专题06 完形填空（期末真题汇编）高一英语上学期人教版

专题06 完形填空 主题01 人与自然——环境保护与生态平衡 Passage 1 （23-24高一上·福建厦门·期末） I wanted to travel to the Caribbean but couldn’t afford it. By chance, a friend 1 “pet sitting”, a service to help look after pets when owners are away from homes. I quickly began 2 opportunities on a pet sitting website. There were only a couple of sits available, but I tried my luck, sent an 3 , waited a few days and 4 landed a three-month job in a beautiful house. A month into my sit. I had explored the 5 pretty well. Impressed by such a beautiful island, I decided to start a travel blog to share the beautiful beaches. 6 , for every photo of a beautiful beach there were 10 photos of rubbish. It was 7 for me to ignore (忽视) the plastic pollution 8 . So I began to share photos of the rubbish I 9 and how much I could 10 on my daily dog walks. The blog was used to raise 11 and highlight plastic-free travel. I changed my way of living and even my 12 to accommodate more organic foods without plastic packaging. It’s been over three years now and I 13 to do what I can. This journey has led me to some amazing but 14 places, and I have even organized some country-wide beach clean-up activities. My 15 now is to keep on going. 1．A．mentioned B．offered C．doubted D．requested 2．A．turning down B．giving up C．jumping at D．searching for 3．A．application B．apology C．order D．invitation 4．A．fortunately B．generally C．obviously D．casually 5．A．website B．destination C．custom D．market 6．A．Therefore B．However C．Otherwise D．Instead 7．A．dangerous B．possible C．hard D．normal 8．A．control B．type C．process D．issue 9．A．saw B．threw C．produced D．buried 10．A．pay for B．take out C．pick up D．cut down 11．A．questions B．standards C．money D．awareness 12．A．necessities B．diets C．impression D．workout 13．A．forget B．compete C．agree D．continue 14．A．poor B．polluted C．noisy D．crowded 15．A．limit B．advice C．goal D．answer Passage 2 （24-25高一上·山东青岛·期末）Many poor children in Africa struggle on tuition for an education. However, a new school has been asking their pupils to pay for classes with 16 . Every week, students 17 the Akshar School are required to line up and “pay” for their classes using grocery bags 18 at least 25 pieces of plastic waste they 19 from around their homes and communities. Parmita and Mazin, the couple 20 for the new school, were 21 to launch the campaign after witnessing their students being forced to 22 the acrid smell of burning plastic. That’s 23 before the school was opened in 2016, local families and communities 24 burned plastic waste as a means of keeping warm and fueling fires. Now, the plastic is being collected and recycled at the school’s own recycling center. The school 25 the trash into Ecobricks by compressing (压缩) about 40 pieces of garbage into a(n) 26 plastic bottle. Furthermore, the school’s older students can work part-time at the center as an additional source of 27 . Now the school owns over 100 students 28 the ages of 4 and 15. Since the school’s 29 curriculum has attracted more and more 30 to enroll, the couple plan on opening another 100 schools over the next five years. 16．A．working hours B．farm products C．plastic waste D．burned trash 17．A．leaving B．attending C．finishing D．damaging 18．A．taking in B．spreading out C．attached to D．filled with 19．A．collected B．borrowed C．explored D．counted 20．A．anxious B．grateful C．responsible D．qualified 21．A．changed B．inspired C．prohibited D．recommended 22．A．stand B．enjoy C．observe D．control 23．A．as if B．although C．because D．in case 24．A．consequently B．obviously C．eventually D．commonly 25．A．buries B．removes C．throws D．recycles 26．A．single B．straight C．large D．twisted 27．A．income B．credits C．scores D．trash 28．A．of B．at C．between D．from 29．A．efficient B．creative C．skillful D．respected 30．A．teachers B．beggars C．partners D．students Passage 3 （23-24高一上·上海·期末） Brazil’s election offers hope for the rainforest A presidential election in 2022 will offer a chance for Brazil’s government to reverse policies that have 31 to global climate change. The country is home to 60% of the Amazon rainforest, which has historically been an important carbon 32 . But a worrying study published in 2021 in Nature found that over the past decade it has 33 become a carbon source. The culprits: forest fires and deforestation, which has soared by more than 40% since President Jair Bolsonaro 34 in 2019. On his watch, environmental enforcement and fines dropped to record lows. Activists say this has encouraged 35 logging, mining, and land-grabbing. In June the environment minister, Ricardo Salles, resigned after federal police began investigating him for alleged 36 in timber trafficking. A greener president would try to crack down on such crimes. Polls 37 that Mr Bolsonaro is likely to lose the election. His successor could convince Germany and Norway to unfreeze the Amazon Fund, a pot of money for enforcement and 38 development that was withdrawn in 2019 amid concerns about Mr Bolsonaro’s policies. A new president could also revive talks with President Joe Biden, who has offered to 39 a $20bn fund for the rainforest once Brazil starts showing results. But even an enlightened president will have to battle a 40 Congress, which is considering a number of laws that threaten the rainforest and its inhabitants. These include a land-regularization bill nicknamed the “land-grabbing law” and a bill that would 41 wildcat mining on indigenous territories. In August thousands of indigenous people camped out in the capital as the supreme court debated a case that would restrict their territories to land that was 42 when a new constitution was passed in 1988. The court postponed its 43 , but Congress is considering a law that would have the 44 effect. Better leadership in Brazil could jump-start regional efforts to boost enforcement and find sustainable 45 to deforestation for the rainforest’s inhabitants. But if Mr Bolsonaro wins again, his determination to fill the forest with roads, dams and mines could cause destruction far beyond the borders of Brazil. 31．A．referred B．contributed C．amounted D．related 32．A．footprint B．sink C．source D．emission 33．A．indeed B．instead C．accidentally D．otherwise 34．A．stepped down B．took office C．claimed precedence D．kept watch 35．A．seasonal B．selective C．illegal D．professional 36．A．involvement B．attachment C．limitation D．existence 37．A．advise B．advocate C．suggest D．represent 38．A．sustainable B．economic C．rapid D．rural 39．A．claim B．manage C．create D．borrow 40．A．farmer-friendly B．warm-blooded C．pressure-free D．profit-making 41．A．realize B．normalize C．publicize D．legalize 42．A．sold B．explored C．cleared D．occupied 43．A．election B．argument C．appeal D．decision 44．A．main B．varied C．final D．same 45．A．replacements B．transitions C．alternatives D．references 主题02 人与社会——人际交往与社会交流 Passage 1 （24-25高一上·四川绵阳·期末）Every June, we have an annual tradition in our family. Our children are given bowls to collect pieces of nature that 1 them of the summer. They put those bowls on the front doorstep and we will go for a 2 together. When we return, they will find that the bowls’ 3 are changed into ice cream. I tell them that the fairies (仙子) must have come. Six-year-old Anna was looking forward to the fairies 4 all last June. Meanwhile, Joshua, nine, no longer 5 in fairies and such silly things. He said he would understand if, during our walk, Mum or Dad should forget something and return home. Joshua thought he had everything worked 6 . That evening, the children collected leaves, peddles and dead insects. We put their bowls on the front doorstep and 7 . During our walk, Joshua 8 me secretly, “Don't you need to go back?” “No,” I replied. He was getting a bit 9 . When we returned, Joshua was 10 to find the bowls filled with ice cream. “The fairies must have come,”he stammered (结结巴巴地说).“Maybe... is there really... was this magic?” At mid-night, he came to my bed and 11 . “Mummy, I can't sleep. You must tell me. How did you do it?” When a child is nine years old, you need to answer his question 12 . So I told him the 13 immediately. I had asked a neighbour to help us. Joshua smiled in 14 and thanked me for telling him. Then he 15 in my arms. Just at that moment, I thought there existed magic too. 1．A．warn B．remind C．free D．assure 2．A．walk B．drink C．vacation D．picnic 3．A．contents B．leaves C．snacks D．creatures 4．A．nervously B．calmly C．eagerly D．gratefully 5．A．joined B．believed C．took D．turned 6．A．on B．off C．out D．up 7．A．left B．hid C．escaped D．ran 8．A．told B．stopped C．requested D．asked 9．A．moved B．concerned C．anxious D．confused 10．A．ashamed B．amazed C．awkward D．angry 11．A．complained B．shouted C．whispered D．apologized 12．A．gently B．directly C．politely D．formally 13．A．agreement B．result C．view D．truth 14．A．relief B．pain C．panic D．shock 15．A．turned around B．fell apart C．turned up D．fell asleep Passage 2 （24-25高一上·福建福州·期末） Not being able to see someone you love for a long time is very difficult…but it does make reuniting (重逢) all the more 16 . Owen and Stevie 17 several years ago at their primary school in Chicago. The two became 18 , and seemingly nothing could separate them. 19 , their friendship was 20 three years ago when Owen and his family moved to Missouri —about 400 miles away! Owen and Stevie 21 to keep their friendship. Still, it wasn’t easy not being able to see each other at school every day. As luck would have it, Owen’s dad recently 22 a business trip to Chicago. Naturally, the two families would 23 this amazing chance of a reunion. Instead of telling Stevie the good news directly, they chose to 24 him! Although Stevie had no idea what was going on, one thing was certain: it couldn’t have happened at a better time. Everyone has 25 days, and the day that Owen 26 was one of Stevie’s. It was going so badly that he had his mom pick him up early. Little did he 27 that the best pick-me-up ever was waiting for him in the back seat. As Stevie opened the door, Owen was sitting there! “What are you doing here?” Stevie said before crying. “You just 28 . I’ve had the worst day ever.” “I’m visiting you,” Owen replied and gave Stevie a huge hug (拥抱). He 29 Stevie with pats (轻拍) on his back. Stevie enjoyed the moment and said, “I can’t believe it. I feel like I’m 30 .” 16．A．dangerous B．affordable C．boring D．special 17．A．fought B．met C．left D．worked 18．A．friends B．teachers C．heroes D．parents 19．A．Strangely B．Hopefully C．Unluckily D．Personally 20．A．formed B．ended C．strengthened D．challenged 21．A．regretted B．tried C．refused D．helped 22．A．planned B．avoided C．offered D．canceled 23．A．pass up B．pay for C．compete for D．jump at 24．A．praise B．join C．thank D．surprise 25．A．busy B．important C．bad D．happy 26．A．shouted B．arrived C．woke D．laughed 27．A．remember B．show C．know D．love 28．A．broke my heart B．missed my point C．made my day D．followed my example 29．A．frightened B．comforted C．shamed D．trained 30．A．dreaming B．walking C．drinking D．considering Passage 3 （23-24高一上·上海长宁·期末） From birth, every person needs other human beings. Babies need to be cared for to survive. Their first 31 usually come from parents and brothers or sisters. As children grow up, 32 , they spend more time with others. And they may or may not feel connected to the people they see every day. Some people feel different from or rejected by their neighbors, people they work with or even their families. People who don’t feel like they belong often feel 33 , even when others are around. People find different ways to meet their natural desire to 34 a group. Some rely on their families 35 others find communities based on other interests. These can include religious beliefs, shared goals, life experiences or popular culture. You need others for many 36 . Community members can offer advice or practical help when you go through difficult times. You can also grow as a person from helping others. And belonging helps give a sense of meaning as you become part of something bigger than yourself. So what can you do if you 37 a sense of belonging? The first step will usually be to make a mindful effort to 38 others. You could join groups based on interests you share. Or you could contact an individual with whom you have something in common and decide when to meet up. This may be uncomfortable 39 , but as with most things, it becomes easier with practice. Focusing on others more than on yourself may help. Ask questions that show you 40 others’ lives. This will help them feel valued. If you are shy, it will spare you from having to talk about yourself too much. Finding community requires a(n) 41 to accept others. But it is also important to remain 42 to yourself. If you hide your thoughts and feelings to fit in, you won’t feel like you belong. Finding a place where you belong may not be easy, but it will help you live a happier life. 31．A．feelings B．needs C．connections D．belongings 32．A．indeed B．meanwhile C．furthermore D．however 33．A．interested B．different C．lonely D．involved 34．A．build up B．believe in C．benefit from D．belong to 35．A．while B．although C．as D．when 36．A．reasons B．occasions C．difficulties D．senses 37．A．lose B．lack C．show D．maintain 38．A．catch up with B．reach out to C．count on D．object to 39．A．at first B．in other words C．to some extent D．on average 40．A．concentrate on B．care about C．give way to D．make comments on 41．A．anxiety B．arrangement C．willingness D．hesitation 42．A．polite B．kind C．patient D．true 主题03 人与自我——自我成长与自我认知 Passage 1 （24-25高一上·山东潍坊·期末） Today we live in a society structured to promote early bloomers. Our school system has 1 people by the time they are 18, using grades and SAT scores. Some of these people zoom to prestigious academic launching pads while others get left behind. Many prominent models of success, like Bill Gates or Taylor Swift, achieved fame 2 . Magazines publish lists with headlines like “30 Under 30” to 3 youthful superstars on the rise. “Young people are just smarter,” Zuckerberg once declared, a statement that might rank among the most controversial in history. But for many people, the talents that bloom later in life are more 4 than the ones that bloom early. A 2019 study by researchers in Denmark found that, on average, Nobel Prize winners made their crucial discoveries at the age of 44. Even brilliant people apparently need at least a couple of decades to master their field. Successful late bloomers are all around us. Colonel Harland Sanders started Kentucky Fried Chicken in his 60s. Isak Dinesen published the book that 5 her literary reputation, Out of Africa, at 52. If Samuel Johnson had died at 40, few would remember him, but now he is considered one of the greatest writers in the history of the English language. Why do some people 6 later than others? In his book Late Bloomers, the journalist Rich Karlgaard points out that this is really two questions: First, why didn’t these people bloom earlier? Second, what traits or skills did they 7 that enabled them to bloom late? It turns out that late bloomers are not simply early bloomers on a delayed timetable—they didn’t just do the things early bloomers did but at a later age. Late bloomers tend to be 8 different, displaying a different set of abilities that are mostly 9 to or discouraged by our current education system. They usually have to invent their own paths. Late bloomers “fulfill their potential frequently in novel and unexpected ways,” Karlgaard writes, “surprising even those 10 to them.” These people don’t do as much advance planning as the conceptual 11 , but they regard their entire lives as experiments. They try something and learn, and then they try something else and learn more. Their focus is not on their 12 work, which they often toss away haphazardly. Their focus is on the process of learning itself: Am I closer to understanding, to mastering? They live their lives as a long period of 13 , trying this and trying that, a slow process of 14 and elaboration, so the quality of their work peaks late in life. They are the ugly ducklings of human achievement, who, over the decades, turn themselves into 15 . 1．A．united B．sorted C．engaged D．labeled 2．A．overnight B．by chance C．late in life D．at an early age 3．A．marvel B．glorify C．document D．approve 4．A．consequential B．predictable C．respectful D．conclusive 5．A．deserved B．restored C．saved D．established 6．A．bounce back B．hit their peak C．turn over a new leaf D．come into play 7．A．draw B．master C．possess D．lack 8．A．qualitatively B．tremendously C．initially D．distinctly 9．A．subject B．essential C．equivalent D．invisible 10．A．indifferent B．superior C．close D．familiar 11．A．boomers B．seekers C．models D．geniuses 12．A．finished B．worthwhile C．individual D．intellectual 13．A．ebb and flow B．trial and error C．think and act D．hit and miss 14．A．evolution B．accumulation C．progression D．exploitation 15．A．dragons B．phoenixes C．swans D．peacocks Passage 2 （24-25高一上·江苏连云港·期末）I was in middle school when I first experienced anxiety. My parents took me to see a doctor, but it didn’t 16 . I knew I had to turn to something I enjoyed to 17 it. I worked as a 18 of our student newspaper, and I interviewed many students, teachers and graduates. From them I knew that everyone would face the moments of 19 and anxiety. It was 20 for anyone wishing for a full life to suffer anxiety. Last year I 21 an alumnus (校友) who just published a children’s book. She shared how writing helped her 22 the confusion and fear of failure. Her story inspired me to manage my anxiety by 23 . In the beginning, I didn’t know what to write. But as words began to 24 , I began realizing the feelings I’d been pushing down. If I experienced uneasiness (不安), I’d write about it. If I felt 25 for having anxiety, I’d write about it. Writing 26 me to look at the feelings as a third person. As I started to move the pen across the page, I felt 27 and prouder. The actual 28 of what I wrote was less important than writing itself. I realized it had the 29 to calm me down and cleared my mind. Writing has been a 30 that has saved me from anxiety. 