸引了大量观众进入电影院，创造了票房记录。这一现象被称为“芭比海默”趋势，并在社交媒体上引发了热潮。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段“This makes it Wamer Bros studio’s fastest movie to reach $1 billion and the film’s director, Greta Gerwig, the first-ever solo female filmmaker with a billion-dollar film.(这使得它成为华纳兄弟工作室最快达到10亿美元票房的电影，该片的导演格蕾塔·葛韦格成为首位拥有十亿美元票房电影的女性独立电影人)”可知，让芭比成为瓦默兄弟公司的重大成就的是在创纪录的时间内达到10亿美元票房。故选B项。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段“Barbie and Oppenheimer are an interesting pair because of how different they are from one another.(芭比和奥本海默是一对有趣的搭档，因为两者之间风格迥异)”可知，芭比和奥本海默被描述为“有趣的一对”的原因是他们探索完全不同的主题。故选D项。 3．推理判断题。根据第三段“The release of these two huge, wildly different movies on the same day led to the creation of countless memes (表情包) under the Barbenheimer hashtag. Filmgoers have even gone to see both movies one right after the other, with some dressing up in pink for Barbie going on to see Oppenheimer as well(这两部风格迥异、规模庞大的电影在同一天上映，让“芭比海默”这一话题下涌现出无数表情包。影迷们甚至接连观看这两部电影，一些人穿着粉色衣服去看《芭比》，接着又去看《奥本海默》)”以及第四段“But the films have brought a healthy boost to cinema ticket sales around the world, helping an industry that has faced many challenges in recent years(但这两部电影为全球电影票房带来了健康的提振，帮助了这个近年来面临诸多挑战的行业)”可推知，这两部电影的发布刺激了全球电影票的销售。故选B项。 4．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Now, the strikes from writers and actors over concerns of pay and about the use of artificial intelligence by film studios are also having an impact.(现在，编剧和演员因薪资问题和电影制片厂使用人工智能的担忧而进行的罢工也产生了影响)”可知，编剧和演员反对使用人工智能是近年来电影业面临的挑战之一。故选D项。 Passage 4 （浙江省绍兴市诸暨市2023-2024学年高二上学期期末检测英语试题）Eight scientists were awarded the 2023 Future Science Prize, also called “China’s Nobel Prize”, the first Chinese non-governmental science award jointly initiated by groups of scientists and entrepreneurs (企业家). Since the establishment in 2016, a total of 35 scientists have been awarded the Future Science Prize so far. Chai Jijie and Zhou Jianmin received the Future Science Prize in life sciences for the discovery of resistosomes (抗原小体) and explanations of their molecular structures and functions in plant immune responses against pathogens (病原体). Understanding of resistosome functions will lead to better methods for controlling plant disease and therefore have enormous importance for global food security. Chai said that he felt extremely honored, excited and happy via a video call at the press conference. He emphasized that this recognition was not only for himself but also for the team’s years of hard work. “My cooperation with Professor Zhou has lasted for nearly 20 years. Our partnership has been productive and enjoyable, and I believe our cooperation will carry on,” he said. During the video call, Zhou remarked that the Future Science Prize is grounded in the national context. It is heartening to see that the prize places greater emphasis on supporting agriculture. Zhao Zhongxian and Chen Xianhui received the Future Science Prize in physical sciences for their influential breakthroughs in the discovery of high-temperature superconducting materials and systematic advancements in elevating the transition temperature. Notably, both Zhao and Chen conducted systematic studies to show the underlying physical mechanisms of high Tc materials, positioning themselves at the forefront of superconductor research for several years. He Kaiming, Sun Jian, Ren Shaoqing, Zhang Xiangyu received the Future Science Prize in mathematics and computer science, for their extraordinary contributions to artificial intelligence by introducing deep residual learning (深度残差学习). The 2023 Future Science Prize Week and the Award Ceremony were held in Hong Kong from October 14 to 17. 1．For what were the eight scientists awarded? A．