16．A．advance B．matter C．work D．attempt 17．A．rise to B．stick to C．look at D．think about 18．A．photographer B．printer C．publisher D．reporter 19．A．anger B．loss C．fear D．fortune 20．A．strange B．satisfactory C．clear D．normal 21．A．approached B．interviewed C．attended D．attracted 22．A．get over B．benefit from C．contribute to D．show off 23．A．singing B．drawing C．writing D．dancing 24．A．break B．skip C．reflect D．flow 25．A．guilty B．happy C．excited D．eager 26．A．stopped B．allowed C．paid D．forbade 27．A．angrier B．stronger C．sicker D．sadder 28．A．angle B．routine C．factor D．content 29．A．power B．knowledge C．idea D．influence 30．A．target B．custom C．gift D．direction Passage 3 （24-25高一上·河南·期末） I spent my day working as usual. I volunteered for more work so I wouldn’t have time to think about the 31 , which would be posted at 6: 00 pm. At 4: 00 pm, when that proved fruitless, I walked out because I needed some 32 . I walked alongside a farm field nearby, trying to breathe deeply to 33 my anxiety. I made every effort to 34 the beauty of the skies. However, I still 35 all the reasons why it would be a disaster not to 36 the test. In the end, I decided that I had to be on the “Success” list, or I was a 37 . After all, the test came after I had studied 38 for such a long time. Once it was over, I slept for sixteen hours on end. All of a sudden, I realized that I was 39 from being a failure. I had dared to try, and that really 40 . I opened the book after having been a lawyer for about twenty years. I worked hard to 41 a language I was not brought up speaking. So if I succeeded in the test, a new door was going to open, but the person walking through it would be the same 42 woman. When it was 6: 00 pm, I went back to 43 my computer. There it was: “Success.” Yet, 44 , the relief wasn’t in the word itself, but in the understanding that had settled within me during that long walk. The test didn’t 45 me; the courage to try did. 31．A．standards B．results C．replies D．letters 32．A．air B．evidence C．care D．advice 33．A．hide B．feel C．share D．remove 34．A．remember B．appreciate C．maintain D．judge 35．A．thought of B．set down C．gave up D．went after 36．A．fail B．miss C．pass D．take 37．A．lecturer B．lawyer C．beginner D．loser 38．A．tirelessly B．aimlessly C．independently D．impatiently 39．A．different B．far C．separate D．absent 40．A．occurred B．followed C．mattered D．settled 41．A．establish B．preserve C．master D．revise 42．A．determined B．nervous C．responsible D．retired 43．A．cover B．clean C．repair D．check 44．A．similarly B．strangely C．originally D．normally 45．A．beat B．recognize C．define D．disappoint 主题01 人与社会——节日文化与传统继承 Passage 1 （24-25高一上·广西柳州·期末） Dear Tina, I’m writing to tell you my favourite season - spring. As a Chinese saying goes, “The whole year’s work starts with 1 .” For our Chinese, spring means the beginning of a whole year’s farming 2 China is an agricultural (农业的) country. 3 , I like everything about spring, such as the Start of Spring. In the last 4 I told you there are 24 solar terms (节气) in China. The Start of Spring, also called Lichun in Chinese, is the first one. In 2023, it 5 on February 4 and ended on February 19. Lichun marks the 6 of winter and the beginning of spring. The weather becomes warmer, and plants start to grow 7 . Also we can find that the daytime is becoming 8 and the night is shorter. We often take part in some interesting activities to 9 the day of Lichun. Welcoming spring To welcome spring, people 10 a picture of the Spring God and show it in their homes. It is said that the God of Spring has the 11 of a human and the body of a bird. Standing up spring eggs According to the Chinese folk (民俗的) culture, 12 you can make an egg stand up on the first day of “Start of Spring”, then you will have good luck in the new year. It’s so 13 , right? “Eating” spring On the day of Lichun, people eat foods related (和……相关) to spring. This is 14 “Eating spring” gets its name. Spring pancakes, spring rolls, or spring vegetables are the most 15 “spring foods” among people of all ages. In a word, I love spring. 1．A．spring B．summer C．autumn D．winter 2．A．so B．because C．although D．but 3．A．At least B．At first C．For example D．In fact 4．A．book B．plan C．email D．party 5．A．looked B．began C．happened D．felt 6．A．end B．past C．time D．history 7．A．even B．still C．only D．again 8．A．hotter B．longer C．bigger D．smaller 9．A．watch B．protect C．celebrate D．save 10．A．enjoy B．find C．draw D．take 11．A．heart B．feet C．mind D．head 12．A．if B．as C．while D．until 13．A．terrible B．important C．interesting D．strange 14．A．when B．how C．where D．what 15．A．boring B．expensive C．terrible D．popular Passage 2 （24-25高一上·上海·期末） In China, no Spring Festival celebration would be 16 without oranges. The sweet fruit not only adorns decorated homes, but also 17 as a good snack for visitors because it peels easily. The popularity of the fruit during the festive season has a long history. As early as the Qing Dynasty, Chinese parents would 18 fruit like oranges, dates (枣子) or persimmons (柿子) beside their children’s pillows, along with red envelopes under the pillow. The tradition was meant to 19 monsters from folk tales. The children would then eat the fruit upon waking up the next morning. There are many 20 for why oranges have come to be considered such a lucky symbol. A major part of that comes from pronunciation. Some say the Mandarin pronunciation of the fruit “ju” sounds like the word for “ji” (good luck). Others 21 its Cantonese pronunciation “gam,” which is the same as the word “gold.” The Chinese are known for a good amount of “luck talk” during Chinese New Year. The practice is believed to be a sign of good 22 for the rest of the year. Other fruit considered auspicious in Chinese culture include the apple, a homophone for “ 23 ” and the lychee, a homophone for “profit.” 24 , of course, is nearly as popular as the orange during the festival. Besides having an auspicious ring to its name, the reddish golden color and round shape of oranges are also 25 seen as symbols of good luck. They’ve even 26 Chinese art lasting thousands of years. The 27 poem The Orange Tree by the Warring States period poet Qu Yuan sings the praises of a young man, with the fruit and tree as its central metaphor. A letter to a friend by Wang Xizhi, 28 by a gift of oranges, remains the great calligrapher’s most famous passages nearly 2,000 years later. Today, the orange is such a popular fruit that people will shell out for the highest quality ones they can find. Meanwhile, the rest looking to buy regular, 29 oranges usually have to deal with demand-driven price rises during Chinese New Year. The fruit has become practically a(an) 30 for the most important holiday in almost every household in China. 16．A．capable B．complete C．complex D．common 17．A．regards B．creates C．serves D．stands 18．A．supply B．place C．carry D．deliver 19．A．set off B．put off C．ward off D．show off 20．A．explanations B．contributions C．conclusions D．occasions 21．A．attach to B．point to C．contribute to D．object to 22．A．attitude B．fortune C．attempt D．benefit 23．A．bonus B．affair C．advance D．safety 24．A．either B．neither C．something D．everything 25．A．barely B．widely C．causally D．necessarily 26．A．blocked B．inspired C．assembled D．approached 27．A．typical B．ancient C．ordinary D．critical 28．A．adapted B．aroused C．accompanied D．assessed 29．A．autonomous B．affordable C．artificial D．apparent 30．A．alternative B．attempt C．base D．necessity Passage 3 （24-25高一上·河北沧州·期末） Even at 80, Mei continues to patrol (巡逻) the Shixiaguan section of the Great Wall. He lives in Shixia, a village located near the Great Wall. He has a(n) 31 for the wall. In 1979, Mei returned to his hometown and was 32 to see the wall damaged. Some villagers had even taken 33 from the wall to build houses. Determined to 34 the wall, Mei volunteered as a guardian (保护者), patrolling 20 km daily to 35 people doing so. In 1984, a Great Wall protection activity was 36 in Beijing, which inspired the villagers. Many returned the bricks. In 2006, Mei 37 a local volunteer protection union, with most of 38 becoming guardians. Inspired by Mei, his niece Liu, followed in his footsteps and 39 became a Great Wall guardian. “It is my 40 to protect cultural heritage,” she says. China has made a(n) 41 to protect the Great Wall. Between 2015 and 2023, 289 protection projects were 42 , and over 6,800 guardians nationwide are now 43 . Advanced technologies, such as drones (无人驾驶飞机), have also been 44 for protection. Although the Shixiaguan section is not yet open to the public, Mei hopes the 45 can attract more people to join the protection. 31．A．need B．affection C．reason D．gift 32．A．glad B．ready C．shocked D．likely 33．A．supplies B．bricks C．doors D．pipes 34．A．preserve B．identify C．paint D．build 35．A．observe B．keep C．imagine D．prevent 36．A．passed B．forced C．stopped D．buried 37．A．replaced B．protested C．established D．solved 38．A．locals B．experts C．athletes D．parents 39．A．secretly B．fluently C．gradually D．illegally 40．A．tradition B．responsibility C．proposal D．ability 41．A．mistake B．trap C．symbol D．effort 42．A．agreed B．discovered C．explained D．improved 43．A．growing B．working C．competing D．traveling 44．A．looked forward to B．taken control of C．made use of D．put up with 45．A．heritage B．destination C．video D．brochure 主题02 人与自我——自我成长与自我认知 Passage 1 （24-25高一上·江西宜春·期末） Li Ying comes from a small village in Jiangxi Province. She is the best women’s soccer player in her university. When she was little, she was very good at 1 . She loved to compete against boys who were fast and 2 . This made her a better player. When Li Ying was 9 years old, she started playing 3 . Her PE teacher thought she was so 4 that he introduced her to the school soccer team. A year later, she was made the 5 of the team because she played the best. She started to push herself more and 6 as much as possible. Li Ying didn’t 7 any soccer match and went to the sports field every day. Although she was 8 , she worked hard for what she really wanted. Li Ying 9 that practice makes perfect. So she kept doing the same move 10 she got it right. Li Ying was the “Best Player of School” for three years 11 her amazing skills. At the age of 18, Li Ying competed in her last season before graduation. She trained even 12 , and their team won many matches. At last, their team played against Red Star Team. Li Ying’s team was not playing very well at the start, but they didn’t 13 . They worked well as a team and kept fighting till the last minute.Finally, Li Ying led her team to 14 the game. Now Li Ying volunteers to teach young girls soccer in her village every summer holiday. She wants 15 to love sports. She often says, “Everything is possible. Just go for it!” Thanks to Li Ying, more and more young girls fall in love with soccer and sports. 1．A．poems B．sports C．speech D．housework 2．A．pretty B．funny C．lucky D．strong 3．A．soccer B．tennis C．volleyball D．basketball 4．A．good B．busy C．quiet D．outgoing 5．A．cook B．nurse C．leader D．cleaner 6．A．ate B．slept C．walked D．practiced 7．A．like B．miss C．finish D．remember 8．A．shy B．angry C．moved D．tired 9．A．hated B．forgot C．believed D．answered 10．A．if B．but C．until D．since 11．A．because of B．instead of C．in need of D．in control of 12．A．less B．harder C．worse D．higher 13．A．stand up B．wake up C．give up D．stay up 14．A．win B．start C．watch D．report 15．A．her B．you C．him D．them Passage 2 （24-25高一上·江西赣州·期末） One of my clients (客户) recently revealed that his wife was of the opinion that he shouldn’t hire a coach to help him create a more 16 life; he should be able to do it by himself. Has anyone ever said something 17 to you? Or perhaps you have said it to yourself? When I talk to people about making changes in their life, they would 18 say something like “but shouldn’t I do this 19 ? However, the opposite is 20 . The most successful people get as much help as they need to 21 their goal. Take Ellen MacArthur for example, the fastest female and youngest sailor to race around the world solo, non-stop. While she 22 around the world by herself, she also had advisors, trainers, sponsors, and a support team to help her. She once said, “It’s always been about a 23 , so I have to thank my partners, friends, and supporters. 24 them, I would be nowhere.” Many people 25 that “if you have help to achieve something then it 26 that achievement”. It is a common 27 , however, and one that I would 28 you to stay away from. So next time you hear a phrase like “you should do it on your own”, either from someone else or in your head, 29 yourself immediately that it is not helpful and focus on 30 the help you need to get to where you want to go. 16．A．convenient B．normal C．successful D．balanced 17．A．special B．confusing C．similar D．boring 18．A．seldom B．always C．even D．never 19．A．on my way B．right away C．on my own D．as usual 20．A．basic B．true C．strange D．necessary 21．A．support B．consider C．achieve D．establish 22．A．flew B．sailed C．swam D．cycled 23．A．dream B．belief C．team D．community 24．A．Without B．Through C．Beyond D．Despite 25．A．ignore B．believe C．forget D．admit 26．A．earns B．celebrates C．measures D．reduces 27．A．knowledge B．practice C．difference D．misunderstanding 28．A．allow B．advise C．help D．force 29．A．promise B．satisfy C．remind D．prove 30．A．returning B．avoiding C．offering D．seeking Passage 3 （24-25高一上·河北保定·期末） People often say that “failure is the mother of success”. This cliché might have some truth to it but it 31 tells us how to actually turn a loss into a win, says Emmanuel Manalo, a professor of educational psychology at Kyoto University in Japan. As a result, he says, “We know we shouldn’t give up when we fail - but 32 we do.” Manalo and Manu Kapur, a professor of learning sciences at the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich, put together a special issue of the journal Thinking Skills and Creativity last December on 33 failure. The issue’s 15 studies provide teachers and educational researchers with a guide for 34 success. One study reported, for example, that the sooner and more often students fail at a task such as building a robot, the sooner they can 35 and improve. Another confirmed that feedback on failures is most 36 when the giver comes across as caring, and the receiver is prepared to weather negative emotions. Manalo and his co-authors also contributed their own study focused on overcoming one fundamental, everyday form of failure: not 37 a task. They asked 131 undergraduates to write an essay about their school experiences. Half of the students received 38 for structuring their writing, and half were left to their own devices. All, however, were 39 before finishing. Afterward, the researchers found that those in the structured group were more motivated to complete their essays, compared with those who lacked guidance - even if the latter were 40 to being done. Knowing how to finish, 41 , was more important than being close to finishing. The researchers named this finding “the Hemingway effect” for the author’s self-reported 42 to stop writing only when he knew what would happen next in the story - so as to avoid writer’s block when he returned to the page. Manalo believes that leaning how to fail temporarily can help people avoid becoming 43 failures at many tasks, such as completing a dissertation, learning a language or inventing a new technology. Demystifying failure and teaching students not to 44 it make goals more attainable, says Stephanie Couch, executive director of the Lemelson-MIT Program, a nonprofit organization dedicated to developing and supporting inventors. Couch, whose work was also featured in the special issue, 45 that we “should really be thinking of failure as part of a process of iterating toward success.” 31．A．hardly B．vividly C．undoubtedly D．intentionally 32．A．by contrast B．in reality C．with question D．after all 33．A．benefiting from B．accounting for C．contributing to D．running into 34．A．celebrating B．evaluating C．achieving D．predicting 35．A．dash backward B．stand by C．run away D．move forward 36．A．instant B．constructive C．informal D．sincere 37．A．completing B．reporting C．handling D．assigning 38．A．instructions B．approval C．grants D．training 39．A．stopped B．examined C．signaled D．guided 40．A．closer B．subject C．devoted D．crucial 41．A．nevertheless B．moreover C．in other words D．in particular 42．A．reluctance B．eagerness C．tendency D．ability 43．A．inevitable B．permanent C．worthwhile D．perceived 44．A．comprehend B．fear C．overcome D．pursue 45．A．doubts B．recalls C．adds D．challenges 主题03 人与自然——环境保护与自然生态 Passage 1 （24-25高一上·云南·期末） Everyone knows that most dogs like to be helpful and some love to play fetch (捡东西游戏). David’s dog Scruff likes to 1 the two. Scruff fetches 2 bottles that he finds when he’s out for a walk so that David can 3 them. At first, Scruff loved to play fetch with regular 4 . But some time later, David 5 Scruff playing fetch with him because the vet (兽医) 6 David of possible cuts that the sticks could leave in Scruff’s mouth. But because Scruff 7 loved to work and play, he found other ways to stay 8 . Whenever they were out for a 9 , Scruff started picking up plastic bottles from the ground. When Scruff brought the bottles to David, David would 10 him for his efforts. But David would feel 11 about leaving the bottles behind. To deal with this problem, David thought of a 12 : They would bring a bag with them on walks to take the bottles that Scruff collected home. They even started to keep track of the 13 of bottles Scruff gathered. Last year, Scruff collected over a thousand bottles. Scruff’s game of fetch even 14 himself a new nickname “Scruffy the Eco Warrior”. David said, “We’re glad that Scruff enjoys picking plastic bottles up and can help set an example of how to 15 the planet.” 1．A．replace B．affect C．encounter D．combine 2．A．littered B．reused C．broken D．selected 3．A．decide B．tell C．remove D．collect 4．A．stones B．sticks C．knives D．bones 5．A．wrote B．protected C．stopped D．noticed 6．A．accused B．warned C．suspected D．cured 7．A．particularly B．possibly C．gradually D．finally 8．A．calm B．fit C．normal D．busy 9．A．walk B．meal C．trip D．drive 10．A．forgive B．praise C．respect D．blame 11．A．curious B．happy C．guilty D．nervous 12．A．cause B．reward C．hobby D．solution 13．A．number B．size C．kind D．shape 14．A．taught B．saved C．won D．cost 15．A．adapt to B．care for C．fight against D．benefit from Passage 2 （24-25高一上·江西南昌·期末） Near my home, there is a small lake with a walking path. We would drive there a few times a week and take a 16   around the lake. Being so   17   to nature always filled me with an unspoken sense of 18   and peace. One autumn day, 19 , I noticed that the path wasn’t looking so good. It was   20 with trash dropped by other people. The next time my kids and I went, I   21 a large trash bag. As we walked, we spotted pieces of trash every few yards and bent down to 22   them up and put them in the bag. There were candy wrappers, plastic bags, bent cans, and   23 , a single tennis shoe. We   24   every piece we saw. It took us more than twice as long to   25 the loop (环绕) around the lake, but we felt deeply 26   and proud. Before we got back in the car, I   27   the almost full trash bag into a nearby bin. I looked back at the lake shimmering in the sunlight and smiled. We hadn’t made the lake more   28 , but we had at least 29 some of the things that spoil (破坏) it. It felt as though we had done our part, a small way to express our 30   for the glorious world we live in. 16．A．walk B．ride C．jog D．visit 17．A．open B．kind C．close D．respectful 18．A．honor B．duty C．choice D．joy 19．A．moreover B．however C．therefore D．instead 20．A．destroyed B．littered C．spread D．supplied 21．A．brought B．bought C．ordered D．delivered 22．A．mix B．pack C．pick D．step 23．A．naturally B．finally C．luckily D．surprisingly 24．A．detected B．collected C．swept D．removed 25．A．complete B．start C．mark D．surround 26．A．touched B．encouraged C．satisfied D．relaxed 27．A．dumped B．divided C．poured D．turned 28．A．valuable B．popular C．beautiful D．convenient 29．A．found out B．worked out C．given away D．taken away 30．A．pity B．appreciation C．sympathy D．friendship Passage 3 （23-24高一上·辽宁抚顺·期末） I was 10 when flooding displaced my family from the Butaleja District of eastern Uganda in 2008. Illegal sand mining along the riverbanks 31 flooding already caused by climate change. We 32 our farm and home, so we moved over 130 miles away to Kampala, Uganda’s capital city, where we lived with my 33 . But her home quickly became 34 , so we moved to a one-room rental (租赁)—much 35 and less beautiful than our old home. It was too much for my father. My mother raised my siblings (兄弟姐妹) and me after he 36 . She often 37 to find enough food or money. I can’t 38 how many times we went to sleep hungry because we couldn’t afford food. But back on our farm, we had 39 to eat. And we still couldn’t 40 the impacts of climate change. I’ll never forget one night in November 2014. It began to rain, the power 41 , and water flooded our room. We stood outside all night. The next morning, we moved back into our grandmother’s house for four months until my mom could afford to 42 a new home. Living through 43 flooding made me realize I had to protect the environment. In 2020, I 44 Earth Volunteers, a climate nonprofit organization currently supporting youth climate education. Knowledge is 45 : I believe my father wouldn’t have abandoned (抛弃) us if he had known why those floods hit in 2008, or how to respond. 31．A．increases B．eases C．calms D．worsens 32．A．lost B．deserted C．abandoned D．left 33．A．sibling B．aunt C．grandmother D．cousin 34．A．crowded B．worn C．dirty D．shabby 35．A．larger B．smaller C．taller D．newer 36．A．left B．died C．packed D．withdrew 37．A．delighted B．struggled C．hesitated D．delayed 38．A．account B．consider C．count D．include 39．A．little B．enough C．insufficient D．nothing 40．A．explore B．exchange C．escape D．inspire 41．A．went out B．went on C．went around D．went down 42．A．choose B．rent C．exchange D．lend 43．A．unhealthy B．limited C．unfolding D．endless 44．A．funded B．retired C．founded D．reported 45．A．ineffective B．productive C．important D．hard / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题06 完形填空 主题01 人与自然——环境保护与生态平衡 Passage 1 （23-24高一上·福建厦门·期末） I wanted to travel to the Caribbean but couldn’t afford it. By chance, a friend 1 “pet sitting”, a service to help look after pets when owners are away from homes. I quickly began 2 opportunities on a pet sitting website. There were only a couple of sits available, but I tried my luck, sent an 3 , waited a few days and 4 landed a three-month job in a beautiful house. A month into my sit. I had explored the 5 pretty well. Impressed by such a beautiful island, I decided to start a travel blog to share the beautiful beaches. 6 , for every photo of a beautiful beach there were 10 photos of rubbish. It was 7 for me to ignore (忽视) the plastic pollution 8 . So I began to share photos of the rubbish I 9 and how much I could 10 on my daily dog walks. The blog was used to raise 11 and highlight plastic-free travel. I changed my way of living and even my 12 to accommodate more organic foods without plastic packaging. It’s been over three years now and I 13 to do what I can. This journey has led me to some amazing but 14 places, and I have even organized some country-wide beach clean-up activities. My 15 now is to keep on going. 1．A．mentioned B．offered C．doubted D．requested 2．A．turning down B．giving up C．jumping at D．searching for 3．A．application B．apology C．order D．invitation 4．A．fortunately B．generally C．obviously D．casually 5．A．website B．destination C．custom D．market 6．A．Therefore B．However C．Otherwise D．Instead 7．A．dangerous B．possible C．hard D．normal 8．A．control B．type C．process D．issue 9．A．saw B．threw C．produced D．buried 10．A．pay for B．take out C．pick up D．cut down 11．A．questions B．standards C．money D．awareness 12．A．necessities B．diets C．impression D．workout 13．A．forget B．compete C．agree D．continue 14．A．poor B．polluted C．noisy D．crowded 15．A．limit B．advice C．goal D．answer 【答案】1．A 2．D 3．A 4．A 5．B 6．B 7．C 8．D 9．A 10．C 11．D 12．B 13．D 14．B 15．C 【导语】本文是记叙文。主要讲述了作者因为一次宠物看护工作，去了一个很美丽的小岛，但是确被塑料所污染，所以作者把看到的垃圾分享到微博上，希望唤起人们的环保意识，之后作者一直致力于环境保护工作。 1．考查动词词义辨析。句意：一次偶然的机会，一个朋友提到了“宠物看护”，这是一种在主人不在家时帮助照顾宠物的服务。A. mentioned提到；B. offered提出；C. doubted怀疑；D. requested请求。根据前文“I wanted to travel to the Caribbean but couldn’t afford it.”和本句““pet sitting””可知，“我”想去加勒比海旅游，但负担不起，所以一个朋友向“我”提到“宠物看护”。故选A项。 2．考查动词短语辨析。句意：我很快开始在一家宠物托管网站上寻找机会。A. turning down拒绝；B. giving up放弃；C.  jumping at急于接受；D. searching for搜索。根据后文“There were only a couple of sits available, but I tried my luck”可知，是“我”在网上找机会。故选D项。 3．考查名词词义辨析。句意：当时只有几个职位空缺，但我碰碰运气，发了一份申请，等了几天，幸运的是，我在一栋漂亮的房子里找到了一份为期三个月的工作。A. application申请；B. apology道歉；C. order秩序；D. invitation邀请。根据前文“There were only a couple of sits available, but I tried my luck”可知，“我”尝试碰碰运气，所以是发了申请。故选A项。 4．考查副词词义辨析。句意：当时只有几个职位空缺，但我碰碰运气，发了一份申请，等了几天，幸运的是，我在一栋漂亮的房子里找到了一份为期三个月的工作。A. fortunately幸运地；B. generally通常地；C. obviously明显地；D. casually随意地。根据后文“landed a three-month job in a beautiful house.”可知，“我”获得了一份工作，所以是幸运的。故选A项。 5．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我已经很好地探索了目的地。A. website网站；B. destination目的地；C. custom风俗；D. market市场。根据后文“Impressed by such a beautiful island, I decided to start a travel blog to share the beautiful beaches.”可知，美丽的岛屿给“我”留下了深刻的印象，所以是“我”很好地探索了目的地。故选B项。 6．考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，每一张美丽海滩的照片，就有10张垃圾照片。A. Therefore因此；B. However然而；C. Otherwise否则；D. Instead反而。根据“I decided to start a travel blog to share the beautiful beaches.”和后文“for every photo of a beautiful beach there were 10 photos of rubbish.”可知，两句间是转折关系，应用however连接。故选B项。 7．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我很难忽视塑料污染问题。A. dangerous危险的；B. possible可能的；C. hard难的；D. normal正常的。根据后文“So I began to share photos of the rubbish”可知，“我”开始分享垃圾的张片，可知是“我”很难忽视垃圾。故选C项。 8．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我很难忽视塑料污染问题。A. control控制；B. type类型；C. process过程；D. issue问题。根据前文“plastic pollution”可知，塑料污染应该是问题。故选D项。 9．考查动词词义辨析。句意：所以我开始分享我看到的垃圾照片，以及我每天遛狗时能捡到多少垃圾。A. saw看见；B. threw抛；C. produced生产；D. buried埋葬。根据后文“The blog was used to rise　　　　11　　　　and highlight plastic-free travel.”可知，这个博客用来提高环保意识，所以是分享“我”看到的垃圾。故选A项。 10．考查动词短语辨析。句意：所以我开始分享我看到的垃圾照片，以及我每天遛狗时能捡到多少垃圾。A. pay for支付；B. take out除掉；C. pick up捡起；D. cut down削减。根据“on my daily dog walks”可知，此处指“我”每天遛狗时能捡到多少垃圾。故选C项。 11．考查名词词义辨析。句意：该博客被用来提高人们的意识，并强调无塑料旅行。A. questions问题；B. standards标准；C. money钱；D. awareness意识。根据后文“highlight plastic-free travel”可知，空处和后文并列，指提高人们的环保意识。故选D项。 12．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我改变了我的生活方式，甚至改变了我的饮食习惯，以适应更多没有塑料包装的有机食品。A. necessities必需品；B. diets日常饮食；C. impression印象；D. workout锻炼。根据后文“accommodate more organic foods without plastic packaging”可知，为了适应更多没有塑料包装的有机食品，“我”改变了饮食习惯。故选B项。 13．考查动词词义辨析。句意：现在已经三年多了，我继续做我能做的。A. forget忘记；B. compete竞争；C. agree同意；D. continue继续。根据后文“This journey has led me to some amazing but　　　　14　　　　places, and I have even organized some country-wide beach clean-up activities.”可知，“我”依旧为了环保在努力，所以是“我”继续做我能做的。故选D项。 14．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这段旅程带我去了一些令人惊叹但污染严重的地方，我甚至组织了一些全国性的海滩清理活动。A. poor贫穷的；B. polluted污染；C. noisy吵闹的；D. crowded拥挤的。根据后文“and I have even organized some country-wide beach clean-up activities.”可知，“我”一直致力于治理污染，所以去的都是有污染的地方。故选B项。 15．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我现在的目标是继续前进。A. limit限制；B. advice建议；C. goal目标；D. answer答案。根据后文“to keep on going”并结合选项，此处应是“目标是继续前进”。故选C项。 Passage 2 （24-25高一上·山东青岛·期末）Many poor children in Africa struggle on tuition for an education. However, a new school has been asking their pupils to pay for classes with 16 . Every week, students 17 the Akshar School are required to line up and “pay” for their classes using grocery bags 18 at least 25 pieces of plastic waste they 19 from around their homes and communities. Parmita and Mazin, the couple 20 for the new school, were 21 to launch the campaign after witnessing their students being forced to 22 the acrid smell of burning plastic. That’s 23 before the school was opened in 2016, local families and communities 24 burned plastic waste as a means of keeping warm and fueling fires. Now, the plastic is being collected and recycled at the school’s own recycling center. The school 25 the trash into Ecobricks by compressing (压缩) about 40 pieces of garbage into a(n) 26 plastic bottle. Furthermore, the school’s older students can work part-time at the center as an additional source of 27 . Now the school owns over 100 students 28 the ages of 4 and 15. Since the school’s 29 curriculum has attracted more and more 30 to enroll, the couple plan on opening another 100 schools over the next five years. 16．A．working hours B．farm products C．plastic waste D．burned trash 17．A．leaving B．attending C．finishing D．damaging 18．A．taking in B．spreading out C．attached to D．filled with 19．A．collected B．borrowed C．explored D．counted 20．A．anxious B．grateful C．responsible D．qualified 21．A．changed B．inspired C．prohibited D．recommended 22．A．stand B．enjoy C．observe D．control 23．A．as if B．although C．because D．in case 24．A．consequently B．obviously C．eventually D．commonly 25．A．buries B．removes C．throws D．recycles 26．A．single B．straight C．large D．twisted 27．A．income B．credits C．scores D．trash 28．A．of B．at C．between D．from 29．A．efficient B．creative C．skillful D．respected 30．A．teachers B．beggars C．partners D．students 【答案】16．C 17．B 18．D 19．A 20．C 21．B 22．A 23．C 24．D 25．D 26．A 27．A 28．C 29．B 30．D 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。一对夫妇开了一所学校， 让学生用捡来的塑料废品来抵消学费，从而为保护环境作出了贡献。 16．考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，一所新学校要求学生用塑料垃圾支付学费。A. working hours工作时间；B. farm products农产品；C. plastic waste塑料废物；D. burned trash焚烧垃圾。根据“and “pay” for their classes using grocery bags ____3____ at least 25 pieces of plastic waste”可知，学生可以通过捡塑料废品并将其上交这种方式来支付学费。故选C。 17．考查动词词义辨析。句意：每周，阿克沙尔学校的学生都被要求排队，用购物袋“支付”学费，购物袋里至少有25块塑料垃圾，这些塑料垃圾是他们从家里和社区周围收集来的。A. leaving离开；B. attending上（学）， 出席；C. finishing完成；D. damaging损害。根据“the Akshar School”可知，来学校上学的学生都排着队，用捡来的塑料废品“支付”学费。故选B。 18．考查动词词义辨析。句意：每周，阿克沙尔学校的学生都被要求排队，用购物袋“支付”学费，购物袋里至少有25块塑料垃圾，这些塑料垃圾是他们从家里和社区周围收集来的。A. taking in吸收；B. spreading out传播开；C. attached to附在……上；D. filled with装满。根据“at least 25 pieces of plastic waste””可知，袋子里装满了塑料废品。故选D。 19．考查动词词义辨析。句意：每周，阿克沙尔学校的学生都被要求排队，用购物袋“支付”学费，购物袋里至少有25块塑料垃圾，这些塑料垃圾是他们从家里和社区周围收集来的。A. collected收集；B. borrowed借来；C. explored探索；D. counted计算。根据“from around their homes and communities.”可知，学生应从家和社区周边收集至少 25 份塑料废品。故选A。 20．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：负责这所新学校的帕尔米塔和马辛夫妇，在目睹了他们的学生被迫忍受塑料燃烧的刺鼻气味后，受到启发，发起了这项活动。A. anxious焦急的；B. grateful感激的；C. responsible负责的，有责任的；D. qualified有资格的。根据“were ____6____ to launch the campaign after witnessing their students being forced to ____7____ the acrid smell of burning plastic.”可知，这所学校是由一对夫妇负责的。故选C。 21．考查动词词义辨析。句意：负责这所新学校的帕尔米塔和马辛夫妇，在目睹了他们的学生被迫忍受塑料燃烧的刺鼻气味后，受到启发，发起了这项活动。A. changed改变；B. inspired启发；C. prohibited禁止；D. recommended建议。根据“after witnessing their students being forced to ____7____ the acrid smell of burning plastic.”可知，这对夫妇在目睹了学生被迫闻烧焦塑料的刺鼻气味后受到启发， 想建立一个用塑料垃圾支付学费的学校。故选B。 22．考查动词词义辨析。句意：负责这所新学校的帕尔米塔和马辛夫妇，在目睹了他们的学生被迫忍受塑料燃烧的刺鼻气味后，受到启发，发起了这项活动。A. stand忍受；B. enjoy喜欢；C. observe观察；D. control控制。根据“the acrid smell of burning plastic.”可知，孩子们要忍受焚烧塑料所带来的刺鼻气味。故选A。 23．考查连词（短语）词义辨析。句意：这是因为在这所学校2016年开学之前，当地家庭和社区通常焚烧塑料垃圾作为取暖和生火的手段。A. as if好像；B. although尽管；C. because因为；D. in case以防。根据“and communities ____9____ burned plastic waste as a means of keeping warm and fueling fires.”可知，学生被迫闻刺鼻气味是因为当地住户常常通过焚烧塑料废品来取暖生火。故选C。 24．考查副词词义辨析。句意：这是因为在这所学校2016年开学之前，当地家庭和社区通常焚烧塑料垃圾作为取暖和生火的手段。A. consequently因此；B. obviously显然；C. eventually最终；D. commonly通常地。根据“burned plastic waste as a means of keeping warm and fueling fires.”可知，这是因为当地住户常常通过焚烧塑料废品来取暖生火。故选D。 25．考查动词词义辨析。句意：学校将大约40块垃圾压缩到一个塑料瓶中，将垃圾回收成生态砖。A. buries埋葬；B. removes消除；C. throws扔；D. recycles回收。根据“Now, the plastic is being collected and recycled at the school’s own recycling center.”可知，学校收集完学生带来的垃圾后，再把垃圾进行处理回收。故选D。 26．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：学校将大约40块垃圾压缩到一个塑料瓶中，将垃圾回收成生态砖。A. single单一的；B. straight直的；C. large大的；D. twisted扭曲的。根据“The school ____10____ the trash into Ecobricks by compressing (压缩) about 40 pieces of garbage”可知，在被加工的塑料废品中，每 40 份废品可以做成一个塑料瓶。故选A。 27．考查名词词义辨析。句意：此外，学校的高年级学生可以在该中心做兼职工作，作为额外的收入来源。A. income收入；B. credits信用；C. scores得分；D. trash废物。根据“Furthermore, the school’s older students can work part-time at the center”可知，年纪大些的学生可以在可回收中心做兼职赚钱，将此作为额外收入。故选A。 28．考查介词词义辨析。句意：现在学校有100多名4到15岁的学生。A. of关于；B. at在；C. between在……之间；D. from来自。between...and...为固定用法，意为“在……和……之间”。 根据“Now the school owns over 100 students”可知，此处指现在这所学校有 100 多名学生，学生的年龄在 4 岁到 15 岁之间。故选C。 29．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：由于学校的创新课程吸引了越来越多的学生入学，这对夫妇计划在未来五年内再开设100所学校。A. efficient效率高的；B. creative创新的；C. skillful熟练的；D. respected尊敬的。根据语境可知，学校有很多创新课程。故选B。 30．考查名词词义辨析。句意：由于学校的创新课程吸引了越来越多的学生入学，这对夫妇计划在未来五年内再开设100所学校。A. teachers老师；B. beggars乞丐；C. partners父母；D. students学生。根据“Since the school’s ____14____ curriculum has attracted more”可知，学校的创新课程吸引着越来越多的学生。故选D。 Passage 3 （23-24高一上·上海·期末） Brazil’s election offers hope for the rainforest A presidential election in 2022 will offer a chance for Brazil’s government to reverse policies that have 31 to global climate change. The country is home to 60% of the Amazon rainforest, which has historically been an important carbon 32 . But a worrying study published in 2021 in Nature found that over the past decade it has 33 become a carbon source. The culprits: forest fires and deforestation, which has soared by more than 40% since President Jair Bolsonaro 34 in 2019. On his watch, environmental enforcement and fines dropped to record lows. Activists say this has encouraged 35 logging, mining, and land-grabbing. In June the environment minister, Ricardo Salles, resigned after federal police began investigating him for alleged 36 in timber trafficking. A greener president would try to crack down on such crimes. Polls 37 that Mr Bolsonaro is likely to lose the election. His successor could convince Germany and Norway to unfreeze the Amazon Fund, a pot of money for enforcement and 38 development that was withdrawn in 2019 amid concerns about Mr Bolsonaro’s policies. A new president could also revive talks with President Joe Biden, who has offered to 39 a $20bn fund for the rainforest once Brazil starts showing results. But even an enlightened president will have to battle a 40 Congress, which is considering a number of laws that threaten the rainforest and its inhabitants. These include a land-regularization bill nicknamed the “land-grabbing law” and a bill that would 41 wildcat mining on indigenous territories. In August thousands of indigenous people camped out in the capital as the supreme court debated a case that would restrict their territories to land that was 42 when a new constitution was passed in 1988. The court postponed its 43 , but Congress is considering a law that would have the 44 effect. Better leadership in Brazil could jump-start regional efforts to boost enforcement and find sustainable 45 to deforestation for the rainforest’s inhabitants. But if Mr Bolsonaro wins again, his determination to fill the forest with roads, dams and mines could cause destruction far beyond the borders of Brazil. 31．A．referred B．contributed C．amounted D．related 32．A．footprint B．sink C．source D．emission 33．A．indeed B．instead C．accidentally D．otherwise 34．A．stepped down B．took office C．claimed precedence D．kept watch 35．A．seasonal B．selective C．illegal D．professional 36．A．involvement B．attachment C．limitation D．existence 37．A．advise B．advocate C．suggest D．represent 38．A．sustainable B．economic C．rapid D．rural 39．A．claim B．manage C．create D．borrow 40．A．farmer-friendly B．warm-blooded C．pressure-free D．profit-making 41．A．realize B．normalize C．publicize D．legalize 42．A．sold B．explored C．cleared D．occupied 43．A．election B．argument C．appeal D．decision 44．A．main B．varied C．final D．same 45．A．replacements B．transitions C．alternatives D．references 【答案】31．B 32．B 33．B 34．B 35．C 36．A 37．C 38．A 39．C 40．D 41．D 42．D 43．D 44．D 45．A 【导语】本文为一篇说明文。巴西总统换届将给巴西政府提供一个机会，扭转那些与全球气候变化有关的政策。因巴西现任总统雅伊尔·博尔索纳罗及其国会为了经济发展制定的政策法律，不仅危及亚马逊雨林的生态，影响全球气候，也波及到其中居民生活。 31．考查动词词义辨析。句意：2022年的总统选举将为巴西政府提供一个机会，扭转那些导致全球气候变化的政策。A. referred参考；B. contributed贡献，促成；C. amounted总计；D. related联系。根据下文可知，过去十年中，巴西雨林从一个重要的“碳汇”转变成了一个“碳源”，导致全球气候恶化，这个气候问题的罪魁祸首是森林火灾和森林砍伐，尤其是2019年上台执政的总统雅伊尔·博尔索纳罗的政策导致森林火灾和森林砍伐激增了40%以上。短语contribute to，意为“促成，是……的原因之一”。故选B项。 32．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这个国家拥有60%的亚马逊雨林，在历史上一直是一个重要的碳汇。A. footprint足迹；B. sink水槽；C. source来源；D. emission排放。根据下一句可知，2021年发表在《自然》杂志上的一项令人担忧的研究发现，在过去十年里，它反而成为了一种碳源，所以可推知，亚马逊雨林功能反转，从吸收二氧化碳的“碳汇”转变为排放二氧化碳的“碳源”。短语carbon sink，意为“碳汇”。故选B项。 33．考查副词词义辨析。句意：但2021年发表在《自然》杂志上的一项令人担忧的研究发现，在过去十年里，它反而成为了一种碳源。A. indeed确实；B. instead反而；C. accidentally意外地；D. otherwise否则。根据上一句可知，亚马逊雨林以前是吸收二氧化碳的“碳汇”，而本句句首转折连词but，说明亚马逊雨林如今不再有碳汇功能，反而成了不利全球气候的碳源。故选B项。 34．考查动词短语辨析。句意：这个问题的罪魁祸首是森林火灾和森林砍伐，自2019年总统雅伊尔·博尔索纳罗上任以来，森林火灾和森林砍伐激增了40%以上。A. stepped down任期届满；B. took office上台；C. claimed precedence请求优先权；D. kept watch看守。根据本段第一句可知，2022年巴西要进行总统换届选举，故President Jair Bolsonaro应该是于2019年上台的现任总统。故选B项。 35．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：活动人士说，这鼓励了非法伐木、采矿和掠夺土地。A. seasonal季节性的；B. selective选择性的；C. illegal非法的；D. professional职业的，专业的。根据上文“On his watch, environmental enforcement and fines dropped to record lows.”可知，巴西总统雅伊尔·博尔索纳罗颁布的政策中，环境执法和罚款降至历史最低水平，变相地鼓励了非法伐木、采矿和掠夺土地，因为罚金不多。故选C项。 36．考查名词词义辨析。句意：今年6月，环境部长里卡多·萨列斯（Ricardo Salles）在联邦警察开始调查他涉嫌参与木材走私后辞职。A. involvement参与；B. attachment依附；C. limitation限制；D. existence存在。根据上文“On his watch, environmental enforcement and fines dropped to record lows.”可知，巴西总统雅伊尔·博尔索纳罗颁布的政策中，环境执法和罚款降至历史最低水平，因为犯罪成本低，连环境部长都涉足木材走私以获取非法收益。故选A项。 37．考查动词词义辨析。句意：民意调查显示，博尔索纳罗可能会输掉选举。A. advise建议；B. advocate提倡；C. suggest表明，显示；D. represent代表。根据上一句“A greener president would try to crack down on such crimes.”可知，一个更环保的总统会试图打击此类犯罪，民意调查的结果是：民众需要一个会打击此类犯罪的总统，博尔索纳罗做得不到位，所以他可能下台。故选C项。 38．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他的继任者可能会说服德国和挪威解冻亚马逊基金，这是一笔用于执法和可持续发展的资金，由于人们对博尔索纳罗的政策感到担忧，该基金在2019年被撤回。A. sustainable可持续的；B. economic经济的；C. rapid快速的；D. rural农村的。根据最后一段第一句可知，在解冻亚马逊基金之后，巴西更好的领导可以启动区域努力来加强执法力度，并为雨林居民寻找可持续的森林砍伐的替代方案；sustainable为复现词，故选A项。 39．考查动词词义辨析。句意：新总统还可能重启与乔•拜登总统之间的谈判，拜登曾提出，一旦巴西开始（在森林保护方面）显示出成效，他将为亚马逊雨林创设一个200亿美元的基金。A. claim索取；B. manage管理；C. create创造；D. borrow借。根据语境可知，除了德国和挪威的亚马逊基金，美国在“once Brazil starts showing results”的条件下，拜登也愿意出资建立基金会，提供基金帮助亚马逊雨林的修复工作。故选C项。 40．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但是，即使是一位开明的总统，也不得不与牟利的国会斗争，因为国会正在考虑一系列威胁雨林及其居民的法律。A. farmer-friendly对农民友好的；B. warm-blooded；C. pressure-free无压力的；D. profit-making盈利的，牟利的。根据第二段可知，新总统要保护亚马逊及其居民，就得和通过伐木、采矿和掠夺雨林中居民的土地来牟利的国会作斗争。故选D项。 41．考查动词词义辨析。句意：其中包括一项被戏称为“土地掠夺法”的土地合法化法案，以及一项使在土著领土上的非法采矿这事合法化的法案。A. realise实现；B. normalize正常化；C. publicise宣传；D. legalise合法化。根据上文可知，国会制定的法律，使非法的采矿，土地掠夺都合法化。故选D项。 42．考查动词词义辨析。句意：8月，当最高法院就一项将土著居民的领土限制在1988年新宪法通过时所占用的土地上的案件进行辩论时，数千名土著居民在首都露宿街头。A. sold  出售；B. explored探索；C. cleared清除；D. occupied占领，居住。根据本段第二句中“These include a land-regularisation bill nicknamed the ‘land-grabbing law’”可知，国会在考虑“征地法”，把占用土著居民的土地搞成合法的法案，根据语境，土著居民的领土会被缩小，局限在1988年时他们居住的那片区域。故选D项。 43．考查名词词义辨析。句意：法院推迟了决定，但国会正在考虑一项具有同样效果的法律。A. election选举；B. argument论点；C. appeal上诉；D. decision决定。根据上一句可知，当最高法院就一项将土著居民的领土限制在1988年新宪法通过时所占用的土地上的案件进行辩论时，数千名土著居民在首都露宿街头，以示抗议，所以法院推迟限制土著居民领地的决定。故选D项。 44．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：法院推迟了决定，但国会正在考虑一项具有同样效果的法律。A. main主要的；B. varied不同的；C. final最终的；D. same相同的。根据第四段第二句中“These include a land-regularisation bill nicknamed the ‘land-grabbing law’”可知，国会在考虑“征地法”，把占用土著居民的土地搞成合法的法案，与法院的意图相同。故选D项。 45．考查名词词义辨析。句意：巴西更好的领导可以启动区域努力，加强执法力度，并为雨林居民寻找可持续的森林砍伐的替代方案。A. replacements代替；B. transitions转变；C. alternatives可供选择的事物；D. references参考。根据第一段最后一句可知，自2019年以来，森林火灾和森林砍伐激增，要修复亚马逊的碳源状态，恢复到碳汇功能，要禁止滥砍滥伐，非法盗伐，给森林居民找一条可持续发展的出路。故选A项。 主题02 人与社会——人际交往与社会交流 Passage 1 （24-25高一上·四川绵阳·期末）Every June, we have an annual tradition in our family. Our children are given bowls to collect pieces of nature that 1 them of the summer. They put those bowls on the front doorstep and we will go for a 2 together. When we return, they will find that the bowls’ 3 are changed into ice cream. I tell them that the fairies (仙子) must have come. Six-year-old Anna was looking forward to the fairies 4 all last June. Meanwhile, Joshua, nine, no longer 5 in fairies and such silly things. He said he would understand if, during our walk, Mum or Dad should forget something and return home. Joshua thought he had everything worked 6 . That evening, the children collected leaves, peddles and dead insects. We put their bowls on the front doorstep and 7 . During our walk, Joshua 8 me secretly, “Don't you need to go back?” “No,” I replied. He was getting a bit 9 . When we returned, Joshua was 10 to find the bowls filled with ice cream. “The fairies must have come,”he stammered (结结巴巴地说).“Maybe... is there really... was this magic?” At mid-night, he came to my bed and 11 . “Mummy, I can't sleep. You must tell me. How did you do it?” When a child is nine years old, you need to answer his question 12 . So I told him the 13 immediately. I had asked a neighbour to help us. Joshua smiled in 14 and thanked me for telling him. Then he 15 in my arms. Just at that moment, I thought there existed magic too. 1．A．warn B．remind C．free D．assure 2．A．walk B．drink C．vacation D．picnic 3．A．contents B．leaves C．snacks D．creatures 4．A．nervously B．calmly C．eagerly D．gratefully 5．A．joined B．believed C．took D．turned 6．A．on B．off C．out D．up 7．A．left B．hid C．escaped D．ran 8．A．told B．stopped C．requested D．asked 9．A．moved B．concerned C．anxious D．confused 10．A．ashamed B．amazed C．awkward D．angry 11．A．complained B．shouted C．whispered D．apologized 12．A．gently B．directly C．politely D．formally 13．A．agreement B．result C．view D．truth 14．A．relief B．pain C．panic D．shock 15．A．turned around B．fell apart C．turned up D．fell asleep 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．A 4．C 5．B 6．C 7．A 8．D 9．D 10．B 11．C 12．B 13．D 14．A 15．D 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。 这篇文章讲述的是关于一个家庭中的夏日小传统，孩子们收集东西，然后假借仙女之手把收集到的东西变成美味的冰激凌。文中描述了孩子们对于神秘和奇迹的纯真期待，以及当真相揭晓时，孩子从怀疑到接受并最终感到安心的过程。 1．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们的孩子们被给予了碗，用来收集大自然的碎片，这些碎片会让他们想起夏天。A. warn 警告；B. remind 想起；C. free 使免于；D. assure 使确信。这里的“that them of the summer”是一个定语从句，修饰“pieces of nature”，说明这些大自然的碎片具有什么样的特性，结合选项和句意可知，这些碎片能够提醒孩子们想起夏天符合语意。故选B项。 2．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们把装满树叶的碗放在门阶上，我们一起出去散步。A. walk走路；B. drink 饮料；C. vacation休假；D. picnic野餐。根据第二段“during our walk”可知，孩子把装满树叶的碗放在门阶上，然后去散步。故选A项。 3．考查名词词义辨析。句意：当我们回来的时候，他们发现碗里的物品变成了冰淇淋。A. contents所容之物；B. leaves 叶子 ；C. snacks 零食； D. creatures 生物。根据上文“Our children are given bowls to collect pieces of nature that 　them of the summer.”可知，孩子们的碗是用来搜集夏天的回忆的东西的，现在碗里被放了冰淇淋，因此contents符合语意，故选A项。 4．考查副词词义辨析。句意：六岁的安娜整个六月都热切地期待着仙子的到来。A. nervously紧张地；B. calmly平静地；C. eagerly 热切地；D. gratefully感激地。根据前文“was looking forward to”可知，所选的副词用来表示安娜期待仙子的到来时的心情，结合语意，eagerly符合此刻期待的热切心情，故选C项。 5．考查动词词义辨析。句意：同时，九岁的约书亚不再相信仙子和诸如此类的愚蠢事情了。A. joined 加入；B. believed 相信；C. took拿；D. turned 转弯。根据第一段最后一句“I tell them that the fairies (仙子) must have come.”和第二段中“He said he would understand if, during our walk, Mum or Dad should forget something and return home.”可知，约书亚不再相信父母告诉自己关于仙子到来的故事，故选B项。 6．考查副词词义辨析。句意：约书亚认为他已经把所有事情都想通了。A. on 在……上面；B. off 离开；C. out 向外；D. up 向上。结合空前的worked，可知此处考查work的搭配，根据上文“He said he would understand if, during our walk, Mum or Dad should forget something and return home.”可知，约书亚理解了所有事情，故worked out 符合语意，故选C项。 7．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们把他们的碗放在前门台阶上，然后就离开了。A. left 离开；B. hid 藏；C. escaped 逃跑；D. ran 跑。根据后文“During our walk”可知，我们放下碗后就去散步了，可推测此处与散步的顺承动作应该是离开，故选A项。 8．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在散步期间，约书亚悄悄地问我，“你不需要回去吗？”A. told告诉；B. stopped 停下；C. requested 要求；D. asked问。根据后文“Don't you need to go back?”可知，孩子在问问题，故选D项。 9．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：“不，” 我回答。他变得有点困惑。A. moved  感动的；B. concerned 担心的；C. anxious焦急的；D. confused困惑的。根据第二段“He said he would understand if, during our walk, Mum or Dad should forget something and return home.”可知，约书亚认为碗里的东西是父母放的，因此孩子判断父母需要回家来做这件事情，但我回答说不回家，因此孩子很困惑。故选D项。 10．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当我们回家的时候，约书亚很惊讶的发现碗里满是冰淇淋。A. ashamed 惭愧的；B. amazed惊讶的；C. awkward 尴尬的；D. angry生气的。根据第四段“ “No”, I replied. He was getting a bit 　　.”可知，我没有回家，碗里却出现了冰淇淋，因此孩子很惊讶。故选B项。 11．考查动词词义辨析。句意：半夜里，他来到我的床边，低声说：“妈妈，我睡不着。你一定要告诉我。你是怎么做到的？”A. complained抱怨；B. shouted 大喊；C. whispered小声地说；D. apologized道歉。根据上文“At mid-night”和后文“Mummy, I can't sleep. You must tell me. How did you do it?””可知，孩子半夜来到床边想知道事情的真相，因此应该小声说，怕吵到别人睡觉。故选C项。 12．考查副词词义辨析。句意：当一个孩子九岁的时候，你需要坦率地回答他的问题。A. gently轻轻地；B. directly 坦率地；C. politely 礼貌地；D. formally 正式地。根据后文“I had asked a neighbour to help us.”可知，我告诉了孩子事实，因此是坦率地回答了孩子，故选B项。 13．考查名词词义辨析。句意：所以我立刻就告诉了他事实。A. agreement协议；B. result 结果；C. view 观点；D. truth事实。根据后文“I had asked a neighbour to help us.”可知，我告诉了孩子事实，故选D项。 14．考查名词词义辨析。句意：约书亚如释重负地笑了，感谢我告诉了他。A. relief 宽慰；B. pain痛苦；C. panic 恐慌；D. shock 震惊。根据第五段“Maybe... is there really... was this magic? ”可知，孩子心存困惑，此时得知了事实后心里很宽慰，如释重负，故选A项。 15．考查动词短语辨析。句意：然后，他就在我的胳膊里睡着了。A. turned around 转身；B. fell apart 破碎；C. turned up 出现，调高；D. fell asleep 睡着。根据上文“Mummy, I can't sleep. You must tell me. How did you do it?”可知，孩子因为困惑而睡不着，现在了解了事实，所以安心地睡着了。故选D项。 Passage 2 （24-25高一上·福建福州·期末） Not being able to see someone you love for a long time is very difficult…but it does make reuniting (重逢) all the more 16 . Owen and Stevie 17 several years ago at their primary school in Chicago. The two became 18 , and seemingly nothing could separate them. 19 , their friendship was 20 three years ago when Owen and his family moved to Missouri —about 400 miles away! Owen and Stevie 21 to keep their friendship. Still, it wasn’t easy not being able to see each other at school every day. As luck would have it, Owen’s dad recently 22 a business trip to Chicago. Naturally, the two families would 23 this amazing chance of a reunion. Instead of telling Stevie the good news directly, they chose to 24 him! Although Stevie had no idea what was going on, one thing was certain: it couldn’t have happened at a better time. Everyone has 25 days, and the day that Owen 26 was one of Stevie’s. It was going so badly that he had his mom pick him up early. Little did he 27 that the best pick-me-up ever was waiting for him in the back seat. As Stevie opened the door, Owen was sitting there! “What are you doing here?” Stevie said before crying. “You just 28 . I’ve had the worst day ever.” “I’m visiting you,” Owen replied and gave Stevie a huge hug (拥抱). He 29 Stevie with pats (轻拍) on his back. Stevie enjoyed the moment and said, “I can’t believe it. I feel like I’m 30 .” 16．A．dangerous B．affordable C．boring D．special 17．A．fought B．met C．left D．worked 18．A．friends B．teachers C．heroes D．parents 19．A．Strangely B．Hopefully C．Unluckily D．Personally 20．A．formed B．ended C．strengthened D．challenged 21．A．regretted B．tried C．refused D．helped 22．A．planned B．avoided C．offered D．canceled 23．A．pass up B．pay for C．compete for D．jump at 24．A．praise B．join C．thank D．surprise 25．A．busy B．important C．bad D．happy 26．A．shouted B．arrived C．woke D．laughed 27．A．remember B．show C．know D．love 28．A．broke my heart B．missed my point C．made my day D．followed my example 29．A．frightened B．comforted C．shamed D．trained 30．A．dreaming B．walking C．drinking D．considering 【答案】16．D 17．B 18．A 19．C 20．D 21．B 22．A 23．D 24．D 25．C 26．B 27．C 28．C 29．B 30．A 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Owen和Stevie之间的友谊，在Owen搬家离开芝加哥后，两家利用Owen父亲出差的机会重聚，且瞒着Stevie，给了Stevie一个大大的惊喜。 16．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：很长时间见不到你喜欢的人很难，但这却让重逢更加特别。A. dangerous危险的；B. affordable支付得起的；C. boring令人无聊的；D. special特殊的。根据前文“Not being able to see someone you love for a long time is very difficult”和表示转折的but可知，很长时间无法见到你喜欢的人是一件难事，但却让重聚更加特殊，故选D。 17．考查动词词义辨析。句意：Owen和Stevie几年前在芝加哥的小学相识。A. fought打斗；B. met相识；C. left离开；D. worked工作。根据后文“The two became 　　3　　 , and seemingly nothing could separate them.”可知，他们成为了朋友，没有什么能分开他们，故此处指相识于小学，故选B。 18．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们成为了朋友，没有什么能分开他们。A. friends朋友；B. teachers老师；C. heroes英雄；D. parents父母。根据后文“ their friendship”可知，他们成为了朋友，故选A。 19．考查副词词义辨析。句意：不幸地是，他们的友谊在三年前受到了挑战，当时Owen一家搬到了大约400英里以外的Missouri。A. Strangely奇怪地是；B. Hopefully充满希望地是；C. Unluckily不幸地是；D. Personally就个人而言。根据后文“three years ago when Owen and his family moved to Missouri —about 400 miles away!”可知，三年前Owen一家搬到了大约400英里以外的Missouri，这是不幸的，故选C。 20．考查动词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. formed形成；B. ended结束；C. strengthened加强；D. challenged挑战。根据后文“three years ago when Owen and his family moved to Missouri —about 400 miles away!”可知，三年前Owen一家搬到了大约400英里以外的Missouri，故他们的友谊受到了挑战，故选D。 21．考查动词词义辨析。句意：Owen和Stevie努力保持他们的友谊。A. regretted后悔；B. tried努力；C. refused拒绝；D. helped帮助。根据空后to keep their friendship以及前文“The two became 　　3　　 , and seemingly nothing could separate them.”可知，他们是好朋友，因此即使分开了，也仍然努力保持他们的友谊，故选B。 22．考查动词词义辨析。句意：碰巧，Owen的父亲最近计划去芝加哥出差。A. planned计划；B. avoided避免；C. offered提供；D. canceled取消。根据后文“Naturally, the two families would 　　8　　 this amazing chance of a reunion.”可知，自然，这两家人会团聚，故此处指Owen的父亲计划去芝加哥出差，故选A。 23．考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：自然，这两家人利用了这次难得的机会团聚。A. pass up错过；B. pay for支付；C. compete for为……竞争；D. jump at欣然接受。根据后文“a reunion”可知，他们会利用这次机会重聚，jump at a chance利用机会，抓住机会，故选D。 24．考查动词词义辨析。句意：没有直接告诉Stevie这个消息，他们决定给他一个惊奇。A. praise表扬；B. join加入；C. thank感谢；D. surprise给……惊喜。根据前文“Instead of telling Stevie the good news directly”可知，他们没有直接告诉Stevie这个消息，是想要给他一个惊喜，故选D。 25．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：每个人都有糟糕的时候，Owen到达的那天就是Stevie过得很糟糕的时候。A. busy忙碌的；B. important重要的；C. bad不好的，糟糕的；D. happy高兴的。根据后文的词义复现“It was going so badly that he had his mom pick him up early.”可知，此处指每个人都有糟糕的时候，故选C。 26．考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。A. shouted大喊；B. arrived到达；C. woke醒来；D. laughed大笑。根据后文“ As Stevie opened the door, Owen was sitting there!”可知，此处是指Owen到达芝加哥给Stevie惊喜的那一天，故选B。 27．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他一点都不知道的，他最好的朋友正在后座等着他。A. remember记住；B. show展示；C. know知道；D. love爱。根据前文“Instead of telling Stevie the good news directly, they chose to 　　9　　 him!”可知，Owen要给Stevie一个惊喜，因此Stevie一点都不知道Owen正在后排座等着他，故选C。 28．考查动词短语词义辨析。Stevie哭之前说道：“你在这里做什么？你真让我高兴。这是我最糟糕的一天。”A. broke my heart使我伤心；B. missed my point没理解我；C. made my day让我高兴；D. followed my example向我学习。根据前文“It was going so badly that he had his mom pick him up early.”和“As Stevie opened the door, Owen was sitting there!”可知，当Stevie打开们的时候，好朋友Owen正坐在那里，这让原本过得很糟糕的Owen很高兴，因此他会说道，“你让我高兴”，故选C。 29．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他拍着他的背安慰道。A. frightened使害怕；B. comforted安慰；C. shamed使羞愧；D. trained培训。根据前文““I’m visiting you,” Owen replied and gave Stevie a huge hug(拥抱).”可知，Owen拥抱了Stevie，并说道是为了来看望他，故他是在安慰Stevie，故选B。 30．考查动词词义辨析。句意：Stevie很享受这一时刻，并说道：“我无法相信。我感觉我在做梦。”A. dreaming做梦；B. walking走路；C. drinking喝水；D. considering考虑。根据前文“I can’t believe it”可知，Owen来看望Stevie，给Stevie一个惊喜，这让Stevie不敢相信这是真的，就像是在做梦一样，故选A。 Passage 3 （23-24高一上·上海长宁·期末） From birth, every person needs other human beings. Babies need to be cared for to survive. Their first 31 usually come from parents and brothers or sisters. As children grow up, 32 , they spend more time with others. And they may or may not feel connected to the people they see every day. Some people feel different from or rejected by their neighbors, people they work with or even their families. People who don’t feel like they belong often feel 33 , even when others are around. People find different ways to meet their natural desire to 34 a group. Some rely on their families 35 others find communities based on other interests. These can include religious beliefs, shared goals, life experiences or popular culture. You need others for many 36 . Community members can offer advice or practical help when you go through difficult times. You can also grow as a person from helping others. And belonging helps give a sense of meaning as you become part of something bigger than yourself. So what can you do if you 37 a sense of belonging? The first step will usually be to make a mindful effort to 38 others. You could join groups based on interests you share. Or you could contact an individual with whom you have something in common and decide when to meet up. This may be uncomfortable 39 , but as with most things, it becomes easier with practice. Focusing on others more than on yourself may help. Ask questions that show you 40 others’ lives. This will help them feel valued. If you are shy, it will spare you from having to talk about yourself too much. Finding community requires a(n) 41 to accept others. But it is also important to remain 42 to yourself. If you hide your thoughts and feelings to fit in, you won’t feel like you belong. Finding a place where you belong may not be easy, but it will help you live a happier life. 31．A．feelings B．needs C．connections D．belongings 32．A．indeed B．meanwhile C．furthermore D．however 33．A．interested B．different C．lonely D．involved 34．A．build up B．believe in C．benefit from D．belong to 35．A．while B．although C．as D．when 36．A．reasons B．occasions C．difficulties D．senses 37．A．lose B．lack C．show D．maintain 38．A．catch up with B．reach out to C．count on D．object to 39．A．at first B．in other words C．to some extent D．on average 40．A．concentrate on B．care about C．give way to D．make comments on 41．A．anxiety B．arrangement C．willingness D．hesitation 42．A．polite B．kind C．patient D．true 【答案】31．C 32．D 33．C 34．D 35．A 36．A 37．B 38．B 39．A 40．B 41．C 42．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了人通常都需要和他人产生联系，拥有归属感，而不同的人有不同的方式来满足这种需求，并为缺乏归属感的人提供了一些解决方法。 31．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们的第一份联系通常来自父母和兄弟姐妹。A. feelings感觉；B. needs需要；C. connections联系；D. belongings归属感。根据上文“Babies need to be cared for to survive.”可知，婴儿需要有人照顾，再结合下文“usually come from parents and brothers or sisters”可推知，婴儿会和照顾他的家庭成员产生第一份联系。故选C。 32．考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，随着孩子长大，他们花更多的时间和别人在一起。A. indeed的确；B. meanwhile与此同时；C. furthermore此外；D. however然而。根据上文“Their first ____1____ usually come from parents and brothers or sisters.”和下文“they spend more time with others”可知，前面说明婴儿先是和家庭成员接触，后面说明随着成长，他们会更多地和其他人接触，因此前后有转折，应用however“然而”衔接。故选D。 33．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：没有归属感的人经常感到孤独，即使有其他人在身边。A. interested感兴趣的；B. different不同的；C. lonely孤独的；D. involved有关联的。根据上文“People who don’t feel like they belong”可推知，没有归属感的人会感到孤独。故选C。 34．考查动词短语辨析。句意：人们找到不同的方式来满足他们属于一个群体的天然的愿望。A. build up增进；B. believe in相信；C. benefit from受益于；D. belong to属于。根据上文“And they may or may not feel connected to the people they see every day.”和“People who don’t feel like they belong often feel ____3____, even when others are around.”可知，文章主要讨论和他人建立联系，拥有归属感，因此此处指满足他们属于一个群体的天然的愿望。故选D。 35．考查连词词义辨析。句意：一些人依靠家庭，而另一些人则根据其他兴趣找到社群。A. while而；B. although虽然；C. as随着；D. when当……的时候。根据上文“Some rely on their families”和下文“others find communities based on other interests”可知，此处描述两种不同的找到归属感的方式，空处应用while“而”连接前后内容，表示对比两件事物。故选A。 36．考查名词词义辨析。句意：你需要别人的原因有很多。A. reasons原因；B. occasions场合；C. difficulties困难；D. senses感官。根据下文“Community members can offer advice or practical help when you go through difficult times. You can also grow as a person from helping others. And belonging helps give a sense of meaning as you become part of something bigger than yourself.”可推知，本段是介绍需要别人的不同原因。故选A。 37．考查动词词义辨析。句意：那么，如果你缺乏归属感，你该怎么办呢？A. lose失去；B. lack缺乏；C. show展示；D. maintain维持。根据下文在分享与他人产生联系，寻得归属感的方法可推知，此处指如果你缺乏归属感。故选B。 38．考查动词短语辨析。句意：第一步通常是有意识地接触他人。A. catch up with赶上；B. reach out to接触；C. count on依靠；D. object to反对。根据下文“You could join groups based on interests you share. Or you could contact an individual with whom”可推知，此处指有意识地接触他人，由此引出下文的加入小组、联系他人的方法。故选B。 39．考查介词短语辨析。句意：起初可能会不舒服，但就像大多数事情一样，随着练习，它会变得更容易。A. at first起初；B. in other words换句话说；C. to some extent在某种程度上；D. on average平均。根据下文“but as with most things, it becomes easier with practice”可知，随着练习，这件事会变得容易，因此是说起初会不舒服。故选A。 40．考查动词短语辨析。句意：问一些表现出你关心别人的生活的问题。A. concentrate on专注于；B. care about关心；C. give way to让位给；D. make comments on对……做评论。根据下文“This will help them feel valued.”可知，这会让他们感到被重视，因此是表现出你关心别人的生活。故选B。 41．考查名词词义辨析。句意：寻找社群需要愿意接受他人。A. anxiety焦虑；B. arrangement安排；C. willingness意愿；D. hesitation犹豫。根据上文“Finding community”和“to accept others”可推知，寻找社群意味着融入这个群体，需要愿意接受他人。故选C。 42．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但忠于自己也很重要。A. polite礼貌的；B. kind友善的；C. patient耐心的；D. true忠实的。根据下文“If you hide your thoughts and feelings to fit in, you won’t feel like you belong.”可知，隐藏自己的想法和感受去寻求融入不会产生归属感，因此是建议忠于自己，固定短语be true to表示“忠实于”。故选D。 主题03 人与自我——自我成长与自我认知 Passage 1 （24-25高一上·山东潍坊·期末） Today we live in a society structured to promote early bloomers. Our school system has 1 people by the time they are 18, using grades and SAT scores. Some of these people zoom to prestigious academic launching pads while others get left behind. Many prominent models of success, like Bill Gates or Taylor Swift, achieved fame 2 . Magazines publish lists with headlines like “30 Under 30” to 3 youthful superstars on the rise. “Young people are just smarter,” Zuckerberg once declared, a statement that might rank among the most controversial in history. But for many people, the talents that bloom later in life are more 4 than the ones that bloom early. A 2019 study by researchers in Denmark found that, on average, Nobel Prize winners made their crucial discoveries at the age of 44. Even brilliant people apparently need at least a couple of decades to master their field. Successful late bloomers are all around us. Colonel Harland Sanders started Kentucky Fried Chicken in his 60s. Isak Dinesen published the book that 5 her literary reputation, Out of Africa, at 52. If Samuel Johnson had died at 40, few would remember him, but now he is considered one of the greatest writers in the history of the English language. Why do some people 6 later than others? In his book Late Bloomers, the journalist Rich Karlgaard points out that this is really two questions: First, why didn’t these people bloom earlier? Second, what traits or skills did they 7 that enabled them to bloom late? It turns out that late bloomers are not simply early bloomers on a delayed timetable—they didn’t just do the things early bloomers did but at a later age. Late bloomers tend to be 8 different, displaying a different set of abilities that are mostly 9 to or discouraged by our current education system. They usually have to invent their own paths. Late bloomers “fulfill their potential frequently in novel and unexpected ways,” Karlgaard writes, “surprising even those 10 to them.” These people don’t do as much advance planning as the conceptual 11 , but they regard their entire lives as experiments. They try something and learn, and then they try something else and learn more. Their focus is not on their 12 work, which they often toss away haphazardly. Their focus is on the process of learning itself: Am I closer to understanding, to mastering? They live their lives as a long period of 13 , trying this and trying that, a slow process of 14 and elaboration, so the quality of their work peaks late in life. They are the ugly ducklings of human achievement, who, over the decades, turn themselves into 15 . 1．A．united B．sorted C．engaged D．labeled 2．A．overnight B．by chance C．late in life D．at an early age 3．A．marvel B．glorify C．document D．approve 4．A．consequential B．predictable C．respectful D．conclusive 5．A．deserved B．restored C．saved D．established 6．A．bounce back B．hit their peak C．turn over a new leaf D．come into play 7．A．draw B．master C．possess D．lack 8．A．qualitatively B．tremendously C．initially D．distinctly 9．A．subject B．essential C．equivalent D．invisible 10．A．indifferent B．superior C．close D．familiar 11．A．boomers B．seekers C．models D．geniuses 12．A．finished B．worthwhile C．individual D．intellectual 13．A．ebb and flow B．trial and error C．think and act D．hit and miss 14．A．evolution B．accumulation C．progression D．exploitation 15．A．dragons B．phoenixes C．swans D．peacocks 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．B 4．A 5．D 6．B 7．C 8．A 9．D 10．C 11．D 12．A 13．B 14．B 15．C 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要论述晚成者的价值及晚成的原因。 1．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们的学校系统在人们18岁时就通过分数和SAT成绩将他们分类。A. united联合；B. sorted分类；C. engaged参与；D. labeled贴标签。根据下文“using grades and SAT scores”可知，学校系统通过分数和SAT成绩将学生分类。故选B。 2．考查介词短语辨析。句意：一些像比尔·盖茨或泰勒·斯威夫特这样的成功典范，在很年轻的时候就取得了名声。A. overnight一夜之间；B. by chance偶然；C. late in life在晚年；D. at an early age在年轻的时候。根据前文“Some of these people zoom to prestigious academic launching pads while others get left behind.”以及后文提到的晚成者可知，此处是在说早成者，即年轻时就取得成功的人。故选D。 3．考查动词词义辨析。句意：杂志会刊登像“ 30岁或30岁以下”这样的头条来赞美正在崛起的年轻的超级明星。A. marvel惊叹；B. glorify赞美；C. document记录；D. approve批准。根据下文““Young people are just smarter,” Zuckerberg once declared, a statement that might rank among the most controversial in history.”可知，杂志刊登这样的头条是为了赞美这些年轻的超级明星。故选B。 4．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但对许多人来说，晚年才绽放的才能比早年绽放的才能更有意义。A. consequential有意义的；B. predictable可预测的；C. respectful恭敬的；D. conclusive决定性的。根据空后“than the ones that bloom early”以及后文提到的诺贝尔奖获得者在晚年做出重要发现可知，此处是在说晚年绽放的才能更有意义。故选A。 5．考查动词词义辨析。句意：伊萨克·迪内森在52岁时出版了奠定她文学声誉的书《走出非洲》。A. deserved值得；B. restored恢复；C. saved拯救；D. established建立、奠定。根据下文“but now he is considered one of the greatest writers in the history of the English language”可知，他被认为是英语史上最伟大的作家之一，所以说这本书奠定了她的文学声誉。故选D。 6．考查动词短语辨析。句意：为什么有些人比其他人更晚达到巅峰？A. bounce back反弹；B. hit their peak达到巅峰；C. turn over a new leaf改过自新；D. come into play开始起作用。根据空后“later than others”以及后文提到的晚成者可知，此处是在说为什么有些人比其他人更晚达到巅峰。故选B。 7．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们拥有哪些特质或技能使他们能够晚成？A. draw画；B. master掌握；C. possess拥有；D. lack缺乏。根据下文“It turns out that late bloomers are not simply early bloomers on a delayed timetable — they didn’t just do the things early bloomers did but at a later age.”可知，此处是在说他们拥有哪些特质或技能使他们能够晚成。故选C。 8．考查副词词义辨析。句意：晚成者往往在本质上有所不同，展示出一套与我们当前教育体系大多忽视或劝阻的能力。A. qualitatively本质上；B. tremendously极大地；C. initially最初；D. distinctly明显地。根据下文“displaying a different set of abilities”可知，晚成者与早成者在本质上是截然不同的。故选A。 9．考查形容词词义辨析。句意同上。A. subject受……影响的；B. essential基本的；C. equivalent等价的；D. invisible看不见的，被忽视的。根据空后“to or discouraged by our current education system”可知，晚成者展示的能力大多被当前教育体系忽视或劝阻。故选D。 10．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：卡尔加德写道，晚成者“经常以新颖和意想不到的方式发挥他们的潜力，甚至让那些亲近他们的人都感到惊讶”。A. indifferent漠不关心的；B. superior优越的；C. close亲近的；D. familiar熟悉的。根据空前“surprising even those”以及后文提到的晚成者以新颖和意想不到的方式发挥潜力可知，此处是在说甚至让那些亲近他们的人都感到惊讶。故选C。 11．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这些人不像概念上的天才那样做太多预先计划，但他们把自己的整个生活都视为实验。A. boomers繁荣者；B. seekers寻求者；C. models模范；D. geniuses天才。根据“but they regard their entire lives as experiments”以及前文提到的晚成者与早成者的不同可知，与晚成者对比的是 “天才型早成者”。故选D。 12．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他们的注意力不在于他们完成的作品，他们经常随意地丢弃。A. finished完成的；B. worthwhile值得的；C. individual个人的；D. intellectual智力的。根据下文“which they often toss away haphazardly”可知，他们的注意力不在于完成的作品。故选A。 13．考查名词短语辨析。句意：他们把生活看作是一个漫长的尝试和错误的过程，尝试这个，尝试那个，一个缓慢的积累和完善的过程，所以他们的工作质量在晚年达到顶峰。A. ebb and flow涨落；B. trial and error尝试和错误；C. think and act思考和行动；D. hit and miss碰运气。根据下文“trying this and trying that”可知，他们把生活看作是一个漫长的尝试和错误的过程。故选B。 14．考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。A. evolution进化；B. accumulation积累；C. progression进展；D. exploitation开发。根据空后“and elaboration”以及前文提到的尝试和错误的过程可知，此处是在说这是一个缓慢的积累和完善的过程。故选B。 15．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们是人类成就中的丑小鸭，几十年后，他们变成了天鹅。A. dragons龙；B. phoenixes凤凰；C. swans天鹅；D. peacocks孔雀。根据前文“the ugly ducklings of human achievement”以及“turn themselves into”可知，此处是在说他们从丑小鸭变成了天鹅，象征着从平凡到卓越的转变。根据常识，通常拿丑小鸭和天鹅作对比，来突出华丽的转身，故选C。 Passage 2 （24-25高一上·江苏连云港·期末）I was in middle school when I first experienced anxiety. My parents took me to see a doctor, but it didn’t 16 . I knew I had to turn to something I enjoyed to 17 it. I worked as a 18 of our student newspaper, and I interviewed many students, teachers and graduates. From them I knew that everyone would face the moments of 19 and anxiety. It was 20 for anyone wishing for a full life to suffer anxiety. Last year I 21 an alumnus (校友) who just published a children’s book. She shared how writing helped her 22 the confusion and fear of failure. Her story inspired me to manage my anxiety by 23 . In the beginning, I didn’t know what to write. But as words began to 24 , I began realizing the feelings I’d been pushing down. If I experienced uneasiness (不安), I’d write about it. If I felt 25 for having anxiety, I’d write about it. Writing 26 me to look at the feelings as a third person. As I started to move the pen across the page, I felt 27 and prouder. The actual 28 of what I wrote was less important than writing itself. I realized it had the 29 to calm me down and cleared my mind. Writing has been a 30 that has saved me from anxiety. 16．A．advance B．matter C．work D．attempt 17．A．rise to B．stick to C．look at D．think about 18．A．photographer B．printer C．publisher D．reporter 19．A．anger B．loss C．fear D．fortune 20．A．strange B．satisfactory C．clear D．normal 21．A．approached B．interviewed C．attended D．attracted 22．A．get over B．benefit from C．contribute to D．show off 23．A．singing B．drawing C．writing D．dancing 24．A．break B．skip C．reflect D．flow 25．A．guilty B．happy C．excited D．eager 26．A．stopped B．allowed C．paid D．forbade 27．A．angrier B．stronger C．sicker D．sadder 28．A．angle B．routine C．factor D．content 29．A．power B．knowledge C．idea D．influence 30．A．target B．custom C．gift D．direction 【答案】16．C 17．A 18．D 19．C 20．D 21．B 22．A 23．C 24．D 25．A 26．B 27．B 28．D 29．A 30．C 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。作者中学时首次经历焦虑，看医生无果后，受校报采访的校友启发，通过写作应对焦虑。写作让其正视情绪，带来平静，写作成了摆脱焦虑的良方。 16．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我的父母带我去看了医生，但这并没有起作用。A. advance前进；B. matter要紧；C. work起作用；D. attempt尝试。根据上文“My parents took me to see a doctor, but”可知，父母带作者去看医生，but表示转折，说明看医生并没有起到作用。故选C。 17．考查动词短语辨析。句意：我知道我必须求助于我喜欢的东西来克服它。A. rise to上升到，能够应对；B. stick to坚持；C. look at看；D. think about思考。根据上文“My parents took me to see a doctor, but it didn’t 1 . I knew I had to turn to something I enjoyed to”可知，看医生没有效果，这里表达的是作者要通过自己喜欢的东西来应对焦虑，rise to为固定短语，意为“能够应对”。故选A。 18．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我曾是我们学生报的记者，并且采访了许多学生、老师和毕业生。A. photographer摄影师；B. printer印刷工；C. publisher出版商；D. reporter记者。根据下文“and I interviewed many students, teachers and graduates”可知，作者的工作是采访他人，所以作者曾是学生报的记者。故选D。 19．考查名词词义辨析。句意：从他们那里我知道每个人都会面对恐惧和焦虑的时刻。A. anger愤怒；B. loss损失；C. fear恐惧；D. fortune运气。根据上文“I was in middle school when I first experienced anxiety. (当我第一次经历焦虑时，我还在上中学)”和下文“and anxiety”可知，作者当时正经历焦虑，根据“anxiety”一词可以推测出这里提到的也是一种与焦虑类似的负面情绪。故选C。 20．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：对于任何希望过上充实生活的人来说，遭受焦虑是正常的。A. strange奇怪的；B. satisfactory令人满意的；C. clear清楚的；D. normal正常的。根据上文“From them I knew that everyone would face the moments of 4 and anxiety.”可知，每个人都会面对恐惧和焦虑的时刻，所以，对于希望过上充实生活的人来说，经历焦虑是很正常的事情。故选D。 21．考查动词词义辨析。句意：去年，我采访了一位刚刚出版了一本儿童读物的校友。A. approached接近；B. interviewed采访；C. attended参加；D. attracted吸引。根据上文“I worked as a 3 of our student newspaper”可知，作者是记者，此处表达的是采访了一位校友。故选B。 22．考查动词短语辨析。句意：她分享了写作是如何帮助她克服对失败的困惑和恐惧的。A. get over克服；B. benefit from从……中受益；C. contribute to有助于；D. show off炫耀。根据上文“She shared how writing helped her”和下文“the confusion and fear of failure. Her story inspired me to manage my anxiety”可知，此处表达的是那位校友通过写作克服了对失败的困惑和恐惧。故选A。 23．考查名词词义辨析。句意：她的故事激励我通过写作来管理我的焦虑。A. singing唱歌；B. drawing绘画；C. writing写作；D. dancing跳舞。根据上文“She shared how writing helped her”和下文“In the beginning, I didn’t know what to write. (一开始，我不知道该写什么)”可知，作者受到校友的启发，也选择通过写作来管理焦虑。故选C。 24．考查动词词义辨析。句意：但随着文字开始流淌，我开始意识到那些我一直压抑的情感。A. break打破；B. skip跳过；C. reflect反；D. flow流动。根据上文“In the beginning, I didn’t know what to write.”和“But as words began to”可知，这里表达的是当作者开始写作时，文字开始自然地流淌出来。故选D。 25．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：如果我因为焦虑而感到内疚，我会写下来。A. guilty内疚的；B. happy高兴的；C. excited兴奋的；D. eager渴望的。根据下文“for having anxiety”可知，作者会把自己因为焦虑产生的各种情绪写下来，“guilty (内疚的)”是一种常见的因焦虑而产生的情绪。故选A。 26．考查动词词义辨析。句意：写作让我能够以第三人称的视角看待这些情感。A. stopped停止；B. allowed允许；C. paid支付；D. forbade禁止。根据下文“me to look at the feelings as a third person”可知，写作使作者能够从第三人称的角度去看待自己的情感，allow sb. to do sth.为固定短语，意为“允许某人做某事”。故选B。 27．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当我开始在纸上写字时，我感觉更强大、更自豪了。A. angrier更生气的；B. stronger更强大的；C. sicker更生病的；D. sadder更悲伤的。根据下文“and prouder”可知，这里是说写作带来的积极影响，写作让作者感到更加自豪和强大。故选B。 28．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我写的实际内容不如写作本身重要。A. angle角度；B. routine惯例；C. factor因素；D. content内容。根据下文“of what I wrote was less important than writing itself”可知，这里强调的作者写的具体内容和写作这个行为相比，前者重要性较低。故选D。 29．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我意识到它有让我平静下来、理清思绪的力量。A. power力量；B. knowledge知识；C. idea想法；D. influence影响。根据下文“to calm me down and cleared my mind”可知，此处表达的是写作所带来的平复心情的力量，写作具有让作者平静下来、理清思绪的力量。故选A。 30．考查名词词义辨析。句意：写作是一份礼物，它把我从焦虑中拯救了出来。A. target目标；B. custom习俗；C. gift礼物；D. direction方向。根据下文“that has saved me from anxiety”可知，作者把写作比喻成一份珍贵的礼物，帮助他从焦虑中解脱出来。故选C。 Passage 3 （24-25高一上·河南·期末） I spent my day working as usual. I volunteered for more work so I wouldn’t have time to think about the 31 , which would be posted at 6: 00 pm. At 4: 00 pm, when that proved fruitless, I walked out because I needed some 32 . I walked alongside a farm field nearby, trying to breathe deeply to 33 my anxiety. I made every effort to 34 the beauty of the skies. However, I still 35 all the reasons why it would be a disaster not to 36 the test. In the end, I decided that I had to be on the “Success” list, or I was a 37 . After all, the test came after I had studied 38 for such a long time. Once it was over, I slept for sixteen hours on end. All of a sudden, I realized that I was 39 from being a failure. I had dared to try, and that really 40 . I opened the book after having been a lawyer for about twenty years. I worked hard to 41 a language I was not brought up speaking. So if I succeeded in the test, a new door was going to open, but the person walking through it would be the same 42 woman. When it was 6: 00 pm, I went back to 43 my computer. There it was: “Success.” Yet, 44 , the relief wasn’t in the word itself, but in the understanding that had settled within me during that long walk. The test didn’t 45 me; the courage to try did. 31．A．standards B．results C．replies D．letters 32．A．air B．evidence C．care D．advice 33．A．hide B．feel C．share D．remove 34．A．remember B．appreciate C．maintain D．judge 35．A．thought of B．set down C．gave up D．went after 36．A．fail B．miss C．pass D．take 37．A．lecturer B．lawyer C．beginner D．loser 38．A．tirelessly B．aimlessly C．independently D．impatiently 39．A．different B．far C．separate D．absent 40．A．occurred B．followed C．mattered D．settled 41．A．establish B．preserve C．master D．revise 42．A．determined B．nervous C．responsible D．retired 43．A．cover B．clean C．repair D．check 44．A．similarly B．strangely C．originally D．normally 45．A．beat B．recognize C．define D．disappoint 【答案】31．B 32．A 33．D 34．B 35．A 36．C 37．D 38．A 39．B 40．C 41．C 42．A 43．D 44．B 45．C 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。本文讲述了作者在等待考试成绩发布前的焦虑心情，通过外出散步来缓解压力，并最终意识到勇于尝试才是最重要的。当成绩公布时，作者成功通过考试，但真正让她感到宽慰的是自己敢于面对挑战的勇气。 31．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我自告奋勇多干点活，这样我就没时间去想下午6点会公布的成绩了。A. standards标准；B. results结果；C. replies回复；D. letters信件。根据后文“which would be posted at 6: 00 pm”及“After all, the test came after I had studied  ____8____  for such a long time.”可知，此处指考试的成绩会在下午6点公布。故选B项。 32．考查名词词义辨析。句意：下午4点，当这被证明是徒劳的时候，我走了出去，因为我需要一些空气。A. air空气；B. evidence证据；C. care关心；D. advice建议。根据后文“I walked alongside a farm field nearby, trying to breathe deeply”可知，作者需要一些空气，所以出去走走，呼吸新鲜空气。故选A项。 33．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我沿着附近的一个农田走，试着深呼吸来消除我的焦虑。A. hide隐藏；B. feel感觉；C. share分享；D. remove移除，消除。根据后文“my anxiety”及常识可知，作者通过深呼吸来消除焦虑。故选D项。 34．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我尽力去欣赏天空的美景。A. remember记得；B. appreciate欣赏；C. maintain维持；D. judge判断。根据后文“the beauty of the skies”可知，此处指作者尽力去欣赏天空的美景。故选B项。 35．考查动词短语辨析。句意：然而，我还是想到了所有考试不及格会是一场灾难的理由。A. thought of想到；B. set down写下；C. gave up放弃；D. went after追求。根据后文“all the reasons why it would be a disaster not to”可知，此处指作者还是想到了所有考试不及格会是一场灾难的理由。故选A项。 36．考查动词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. fail不及格；B. miss错过；C. pass通过；D. take带走。根据前文“I still thought of all the reasons”及后文“the test”可知，此处指考试不及格即没有通过考试会是一场灾难的理由。故选C项。 37．考查名词词义辨析。句意：最后，我决定我必须上“成功”名单，否则我就是个失败者。A. lecturer讲师；B. lawyer律师；C. beginner初学者；D. loser失败者。根据前文“I decided that I had to be on the ‘Success’ list”可知，此处指作者决定必须上“成功”名单，与成功者相对应的是“失败者”。故选D项。 38．考查副词词义辨析。句意：毕竟，这次考试是在我如此长时间孜孜不倦地学习之后才进行的。A. tirelessly孜孜不倦地；B. aimlessly漫无目的地；C. independently独立地；D. impatiently不耐烦地。根据前文“After all, the test came”及后文“Once it was over, I slept for sixteen hours on end.”可知，根据考试后长时间的睡眠来得以休息，推断此处指作者为了考试孜孜不倦地准备。故选A项。 39．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：突然，我意识到我与失败相去甚远。A. different不同的；B. far远的；C. separate分开的；D. absent缺席的。根据后文“from being a failure”及“I had dared to try”可知，此处指作者意识到他与失败相去甚远，因为他敢于尝试。be far from意为“远离，远非”。故选B项。 40．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我敢于尝试，那真的很重要。A. occurred发生；B. followed跟随；C. mattered重要；D. settled定居。根据前文“I realized that I was  ____9____  from being a failure”及“I had dared to try”可知，作者意识到他敢于尝试这件事真的很重要。故选C项。 41．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我努力学习掌握一门我没有学过的语言。A. establish建立；B. preserve保存；C. master掌握；D. revise修订。根据前文“I opened the book after having been a lawyer for about twenty years.”和后文“a language I was not brought up speaking.”可知，此处指作者作为律师20年后开始学习一门新语言。故选C项。 42．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：所以，如果我在这次测试中成功了，就会开启一扇新的大门，但走进这扇门的将会是那个同样坚定的女性。A. determined意志坚定的；B. nervous紧张的；C. responsible有责任的；D. retired退休的。根据前文“So if I succeeded in the test, a new door was going to open”及后文“woman”可知，此处指如果作者考试成功，那么这种成功必将是一个意志坚定的女人能够完成的。故选A项。 43．考查动词词义辨析。句意：下午6点，我回去查看我的电脑。A. cover覆盖；B. clean打扫；C. repair修理；D. check检查。根据前文“When it was 6: 00 pm”及后文“my computer”可知，此处指下午6点的时候，作者回去查看电脑上的成绩。故选D项。 44．考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，奇怪的是，释然并不在于这个词本身，而在于在那次长时间的散步中，我已经理解的东西。A. similarly相似地；B. strangely奇怪地；C. originally最初；D. normally正常地。根据后文“the relief wasn’t in the word itself, but in the understanding”可知，此处指释然并不在于成绩这个词本身，而在于作者在那次长时间的散步中理解的东西，这在作者看来很奇怪。故选B项。 45．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这次考试并没有定义我；敢于尝试的勇气做到了。A. beat打败；B. recognize认出；C. define定义；D. disappoint使失望。根据后文“the courage to try did”可知，此处指这次考试并没有定义作者，敢于尝试的勇气却定义了作者，被证明是更重要的。故选C项。 主题01 人与社会——节日文化与传统继承 Passage 1 （24-25高一上·广西柳州·期末） Dear Tina, I’m writing to tell you my favourite season - spring. As a Chinese saying goes, “The whole year’s work starts with 1 .” For our Chinese, spring means the beginning of a whole year’s farming 2 China is an agricultural (农业的) country. 3 , I like everything about spring, such as the Start of Spring. In the last 4 I told you there are 24 solar terms (节气) in China. The Start of Spring, also called Lichun in Chinese, is the first one. In 2023, it 5 on February 4 and ended on February 19. Lichun marks the 6 of winter and the beginning of spring. The weather becomes warmer, and plants start to grow 7 . Also we can find that the daytime is becoming 8 and the night is shorter. We often take part in some interesting activities to 9 the day of Lichun. Welcoming spring To welcome spring, people 10 a picture of the Spring God and show it in their homes. It is said that the God of Spring has the 11 of a human and the body of a bird. Standing up spring eggs According to the Chinese folk (民俗的) culture, 12 you can make an egg stand up on the first day of “Start of Spring”, then you will have good luck in the new year. It’s so 13 , right? “Eating” spring On the day of Lichun, people eat foods related (和……相关) to spring. This is 14 “Eating spring” gets its name. Spring pancakes, spring rolls, or spring vegetables are the most 15 “spring foods” among people of all ages. In a word, I love spring. 1．A．spring B．summer C．autumn D．winter 2．A．so B．because C．although D．but 3．A．At least B．At first C．For example D．In fact 4．A．book B．plan C．email D．party 5．A．looked B．began C．happened D．felt 6．A．end B．past C．time D．history 7．A．even B．still C．only D．again 8．A．hotter B．longer C．bigger D．smaller 9．A．watch B．protect C．celebrate D．save 10．A．enjoy B．find C．draw D．take 11．A．heart B．feet C．mind D．head 12．A．if B．as C．while D．until 13．A．terrible B．important C．interesting D．strange 14．A．when B．how C．where D．what 15．A．boring B．expensive C．terrible D．popular 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．D 4．C 5．B 6．A 7．D 8．B 9．C 10．C 11．D 12．A 13．C 14．B 15．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了作者最喜欢的季节——春天及其相关习俗。 1．考查名词词义辨析。句意：俗话说，“一年之计在于春”。A. spring春天；B. summer夏天；C. autumn秋天；D. winter冬天。根据前文“The whole year’s work starts with”和后文“For our Chinese, spring means the beginning of a whole year’s farming”可知，春天意味着一整年农耕的开始，此处表示一年之计在于春。故选A。 2．考查连词词义辨析。句意：对中国人来说，春天意味着一整年农耕的开始，因为中国是一个农业国家。A. so因此；B. because因为；C. although尽管；D. but但是。根据前文“For our Chinese, spring means the beginning of a whole year’s farming”和后文“China is an agricultural (农业的) country”可知，前后句之间为因果关系，因为中国是一个农业国家，所以春天对中国人来说意味着一整年农耕的开始，本空用because引导原因状语从句。故选B。 3．考查固定短语辨析。句意：事实上，我喜欢春天的一切，比如立春。A. At least至少；B. At first起初；C. For example例如；D. In fact事实上。根据后文“I like everything about spring, such as the Start of Spring”可知，作者喜欢春天的一切，这是作者描述的事实，此处表示事实上，作者喜欢春天的一切。故选D。 4．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在上一封邮件中，我告诉你中国有24个节气。A. book书；B. plan计划；C. email邮件；D. party聚会。根据前文“I’m writing to tell you my favourite season-spring”和“In the last”可知，此处是作者写给Tina的信，所以此处表示在上一封邮件中，作者告诉Tina中国有24个节气。故选C。 5．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在2023年，它开始于2月4日，结束于2月19日。A. looked看；B. began开始；C. happened发生；D. felt感觉。根据后文“on February 4 and ended on February 19”可知，此处表示立春开始于2月4日。故选B。 6．考查名词词义辨析。句意：立春标志着冬天的结束和春天的开始。A. end结束；B. past过去；C. time时间；D. history历史。根据后文“of winter and the beginning of spring”可知，立春标志着冬天的结束和春天的开始。故选A。 7．考查副词词义辨析。句意：天气变暖和了，植物又开始生长了。A. even甚至；B. still仍然；C. only仅仅；D. again又，再次。根据前文“The weather becomes warmer, and plants start to grow”可知，此处表示随着天气变暖，植物又开始生长。故选D。 8．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：此外，我们还可以发现白天变得更长，夜晚更短。A. hotter更热的；B. longer更长的；C. bigger更大的；D. smaller更小的。根据前文“Also we can find that the daytime is becoming”和后文“and the night is shorter”可知，此处表示白天变得更长，夜晚更短。故选B。 9．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们经常参加一些有趣的活动来庆祝立春。A. watch观看；B. protect保护；C. celebrate庆祝；D. save节省。根据前文“Also we can find that the daytime is becoming”和后文“the day of Lichun”可知，此处经常有一些有趣的活动来庆祝立春。故选C。 10．考查动词词义辨析。句意：为了迎接春天，人们画一幅春神的画像，并在家里展示出来。A. enjoy享受；B. find发现；C. draw画；D. take带走。根据后文“a picture of the Spring God”可知，此处表示人们画一幅春神的画像。故选C。 11．考查名词词义辨析。句意：据说春神有人类的头和鸟的身体。A. heart心；B. feet脚；C. mind头脑；D. head头。根据后文“of a human and the body of a bird”可知，此处表示春神有人类的头和鸟的身体。故选D。 12．考查连词词义辨析。句意：根据中国的民俗文化，如果你在“立春”的第一天能让一个鸡蛋竖起来，那么你新的一年就会有好运。A. if如果；B. as当……时候；C. while当……时候；D. until直到。根据后文“you can make an egg stand up on the first day of “Start of Spring”, then you will have good luck in the new year”可知，此处表示如果你在“立春”的第一天能让一个鸡蛋竖起来，那么你新的一年就会有好运，本空用if引导条件状语从句。故选A。 13．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：很有趣，对吧？A. terrible可怕的；B. important重要的；C. interesting有趣的；D. strange奇怪的。根据前文“According to the Chinese folk (民俗的) culture, 12 you can make an egg stand up on the first day of “Start of Spring”, then you will have good luck in the new year”可知，在立春的第一天，如果你能让一个鸡蛋竖起来，那么你新的一年就会有好运，这是一种民俗的说法，作者觉得这种说法很有趣。故选C。 14．考查表语从句。句意：这就是“吃春”如何得名的。A. when当……时候；B. how如何；C. where在哪里；D. what什么。本空引导表语从句，从句缺少“如何”的含义，用how引导。故选B。 15．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：春饼、春卷或春菜是所有年龄段的人最喜欢的“春季食品”。A. boring无聊的；B. expensive昂贵的；C. terrible可怕的；D. popular受欢迎的，最喜欢的。根据后文““spring foods” among people of all ages”及常识可知，春饼、春卷或春菜是所有年龄段的人最喜欢的“春季食品”。故选D。 Passage 2 （24-25高一上·上海·期末） In China, no Spring Festival celebration would be 16 without oranges. The sweet fruit not only adorns decorated homes, but also 17 as a good snack for visitors because it peels easily. The popularity of the fruit during the festive season has a long history. As early as the Qing Dynasty, Chinese parents would 18 fruit like oranges, dates (枣子) or persimmons (柿子) beside their children’s pillows, along with red envelopes under the pillow. The tradition was meant to 19 monsters from folk tales. The children would then eat the fruit upon waking up the next morning. There are many 20 for why oranges have come to be considered such a lucky symbol. A major part of that comes from pronunciation. Some say the Mandarin pronunciation of the fruit “ju” sounds like the word for “ji” (good luck). Others 21 its Cantonese pronunciation “gam,” which is the same as the word “gold.” The Chinese are known for a good amount of “luck talk” during Chinese New Year. The practice is believed to be a sign of good 22 for the rest of the year. Other fruit considered auspicious in Chinese culture include the apple, a homophone for “ 23 ” and the lychee, a homophone for “profit.” 24 , of course, is nearly as popular as the orange during the festival. Besides having an auspicious ring to its name, the reddish golden color and round shape of oranges are also 25 seen as symbols of good luck. They’ve even 26 Chinese art lasting thousands of years. The 27 poem The Orange Tree by the Warring States period poet Qu Yuan sings the praises of a young man, with the fruit and tree as its central metaphor. A letter to a friend by Wang Xizhi, 28 by a gift of oranges, remains the great calligrapher’s most famous passages nearly 2,000 years later. Today, the orange is such a popular fruit that people will shell out for the highest quality ones they can find. Meanwhile, the rest looking to buy regular, 29 oranges usually have to deal with demand-driven price rises during Chinese New Year. The fruit has become practically a(an) 30 for the most important holiday in almost every household in China. 16．A．capable B．complete C．complex D．common 17．A．regards B．creates C．serves D．stands 18．A．supply B．place C．carry D．deliver 19．A．set off B．put off C．ward off D．show off 20．A．explanations B．contributions C．conclusions D．occasions 21．A．attach to B．point to C．contribute to D．object to 22．A．attitude B．fortune C．attempt D．benefit 23．A．bonus B．affair C．advance D．safety 24．A．either B．neither C．something D．everything 25．A．barely B．widely C．causally D．necessarily 26．A．blocked B．inspired C．assembled D．approached 27．A．typical B．ancient C．ordinary D．critical 28．A．adapted B．aroused C．accompanied D．assessed 29．A．autonomous B．affordable C．artificial D．apparent 30．A．alternative B．attempt C．base D．necessity 【答案】16．B 17．C 18．B 19．C 20．A 21．B 22．B 23．D 24．B 25．B 26．B 27．B 28．C 29．B 30．D 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了橘子在中国春节庆祝活动中的重要性及原因。 16．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在中国，没有橘子的春节庆祝活动是不完整的。A. capable有能力的；B. complete完整的；C. complex复杂的；D. common常见的。根据下文“The sweet fruit not only adorns decorated homes, but also _____ as a good snack for visitors because it peels easily.”可知，橘子有装饰作用，还很方便食用，由此可知，橘子是春节必备的水果，没有橘子的春节庆祝活动是不完整的。故选B项。 17．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这种甜美的水果不仅装扮着装饰精美的房屋，而且因为容易去皮，也可用作款待客人的好零食。A. regards把……视为；B. creates创造；C. serves可用作，接待；D. stands站立。根据句中“because it peels easily”可知，橘子容易去皮，由此可知，橘子可用作款待客人的好零食。故选C项。 18．考查动词词义辨析。句意：早在清朝，中国父母就会在孩子的枕头旁放橘子、枣子或柿子等水果，枕头下放红包。A. supply供应；B. place放置；C. carry携带；D. deliver递送。根据句中“along with red envelopes under the pillow”可知，中国父母在孩子的枕头下放红包，由此可知，他们把橘子、枣子或柿子等水果放置在孩子的枕头旁。故选B项。 19．考查动词短语辨析。句意：这个传统是为了避开民间故事中的怪物。A. set off启程；B. put off推迟；C. ward off避开；D. show off炫耀。根据句中“monsters from folk tales”和中国传统文化可知，把橘子、枣子或柿子等水果放置在孩子的枕头旁是为了避开民间故事中的怪物。故选C项。 20．考查名词词义辨析。句意：对于为什么橘子被认为是如此幸运的象征，有很多解释。A. explanations解释；B. contributions贡献；C. conclusions结论；D. occasions时机。根据下文“A major part of that comes from pronunciation.”可知，橘子被认为是幸运的象征的部分原因是它的发音，由此可知，下文在解释为什么橘子被认为是幸运的象征。故选A项。 21．考查动词短语辨析。句意：其他人则指出它的广东话发音“gam”，与“gold (金子)”一词相同。A. attach to附加到；B. point to指出（问题或事实）；C. contribute to有助于；D. object to反对。根据句中“its Cantonese pronunciation “gam,” which is the same as the word “gold.””可知，橘子的广东话发音也是它被认为是幸运的象征的原因，由此可知，其他人指出了这个原因。故选B项。 22．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这种做法被认为是今年剩余时间好运的征兆。A. attitude态度；B. fortune运气；C. attempt尝试；D. benefit益处。根据上文“The Chinese are known for a good amount of “luck talk” during Chinese New Year.”和中国文化可知，中国人在春节期间说大量的“吉利话”，这种做法是为了今年能有好运气。故选B项。 23．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在中国文化中，其他被视为吉祥的水果包括苹果和荔枝，苹果是“平安”的谐音，荔枝是“利润”的谐音。A. bonus奖金；B. affair事件；C. advance进步；D. safety平安。根据句中“apple”和中国文化可知，“apple”的中文发音是“苹果”，是“平安”的谐音，所以被视为吉祥的水果。故选D项。 24．考查代词词义辨析。句意：当然，这两种水果在节日期间都不如橙子受欢迎。A. either（两者中的）任何一个；B. neither两者都不；C. something某物，某事；D. everything每件事。根据上文“In China, no Spring Festival celebration would be _____ without oranges.”和中国文化可知，橘子是春节期间必不可少的水果，由此可知，苹果和荔枝都不如它受欢迎，“neither”意为“两者都不”，符合语境。故选B项。 25．考查副词词义辨析。句意：除了名字有一个吉祥的特点外，橘子的红金色和圆形也被广泛认为是好运的象征。A. barely几乎不；B. widely广泛地；C. causally有原因地；D. necessarily必要地。根据上文“In China, no Spring Festival celebration would be _____ without oranges.”和中国文化可知，橘子是春节期间必不可少的水果，由此可知，因为它的颜色和形状，它被广泛认为是好运的象征。故选B项。 26．考查动词词义辨析。句意：它们甚至激励延续数千年的中国艺术。A. blocked阻塞；B. inspired激励；C. assembled组装；D. approached接近。根据下文“The _____ poem The Orange Tree by the Warring States period poet Qu Yuan sings the praises of a young man, with the fruit and tree as its central metaphor.”可知，屈原的古诗《橘颂》是以橘喻人，由此可知，橘子激励了中国艺术。故选B项。 27．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：战国诗人屈原的古诗《橘颂》歌颂了一个年轻人，以水果和树为中心隐喻。A. typical典型的；B. ancient古代的；C. ordinary普通的；D. critical关键的。根据句中“The Orange Tree by the Warring States period poet Qu Yuan”可知，《橘颂》是战国诗人屈原的诗，由此可知，这是一首古代的诗歌。故选B项。 28．考查动词词义辨析。句意：王羲之给朋友的一封信，伴随着一份橘子礼物，近2000年后，仍然是这位伟大书法家最著名的文章。A. adapted适应；B. aroused激起；C. accompanied伴随；D. assessed评估。根据句中“A letter to a friend by Wang Xizhi, _____ by a gift of oranges”可知，句中涉及的是王羲之的《奉橘贴》，是王羲之给朋友的一封信，伴随着一份橘子礼物。故选C项。 29．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：与此同时，其他希望购买普通的、买得起的橘子的人通常不得不应对中国新年期间需求驱动的价格上涨。A. autonomous自主的；B. affordable买得起的；C. artificial人造的；D. apparent显而易见的。根据句中“regular”可知，有些人希望买的买普通、买得起的橘子，所以要应对价格上涨问题。故选B项。 30．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这种水果几乎已经成为中国每个家庭最重要节日的必需品。A. alternative可选择的事物；B. attempt尝试；C. base基础；D. necessity必需品。根据上文可知，在中国，没有橘子的春节庆祝活动是不完整的，由此可知，它几乎已经成为中国每个家庭最重要节日的必需品。故选D项。 Passage 3 （24-25高一上·河北沧州·期末） Even at 80, Mei continues to patrol (巡逻) the Shixiaguan section of the Great Wall. He lives in Shixia, a village located near the Great Wall. He has a(n) 31 for the wall. In 1979, Mei returned to his hometown and was 32 to see the wall damaged. Some villagers had even taken 33 from the wall to build houses. Determined to 34 the wall, Mei volunteered as a guardian (保护者), patrolling 20 km daily to 35 people doing so. In 1984, a Great Wall protection activity was 36 in Beijing, which inspired the villagers. Many returned the bricks. In 2006, Mei 37 a local volunteer protection union, with most of 38 becoming guardians. Inspired by Mei, his niece Liu, followed in his footsteps and 39 became a Great Wall guardian. “It is my 40 to protect cultural heritage,” she says. China has made a(n) 41 to protect the Great Wall. Between 2015 and 2023, 289 protection projects were 42 , and over 6,800 guardians nationwide are now 43 . Advanced technologies, such as drones (无人驾驶飞机), have also been 44 for protection. Although the Shixiaguan section is not yet open to the public, Mei hopes the 45 can attract more people to join the protection. 31．A．need B．affection C．reason D．gift 32．A．glad B．ready C．shocked D．likely 33．A．supplies B．bricks C．doors D．pipes 34．A．preserve B．identify C．paint D．build 35．A．observe B．keep C．imagine D．prevent 36．A．passed B．forced C．stopped D．buried 37．A．replaced B．protested C．established D．solved 38．A．locals B．experts C．athletes D．parents 39．A．secretly B．fluently C．gradually D．illegally 40．A．tradition B．responsibility C．proposal D．ability 41．A．mistake B．trap C．symbol D．effort 42．A．agreed B．discovered C．explained D．improved 43．A．growing B．working C．competing D．traveling 44．A．looked forward to B．taken control of C．made use of D．put up with 45．A．heritage B．destination C．video D．brochure 【答案】31．B 32．C 33．B 34．A 35．D 36．A 37．C 38．A 39．C 40．B 41．D 42．A 43．B 44．C 45．A 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了梅先生坚持巡逻保护家乡附近的长城。 31．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他对长城有一种喜爱。A. need需要；B. affection喜爱；C. reason原因；D. gift礼物。根据上文“Even at 80, Mei continues to patrol (巡逻) the Shixiaguan section of the Great Wall.”可知，即使在80岁的时候，梅仍然在石峡关长城巡逻，说明他对长城有喜爱之情。故选B。 32．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：1979年，梅回到家乡，看到长城被毁，感到震惊。A. glad高兴的；B. ready准备好的；C. shocked震惊的；D. likely可能的。根据下文“to see the wall damaged”可知，看到长城被毁，梅感到震惊。故选C。 33．考查名词词义辨析。句意：一些村民甚至从长城上取下砖块来建房子。A. supplies供应品；B. bricks砖块；C. doors门；D. pipes管道。根据下文“from the wall to build houses”和“Many returned the bricks”可知，许多村民归还了砖块，说明他们之前从长城上取下过砖块来建房子。故选B。 34．考查动词词义辨析。句意：梅决心保护长城，自愿成为守护者，每天巡逻20公里，以防止人们这样做。A. preserve保护；B. identify识别；C. paint绘画；D. build建造。根据下文“Mei volunteered as a guardian (保护者)”可知，梅自愿成为守护者，目的是保护长城。故选A。 35．考查动词词义辨析。句意：梅决心保护长城，自愿成为守护者，每天巡逻20公里，以防止人们这样做。A. observe观察；B. keep保持；C. imagine想象；D. prevent阻止。根据上文“Some villagers had even taken 3 from the wall to build houses”可知，一些村民从长城上取下砖块来建房子，梅作为守护者，目的是阻止人们这样做。故选D。 36．考查动词词义辨析。句意：1984年，北京通过了一项长城保护活动，激发了村民们的热情。A. passed通过；B. forced强迫；C. stopped停止；D. buried埋葬。根据上文“a Great Wall protection activity”可知，北京通过了一项长城保护活动。故选A。 37．考查动词词义辨析。句意：2006年，梅成立了一个当地志愿者保护联盟，其中大部分当地人成为守护者。A. replaced取代；B. protested抗议；C. established建立，成立；D. solved解决。根据下文“a local volunteer protection union”可知，梅成立了一个当地志愿者保护联盟。故选C。 38．考查名词词义辨析。句意：2006年，梅成立了一个当地志愿者保护联盟，其中大部分当地人成为守护者。A. locals当地人；B. experts专家；C. athletes运动员；D. parents父母。根据上文“In 2006, Mei 7 a local volunteer protection union”可知，梅成立了一个当地志愿者保护联盟，所以这里的指的是大部分当地人成为守护者。故选A。 39．考查副词词义辨析。句意：受梅的启发，他的侄女刘也追随他的脚步，逐渐成为一名长城守护者。A. secretly秘密地；B. fluently流利地；C. gradually逐渐地；D. illegally非法地。根据上文“Inspired by Mei, his niece Liu, followed in his footsteps”可知，受梅的启发，他的侄女刘也追随他的脚步，说明她是逐渐成为一名长城守护者的。故选C。 40．考查名词词义辨析。句意：她说：“保护文化遗产是我的责任。”A. tradition传统；B. responsibility责任；C. proposal提议；D. ability能力。根据上文“followed in his footsteps and 9 became a Great Wall guardian”可知，刘追随梅的脚步，逐渐成为一名长城守护者，说明她认为保护文化遗产是她的责任。故选B。 41．考查名词词义辨析。句意：中国已经努力保护长城。A. mistake错误；B. trap陷阱；C. symbol象征；D. effort努力。根据下文“to protect the Great Wall. Between 2015 and 2023, 289 protection projects were”可知，在2015年至2023年期间，实施了289个保护项目，说明中国已经努力保护长城。故选D。 42．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在2015年至2023年期间，289个保护项目被批准。A. agreed批准；B. discovered发现；C. explained解释；D. improved提高。根据上文“Between 2015 and 2023, 289 protection projects were”可知，中国已经努力保护长城，所以这里表示289个保护项目被批准。故选A。 43．考查动词词义辨析。句意：目前，全国已有6800多名守护者正在工作。A. growing成长；B. working工作；C. competing竞争；D. traveling旅行。根据上文“and over 6,800 guardians nationwide”可知，全国已有6800多名守护者，他们正在工作，保护长城。故选B。 44．考查动词短语辨析。句意：无人机等先进技术也被用于保护。A. looked forward to期待；B. taken control of控制；C. made use of利用；D. put up with忍受。根据上文“Advanced technologies, such as drones (无人驾驶飞机), have also been”可知，无人机等先进技术也被用于保护长城。故选C。 45．考查名词词义辨析。句意：虽然石峡关段尚未向公众开放，但梅希望这个遗产能够吸引更多人加入保护。A. heritage遗产；B. destination目的地；C. video视频；D. brochure小册子。根据上文“the Shixiaguan section of the Great Wall”和下文“can attract more people to join the protection”可知，这里指的是长城的石峡关段，是文化遗产，所以这里表示梅希望这个遗产能够吸引更多人加入保护。故选A。 主题02 人与自我——自我成长与自我认知 Passage 1 （24-25高一上·江西宜春·期末） Li Ying comes from a small village in Jiangxi Province. She is the best women’s soccer player in her university. When she was little, she was very good at 1 . She loved to compete against boys who were fast and 2 . This made her a better player. When Li Ying was 9 years old, she started playing 3 . Her PE teacher thought she was so 4 that he introduced her to the school soccer team. A year later, she was made the 5 of the team because she played the best. She started to push herself more and 6 as much as possible. Li Ying didn’t 7 any soccer match and went to the sports field every day. Although she was 8 , she worked hard for what she really wanted. Li Ying 9 that practice makes perfect. So she kept doing the same move 10 she got it right. Li Ying was the “Best Player of School” for three years 11 her amazing skills. At the age of 18, Li Ying competed in her last season before graduation. She trained even 12 , and their team won many matches. At last, their team played against Red Star Team. Li Ying’s team was not playing very well at the start, but they didn’t 13 . They worked well as a team and kept fighting till the last minute.Finally, Li Ying led her team to 14 the game. Now Li Ying volunteers to teach young girls soccer in her village every summer holiday. She wants 15 to love sports. She often says, “Everything is possible. Just go for it!” Thanks to Li Ying, more and more young girls fall in love with soccer and sports. 1．A．poems B．sports C．speech D．housework 2．A．pretty B．funny C．lucky D．strong 3．A．soccer B．tennis C．volleyball D．basketball 4．A．good B．busy C．quiet D．outgoing 5．A．cook B．nurse C．leader D．cleaner 6．A．ate B．slept C．walked D．practiced 7．A．like B．miss C．finish D．remember 8．A．shy B．angry C．moved D．tired 9．A．hated B．forgot C．believed D．answered 10．A．if B．but C．until D．since 11．A．because of B．instead of C．in need of D．in control of 12．A．less B．harder C．worse D．higher 13．A．stand up B．wake up C．give up D．stay up 14．A．win B．start C．watch D．report 15．A．her B．you C．him D．them 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．A 4．A 5．C 6．D 7．B 8．D 9．C 10．C 11．A 12．B 13．C 14．A 15．D 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述李颖从小擅长运动，9岁开始踢足球，勤奋练习成为校队队长，带领球队获胜，现教乡村女孩踢球，鼓励大家追梦。 1．考查名词词义辨析。句意：她小时候很擅长体育运动。A. poems诗歌；B. sports体育运动；C. speech演讲；D. housework家务。根据上文“She is the best women’s soccer player in her university”可知，李颖在体育领域表现出色，因此可推断小时候就擅长体育运动，sports符合语境。故选B项。 2．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她喜欢和速度快且强壮的男孩竞争。A. pretty漂亮的；B. funny有趣的；C. lucky幸运的；D. strong强壮的。根据上文“compete against boys who were fast and”以及常识可知，在体育竞技场景中，与女孩相比，男孩在力量方面通常更具优势，再结合她热爱竞争并借此提升自己的表述，strong更能体现与之竞争的男孩的特点，符合语境。故选D项。 3．考查名词词义辨析。句意：李颖9岁时开始踢足球。A. soccer足球；B. tennis网球；C. volleyball排球；D. basketball篮球。依据下文“he introduced her to the school soccer team”可知，这里明确指出她被介绍到学校足球队，所以此处应是9岁开始踢足球，soccer是原词复现。故选A项。 4．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她的体育老师认为她很优秀，于是把她介绍到学校足球队。A. good优秀的；B. busy忙碌的；C. quiet安静的；D. outgoing外向的。根据下文“he introduced her to the school soccer team”可知，老师将她推荐到足球队，通常是基于她在足球方面展现出优秀的特质，good能合理说明被推荐的原因，符合语境。故选A项。 5．考查名词词义辨析。句意：一年后，因为她踢得最好，被选为球队队长。A. cook厨师；B. nurse护士；C. leader队长；D. cleaner清洁工。根据下文“because she played the best”以及常识可知，在球队中，表现最为出色的队员往往会承担领导角色，所以这里指她成为了队长，leader符合语境。故选C项。 6．考查动词词义辨析。句意：她开始更多地鞭策自己，尽可能多地练习。A. ate吃；B. slept睡；C. walked走；D. practiced练习。根据上文“She started to push herself more”以及语境可知，李颖为了提升球技，自然是尽可能多地练习，practiced符合语境。故选D项。 7．考查动词词义辨析。句意：李颖没有错过任何一场足球比赛，每天都去运动场。A. like喜欢；B. miss错过；C. finish完成；D. remember记得。根据下文 “went to the sports field every day”可以看出她对足球的投入和积极态度，由此推断她不会错过比赛，miss符合语境。故选B项。 8．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：虽然很累，但她为自己真正想要的东西而努力。A. shy害羞的；B. angry生气的；C. moved感动的；D. tired疲惫的。根据下文“she worked hard for what she really wanted”以及Although表转折可知，这里指坚持每天练习和参加比赛，身体上必然会感到疲惫，tired符合这种因高强度运动而产生的状态描述。故选D项。 9．考查动词词义辨析。句意：李颖相信熟能生巧。A. hated 讨厌；B. forgot 忘记；C. believed 相信；D. answered 回答。根据下文“So she kept doing the same move until she got it right.”可知， 李颖不断重复练习同一动作直至正确，这一行为体现出她对“熟能生巧”理念的践行，即她相信这一理念，believed符合语境。故选C项。 10．考查连词词义辨析。句意：所以她不断地做同一个动作，直到做对为止。A. if如果；B. but但是；C. until直到；D. since自从。根据下文“she got it right”以及语境可知，从逻辑关系看，“kept doing the same move”的目的是“got it right”，until表示动作持续到某一结果出现，符合这种语境下的逻辑关系。故选C项。 11．考查介词短语辨析。句意：由于她惊人的球技，李颖连续三年获得“校级最佳球员”称号。A. because of因为；B. instead of代替；C. in need of需要；D. in control of控制。根据下文“her amazing skills”以及语境可知，“获得“校级最佳球员”称号”与“她惊人的球技”之间是因果关系，because of用于引出原因，符合语境。故选A项。 12．考查副词比较级辨析。句意：她训练得更刻苦了，她们队赢了很多比赛。A. less更少；B. harder更刻苦；C. worse更糟；D. higher更高。根据下文“their team won many matches” 可知，球队成绩提升，通常成绩提升与训练强度增加相关，所以她应是训练得更刻苦了，harder符合语境。故选B项。 13．考查动词短语辨析。句意：李颖的球队一开始踢得不太好，但她们没有放弃。A. stand up站起来；B. wake up醒来；C. give up放弃；D. stay up熬夜。根据下文“kept fighting till the last minute”可知，球队一直在坚持战斗，说明没有放弃，give up符合语境。故选C项。 14．考查动词词义辨析。句意：最后，李颖带领她的球队赢得了比赛。A. win赢得；B. start开始；C. watch观看；D. report报告。根据上文“They worked well as a team and kept fighting till the last minute”可知，前文提到球队一直努力，坚持到最后，这种努力通常会导向积极结果，即赢得比赛，win符合语境。故选A项。 15．考查代词词义辨析。句意：她想让她们热爱运动。A. her她；B. you你；C. him他；D. them她们。根据上文“Now Li Ying volunteers to teach young girls soccer in her village every summer holiday”以及语境可知，此处指代前文“young girls”，用them符合语境。故选D项。 Passage 2 （24-25高一上·江西赣州·期末） One of my clients (客户) recently revealed that his wife was of the opinion that he shouldn’t hire a coach to help him create a more 16 life; he should be able to do it by himself. Has anyone ever said something 17 to you? Or perhaps you have said it to yourself? When I talk to people about making changes in their life, they would 18 say something like “but shouldn’t I do this 19 ? However, the opposite is 20 . The most successful people get as much help as they need to 21 their goal. Take Ellen MacArthur for example, the fastest female and youngest sailor to race around the world solo, non-stop. While she 22 around the world by herself, she also had advisors, trainers, sponsors, and a support team to help her. She once said, “It’s always been about a 23 , so I have to thank my partners, friends, and supporters. 24 them, I would be nowhere.” Many people 25 that “if you have help to achieve something then it 26 that achievement”. It is a common 27 , however, and one that I would 28 you to stay away from. So next time you hear a phrase like “you should do it on your own”, either from someone else or in your head, 29 yourself immediately that it is not helpful and focus on 30 the help you need to get to where you want to go. 16．A．convenient B．normal C．successful D．balanced 17．A．special B．confusing C．similar D．boring 18．A．seldom B．always C．even D．never 19．A．on my way B．right away C．on my own D．as usual 20．A．basic B．true C．strange D．necessary 21．A．support B．consider C．achieve D．establish 22．A．flew B．sailed C．swam D．cycled 23．A．dream B．belief C．team D．community 24．A．Without B．Through C．Beyond D．Despite 25．A．ignore B．believe C．forget D．admit 26．A．earns B．celebrates C．measures D．reduces 27．A．knowledge B．practice C．difference D．misunderstanding 28．A．allow B．advise C．help D．force 29．A．promise B．satisfy C．remind D．prove 30．A．returning B．avoiding C．offering D．seeking 【答案】16．C 17．C 18．B 19．C 20．B 21．C 22．B 23．C 24．A 25．B 26．D 27．D 28．B 29．C 30．D 【导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章主要讲述了人们总是会误解，认为因为得到帮助而做成的事情，就会减少自己的成就，而事实并非如此，成功的人往往会尽可能得到更多的帮助。 16．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我的一个客户最近透露，他的妻子认为他不应该雇一个教练来帮助他创造更成功的生活；他应该能自己做这件事。A. convenient方便的；B. normal正常的；C. successful成功的；D. balanced均衡的。根据下文“The most successful people get as much help as they need”可知，此处讨论的是想要成功（successful）是否应当求助他人。故选C项。 17．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：有人跟你说过类似的话吗？A. special特殊的；B. confusing令人困惑的；C. similar相似的；D. boring无聊的。根据下文“Or perhaps you have said it to yourself?”可知，这与空处内容一致，都是在询问，第一段介绍的场景，你是否有类似的（similar）经历。故选C项。 18．考查副词词义辨析。句意：当我和人们谈论如何改变他们的生活时，他们总是会说这样的话：“难道我不应该自己做吗？” A. seldom很少；B. always总是；C. even甚至；D. never从不。根据下文“say something like “but shouldn’t I do this　　　4　　 ?””可知，这是人们常有（always）的回答。故选B项。 19．考查介词短语辨析。句意：当我和人们谈论如何改变他们的生活时，他们总是会说这样的话：“难道我不应该自己做吗？”A. on my way在路途中；B. right away立刻；C. on my own独自一人；D. as usual像往常一样。根据上文“he should be able to do it by himself”可知，on my own与by himself呼应。故选C项。 20．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然而，事实恰恰相反。A. basic基本的；B. true真的；C. strange奇怪的；D. necessary必要的。根据下文“The most successful people get as much help as they need”可知，此处指的是事实情况并非前文说的那样（无需任何帮助，自己取得成功），即与事实情况相反的现实才是对的，成功的人往往会用尽一切办法获得帮助，而不是只靠自己。故选B项。 21．考查动词词义辨析。句意：最成功的人在实现目标的过程中会得到尽可能多的帮助。A. support支持；B. consider考虑；C. achieve实现；D. establish建立。根据空后“their goal”可知，此处是指实现（achieve）目标。故选C项。 22．考查动词词义辨析。句意：当她独自航游世界时，她也有顾问、教练、赞助商和一个支持团队来帮助她。A. flew飞；B. sailed航行；C. swam游泳；D. cycled骑自行车。根据上文“the fastest female and youngest sailor”可知，她是水手，所以空处是指航游（sailed）世界。故选B项。 23．考查名词词义辨析。句意：她曾经说过：“这一直是一个团队，所以我必须感谢我的合作伙伴、朋友和支持者。A. dream梦想；B. belief信仰；C. team团队；D. community社区。根据下文“so I have to thank my partners, friends, and supporters.”可知，她很感谢她团队（team）的支持和陪伴。故选C项。 24．考查介词词义辨析。句意：没有他们，我将一事无成。A. Without没有；B. Through通过；C. Beyond超过；D. Despite尽管。根据下文“I would be nowhere.”可知，此处在继续阐述团队的重要性，没有（Without）他们，她将一事无成。故选A项。 25．考查动词词义辨析。句意：许多人相信“如果你在别人的帮助下完成某件事，那么它就会降低你的成就”。A. ignore忽视；B. believe相信；C. forget忘记；D. admit承认。根据下文“if you have help to achieve something then it 　　11　　that achievement”可知，这是人们常有的误解，认为或者是相信（believe）接受别人帮助是不好的事情。故选B项。 26．考查动词词义辨析。句意：许多人相信“如果你在别人的帮助下完成某件事，那么它就会降低你的成就”。A. earns赚得；B. celebrates庆祝；C. measures测量；D. reduces降低。根据本处语境可知，空处指的是人们的错误理念，也就是获得别人的帮助会降低（reduces）自己的成就。故选D项。 27．考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，这是一个常见的误解，我建议你远离它。A. knowledge知识；B. practice练习；C. difference差异；D. misunderstanding误解。根据下文“and one that I would 　　13　　　you to stay away from”可知，作者希望大家远离的，应该是指误解（misunderstanding）。故选D项。 28．考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，这是一个常见的误解，我建议你远离它。A. allow允许；B. advise建议；C. help帮助；D. force逼迫。根据下文“you to stay away from”可知，此处是指作者建议（advise）远离这种误解。故选B项。 29．考查动词词义辨析。句意：所以，下次当你听到“你应该自己做”这样的话，无论是从别人那里还是在你的脑海里，立即提醒自己这是没有用的，并集中精力寻求帮助，以达到你想去的地方。A. promise承诺；B. satisfy使满意；C. remind提醒；D. prove证明。根据上文“So next time you hear a phrase like “you should do it on your own””可知，如果下次听到或者自己脑海中出现这样的偏见时，我们要立刻提醒（remind）自己远离这种想法。故选C项。 30．考查动词词义辨析。句意：所以，下次当你听到“你应该自己做”这样的话，无论是从别人那里还是在你的脑海里，立即提醒自己这是没有用的，并集中精力寻求帮助，以达到你想去的地方。A. returning归还；B. avoiding避免；C. offering提供；D. seeking寻求。根据上文“The most successful people get as much help as they need”可知，作者赞成我们寻求（seeking）帮助来达成目标。故选D项。 Passage 3 （24-25高一上·河北保定·期末） People often say that “failure is the mother of success”. This cliché might have some truth to it but it 31 tells us how to actually turn a loss into a win, says Emmanuel Manalo, a professor of educational psychology at Kyoto University in Japan. As a result, he says, “We know we shouldn’t give up when we fail - but 32 we do.” Manalo and Manu Kapur, a professor of learning sciences at the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich, put together a special issue of the journal Thinking Skills and Creativity last December on 33 failure. The issue’s 15 studies provide teachers and educational researchers with a guide for 34 success. One study reported, for example, that the sooner and more often students fail at a task such as building a robot, the sooner they can 35 and improve. Another confirmed that feedback on failures is most 36 when the giver comes across as caring, and the receiver is prepared to weather negative emotions. Manalo and his co-authors also contributed their own study focused on overcoming one fundamental, everyday form of failure: not 37 a task. They asked 131 undergraduates to write an essay about their school experiences. Half of the students received 38 for structuring their writing, and half were left to their own devices. All, however, were 39 before finishing. Afterward, the researchers found that those in the structured group were more motivated to complete their essays, compared with those who lacked guidance - even if the latter were 40 to being done. Knowing how to finish, 41 , was more important than being close to finishing. The researchers named this finding “the Hemingway effect” for the author’s self-reported 42 to stop writing only when he knew what would happen next in the story - so as to avoid writer’s block when he returned to the page. Manalo believes that leaning how to fail temporarily can help people avoid becoming 43 failures at many tasks, such as completing a dissertation, learning a language or inventing a new technology. Demystifying failure and teaching students not to 44 it make goals more attainable, says Stephanie Couch, executive director of the Lemelson-MIT Program, a nonprofit organization dedicated to developing and supporting inventors. Couch, whose work was also featured in the special issue, 45 that we “should really be thinking of failure as part of a process of iterating toward success.” 31．A．hardly B．vividly C．undoubtedly D．intentionally 32．A．by contrast B．in reality C．with question D．after all 33．A．benefiting from B．accounting for C．contributing to D．running into 34．A．celebrating B．evaluating C．achieving D．predicting 35．A．dash backward B．stand by C．run away D．move forward 36．A．instant B．constructive C．informal D．sincere 37．A．completing B．reporting C．handling D．assigning 38．A．instructions B．approval C．grants D．training 39．A．stopped B．examined C．signaled D．guided 40．A．closer B．subject C．devoted D．crucial 41．A．nevertheless B．moreover C．in other words D．in particular 42．A．reluctance B．eagerness C．tendency D．ability 43．A．inevitable B．permanent C．worthwhile D．perceived 44．A．comprehend B．fear C．overcome D．pursue 45．A．doubts B．recalls C．adds D．challenges 【答案】31．A 32．B 33．A 34．C 35．D 36．B 37．A 38．A 39．A 40．A 41．C 42．C 43．B 44．B 45．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项关于如何将失败转变为成功的研究。 31．考查副词词义辨析。句意：日本京都大学教育心理学教授伊曼纽尔·马纳洛(Emmanuel Manalo)说，这个陈词滥调可能有些道理，但它几乎不能告诉我们如何真正地把失败变成胜利。 A. hardly几乎不；B. vividly生动地；C. undoubtedly无疑地；D. intentionally故意地。根据上文“This cliché might have some truth to it but(这个陈词滥调可能有些道理，但是)”可知，此处与上文是转折关系，所以此处用hardly表示“几乎不”能告诉我们如何把失败变成胜利，符合语境。故选A项。 32．考查介词短语辨析。句意：因此，他说，“我们知道失败时不应该放弃——但实际上我们确实放弃了。”A. by contrast相比之下；B. in reality事实上；C. with question带着疑问；D. after all毕竟。分析句意再根据空格前的but可知，此处与上文是转折关系，所以用in reality表示“事实上”我们确实放弃了，符合语境。故选B项。 33．考查名词词义辨析。句意：去年12月，马纳洛和瑞士苏黎世联邦理工学院(Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich)的学习科学教授马努·卡普尔(Manu Kapur)在《思维技能与创造力》(Thinking Skills and Creativity)杂志上合编了一期从失败中获益的特刊。A. benefiting from受益于；B. accounting for解释、占比；C. contributing to有助于；D. running into撞上、遭遇。根据下文“The issue’s 15 studies provide teachers and educational researchers with a guide(该问题的15项研究为教师和教育研究人员提供了指南)”可知，这个特刊是从失败中“受益”的特刊，所以此处在介词on后用benefiting from表示“受益于”符合语境。故选A项。 34．考查动名词词义辨析。句意：该问题的15项研究为教师和教育研究人员获得成功提供了指南。A. celebrating庆祝；B. evaluating评估；C. achieving实现；D. predicting预测。根据空格前的guide和空格后的success可知，介词for后面用achieving表示“实现”成功，符合语境。故选C项。 35．考查动词短语辨析。句意：例如，一项研究报告称，学生在制造机器人等任务中失败得越快、次数越频繁，他们就能越早进步和提高。A. dash backward落后；B. stand by袖手旁观；C. run away跑开、逃走；D. move forward前进、进步。此处用move forward表“进步”与and后面的improve构成并列关系。故选D项。 36．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：另一项研究证实，对于失败的反馈，当给予者表现出关怀，接受者准备好承受负面情绪时，是最有建设性的。A. instant立刻的；B. constructive建设性的；C. informal非正式的；D. sincere诚挚的。根据下文的“when the giver comes across as caring, and the receiver is prepared to weather negative emotions.(当给予者表现出关怀，接受者准备好经受负面情绪)”可知，这种情况下是最佳状态，即是有建设性意义的。故选B项。 37．考查动名词词义辨析。句意：Manalo和他的合著者也贡献了他们自己的研究，专注于克服一种基本的、日常形式的失败：没有完成任务。A. completing完成；B. reporting报告；C. handling处理；D. assigning分配。根据上文的everyday form of failure可知，这是一种失败，所以此处用completing与前面的not连用表示“没有完成”任务，符合语境。故选A项。 38．考查名词词义辨析。句意：其中一半的学生接受了关于写作结构的指导，另一半则由他们自己决定。A. instructions指导、说明；B. approval赞同；C. grants津贴；D. training培训。根据下文的“structuring their writing(构建他们的写作)”可知，此处应该是指导构建写作，所以此处用instructions表示接受“指导”符合语境。故选A项。 39．考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，所有这些在完成之前都被叫停了。A. stopped停止；B. examined检查；C. signaled发信号；D. guided指导。根据上文的 however可知，此处是表转折，所以此处用stopped表示“被叫停”符合语境。故选A项。 40．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：之后，研究人员发现，与缺乏指导的人相比，结构化组的人更有动力完成他们的论文——即使后者更接近完成。A. closer靠近的；B. subject主题；C. devoted热衷的；D. crucial至关重要的。根据even if 可知，即使后者更“接近”完成。故选A项。 41．考查副词和连词辨析。句意：换句话说，知道如何完成比接近完成更重要。A. nevertheless然而、不过；B. moreover此外、而且；C. in other words换句话说；D. in particular尤其、特别。分析句式结构可知，此处是插入语，再分析句意，此处用in other words表示“换句话说”符合语境。故选C项。 42．考查名词词义辨析。句意：研究人员将这一发现命名为“海明威效应”，因为作者自我报告称，只有当他知道故事接下来会发生什么时，他才会有停止写作的倾向，从而避免当他回到页面时出现写作障碍。 A. reluctance不情愿、勉强；B. eagerness渴望、热心；C. tendency趋势、倾向；D. ability能力。根据下文“when he knew what would happen next in the story(当他知道故事接下来会发生什么时)”可知，此处指发展趋势和倾向，所以用tendency表示停止写作的“倾向”，符合语境。故选C项。 43．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：马纳洛认为，学习如何暂时失败可以帮助人们避免在许多任务中成为永久性的失败，比如完成论文、学习一门语言或发明一项新技术。A. inevitable不可避免的；B. permanent永久的；C. worthwhile值得做的；D. perceived感知到的。根据下文“failures at many tasks, such as completing a dissertation, learning a language or inventing a new technology.(在许多任务上的失败，比如完成论文、学习一门语言或发明一项新技术)”可知，这些是永久性的失败，所以此处用 permanent表示“永久的”符合语境，故选B项。 44．考查动词词义辨析。句意：勒梅尔森-麻省理工项目(Lemelson-MIT Program)的执行董事斯蒂芬妮·库奇(Stephanie Couch)说，揭开失败的神秘面纱，教学生不要害怕失败，可以让目标更容易实现。勒梅尔森-麻省理工项目是一个致力于开发和支持发明家的非营利组织。 A. comprehend理解、领悟；B. fear害怕、畏惧；C. overcome克服；D. pursue追求。根据上文“Demystifying failure(解密失败)”和空格前的not可知，此处用fear与前面的not连用表示教给学生不要“害怕”失败，符合语境。故选B项。 45．考查动词词义辨析。句意：库奇的工作也出现在特刊上，他补充说，我们“真的应该把失败视为迈向成功的迭代过程的一部分。”A. doubts怀疑；B. recalls回忆；C. adds补充说；D. challenges挑战。根据上文14题可知，库奇已经说了一句话，所以此处用add指“补充说道”。故选C项。 主题03 人与自然——环境保护与自然生态 Passage 1 （24-25高一上·云南·期末） Everyone knows that most dogs like to be helpful and some love to play fetch (捡东西游戏). David’s dog Scruff likes to 1 the two. Scruff fetches 2 bottles that he finds when he’s out for a walk so that David can 3 them. At first, Scruff loved to play fetch with regular 4 . But some time later, David 5 Scruff playing fetch with him because the vet (兽医) 6 David of possible cuts that the sticks could leave in Scruff’s mouth. But because Scruff 7 loved to work and play, he found other ways to stay 8 . Whenever they were out for a 9 , Scruff started picking up plastic bottles from the ground. When Scruff brought the bottles to David, David would 10 him for his efforts. But David would feel 11 about leaving the bottles behind. To deal with this problem, David thought of a 12 : They would bring a bag with them on walks to take the bottles that Scruff collected home. They even started to keep track of the 13 of bottles Scruff gathered. Last year, Scruff collected over a thousand bottles. Scruff’s game of fetch even 14 himself a new nickname “Scruffy the Eco Warrior”. David said, “We’re glad that Scruff enjoys picking plastic bottles up and can help set an example of how to 15 the planet.” 1．A．replace B．affect C．encounter D．combine 2．A．littered B．reused C．broken D．selected 3．A．decide B．tell C．remove D．collect 4．A．stones B．sticks C．knives D．bones 5．A．wrote B．protected C．stopped D．noticed 6．A．accused B．warned C．suspected D．cured 7．A．particularly B．possibly C．gradually D．finally 8．A．calm B．fit C．normal D．busy 9．A．walk B．meal C．trip D．drive 10．A．forgive B．praise C．respect D．blame 11．A．curious B．happy C．guilty D．nervous 12．A．cause B．reward C．hobby D．solution 13．A．number B．size C．kind D．shape 14．A．taught B．saved C．won D．cost 15．A．adapt to B．care for C．fight against D．benefit from 【答案】 1．D 2．A 3．D 4．B 5．C 6．B 7．A 8．D 9．A 10．B 11．C 12．D 13．A 14．C 15．B 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述大卫的狗斯克拉夫将捡东西游戏与环保结合，收集塑料瓶助力地球保护的故事。 1．考查动词词义辨析。句意：大卫的狗斯克拉夫喜欢把两者结合起来。A. replace取代；B. affect影响；C. encounter遭遇；D. combine结合。根据下文“Scruff fetches ____2____bottles that he finds when he’s out for a walk so that David can ____3____ them.”可知，斯克拉夫把“玩捡东西游戏”和“捡瓶子”结合起来。故选D项。 2．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：斯克拉夫在散步时会捡散落的塑料瓶。A. littered散落的；B. reused重复使用的；C. broken破碎的；D. selected精选的。根据下文的“Scruff started picking up plastic bottles from the ground.”可知，它捡的是地上“散落的”瓶子。故选A项。 3．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这样大卫就可以收集它们。A. decide决定；B. tell告诉；C. remove移除；D. collect收集。根据下文的“They even started to keep track of the____13____of bottles Scruff gathered.”可知，大卫“收集”瓶子。故选D项。 4．考查名词词义辨析。句意：起初，斯克拉夫喜欢用普通的树枝玩捡东西游戏。A. stones石头；B. sticks树枝；C. knives刀；D. bones骨头。根据下文“that the sticks could leave in Scruff’s mouth.”可知，最初玩游戏用的是“树枝”。故选B项。 5．考查动词词义辨析。句意：但一段时间后，大卫不再让斯克拉夫和他玩捡东西游戏。A. wrote写；B. protected保护；C. stopped停止；D. noticed注意。根据下文的“because the vet (兽医)____6____David of possible cuts that the sticks could leave in Scruff’s mouth.”可知，树枝可能会在斯克拉夫的嘴里留下伤口，由此可知，大卫“停止”让狗玩树枝。故选C项。 6．考查动词词义辨析。句意：因为兽医警告大卫，树枝可能会在斯克拉夫的嘴里留下伤口。A. accused指责；B. warned警告；C. suspected怀疑；D. cured治愈。根据下文的“possible cuts that the sticks could leave in Scruff’s mouth.”可知，树枝有可能会在斯克拉夫的嘴里留下伤口，由此可推断，此处指的是兽医“警告”树枝的潜在危险。故选B项。 7．考查副词词义辨析。句意：但由于斯克拉夫特别喜欢工作和玩耍，他找到了其他方法保持忙碌。A. particularly特别；B. possibly可能；C. gradually逐渐；D. finally最终。根据上文的“But some time later, David ___5____ Scruff playing fetch with him because the vet (兽医) ____6____ David of possible cuts that the sticks could leave in Scruff’s mouth.”可知，由于树枝有可能会在斯克拉夫的嘴里留下伤口，所以大卫不让斯克拉夫捡拾树枝，结合下文的“he found other ways to stay ____8____”可知，斯克拉夫又找到其他活动的方式，由此可知，此处指的是斯克拉夫“特别”热爱活动。故选A项。 8．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但由于斯克拉夫特别喜欢工作和玩耍，他找到了其他方法保持忙碌。A. calm平静的；B. fit健康的；C. normal正常的；D. busy忙碌的。根据上文的“But because Scruff ____7____loved to work and play”可知，斯克拉夫特别喜欢工作和玩耍，由此可推断，此处指的是找到了其他方法保持“忙碌”符合语境。故选D项。 9．考查名词词义辨析。句意：每当它们出去散步时，斯克拉夫就开始从地上捡塑料瓶。A. walk散步；B. meal餐；C. trip旅行；D. drive驾驶。根据上文的“when he’s out for a walk”以及下文的“They would bring a bag with them on walks to take the bottles that Scruff collected home.”可知，无论什么时候出去散步，由此可知，捡瓶子的行为发生在“散步”时。故选A项。 10．考查动词词义辨析。句意：当斯克拉夫把瓶子带给大卫时，大卫会表扬它的努力。A. forgive原谅；B. praise表扬；C. respect尊重；D. blame责备。根据上文的“When Scruff brought the bottles to David”以及下文的“for his efforts”可知，斯克拉夫把瓶子带回来给大卫时，大卫对狗的行为表示“表扬”符合语境。故选B项。 11．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但大卫会为把瓶子留在身后而感到内疚。A. curious好奇的；B. happy开心的；C. guilty内疚的；D. nervous紧张的。根据下文的“leaving the bottles behind”及“They would bring a bag with them on walks to take the bottles that Scruff collected home.”可知，大卫因未能处理瓶子而“内疚”符合语境。故选C项。 12．考查名词词义辨析。句意：为了解决这个问题，大卫想到了一个办法。A. cause原因；B. reward奖励；C. hobby爱好；D. solution解决办法。根据下文的“They would bring a bag with them on walks to take the bottles that Scruff collected home.”可知，他们出去散步时都会带这一个袋子，由此可推断，这是大卫想到的“解决办法”符合语境。故选D项。 13．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们甚至开始记录斯克拉夫收集的瓶子数量。A. number数量；B. size尺寸；C. kind种类；D. shape形状。根据下文的“Scruff collected over a thousand bottles.”可知，此处指的是记录瓶子的“数量”符合语境。故选A项。 14．考查动词词义辨析。句意：斯克拉夫的捡东西游戏甚至为它赢得了一个新绰号“环保战士斯克拉夫”。A. taught教；B. saved拯救；C. won赢得；D. cost花费。根据下文的“a new nickname “Scruffy the Eco Warrior”.”可知，此处指的是斯克拉夫捡瓶子的行为“赢得”了绰号。故选C项。 15．考查动词短语辨析。句意：我们很高兴斯克拉夫喜欢捡塑料瓶，并能为如何爱护地球树立榜样。A. adapt to适应；B. care for爱护；C. fight against对抗；D. benefit from受益于。根据常识和下文的“collecting plastic bottles”可知，这一行为是“爱护”地球的体现。故选B项。 Passage 2 （24-25高一上·江西南昌·期末） Near my home, there is a small lake with a walking path. We would drive there a few times a week and take a 16   around the lake. Being so   17   to nature always filled me with an unspoken sense of 18   and peace. One autumn day, 19 , I noticed that the path wasn’t looking so good. It was   20 with trash dropped by other people. The next time my kids and I went, I   21 a large trash bag. As we walked, we spotted pieces of trash every few yards and bent down to 22   them up and put them in the bag. There were candy wrappers, plastic bags, bent cans, and   23 , a single tennis shoe. We   24   every piece we saw. It took us more than twice as long to   25 the loop (环绕) around the lake, but we felt deeply 26   and proud. Before we got back in the car, I   27   the almost full trash bag into a nearby bin. I looked back at the lake shimmering in the sunlight and smiled. We hadn’t made the lake more   28 , but we had at least 29 some of the things that spoil (破坏) it. It felt as though we had done our part, a small way to express our 30   for the glorious world we live in. 16．A．walk B．ride C．jog D．visit 17．A．open B．kind C．close D．respectful 18．A．honor B．duty C．choice D．joy 19．A．moreover B．however C．therefore D．instead 20．A．destroyed B．littered C．spread D．supplied 21．A．brought B．bought C．ordered D．delivered 22．A．mix B．pack C．pick D．step 23．A．naturally B．finally C．luckily D．surprisingly 24．A．detected B．collected C．swept D．removed 25．A．complete B．start C．mark D．surround 26．A．touched B．encouraged C．satisfied D．relaxed 27．A．dumped B．divided C．poured D．turned 28．A．valuable B．popular C．beautiful D．convenient 29．A．found out B．worked out C．given away D．taken away 30．A．pity B．appreciation C．sympathy D．friendship 【答案】16．A 17．C 18．D 19．B 20．B 21．A 22．C 23．D 24．B 25．A 26．C 27．A 28．C 29．D 30．B 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。短文叙述了作者一家人的环湖拾荒散步，作者及其孩子的举动是对大自然美景感激之情的表现。 16．考查名词词义辨析。句意：每周我们会开车到那里几次，绕湖散步。A. walk散步；B. ride骑乘旅行；C. jog慢跑；D. visit访问。根据上文“Near my home, there is a small lake with a walking path”可知，是去湖边散步，故选A。 17．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：如此亲近自然让我充满了一种无以言表的快乐和宁静。A. open开放的；B. kind友好的；C. close亲近的；D. respectful尊敬的。根据上文“take a ___1___  around the lake.”以及“to nature”及描述可知，是亲近自然的感觉，故选C。 18．考查名词词义辨析。句意：见第2题解析。A. honor荣誉；B. duty责任；C. choice选择；D. joy快乐。结合常识和下文peace，可知亲近大自然让人感到快乐和宁静，故选D。 19．考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，一天秋天，我注意到小径的状况不太好。A. moreover此外；B. however然而；C. therefore因此；D. instead反而。上文提到大自然给人快乐和宁静的感觉，下文说小径状况不好，内容呈转折关系，需用表转折的however，故选B。 20．考查动词词义辨析。句意：人们丢弃的垃圾使得小路布满了垃圾。A. destroyed破坏；B. littered扔垃圾；C. spread传播；D. supplied供应。根据下文“ As we walked, we spotted pieces of trash every few yards”可知，小径上布满了人们扔的垃圾，故选B。 21．考查动词词义辨析。句意：下次我和孩子们去的时候，我带了一个大垃圾袋。。A. brought带来；B. bought买；C. ordered订购；D. delivered递送。根据“a large trash bag”和下文“put them in the bag”可知是带了一个垃圾袋，故选A。 22．考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我们步行时，我们每走几码就能发现垃圾并把它们捡起来放入袋子里。A. mix混合；B. pack包装；C. pick捡起；D. step踩踏。根据下文“put them in the bag.”可知，是捡起垃圾，放入袋子。故选C。 23．考查副词词义辨析。句意：有糖果包装纸、塑料袋、弯曲的罐头盒，甚至令人惊讶的还有一只网球鞋。A. naturally自然地；B. finally最终；C. luckily幸运地；D. surprisingly惊讶地。根据“a single tennis shoe.”和常识可知，在湖边发现一只鞋是让人感到惊讶的，故选D。 24．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们收集所看到的每一件垃圾。A. detected检测；B. collected收集；C. swept打扫；D. removed移除。根据上文“bent down to ___7___  them up”可知，我们将所看见的垃圾都尽力去将其收起来，故选B。 25．考查动词词义辨析。句意：完成湖边一圈花了将近两倍的时间，但我们感到深深地满足和自豪。A. complete完成；B. start开始；C. mark标记；D. surround包围。根据语境及“loop around the lake”可知，是在湖边环路“完成”行走，故选A。 26．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：完成湖边一圈花了将近两倍的时间，但我们感到深深地满足和自豪。A. touched感动的；B. encouraged鼓舞的；C. satisfied满意的；D. relaxed放松的。根据“proud.”可知，感到满足的心情，故选C。 27．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在我们回到车上之前，我把几乎装满的垃圾袋倒进了附近的垃圾桶。A. dumped倾倒；B. divided分开；C. poured倒出；D. turned转动。根据“trash bag into a nearby bin”可知，把垃圾袋扔进垃圾桶里。故选A。 28．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我们并没有让湖泊更加美丽，但是我们至少拿走了一些污染湖泊的东西。A. valuable有价值的；B. popular流行的；C. beautiful美丽的；D. convenient方便的。根据上文“I looked back at the lake shimmering in the sunlight and smiled.”和下文“but we had at least 14 some of the things that spoil it”可知，他们虽然无法让湖更美丽，但至少可以除去污染湖泊的物品，故选C。 29．考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：我们并没有让湖泊更加美丽，但是我们至少拿走了一些污染湖泊的东西。A. found out发现；B. worked out解决；C. given away赠送；D. taken away拿走。根据上文“Before we got back in the car, I  _____12_____  the almost full trash bag into a nearby bin.”可知，他们拿走了一些污染湖泊的东西。故选D。 30．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这样做也算是尽了我们的微薄之力，是对居住在这美丽世界的感激之情的表达。A. pity可惜；B. appreciation欣赏；C. sympathy同情；D. friendship友谊。根据“for the glorious world we live in”可知，作者及其孩子的举动是对大自然美景感激之情的表现，故选B。 Passage 3 （23-24高一上·辽宁抚顺·期末） I was 10 when flooding displaced my family from the Butaleja District of eastern Uganda in 2008. Illegal sand mining along the riverbanks 31 flooding already caused by climate change. We 32 our farm and home, so we moved over 130 miles away to Kampala, Uganda’s capital city, where we lived with my 33 . But her home quickly became 34 , so we moved to a one-room rental (租赁)—much 35 and less beautiful than our old home. It was too much for my father. My mother raised my siblings (兄弟姐妹) and me after he 36 . She often 37 to find enough food or money. I can’t 38 how many times we went to sleep hungry because we couldn’t afford food. But back on our farm, we had 39 to eat. And we still couldn’t 40 the impacts of climate change. I’ll never forget one night in November 2014. It began to rain, the power 41 , and water flooded our room. We stood outside all night. The next morning, we moved back into our grandmother’s house for four months until my mom could afford to 42 a new home. Living through 43 flooding made me realize I had to protect the environment. In 2020, I 44 Earth Volunteers, a climate nonprofit organization currently supporting youth climate education. Knowledge is 45 : I believe my father wouldn’t have abandoned (抛弃) us if he had known why those floods hit in 2008, or how to respond. 31．A．increases B．eases C．calms D．worsens 32．A．lost B．deserted C．abandoned D．left 33．A．sibling B．aunt C．grandmother D．cousin 34．A．crowded B．worn C．dirty D．shabby 35．A．larger B．smaller C．taller D．newer 36．A．left B．died C．packed D．withdrew 37．A．delighted B．struggled C．hesitated D．delayed 38．A．account B．consider C．count D．include 39．A．little B．enough C．insufficient D．nothing 40．A．explore B．exchange C．escape D．inspire 41．A．went out B．went on C．went around D．went down 42．A．choose B．rent C．exchange D．lend 43．A．unhealthy B．limited C．unfolding D．endless 44．A．funded B．retired C．founded D．reported 45．A．ineffective B．productive C．important D．hard 【答案】31．D 32．A 33．C 34．A 35．B 36．A 37．B 38．C 39．B 40．C 41．A 42．B 43．D 44．C 45．C 【导语】本文是记叙文。讲述了作者小时候经历了数次洪水，让作者明白保护环境的重要性。 31．考查动词词义辨析。句意：沿着河岸的非法采砂加剧了已经由气候变化引起的洪水。A. increases提高；B. eases缓解；C. calms使平静；D. worsens加剧。根据前文“Illegal sand mining along the riverbanks”结合实际可知，非法采砂应加剧了已经由气候变化引起的洪水。故选D项。 32．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们失去了农场和家，所以我们搬到了130多英里外的乌干达首都坎帕拉，和祖母住在一起。A. lost失去；B. deserted抛弃；C. abandoned遗弃；D. left离开。根据前文“I was 10 when flooding displaced my family from the Butaleja District of eastern Uganda in 2008.”可知，作者一家遭遇洪水，所以是失去了农场和家。故选A项。 33．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们失去了农场和家，所以我们搬到了130多英里外的乌干达首都坎帕拉，和祖母住在一起。A. sibling兄弟姐妹；B. aunt阿姨；C. grandmother祖母；D. cousin堂兄弟。根据后文“The next morning, we moved back into our grandmother’s house for four months”可知，搬回祖母家，所以此时也是搬到祖母家。故选C项。 34．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但她的家很快就变得拥挤起来，所以我们搬到了一间出租房——比我们的旧房子小得多，也没有那么漂亮。A. crowded拥挤的；B. worn穿坏的；C. dirty肮脏的；D. shabby破旧的。根据前文“We　　　　2　　　 our farm and home, so we moved over 130 miles away to Kampala, Uganda’s capital city, where we lived with my　　　3　　　.”以及后文“so we moved to a one-room rental (租赁)”可知，作者一家搬到祖母家，所以应是变得拥挤。故选A项。 35．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但她的家很快就变得拥挤起来，所以我们搬到了一间出租房——比我们的旧房子小得多，也没有那么漂亮。A. larger更大的；B.  smaller更小的；C. taller更高的；D. newer更新的。根据前文“so we moved to a one-room rental”可知，作者一家搬到了一间出租房，应是比农场的房屋要小。故选B项。 36．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他离开后，我母亲抚养了我和我的兄弟姐妹。A. left离开；B.  died死亡；C.  packed包装；D. withdrew退出。根据后文“I believe my father wouldn’t have abandoned (抛弃) us if he had known why those floods hit in 2008, or how to respond.”可知父亲抛弃了他们，所以父亲离开了。故选A项。 37．考查动词词义辨析。句意：她经常努力寻找足够的食物或钱。A. delighted使愉快；B. struggled努力；C. hesitated犹豫；D. delayed延迟。根据前文“My mother raised my siblings (兄弟姐妹) and me”可知，母亲独自抚养了作者和他的兄弟姐妹，所以应是努力寻找足够的食物或钱。故选B项。 38．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我数不清有多少次我们饿着肚子睡觉，因为我们买不起食物。A. account视为；B. consider考虑；C. count计数；D. include包括。根据后文“because we couldn’t afford food.”可知，作者一家买不起食物，所以应是“数不清有多少次我们饿着肚子睡觉”符合语境。故选C项。 39．考查名词和形容词以及代词词义辨析。句意：但回到我们的农场，我们有足够的食物。A. little一点点；B. enough足够；C. insufficient不足；D. nothing没有什么。根据前文“because we couldn’t afford food.”以及本句中的but表转折，所以应是“回到农场，我们有足够的食物”符合语境。故选B项。 40．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们仍然无法逃脱气候变化的影响。A. explore探讨；B. exchange交换；C. escape逃跑；D. inspire激励。根据后文“I’ll never forget one night in November 2014. It began to rain, the power　　　11　　　, and water flooded our room.”可知，作者一家又被洪水淹没了，所以是仍然无法逃脱气候变化的影响。故选C项。 41．考查动词短语辨析。句意：天开始下雨了，停电了，水淹没了我们的房间。A. went out熄灭；B. went on继续；C. went around走来走去；D.  went down下跌。根据后文“and water flooded our room”可知，洪水淹没了作者的家，所以电力应是停了。符合实际。故选A项。 42．考查动词词义辨析。句意：第二天早上，我们搬回祖母家住了四个月，直到我妈妈租得起新房。A. choose选择；B.  rent租用；C. exchange交换；D. lend借给。根据前文“But her home quickly became　　　4　　　, so we moved to a one-room rental”可知，外婆家住不下他们，所以还是要租房子。故选B项。 43．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在无休止的洪水中生活让我意识到我必须保护环境。A. unhealthy不健康的；B. limited有限的；C. unfolding展开的；D. endless无休止的。根据前文“Illegal sand mining along the riverbanks　　　　1　　　flooding already caused by climate change.”可知，气候变化，加上非法采砂使洪水变得无休止的，符合语境。故选D项。 44．考查动词词义辨析。句意：2020年，我创立了气候非营利组织“地球志愿者”，目前正在支持青少年气候教育。A. funded拨款给；B. retired退休；C. founded建立；D. reported报告。根据后文“Earth Volunteers, a climate nonprofit organization currently supporting youth climate education.”可知，是一个组织，所以应是“创立了气候非营利组织”符合语境。故选C项。 45．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：知识很重要：我相信，如果我父亲知道2008年洪水袭击的原因，或者知道如何应对，他就不会抛弃我们。A. ineffective不起作用的；B. productive多产的；C. important重要的；D. hard坚固的。根据后文“I believe my father wouldn’t have abandoned (抛弃) us if he had known why those floods hit in 2008, or how to respond.”可知，作者认为如果父亲有相关的知识的话，就不会离开他们，所以认为知识是重要的。故$