Their never-ending pursuit of knowledge. B．Their long-term partnership in researches. C．Their remarkable contributions to science. D．Their intense efforts to overcome barriers. 2．What contributes to their discovery according to Chai? A．Vision. B．Passion. C．Ambition. D．Cooperation. 3．What does the underlined sentence in paragraph 5 indicate? A．Their discovery is ground-breaking. B．Zhao and Chen have a long way to go. C．Research is certain to be rewarded. D．The real value cannot be overestimated. 4．What is the writing purpose of the passage? A．To appeal to many more people to innovate. B．To reveal the recipe for their great success. C．To encourage us to be committed to science. D．To introduce the 2023 Future Science Prize. 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．A 4．D 【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。本文主要介绍了被称为“中国诺贝尔奖”的未来科学奖，并介绍了荣获2023年的八名科学家的成就。 1．推理判断题。根据第二段“Chai Jijie and Zhou Jianmin received the Future Science Prize in life sciences for the discovery of resistosomes(抗原小体)and explanations of their molecular structures and functions in plant immune responses against pathogens(病原体). Understanding of resistosome functions will lead to better methods for controlling plant disease and therefore have enormous importance for global food security.（柴继杰和周俭民因发现抗性小体并解释其在植物针对病原体的免疫反应中的分子结构和功能而获得生命科学未来科学奖。了解抗性体的功能将有助于找到更好的方法来控制植物病害，因此对全球粮食安全具有极其重要的意义。）”第五段“Zhao Zhongxian and Chen Xianhui received the Future Science Prize in physical sciences for their influential breakthroughs in the discovery of high-temperature superconducting materials and systematic advancements in elevating the transition temperature. （赵忠贤和陈仙辉因在发现高温超导材料方面取得的具有影响力的突破以及在提高转变温度方面的系统性进展而获得物理科学领域的未来科学奖。）”以及倒数第二段“He Kaiming, Sun Jian, Ren Shaoqing, Zhang Xiangyu received the Future Science Prize in mathematics and computer science, for their extraordinary contributions to artificial intelligence by introducing deep residual learning(深度残差学习).（何恺明、孙剑、任少卿、张祥雨因引入深度残差学习对人工智能的杰出贡献而荣获数学和计算机科学未来科学奖）”可知，八位科学家因为他们对科学的卓越贡献获奖。故选C项。 2．推理判断题。根据第三段“ He emphasized that this recognition was not only for himself but also for the team’s years of hard work. ‘My cooperation with Professor Zhou has lasted for nearly 20 years. Our partnership has been productive and enjoyable, and I believe our cooperation will carry on,’ he said.（他强调，这种认可不仅是对自己的认可，也是对团队多年努力的认可。‘我和周教授的合作已经持续了近20年。我们的合作伙伴关系富有成效且令人愉快，我相信我们的合作将会继续下去。’）”可知，根据 Chai 的说法，合作促成了他们的发现。故选D项。 3．词义猜测题。根据第五段“Zhao Zhongxian and Chen Xianhui received the Future Science Prize in physical sciences for their influential breakthroughs in the discovery of high-temperature superconducting materials and systematic advancements in elevating the transition temperature. Notably, both Zhao and Chen conducted systematic studies to show the underlying physical mechanisms of high Tc materials, positioning themselves at the forefront of superconductor research for several years. （赵忠贤和陈仙辉因在发现高温超导材料方面取得的具有影响力的突破以及在提高转变温度方面的系统性进展而获得物理科学领域的未来科学奖。值得注意的是，赵和陈都进行了系统研究，揭示了高温材料的潜在物理机制，多年来一直处于超导研究的前沿。）”可知，他们的研究，揭示了高温材料的潜在物理机制，是开创性的。故选A项。 4．推理判断题。根据第一段“Eight scientists were awarded the 2023 Future Science Prize, also called “China’s Nobel Prize”, the first Chinese non-governmental science award jointly initiated by groups of scientists and entrepreneurs(企业家). （8名科学家荣获被誉为“中国诺贝尔奖”的2023年未来科学奖，这是中国首个由科学家和企业家团体共同发起的民间科学奖项）”以及最后一段“The 2023 Future Science Prize Week and the Award Ceremony were held in Hong Kong from October 14 to 17.（2023年未来科学颁奖周暨颁奖典礼于10月14日至17日在香港举行。）”可知，本文为了介绍2023年被称为“中国诺贝尔奖”的未来科学奖。故选D项。 Passage 5 （浙江省宁波市余姚市2023-2024学年高二上学期期末考试英语试题）China’s leading liquor (烈性酒) producer, Kweichou Moutai (贵州茅台), and domestic coffee chain, Luckin Coffee, have launched a sauce-flavored latte (酱香拿铁) recently, as the Chinese luxury liquor maker aims to pull in more younger consumers. The 38-yuan sauce-flavored latte, which Luckin discounted to 19 yuan on the first day of sales, was one of the most popular topics on Chinese social media platform Weibo. Moutai is a colorless spirit that is usually served at banquets (宴会) in China, and drinkers say that the flavor of Moutai latte is similar to soy sauce. The companies said the latte alcohol content was lower than 0.5 percent of its volume. Kweichow Moutai has been looking for ways to be more accessible and appeal to a new generation of users. The company, based in China’s southwestern Guizhou province, also launched a baijiu-infused ice cream last year. With baijiu in it, the new ice cream became a hit. Chinese social media users posted videos of themselves picking up cups of the drink and being told by sales staff that they should not drive after drinking it. By Monday afternoon in Beijing, the app showed buyers would need to wait for more than an hour to pick up their drinks. Independent food industry analyst Zhu Danpeng said the cooperation would most likely benefit both brands. “Moutai and Luckin are the leading firms in the domestic liquor and coffee sectors, respectively,” Zhu said, “On the one hand, Moutai accelerates its brand rejuvenation (复兴) through cooperation with Luckin. On the other hand, for Luckin, its cooperation with Moutai also helps to improve its comprehensive strength and brand tone in the coffee industry.” 1．What is the alcohol content in the sauce-flavored latte? A．Less than 1 percent. B．Less than 0.5 percent. C．Exactly 1 percent. D．Exactly 0.5 percent. 2．What is the primary goal behind Kweichou Moutai’s cooperation with Luckin Coffee? A．To attract more younger buyers. B．To create an affordable luxury drink for the masses. C．To improve their quality and reputation. D．To introduce the culture of drinking coffee in China. 3．What does the underlined word “infused” in paragraph 3 mean? A．Finished. B．Filled. C．Exchanged. D．Behaved. 4．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．An Accessible Spirit B．A Long Journey to Rejuvenation C．An Unexpected Cooperation D．Two Creative Brands 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．B 4．C 【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。文章主要介绍了 国内咖啡连锁店Luckin coffee联合贵州茅台推出了一款酱香拿铁，受到了更多年轻消费者的追捧。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段的“The companies said the latte alcohol content was lower than 0.5 percent of its volume.(这些公司表示，拿铁的酒精含量低于其体积的0.5%)”可知，酱香拿铁的酒精含量低于其体积的0.5%。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据第一段的“China’s leading liquor (烈性酒) producer, Kweichou Moutai (贵州茅台), and domestic coffee chain, Luckin Coffee, have launched a sauce-flavored latte (酱香拿铁) recently, as the Chinese luxury liquor maker aims to pull in more younger consumers. (中国领先的白酒生产商贵州茅台和国内咖啡连锁店Luckin coffee最近推出了一款酱香口味的拿铁，这家中国豪华白酒制造商旨在吸引更多年轻消费者)”可知，贵州茅台与Luckin Coffee合作的首要目标是吸引更多的年轻消费者。故选A。 3．词句猜测题。根据第三段的“With baijiu in it, the new ice cream became a hit.(加入了白酒，这种新型冰淇淋大受欢迎)”可知，为了吸引更多的年轻消费者，贵州茅台去年推出了一款注入白酒的冰淇淋，受到了大家的欢迎。所以换线单词意为“注入，使充满”。故选B。 4．主旨大意题。根据第一段的“China’s leading liquor (烈性酒) producer, Kweichou Moutai (贵州茅台), and domestic coffee chain, Luckin Coffee, have launched a sauce-flavored latte (酱香拿铁) recently, as the Chinese luxury liquor maker aims to pull in more younger consumers.(中国领先的白酒生产商贵州茅台和国内咖啡连锁店Luckin coffee最近推出了一款酱香口味的拿铁，这家中国豪华白酒制造商旨在吸引更多年轻消费)”以及全文可知，本篇文章主要介绍了 国内咖啡连锁店Luckin coffee联合贵州茅台推出了一款酱香拿铁，受到了更多年轻消费者的追捧。所以“意外的合作的合作”适合作本文的标题。故选C。 / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $