专题02 阅读理解（说明文）（期末真题汇编，陕晋青宁专用） 高二英语上学期

专题02 阅读理解（说明文） 主题01 人与自我——生活与学习 Passage 1 （24-25学年高二上·山西省运城市·期末） How long does it take for a reader to get a book after placing an order in a library of over 8 million? The answer from a new library in suburban Beijing is less than 15 minutes. Located in the eastern district of Tongzhou, Beijing Library has become a popular destination since it opened. It received over 80, 000 visits during the three-day New Year holiday. Book lovers are attracted not only by the library’s architectural design, but also by its large collection of books and smart services. Covering some 75,000 square meters, Beijing Library houses over 8 million books. The towering stacks (书库) on the library’s basement floor contribute to its massive capacity. They are part of the largest single automated storage and retrieval (检索) system for books in China. The stacks have a total storage area of less than 3,000 square meters, yet they can store up to 7.1 million books largely due to their special design. Besides, the smart system includes various types of smart equipment like robots, which enable intelligent book delivery and sorting. The automated book storage and retrieval system functions like the smart brain of the library, enabling an array of highly efficient services that reduce manual labor. Beijing Library is not alone in adopting innovative storage methods. The Suzhou No. 2 Library, which opened in late 2019, was the first Chinese library to apply the smart book storage and retrieval system. To make borrowing books easier, visitors to Beijing Library can register for a seamless (无缝的) borrowing service empowered by facial recognition and other technologies. A digital guide at the library’s entrance also offers on-demand interactions with visitors. Readers who want to avoid travel to the library can use the online borrowing service, which will deliver the book to their doorstep. The library’s online borrowing service is open to readers not only in Beijing but also in neighboring areas. “It’s quite a refreshing experience to visit the library,” says Meng Fan, a local sixth-grader. “The books here enrich our mind, and some of the smart services here can blow our mind.” 1．Which of the following is a reason for Beijing Library’s popularity? A．Its location is convenient. B．Its outer walls are unique. C．It has a large collection of books. D．It is the largest library of Beijing. 2．What do Beijing Library and Suzhou No. 2 Library have in common? A．They both offer a digital guide. B．They both use the facial recognition technology. C．They both adopt special architectural designs. D．They both use the smart book storage and retrieval system. 3．What do we know about the online borrowing service of Beijing Library? A．It is open to readers nationwide. B．It can deliver books in and around Beijing. C．It can only be used by the librarians. D．It still needs to be upgraded. 4．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．The Smart Service of Beijing Library B．The Popularity of Beijing Library C．The History of Beijing Library D．The Future Development of Beijing Library Passage 2 （24-25学年高二上·陕西省西安市·期末） For many people, breakfast — often called the most important meal of the day — is also the day’s least-exciting meal. Foods at breakfast are typically simple, quick, and easy to prepare and eat. And when people find a breakfast option they like, they generally stick with it, day after day, scientists have found. When researchers evaluated the daily eating habits in thousands of U. S. And French study subjects, they saw that people repeatedly ate the same thing for breakfast and were happy to do so. By comparison, when those people sat down to have lunch or dinner, they expected greater variety and wanted a more pleasurable experience from their meals. Researchers analyzed data in which a group of l, 275 American volunteers and a group of 2, 624 French volunteers reported what they ate for different meals to find patterns in meal experiences. They discovered that in both groups, 68 % of the participants ate the same breakfast at least twice in one week, and French people did so even more often than Americans did. By comparison, just 9 % of the people repeated a dinner they had already eaten and this repetition was higher for the American participants than for the French participants. The researchers then proposed that psychological (心理的) factors could also map onto circadian rhythms (昼夜节律) to further push people toward certain meal choice. Early in the day, when energy levels are higher, people tend to make practical choice. This makes it more likely that they’d be guided by practicality over pleasure when eating breakfast and would therefore be satisfied with a meal choice that they don’t have to think about too much. And it would be more possible for them to find one breakfast they like and then eat the same thing over and over again, according to the study. But as the day progresses, and a person’s energy increased and decreased, the importance of practical goals reduces. Pleasure-sacking becomes more important, and a person would then be more likely to seek variety in tastes and texture. However, even though culture, biology, and psychology make it seem natural to seek practical goals for breakfast, by consciously introducing variation into weekday breakfasts, breakfast can become much more enjoyable, which can help set a more positive tone for the rest of the day. 1．What did the researchers find in their study? A．People have realized the benefits of eating breakfast. B．People think it hard to find their favorite breakfast. C．People usually spend a lot of time on cooking. D．People tend to repeat their breakfast option. 2．Which method did the researchers most likely use to collect data? A．Making surveys. B．Performing experiments. C．Working with local restaurants. D．Observing participants’ daily diets. 3．What did the researchers conclude from people’s circadian rhythms? A．Eating regularly contributes to good health. B．People’s attitudes towards breakfast vary throughout the day. C．People’s mood is the decisive factor in choosing their breakfast. D．Energy changes throughout the day greatly affect people’s food choices. 4．Which of the following could be the best title for the text? A．The Significance of Breakfast in Our Daily Life B．Breakfast Habits: Why We Repeat C．Differences in Meal Choices between Americans and French D．The Influence of Circadian Rhythms on Our Eating Patterns Passage 3 （24-25学年高二上·山西省吕梁市·期末） The UK Antarctic Heritage Trust is looking to hire five people — a base leader, a shop manager, and three general assistants — to work at the “Penguin Post Office” in Port Lockroy, Antarctica. The five-month project is open to UK residents over the age of 18. It will begin in early October 2024 and last until March 2025. Responsibilities will include organizing the over 80,000 letters and postcards sent by the 18,000 tourists or so. Employees will also help sell postage stamps, run the small gift shop, and look after the aging building. But their most important duty will be to keep track of about 1,500 penguins. Exciting as it may sound, the UK Antarctic Heritage Trust warns applicants that the jobs are not for the weak-hearted. Even during summer, temperatures on the icy continent can drop as low as -5℃. Additionally, the five people will live in a single bedroom with a tiny gas-powered kitchen. They will use a camping toilet, which must be emptied daily. There is limited phone and Internet access and no running water. Visiting ships offer workers showers every few days. But in poor weather conditions, they may have to do without a shower for extended periods. Emergency medical services could take up to a week! However, the biggest challenge will be the smell of penguin waste that will surround them for five months! Despite these difficulties, the positions, which open up every summer, receive thousands of applications each year. Camilla Nichol, the Trust’s CEO, is not surprised. She believes that for the right individuals, the jobs provide a unique opportunity to live in a landscape that makes people feel the beauty and power of nature. 1．What do we know about the “Penguin Post Office”? A．It’s open to all British. B．It will run for half a year. C．Its employees will mainly interact with tourists. D．Its positions are only available in the summer of Antarctic. 2．What will challenge applicants most? A．The low temperature. B．No water for a shower. C．The smell of penguin waste. D．Limited access to the Internet. 3．What can be inferred about the project from the passage? A．It is well received. B．It is open throughout the year. C．It needs five more general assistants. D．It offers jobs for the heat-resistant. 4．What’s mainly talked about in the passage? A．Difficulties of living in the Antarctic. B．Individuals wanted by penguins. C．Benefits of working in the Polar Area. D．Challenges penguins are facing. 主题02 人与社会——科技 Passage 1 （24-25学年高二上·陕西省咸阳市·期末） While AI can beat us at chess, driving cars, and even composing music, making us laugh seems to be its final boundary. My musical comedy, Artificially Intelligent, was inspired by the time I asked AI to write me a show based on my life, and it gave me some madly terrible results. I performed some of its materials in the show, and I even made AI write a song for an audience member live on the spot, and it was always funny in its terribleness. It generated songs telling the audience member who is a doctor to hit the eyes of her co-worker who she is always arguing with. However, this wasn’t independent thinking; we had to feed AI as much information as possible to get any results from it. When it comes to actually getting AI to craft jokes on its own, it can’t. The problem with AI and comedy is its lack of human nuance (细微差别) for humor. AI might be able to create a joke structure, but it does not have the ability to pull from personal experience. It lacks a point of view, situational awareness, context, and cultural awareness needed for good comedy. Irony (讽刺), a complex form of human communication, is hard for AI because of its reliance on context, tone, and cultural knowledge. Unlike humans, AI can’t infer meaning beyond clear statements. Irony involves saying one thing but meaning another, relying on shared context, but AI only processes text and can’t pick up audio and visual cues for irony. AI must signal it’s making a joke. As of now, though AI has made impressive progress in some areas, it is absolutely not funny, but in the future theoretically yes. When technology advances to the point where robots are walking around with free will and independent thinking, experiencing life and potentially even emotions, they would theoretically begin to have enough viewpoints to create comedy, or an activity that voices their experience of being an AI. However, this would create its own culture and would only be relatable to other AIs. The truth is that audience is really enjoying the AI-generated material in my show, even if the joke is bad. But — technically — does that make it funny? 1．How does the author illustrate AI’s limitation in making jokes in Paragraph 2? A．By providing data. B．By giving an example. C．By showing a survey result. D．By making a comparison. 2．What does the author try to explain in Paragraph 3? A．What AI jokes are made up of. B．How AI understands the meaning of irony. C．Why AI fails to create a good joke actually. D．Whether AI can learn from funny experiences. 3．What does the author think of AI in the future? A．It will relate its culture to humans. B．It will teach itself the theory of comedy. C．It will be free to express others’ feelings. D．It will develop its own culture of humor. 4．Which can be a suitable title for this passage? A．Will AI ever be funny? B．Is AI going to learn to laugh? C．Is AI the future of entertainment? D．Will AI be the pioneer in new fields? Passage 2 （24-25学年高二上·山西省阳泉市·期末） In recent years, second-hand shopping has gained popularity in the UK, particularly around Christmas time, as more people choose to give pre-loved gifts. Charity shops, such as those run by Oxfam, have witnessed a significant increase in customers. One busy afternoon in London’s Marylebone High Street, the Oxfam shop beat the upper class retailers (零售商) in foot traffic, with shoppers looking for affordable yet meaningful presents. Ollie Mead, who oversees shop displays for Oxfam in London, notes that since September, there’s been a notable rise in people’s option for second-hand gifts. Oxfam stores offer a range of items, from toys to clothes, all priced much lower than new goods. This tendency is part of a broader change, with UK consumers expected to spend £2 billion on second-hand Christmas gifts this year, according to a report by Vinted and Retail Economics. Apart from cost-of-living pressures, sustainability (可持续性) concerns have been a more important motivator of this change. Many shoppers, like doctor Ed Burdett, are motivated by both the money savings and the desire to give “things another life”. “It’s nice to spend less, and to know that it goes to a good place rather than a high street shop,” Burdett explains. Wayne Hemingway, co-founder of Charity Super Mkt, which places charity shops in untaken retail spaces, says second-hand shopping at Christmas has become more mainstream. He notes that when he started selling second-hand clothes decades ago, sales would drop during Christmas, but now his shops are seeing a 20% increase in sales, similar to those of new stores. Young consumers, especially those interested in sustainable fashion and the recycling economy, are firing this movement. While some people, like 56-year-old Jennifer Odibo, still prefer to buy new items for Christmas, experts like sociology researcher Tetyana Solovey see a switch in awareness. She believes that reusing items could become a sustainable tradition, offering a fresh approach to holiday gifting. Although some still view second-hand gifts as unconventional, many are embracing the idea of giving new life to second-hand items, making it a more popular and sustainable choice this Christmas season. 1．Why is the Oxfam shop in London’s Marylebone High Street mentioned? A．To explain the reasons for exchanging gifts. B．To highlight its location in downtown London. C．To show people’s preference for second-hand items. D．To reflect people’s shopping habits during Christmas. 2．What is a greater driver of the change in this shopping practice? A．Economic stress. B．Sustainability awareness. C．Advertisements of retailers. D．Good quality of second-hand items. 3．What can we learn about Jennifer Odibo? A．He prefers advanced stuff. B．He sticks to traditional practice. C．He jumps at new shopping ideas. D．He has a passion for gift exchange. 4．What is the suitable title of the text? A．Innovative Approach of Promoting Sales. B．Popularity of Leading a More Affordable Life. C．Growing Tendency of Second-Hand Christmas Gifts. D．New Life of Charity Shops Fired by Young Customers. Passage 3 （24-25学年高二上·山西省运城市·期末） Warming seas across the globe are endangering coral reefs, a key ecosystem that supports marine life to live and thrive. As a novel approach to saving them from extinction, scientists have recently frozen groups of adult corals for the first time and then revived them, according to a recent study. Freezing biological materials, or “cryopreserving” them, refers to keeping them in a deep freeze for long periods without affecting the cell’s viability (活性) , according to the Science Times website. This method usually cools them to very low temperatures, commonly to -196℃. Since cells would normally die at such a low temperature due to the formation of ice inside, scientists need to monitor the freezing rate and choose the freezing medium carefully. Researchers in the U. S. experimented with freezing pea-sized pieces of a common coral in Hawaii. After removing the microbes (微生物) on the corals, they sealed the corals in metal containers filled with a chemical solution that partially dehydrated (脱水) them and helped control ice growth. When the corals reached a temperature of around -200℃, the remaining water in the corals solidified into a glassy form. The corals were still alive, with their life-driving functions becoming extremely slow. After being cryopreserved for a few minutes, the researchers pulled the corals out and placed them in warm water. In two minutes, they started consuming oxygen-a sign of them staying alive. Previously, researchers had already successfully cryopreserved coral larvae (幼虫) , according to a study in 2018. However, the larvae can only be collected when corals produce eggs in large quantities, which happens just a few nights each year. “That’s putting a lot of eggs in one basket,” U. S. marine scientist Liza Roger told Science News. This breakthrough offers more hope to the world’s corals, said Roger. However, there’s more work to be done. A few days after warming up, the corals became “stressed out” from the process and were killed by the bacteria they normally live in harmony with. The researchers are working on using antibiotics (抗生素) to help them survive for a longer period of time. 1．What is the text mainly about? A．Freezing corals for future use. B．Killing bacteria to rescue corals. C．Discovering a cooling method. D．Protecting corals in a new way. 2．What is the key element in the new method of saving corals? A．Metal containers. B．Dry ice. C．Low temperature. D．Proper cells. 3．How did researchers identify the cryopreserved corals were alive? A．They became smaller. B．They began to breathe. C．They started to move. D．They stretched out. 4．What may future research focus on? A．Extending the life of the corals. B．Maintaining the temperature. C．Warming up the corals carefully. D．Helping larvae lay more eggs. Passage 4 （24-25学年高二上·陕西省咸阳市·期末） NOBEL PRIZES 2024The Nobel Prize in Physics 2024 John Hopfield; Geoffrey Hinton “for foundational discoveries and inventions that enable machine learning with artificial neural networks” John Hopfield created a structure that can store and reconstruct information and Geoffrey Hinton invented a method that can independently discover properties in data, which has become important for the large artificial neural networks now in use.The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2024 David Baker “for computational protein design” Demis Hassabis; John Jumper “for protein structure prediction” The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2024 is about proteins. David Baker has succeeded with the almost impossible achievement of building entirely new kinds of proteins. Demis Hassabis and John Jumper have developed an AI model to solve a 50-year-old problem: predicting proteins’ complex strictures.The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2024 Victor Ambros; Gary Ruvkun “for the discovery of microRNA and its role in post-transcriptional gene regulation” Victor Ambros and Gary Ruvkun discovered microRNA, a new class of tiny RNA molecules that play a crucial role in gene regulation. Their groundbreaking discovery in the small worm C． elegans revealed a completely new principle of gene regulation. This turned out to be essential for multicellular organisms, including humans.The Nobel Prize in Literature 2024 Han Kang “for her intense poetic prose that confronts historical traumas directly and exposes the fragility (脆弱) of human life” In all her works, Han Kang faces historical traumas and invisible sets of rules and each of her works exposes the fragility of human life. She has a unique awareness of the connections between body and soul, the living and the dead, and with her poetic and experimental style, Han Kang has become a creator in contemporary prose. 1．Who won the Nobel Prize in Physics 2024 for artificial neural networks? A．John Hopfield and Geoffrey Hinton. B．Victor Ambros and Gary Ruvkun. C．Demis Hassabis and John Jumper. D．John Hopfield and John Jumper. 2．What is the focus of Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2024? A．Gene regulation. B．Machine learning. C．Protein design and prediction. D．MicroRNA discovery. 3．What can be known from the text? A．MicroRNA plays a crucial role in machine learning. B．David Baker has succeeded in building an AI model to predict proteins. C．Geoffrey Hinton created a structure that can store and reconstruct information. D．Han Kang’s works mainly explore historical traumas and the weakness of human life. Passage 5 （24-25学年高二上·山西省阳泉市·期末） Sweetgreen, a California-based restaurant chain, has made its latest innovation public, the Infinite Kitchen, at its Willis Tower location in Chicago. This automated system transforms the salad-making process by combining speed, accuracy, and freshness, offering an improved dining experience for customers. The Infinite Kitchen, first introduced in select locations, uses a futuristic producing line of robotic chefs to craft salads like Kale Caesar and Hummus Crunch with exacting standards. Ingredients are divided, mixed, and maintained at ideal temperatures, ensuring consistency and quality. While robots handle the preparation, human team members manage machine refilling and finishing touches. Chicago’s Willis Tower restaurant is the first to adopt a hybrid model, operating both traditional and automated salad lines. This approach allows Sweetgreen to refine the Infinite Kitchen system while maintaining the personal touch of human interactions. The automated kitchen also promises increased productivity, with a seven percent reduction in workforce costs reported across participating locations. Sweetgreen, founded in 2007, has grown into a national chain with 245 locations across the U. S., aiming to improve fast food with fresh, healthy options. By next year, Sweetgreen plans to apply the technology to all new restaurants. The cost of installing (安装) the system, about $450,000-$550,000 per location, is seen as a contribution in future savings. Sweetgreen co-founder Nicolas Jammet highlights that no employees have been laid off due to automation; instead, they have been rearranged to customer-focused roles. Despite challenges like reduced office lunch crowds in Chicago in the past three years, the Willis Tower location continues to serve thousands of customers daily. The Infinite Kitchen aims to handle peak-hour demand more effectively, speeding up service while maintaining high-quality meals. As Sweetgreen looks to improve this technology, it’s preparing the way for a cooperative future between humans and machines, aiming to “reimagine the fast food experience”. Robots deliver speed and accuracy, while humans focus on providing a friendly, welcoming environment. 1．What is Paragraph 2 mainly about? A．Advantages of robotic chefs. B．Human’s role in the automated system. C．Operating mode of the Infinite Kitchen. D．Characteristics of salad produced by machine. 2．What does the underlined word “refine” in Paragraph 3 mean? A．Repair. B．Upgrade. C．Recycle. D．Distinguish. 3．What have happened to the staff in Sweetgreen according to Nicolas Jammet? A．Their salaries have gone up. B．They have been out of work. C．Their working intensity has increased. D．They have new tasks in the restaurant. 4．What is the future of Sweetgreen probably like? A．Promising. B．Demanding. C．Unchanging. D．Disturbing. Passage 6 （24-25学年高二上·山西省吕梁市·期末） Mangroves (红树) are trees that typically grow in saltwater along coasts. But some red mangroves end up deep in the rainforests of Mexico’s Yucatan Peninsula. These plants live in freshwater along the San Pedro Martir River. That’s nearly 200 kilometers from the sea. Scientists wanted to know how these mangoves got trapped so far inland. Carlos Burelo was among them. He became curious about these mangroves on a childhood fishing trip there 35 years ago. Burelo saw that the roots of the mangroves grew above ground. This was different from the other trees. Burelo’s team first investigated where the freshwater mangroves came from. They started by collecting their leaves and then compared their DNA to the leaves from coastal mangroves which were growing along the Gulf of Mexico. The DNA helped identify the origins of the mangroves on the San Pedro Martir River. They had started along the Gulf of Mexico, some 170 kilometers away from the river. The team discovered other evidence that this ecosystem had once been coastal. They discovered 112 other species in this region that are typically found near coasts. The researchers looked at the soil too. “These sediments (沉积物) near the mangroves revealed exactly what we expected,” says Exequiel Ezcurra, an ecologist at the University of California. In all, the researchers turned up coastal stones, shells of sea snails and clay sediments rich in shell fragments (碎片). These led the researchers to conclude the area used to be part of the ocean long ago. Computer models of how sea level has changed over time confirmed those findings. The models showed that when sea levels were higher in the past, the ocean flooded the lower basin of the San Pedro Martir River. That would have been around 150,000 to 130,000 years ago. This pushed red mangroves and other species inland. “This discovery highlights how changes to the past climate have affected the world’s coastlines,” Ezcurra says. “It also offers a chance to better understand how future sea level rise may affect these ecosystems.” 1．What can we know about mangroves according to the passage? A．They have a great effect on the sea level. B．The origins of mangroves are in freshwater. C．They typically grow in saltwater along coasts. D．The roots of mangroves grow underground. 2．How did the team conduct the research according to paragraph 2? A．By making a comparison. B．By introducing an experience. C．By analyzing some data. D．By quoting others’ opinions. 3．Why were computer models used in the research? A．To analyze the elements of the soil. B．To confirm the conclusions of the research. C．To study the leaves of coastal mangroves D．To discover more other mangrove species. 4．What does the discovery stress? A．The importance of comparing the DNA of leaves. B．The benefit of using computer models in the study. C．The impact of human activities on these ecosystems. D．The effect of the past climate changes on coastlines. 主题03 人与自然——环境 Passage 1 （24-25学年高二上·甘肃省兰州市·期末） Within the beautiful scenery of Wisconsin’s Lake Chippewa lies a natural wonder that is a unique challenge for the local community. This hidden wonder is exactly a giant floating island. The island, made up of plants and trees, sometimes floats around the lake, causing a major inconvenience by blocking (阻塞) an important bridge. Later, the local people came up with a solution to this problem. Every year, local boat owners work together and push the island away from the bridge. Lake Chippewa was born in 1923 when a vast bog (沼泽) was changed through flooding. Soon after that, many of the dark bogs started rising to the surface and became perfect growing places for plants, with seeds carried by wind and wild birds to this floating place. Over the years, these bogs have grown plants and trees and turned into full islands. As time goes by, plants take root, and the oldest islands even have trees that act as sails (船帆) when the wind blows, moving the entire floating island around the lake. Although the years-old floating island does not relocate (重新迁移) so often, when it does, it causes trouble for the community by blocking the important bridge that serves as the only passage between the lake’s East and West sides. The only solution is to gather a group of boats, and not just one or two, but dozens of boats working together to push the island away. “It takes a community’s effort, and you must have the winds at your back to push them in,” said a resident. Moving the island also requires precision (精确), as just relocating it a short distance may result in its return within days. Some people have suggested destroying the floating islands to get rid of the problem. However, the big bog in Lake Chippewa has been around for many years, and during that time a variety of animal and plant species have made it their home. Therefore, local government advises they be dealt with in a way that won’t do harm to wildlife, paying more attention to the fine-drawn balance between human convenience and environmental protection. The annual tradition of relocating Lake Chippewa’s floating island is evidence to the coexistence of man and nature, a heartwarming display of community unity, and a reminder of the importance of preserving the unique areas that enrich our world. 1．What does the underlined word “solution” in paragraph 1 refer to? A．Building a new bridge. B．Moving the floating island away. C．Transforming the vast bog. D．Rebuilding the local community. 2．What can we know from paragraph 2? A．The formation of the floating island. B．The history of flooding in Lake Chippewa. C．The varieties of species in Lake Chippewa. D．The impact of the wind on the floating island. 3．Which of the following statements is true about the relocation work from paragraph 3? A．It is usually finished within days. B．It is a must in cooperation and precision. C．It can only be carried out during windless days. D．It greatly disturbs the community residents’ lives. 4．Why has the local government refused to destroy the island? A．To save costs for local people. B．To ensure the safety of residents. C．To improve the bond between communities. D．To protect the wildlife species on the island. Passage 2 （24-25学年高二上·山西省太原市·期末） Most people tend to think of cities as places lacking nature, but indeed cities aren’t just concrete (混凝土) jungles but are actually bustling with wildlife and nature. According to a study in Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment, urban landscapes are more than just human habitats; they also provide special opportunities for wildlife conservation. “As a city kid growing up during the 1980s, I was fascinated with birds nesting on the top of my neighbour’s roof, which sparked my interest in birds and nature,” said Frank La Sorte, a researcher at the Cornell Lab of Ornithology. He believes that by observing our feathered friends in the city, we can see nature as an essential part of our well-being. Protecting nature is like giving ourselves a high-five. To document the value of cities to birds, the research team from Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Auburn University, and Rutgers University, decided to put cities under the microscope. They mixed and matched bird sightings from citizen scientists of eBird program, endangered species lists, critical habitats, and 2020 U.S. census (普查) data. The team found that natural areas within cities could mean increased access to resources, warmer temperatures and shelters from natural disasters for birds. They also suggest that these green spaces should even allow for unique reappearing opportunities for species, which is not possible in their natural habitats. But, they also caution that cities aren’t always the safest choice for wildlife, which means updating our views of cities as places where we can connect with nature is the first step to stop biodiversity loss. So, next time you’re taking a walk down the street, look up, and look around. You might just spot a nature scene that’s right beside you. Our urban jungles have thrived. Cities are the new frontier for wildlife conservation. 1．What is the updated idea about the relation between the city and nature? A．Cities are friendly to wildlife. B．Cities hold no place for nature. C．Cities have no impact on nature. D．Cities are rich in natural resources. 2．What inspired Frank La Sorte’s passion for birds? A．His interest shared with his friends. B．His childhood spent in the countryside. C．His sighting of birds in the neighborhood. D．His research in Cornell Lab of Ornithology. 3．How can cities contribute to the protection of birds? A．By providing natural areas to shelter birds. B．By reducing the number of birds’ enemies. C．By making cities less exposed to disasters. D．By introducing new species to the rural areas. 4．What does the author call on people to do in the last paragraph? A．Have a healthy and balanced lifestyle. B．Be an observer of nature in cities. C．Stop urbanization to keep biodiversity. D．Make frequent visits to the jungles. Passage 3 （24-25学年高二上·陕西省安康市·期末） You may be attracted by pictures of animals in the wild. You might have imagined yourself taking pictures of animals that are seldom seen in the city. If you do get that chance, you may want to consider the following tips or rules. First of all, a lot of professional photographers give respect (尊重) to these animals and the environment they are in. Just remember that you should respect the animals and the environment in case these animals bite or attack you. Keep in mind that you are taking pictures of real, live, wild animals. A wild animal may bite to protect itself. You must be aware while taking their pictures and be gentle in all your movements. Do not feed the animals, or interact (互动) with animals that are sleeping or caring for their young. Change the flash of your camera to natural light, so the animals will not be frightened or surprised when you start shooting. Animals do not react well when they are surprised. Be very patient. Make sure you are aware of the changes in behavior of the animal and its emotions. Be familiar with the animals’ natural habitat. Now if those rules are clear, it is time for planning. Consider the weather; some animals do not go out when it is raining while some animals love the rain. Therefore, a little research on the weather will not hurt. You should consider taking pictures after sunrise and before sunset. Now if the animal is active at night, then you should prepare to fight against not only the wild but also the darkness. An adventure in the wild will make you very excited. However, you should be well prepared, have experts to back you up, and also a permit (许可证) for doing the photo shoot. If you do not have any of these, then maybe you should consider visiting the zoo instead. 1．What should you do to show respect to the wildlife? A．Tuning off the flash. B．Caring for their babies. C．Feeding them whenever you want. D．Taking pictures when they are sleeping. 2．What should you consider before taking pictures with the wildlife? A．Food and water. B．Weather and time. C．Emotions and safety. D．Place and transportation. 3．What can we infer from the last paragraph? A．Most animals love being taken photos of. B．We have to go to the zoo to take photos. C．Only experts have a permit to take photos. D．There is danger while taking photos with wild animals. 4．What is the author’s purpose in writing the text? A．To advertise a zoo. B．To do some research. C．To give some advice. D．To introduce some wildlife. Passage 4 （24-25学年高二上·青海省西宁市·期末） Have you ever imagined being able to communicate with your pet at home and have it understand everything you say? It sounds too good to be true, but scientists have started using artificial intelligence (AI) to help communicate with animals. Professor Karen Bakker—who is the author of a book called The Sounds of Life: How Digital Technology Is Bringing Us Closer to the Worlds of Animals and Plants—said that AI is already helping humans communicate with bats and honeybees and this could change what we know about nature and our non-human relationships. Scientists have worked out how bats speak to each other to argue over food and how mother bats communicate with their young. Professor Bakker explained how researcher Yossi Yovel had used recordings and AI to understand bats. “Bats argue over food; they actually distinguish between genders when they communicate with one another; they have individual names, or ‘signature calls’,” she said. “Mother bats speak to their babies in a kind of ‘motherese’. Bats learn to ‘speak’ with signals from their mothers. But while human mothers raise the pitch(音高) of their voices when talking to babies，mother bats lower the pitch. She said it was a great example of how animal patterns could be revealed using sensors and microphones that would otherwise never be heard with the human ear. AI makes this possible because a computer can be trained to listen like a bat. With honeybees, the computer combines listening with vision of the bees’ body movements to understand what they are communicating. Researchers now know how be essay things such as “hush” or “stop”. Researcher Tim Landgraf even created a robot honeybee that entered a hive(蜂房) and was able to communicate with other bees when it wanted them to stop doing something or fly. 1．What is the role of AI in communicating with animals? A．Allowing humans to speak to animals. B．Translating human language into animal language. C．Transforming human thoughts into animal language. D．Helping humans understand what animals are saying. 2．What do scientists know about bats? A．They use unique names given by human. B．They live together like early human groups. C．They share their food with each other without arguing. D．They can distinguish between genders when communicating. 3．How do mother bats communicate with their young? A．By using a kind of “motherese”. B．By raising the pitch of their voices. C．By using sensors and microphones. D．By making body movements. 4．What do we know about the robot created by Tim Landgraf? A．It can speak with other bats. B．It can build a hive with bees. C．It can communicate with other bees. D．It can teach other bee show to fly and stop. 主题01 人与自我——成长 Passage 1 （24-25学年高二上·山西省吕梁市·期末） A research team co-led by a physician-scientist at the University of Arizona College of Medicine — Tucson ’s Sarver Heart Center found that a group of artificial heart patients can regenerate heart muscle, which may open the door to new ways to treat and perhaps someday cure heart failure. According to official statistics, heart failure affects nearly 7 million U.S. adults and is responsible for 14% of deaths per year. The only treatment for advanced heart failure, other than a transplant, is pump replacement through an artificial heart, called a left ventricular (心室的) assist device, which can help the heart pump blood. Sadek led a collaboration between international experts to investigate whether heart muscles can regenerate. The project began with tissue from artificial heart patients provided by colleagues at the University of Utah Health and School of Medicine. The investigators found that patients with artificial hearts regenerated muscle cells at more than six times the rate of healthy hearts. “This is the strongest evidence we have, so far, that human heart muscle cells can actually regenerate, which really is exciting, because it strengthens the thought that there is an intrinsic capacity of the human heart to regenerate naturally,” Sadek said. “It also strongly supports the view that the inability of the heart muscle to ‘rest’ is a major driver of the heart’s lost ability to regenerate shortly after birth.” “It’s not clear why some patients respond and some don’t, but it’s very clear that the ones who respond have the ability to regenerate heart muscle,” he said. “The exciting part now is to determine how we can make everyone a responder, because if you can, you can essentially cure heart failure. The beauty of this is that a mechanical heart is not a therapy we hope to deliver to our patients in the future — these devices are tried and true, and we’ve been using them for years.” Next, Sadek wants to figure out why only about 25% of patients are “responders” to artificial hearts, meaning that their heart muscle regenerates. 1．What is the significance of the new finding according to the first paragraph? A．To help doctors implant artificial hearts in operations. B．To assist researchers to develop artificial heart muscle. C．To help find approaches to treating and even curing heart failure. D．To assist scientists to find new ways to regenerate heart muscle. 2．What is the only treatment for advanced heart failure besides a transplant? A．To implant an artificial heart to replace pump. B．To help the heart pump blood through the body. C．To regenerate the heart muscle by taking medicine. D．To replace patients’ hearts with real human hearts. 3．What does the underlined word “intrinsic” in paragraph 4 probably mean? A．Endangered. B．Acquired. C．Inborn. D．Implanted. 4．What will Sadek study next? A．To figure out why the human heart fails to rest. B．To develop a new artificial heart for “responders”. C．To find the best cure for heart failure for “responders”. D．To work out why heart muscle regenerates merely in some patients. Passage 2 （24-25学年高二上·陕西省西安市·期末） There is one language that is used in every country in the world. The people who use it are young and old, short and tall, thin and fat. It is everybody’s second language. It is easy to understand, although you can’t hear it. It is sign language. When you wave to a friend who is across the street, you are using sign language. When you smile at someone, you’re saying, “I want to be friendly”, but you are not using speech. You are using sign language. When you raise your hand in class, you are saying, “Please ask me, I think I know the correct answer.” Babies who can’t talk can point at things. They are using sign language. A policeman who wants to stop traffic holds up his hands, he is using sign language. Many years ago, the French priest, Charles Michel de Epee, became interested in education for deaf people. He invented a finger alphabet. It is still in use. People can make the sign for letters and spell words with their hands. And the deaf people can read and understand them. Soon there were schools for the deaf in many countries. The only university for the deaf is Gallaudet College in Washington, D．C． Today, in the United States, there are special TV news programs for deaf people. The newsreader tells the news in sign language. At the same time, the words appear on the TV screen. The actors in the Theatre of Deaf don’t spell every word. Sometimes they use hand signs. When they put two hands together, it means sandwich. They make a roof with their hands when they want to show a house. One finger in front of an actor’s mouth can mean quiet. You can talk to people who are behind windows that are closed. And when you go swimming with your friends, you can have conversations under the water. How many hand signs do you use every day? 1．Which of the following about sign language is true? A．It is a special language used in many countries in the world. B．It is a way to express one’s ideas without words. C．It is only used by the deaf. D．It can be heard. 2．If you want to express the idea “Please ask me, I think I know the correct answer”, what will you do? A．Raise your hand. B．Put one hand onto the other. C．Smile to the person. D．Make a roof with your hands. 3．What may be concluded from this passage? A．There are schools, colleges and universities for the deaf in the USA． B．The French priest Charles invented sign language. C．Even babies are using sign language. D．Sign language is used every day. 4．What’s the best title for this passage? A．How to Use Sign Language. B．A Famous Priest in France. C．An Introduction to Sign Language. D．The Importance of Sign Language. Passage 3 （24-25学年高二上·陕西省汉中市·期末） To develop one’s taste in English, the most effective way is to read a wide variety of English books. Yet one may be at a loss to choose the right books, especially as a beginner. As a native Spanish, I would like to share some of my experience. My first English novel was Jane Austen’s Pride and Prejudice, recommended by many English teachers and professors as an ideal book for English learners. But my experience was somewhat disastrous. I had great difficulty in understanding the novel, let alone enjoying it. It’s not the vocabulary that troubled me, but rather the way Austen makes sentences, and her way of thinking, which seemed too hard for me at that time. My enthusiasm was much recovered after reading Hemingway’s novel A Farewell to Arms. No long and complicated sentences. And I particularly liked his brief and straightforward (简洁的) style. So my first suggestion is, as a beginner, you’d better choose contemporary novels instead of classical ones. However, if you limit yourself to novels you will miss a lot of treasures. English essays can at once inform you, entertain you, and improve your taste in English. The best example is Bertrand Russell’s work. His simple language enables his philosophy within the reach of ordinary people. Here comes my second suggestion — essays are necessary. Never follow others’ suggestions and opinions blindly, however famous or influential (有很大影响的) the person might be. We should be open to various ideas, but always think and determine by ourselves. As a saying goes, “One man’s meat is another man’s poison”. With that in mind, we are bound to find out our favorite writers through reading and develop our fine taste in English. 1．What made the first English novel that the author read hard to understand? A．Complicated conversations. B．Sentences and Austen’s thinking style. C．The old-fashioned vocabulary. D．Not knowing the social background. 2．Which word can best describe the author’s first English novel reading experience? A．Enjoyable. B．Unique. C．Terrible. D．Inspirational. 3．What advice does the author give in the last paragraph? A．Don’t be affected by others’ ideas easily. B．Read books that are instructive. C．Choose books that challenge us most. D．Compare books before buying. 4．What is the author’s purpose of writing the passage? A．Give comments on literature works. B．Tell beginners how to choose English books. C．Encourage people to read more English books. D．Recommend first class books to English learners. 主题02 人与社会—— 技术 Passage 1 （24-25学年高二上·山西省吕梁市·期末） “Straws made from plant-based materials, such as paper and bamboo, are often advertised as being more sustainable and eco-friendly than those made from plastic,” says researcher Dr. Thimo Groffen, an environmental scientist at the University of Antwerp. “However, the presence of PFAS in these straws means that could be discredited.” PFAS chemicals, known for their longevity (持久) and potential harm, can affect humans, wildlife and the environment. They biodegrade (生物降解) very slowly over time and can exist over thousands of years in the environment, which has led to them being known as “forever chemicals”. They are linked to various health issues. Furthermore, these chemicals are used in everyday items to make them waterproof and heat-resistant. For a more in-depth analysis, the research team purchased 39 different brands of drinking straws made from five materials—paper, bamboo, glass, stainless steel and plastic, and then conducted two rounds of testing for PFAS. They found that most brands (69%) contained PFAS, with 18 different PFAS detected in total. In paper straws, PFAS was detected in 90% of the brands tested. PFAS was also detected in 80% of brands of bamboo straws, 75% of plastic straw brands and 40% of glass straw brands. They were not detected in any of the five types of steel straws tested. “The presence of PFAS in paper and bamboo straws shows they are not necessarily biodegradable,” says Dr. Groffen. “We did not detect any PFAS in stainless steel straws, so I would advise consumers to use this type of straw—or just avoid using straws.” The PFAS concentrations are low and cause a limited risk to human health, considering that most people only use straws occasionally. However, PFAS can remain in the body for many years and concentrations can build up over time. “Small amounts of PFAS, while not harmful in themselves, can add to the chemical load already present in the body,” Dr. Groffen concludes. 1．What does the underlined word “discredited” in paragraph 1 probably mean? A．Exciting. B．Questionable. C．Simple. D．Related. 2．Which of the following statements is true according to the passage? A．Researchers found PFAS in all five types of straws. B．Bamboo straws contain more PFAS than paper ones. C．PFAS chemicals are not related to health problems. D．It will be long before PFAS breaks down in the environment. 3．What will the author be likely to talk about following the last paragraph? A．Choosing only bamboo straws. B．Using stainless steel straws widely. C．The potential risks of PFAS to humans. D．The duration for PFAS to break down in the body. 4．Where is the text probably taken from? A．A diary. B．A health magazine. C．A textbook. D．An advertisement. Passage 2 （24-25学年高二上·甘肃省白银市·期末） The 2022 World Internet Conference closed on November 11, 2022 in Wuzhen, Zhejiang Province. There were a lot of cool inventions shown there. Let’s have a look at some of them. A Smart Helmet When delivery people send food around, they often use their mobile phones while riding. It’s very dangerous. To make them safer, a company has created a new helmet. It connects with the mobile phone and can “talk”. It can tell delivery people new orders and where the customers are. Delivery people can also take orders and answer messages by talking to the helmet. If the wearer has an accident, the helmet can make a call for help right away. Type with Eyes Many disabled people can’t move their hands. They find it hard to type on a computer. A company has developed eye-controlling technology. By looking at the screen and moving their eyes, people can type words easily. A Business Card? A Computer! A computer which was as big as a business card caught people’s eyes. It’s called Raspberry Pi. It’s one of the world’s smallest computers. Although it only costs a few hundred yuan, it has a memory of 8G. It is designed for learning computer programming. It can do a lot of difficult calculations. You can also use it to create your computer games. Magic Mirror for Health Scan your face, and then the software will know a lot about your health. This is what Magic Mirror can do. It’s a smart health check system. You don’t need to wear any devices. Just stand in front of it for 30 seconds, and it will know your heart conditions, blood pressure and the risks of some diseases. 1．Which is true about the smart helmet? A．It can help delivery people ride slowly B．It can remind delivery people of danger. C．It can make delivery people relaxed by talking. D．It can help delivery people work much safer. 2．How do disabled people type words on the computer with the new technology? A．By talking loudly. B．By moving their eyes. C．By waving their hands. D．By touching the keys. 3．Magic Mirror can tell people some information EXCEPT _________. A．eating habits B．blood pressure C．heart conditions D．risks of some diseases Passage 3 （24-25学年高二上·山西省太原市·期末） Lots of people are concerned about the ability that artificial intelligence (AI) has to copy their voices. When AI is used to make false recordings of things that a person never said, it is called a “deepfake (深度伪造).” However, AI is helping people who can no longer speak, regain a version of their voice. 21-year-old Alexis Bogan used to love singing along with songs by her favorite musicians like Taylor Swift. She was a singer in her school music group as a teenager. But last August, doctors successfully removed a tumor (肿瘤) from the back of her brain. Then Bogan had trouble speaking. Though she has regained some ability to speak, there is no sign that she will ever be able to speak like she used to. Last month, Bogan got her voice back in a way. Experts created a tool for her using AI. She uses a text-to-voice app on her phone by writing words and holding it up at the coffee shop so servers can hear her. The app uses OpenAI’s voice tool. Programmers trained the app using a 15-second sound recording from a cooking video Bogan made as a teenager. Most of the video had cooking sounds, so that is all they could use. But it was enough. The doctors are working with other patients to gather voice samples, hoping to bring the app to other hospitals around the world. But right now, the app, called Voice Engine, is not publicly available. The company is very limited in who we're giving the technology to because they want to be sure everyone whose voice is being used has given permission. Other AI companies, however, are making their voice-cloning services available to entertainment companies or other organizations. Bogan believes the technology will progress over time so that when she is older, she does not have to depend on the voice she had as a teenager. She is excited that she is contributing to a change that will help people who are currently using robotic-sounding voices. 1．What happened to Bogan last year? A．She had difficulty singing with famous singers. B．She had a failure in the operation on her brain. C．She failed to make her school music group. D．She lost voice after a brain surgery. 2．How does Bogan use the app tool? A．By writing down her needs in her phone. B．By making a 15-second sound recording. C．By recording a cooking video of herself. D．By copying the sound of a teenager. 3．What should the users of Voice Engine do first? A．Gather voice samples from patients. B．Permit OpenAI to use their voices. C．Record robotic-sounding voice themselves. D．Provide voice-cloning services for companies. 4．What might be the best title for the text? A．AI Generates a New Voice B．AI Can Spot Deepfake Easily C．AI Helps a Patient Regain Voice D．AI Recognizes Your Voice Well Passage 4 （24-25学年高二上·陕西省榆林市·期末） Every Monday through Friday, you may be running between work, appointments and family events— can’t the workout wait until the weekend? Maybe, according to a new report published in the journal JAMA, which found that people who exercised throughout the week and “weekend warriors”, who packed their exercise into the weekend, saw a similar reduction in the risk of heart diseases. The paper relied on data from the UK Biobank, a large biomedical database that follows residents in the long term. “A group of more than 100,000 people used accelerometers (加速度计) to track their movement over the course of a week,” the study said. Researchers then assessed the relationship between exercise patterns and events of the heart. Adults need at least 150 minutes of moderate- intensity (中等强度) physical activity per week, according to The Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans. “If you are able to achieve those guideline- recommended levels over one to two days of the week, then our findings show you’ re getting a similar benefit as people who exercise every day,” said lead study author Dr Shaan Khurshid, instructor of medicine at Harvard Medical School in Boston. “However, participants only wore the accelerometers for a week, which might not track their most regular activity patterns,” said Dr Andrew Freeman from National Jewish Health in Denver, who was not part of the research. Freeman often recommends his patients aim to exercise every day, encouraging them to engage in 30- minute exercise that’s hard enough to make them breathless. Still, there are patients who tell Freeman that they can only get a day or two of activity during the week but have more time on the weekend. Now the recent study gives him more confidence in helping them make that work. “This is at least inspiring enough for me to say to some patients, ‘Hey, there’s recent data that says if you can’t get your 30 minutes every day, getting 150 minutes over a weekend might be helpful,’” said Freeman. 1．Why did the participants wear accelerometers in the study? A．To remind them of their work. B．To warn them of accidents. C．To track their physical activity. D．To record their emotional changes. 2．How many minutes of moderate- intensity exercise are recommended for adults in a week? A．At least 30 minutes. B．At least 60 minutes. C．At least 90 minutes. D．At least 150 minutes. 3．Why does Freeman consider the study helpful? A．It gives him a way to guide his patients. B．It encourages him to work out at weekends. C．It provides an effective tool for his future study. D．It allows him more time for relaxation. 4．What is the best title for the text? A．A New Tool for Heart Health Research B．The Impact of Daily Exercise on Heart Health C．Physical Activity Prevents Heart Diseases in Adults D．Weekend- only Workouts Also Benefit Your Heart Health Passage 5 （24-25学年高二上·陕西省宝鸡市·期末） FROM PROBLEMS TO SOLUTIONS Economic development is necessary if we want to improve society. There comes a time when the old must give way to the new, and it is not possible to preserve everything from our past as we move towards the future. Finding and keeping the right balance between progress and the protection of cultural sites can be a big challenge. Big challenges, however, can sometimes lead to great solutions. In the 1950s, the Egyptian government wanted to build a new dam across the Nile in order to control floods, produce electricity, and supply water to more farmers in the area. But the proposal led to protests. Water from the dam would likely damage a number of temples and destroy cultural relics that were an important part of Egypt’s cultural heritage. After listening to the scientists who had studied the problem, and citizens who lived near the dam, the government turned to the United Nations for help in 1959. A committee was established to limit damage to the Egyptian buildings and prevent the loss of cultural relics. The group asked for contributions from different departments and raised funds within the international community. Experts investigated the issue, conducted several tests, and then made a proposal for how the buildings could be saved. Finally, a document was signed, and the work began in 1960. The project brought together governments and environmentalists from around the world. Temples and other cultural sites were taken down piece by piece, and then moved and put back together again in a place where they were safe from the water.In 1961, German engineers moved the first temple. Over the next 20 years, thousands of engineers and workers rescued 22 temples and countless cultural relics. Fifty countries donated nearly $80 million to the project. When the project ended in 1980, it was considered a great success. Not only had the countries found a path to the future that did not run over the relics of the past, but they had also learnt that it was possible for countries to work together to build a better tomorrow. The spirit of the Aswan Dam project is still alive today. Perhaps the best example is shown by UNESCO, which runs a programme that prevents world cultural heritage sites around the world from disappearing. If a problem seems too difficult for a single nation, the global community can sometimes provide a solution. 1．In which year is the first temple moved? A．1959. B．1961. C．1960. D．1980 2．Why did the Egyptian government want to attempt the building of the dam? A．Because they wanted to control floods and help economic development. B．Because they thought it not necessary to preserve everything from the past. C．Because the project could bring together governments and environmentalists from around the world. D．Because they could get help from the global community. 3．How were the temples and other cultural sites saved? A．They were rebuilt in other higher places. B．They were moved to places with no water. C．They were preserved in museums. D．They were taken down piece by piece and moved to other places where they would be safe from the water. 4．How long did it take to complete the project? A．2 years. B．19 years. C．20 years. D．21 years. 主题03 人与自然—— 探索 Passage 1 （24-25学年高二上·青海省西宁市·期末） WHY SHENNONGJIA? As we know, in 2016, Shennongjia made it on to the UNESCO World Heritage List. But there are so many important places not yet on this list. So you might ask: why Shennongjia? UNESCO awarded Shennongjia this status because it meets two criteria required by the list. It contains a naturally-balanced environment that allows the many and various species to live and prosper. It is also one of the rare locations in the world where scientists can observe in real time the ecological and biological processes that occur as the plants and animals develop and evolve. For the first criterion, Shennongjia is apparently one of the most “complete” natural areas in the world. The region rises from about 400 metres to over 3, 000 metres above sealevel, giving it the name the “Roof of Central China”. For the second criterion, we can see that Shennongjia has incredible biodiversity. Look at this slide. According to official statistics, over 3, 000 plant species have been recorded there. This represents more than ten percent of China’s total floral richness. It is a challenge to look after so many species. In winter, scientists brave heavy snow and freezing temperatures to supply food to the Golden Snub-nosed Monkey. Thanks to their efforts, the monkey’s population has doubled since the 1980s.Their number reached over 1, 300 in 2015 and continues to grow. But the most impressive aspect of Shennongjia is the local people, who take things from nature without causing damage. I visited a local village which is known for its home-made honey. What is special about the honey is that it is produced by the earliest species of Chinese bee. All of this explains why Shennongjia earned—and deserves—its place on the UNESCO World Heritage List, as well as highlighting how understanding, awareness and hard work have contributed towards protecting a unique and wonderful part of our natural world. 1．Why is Shennongjia included in the UNESCO World Heritage List? A．Because its forests stretch on and on like great green seas. B．Because it is the legendary father of Chinese herbal medicine. C．Because it satisfies the two requirements for the status. D．Because it has the mysterious creature called “Yeren”. 2．Shennongjia is also called the“ ”. A．Roof of Central China B．Roof of Northern China C．Roof of Eastern China D．Roof of Southern China 3．How does the author think of the scientists in Shennongjia? A．Patient. B．Careful. C．Confident. D．Hard-working. 4．According to the text, what impressed the author most? A．A local village. B．The local people. C．Some special monkeys. D．The wild bees. Passage 2 （24-25学年高二上·陕西省宝鸡市·期末） A tree has roots (根). People have roots too. If you get to the root of a problem, you will solve it. It’s the same thing with words. Dig deeply into a big, unfamiliar word and you will understand where it came from. As readers, especially those reading in a second language, we need to deal with the text as if we were detectives (侦探) looking for information to unlock (解开……秘密) the unknown. Like any good detective arriving on the crime scene, the first thing to do when meeting a new and difficult word is to judge the situation, to look at everything that is known and see if it helps us to understand what it means. As you know, prefixes (前缀) and suffixes (后缀) can be added to the beginning or end of words to change the meaning. Know them, and you will have the word building power. But root words are the key (关键). Take time to learn a few of these, put them in your memory, and you will become a master word detective. Let’s look at one common root word used in English. “Alter” from the Latin(拉丁语的) word means “other”. When you meet this root word, you know that the bigger word has something to do with “other”. Examine the word “alternate”. Can you find the Latin root in it? • If you and your friend like to eat out, first you pay and the other pays the next time. You are alternating paying.   • If you go to the movies on alternate Saturdays, you go on one Saturday, but not the other Saturday. • If you have no alternative, you have no other choice. Learn as many root words as possible in the language you are studying. Then use your “rooting for words” skills. Like any new skill, practice and hard work are always paid back. 1．If Jim and Lily go to the movies, which one below is “alternating paying”? A．Jim pays every time. B．They each pay half. C．They take turns paying. D．Their parents pay for them. 2．How does the author (作者) explain his ideas about root words? A．By giving a fact. B．By taking an example. C．By telling a story. D．By having a discussion. 3．“Sen” from the Latin word means “old”. Which word uses this Latin root? A．My brother is my senior by two years. B．He was ill so he was absent from school. C．A criminal was sentenced to death by law. D．60 students were present at the sports meeting. 4．Which of the following shows the structure (结构) of the passage? (①=Paragraph (段落) 1  ② =Paragraph 2, ...) A． B． C． D． Passage 3 （24-25学年高二上·山西省太原市·期末） “For a long time, I thought poetry and mountain biking were complete opposites and would not go together at all,” says Mackenzle Myatt, a cyclist and writer from Canada, who just published her first poetry book, In Defense of Big Dreams, which goes around her lifelong love of mountain biking. As long as Myatt can remember, she has been writing poetry and riding bikes. The two things were very separate sides of her — the sporty, competitive side and the part that loved books and writing, playing with language. It was only too mechanical to try to put them together until Myatt took ownership of her training and started digging into the mental and emotional side of sport. That’s when it really clicks with poetry. Mountain bikers talk about the idea of flow quite a lot. During racing, the goal is to be able to achieve flow state and be super smooth as everything is happening automatically without thinking. The feeling of inspiration in writing is similar to the flow state on a mountain bike. The flow can bring a sense of joy, which can then turn into a positive feedback loop between Myatt’s pursuits. “When I feel joy, I want to write about it now. But also, if I’m writing about joy, it encourages me to notice joy more often in daily tasks or riding bikes.” Myatt says. In a sense, Myatt’s new book marks a successful new connection between the bike and the poetry, which not only runs throughout the book’s pages, but throughout her life, too. “The book is designed to inspire girls in sport and in life, but I really think the messages are universal and I hope that everyone can enjoy this book and act on their potential.” 1．What do we know about Myatt’s book In Defense of Big Dreams? A．It was a big success. B．It was written for riders. C．It describes Myatt’s writing life. D．It combines Myatt’s two favorites. 2．How does the flow state benefit Myatt’s writing? A．It attracts more readers. B．It simplifies writing task. C．It pushes her daily practice. D．It forms a positive cycle of joy. 3．What is probably the best title? A．From a Cyclist to a Poet B．The Goal of Success: Flow State C．Flow on the Bike, Flow on the Page D．A Canadian Bestseller Written by an Athlete 试卷第6页，共32页 试卷第1页，共32页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题02 阅读理解（说明文） 主题01 人与自我——生活与学习 Passage 1 （24-25学年高二上·山西省运城市·期末） How long does it take for a reader to get a book after placing an order in a library of over 8 million? The answer from a new library in suburban Beijing is less than 15 minutes. Located in the eastern district of Tongzhou, Beijing Library has become a popular destination since it opened. It received over 80, 000 visits during the three-day New Year holiday. Book lovers are attracted not only by the library’s architectural design, but also by its large collection of books and smart services. Covering some 75,000 square meters, Beijing Library houses over 8 million books. The towering stacks (书库) on the library’s basement floor contribute to its massive capacity. They are part of the largest single automated storage and retrieval (检索) system for books in China. The stacks have a total storage area of less than 3,000 square meters, yet they can store up to 7.1 million books largely due to their special design. Besides, the smart system includes various types of smart equipment like robots, which enable intelligent book delivery and sorting. The automated book storage and retrieval system functions like the smart brain of the library, enabling an array of highly efficient services that reduce manual labor. Beijing Library is not alone in adopting innovative storage methods. The Suzhou No. 2 Library, which opened in late 2019, was the first Chinese library to apply the smart book storage and retrieval system. To make borrowing books easier, visitors to Beijing Library can register for a seamless (无缝的) borrowing service empowered by facial recognition and other technologies. A digital guide at the library’s entrance also offers on-demand interactions with visitors. Readers who want to avoid travel to the library can use the online borrowing service, which will deliver the book to their doorstep. The library’s online borrowing service is open to readers not only in Beijing but also in neighboring areas. “It’s quite a refreshing experience to visit the library,” says Meng Fan, a local sixth-grader. “The books here enrich our mind, and some of the smart services here can blow our mind.” 1．Which of the following is a reason for Beijing Library’s popularity? A．Its location is convenient. B．Its outer walls are unique. C．It has a large collection of books. D．It is the largest library of Beijing. 2．What do Beijing Library and Suzhou No. 2 Library have in common? A．They both offer a digital guide. B．They both use the facial recognition technology. C．They both adopt special architectural designs. D．They both use the smart book storage and retrieval system. 3．What do we know about the online borrowing service of Beijing Library? A．It is open to readers nationwide. B．It can deliver books in and around Beijing. C．It can only be used by the librarians. D．It still needs to be upgraded. 4．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．The Smart Service of Beijing Library B．The Popularity of Beijing Library C．The History of Beijing Library D．The Future Development of Beijing Library 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．B 4．A 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了北京图书馆，包括其受欢迎的原因、藏书量、智能的图书存储和检索系统、便捷的借阅服务等，重点突出了其智能服务。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Book lovers are attracted not only by the library’s architectural design, but also by its large collection of books and smart services.( 引书迷的不仅是图书馆的建筑设计，还有它丰富的藏书和智能的服务。)”可知，北京图书馆吸引读者的原因不仅有建筑设计，还有大量的藏书和智能服务。故选C项。 2．细节理解题。根据第四段中“Besides, the smart system includes various types of smart equipment like robots, which enable intelligent book delivery and sorting. The automated book storage and retrieval system functions like the smart brain of the library, enabling an array of highly efficient services that reduce manual labor.( 此外，智能系统包括各种类型的智能设备，如机器人，可以实现智能图书交付和分类。自动图书存储和检索系统的功能就像图书馆的智能大脑，可以提供一系列高效的服务，减少人工劳动。)”以及第五段“Beijing Library is not alone in adopting innovative storage methods. The Suzhou No. 2 Library, which opened in late 2019, was the first Chinese library to apply the smart book storage and retrieval system.( 北京图书馆并不是唯一采用创新存储方法的图书馆。苏州第二图书馆于2019年底开馆，是国内首家应用智能图书检索系统的图书馆。)”可知，北京图书馆和苏州第二图书馆都采用了智能图书存储和检索系统。故选D项。 3．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“Readers who want to avoid travel to the library can use the online borrowing service, which will deliver the book to their doorstep. The library’s online borrowing service is open to readers not only in Beijing but also in neighboring areas.( 想要避免去图书馆的读者可以使用在线借阅服务，该服务将把书送到他们家门口。该图书馆的网上借阅服务不仅对北京的读者开放，而且对邻近地区的读者开放。)”可知，北京图书馆的在线借阅服务不仅对北京的读者开放，也对周边地区的读者开放，并且会把书送到读者家门口，也就是它可以在北京及周边地区送书。故选B项。 4．主旨大意题。根据文章大意以及第二段中“It received over 80, 000 visits during the three-day New Year holiday. Book lovers are attracted not only by the library’s architectural design, but also by its large collection of books and smart services.( 在为期三天的新年假期中，它接待了8万多名游客。吸引书迷的不仅是图书馆的建筑设计，还有它丰富的藏书和智能的服务。)”可知，文章主要介绍了北京图书馆，包括其受欢迎的原因、藏书量、智能的图书存储和检索系统、便捷的借阅服务等，重点突出了其智能服务。A选项“北京图书馆的智能服务”能很好地概括文章内容，作为标题合适。故选A项。 Passage 2 （24-25学年高二上·陕西省西安市·期末） For many people, breakfast — often called the most important meal of the day — is also the day’s least-exciting meal. Foods at breakfast are typically simple, quick, and easy to prepare and eat. And when people find a breakfast option they like, they generally stick with it, day after day, scientists have found. When researchers evaluated the daily eating habits in thousands of U. S. And French study subjects, they saw that people repeatedly ate the same thing for breakfast and were happy to do so. By comparison, when those people sat down to have lunch or dinner, they expected greater variety and wanted a more pleasurable experience from their meals. Researchers analyzed data in which a group of l, 275 American volunteers and a group of 2, 624 French volunteers reported what they ate for different meals to find patterns in meal experiences. They discovered that in both groups, 68 % of the participants ate the same breakfast at least twice in one week, and French people did so even more often than Americans did. By comparison, just 9 % of the people repeated a dinner they had already eaten and this repetition was higher for the American participants than for the French participants. The researchers then proposed that psychological (心理的) factors could also map onto circadian rhythms (昼夜节律) to further push people toward certain meal choice. Early in the day, when energy levels are higher, people tend to make practical choice. This makes it more likely that they’d be guided by practicality over pleasure when eating breakfast and would therefore be satisfied with a meal choice that they don’t have to think about too much. And it would be more possible for them to find one breakfast they like and then eat the same thing over and over again, according to the study. But as the day progresses, and a person’s energy increased and decreased, the importance of practical goals reduces. Pleasure-sacking becomes more important, and a person would then be more likely to seek variety in tastes and texture. However, even though culture, biology, and psychology make it seem natural to seek practical goals for breakfast, by consciously introducing variation into weekday breakfasts, breakfast can become much more enjoyable, which can help set a more positive tone for the rest of the day. 1．What did the researchers find in their study? A．People have realized the benefits of eating breakfast. B．People think it hard to find their favorite breakfast. C．People usually spend a lot of time on cooking. D．People tend to repeat their breakfast option. 2．Which method did the researchers most likely use to collect data? A．Making surveys. B．Performing experiments. C．Working with local restaurants. D．Observing participants’ daily diets. 3．What did the researchers conclude from people’s circadian rhythms? A．Eating regularly contributes to good health. B．People’s attitudes towards breakfast vary throughout the day. C．People’s mood is the decisive factor in choosing their breakfast. D．Energy changes throughout the day greatly affect people’s food choices. 4．Which of the following could be the best title for the text? A．The Significance of Breakfast in Our Daily Life B．Breakfast Habits: Why We Repeat C．Differences in Meal Choices between Americans and French D．The Influence of Circadian Rhythms on Our Eating Patterns 【答案】1．D 2．A 3．D 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，属于“人与自我”主题语境。文章介绍了一项关于早餐选择与心情的研究。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段中“And when people find a breakfast option they like, they generally stick with it, day after day, scientists have found.(科学家发现，当人们找到自己喜欢的早餐选择时，他们通常会日复一日地坚持下去)”可知，人们倾向于重复自己的早餐选择。故选D。 2．推理判断题。根据第三段中“Researchers analyzed data in which a group of l, 275 American volunteers and a group of 2, 624 French volunteers reported what they ate for different meals to find patterns in meal experiences.(研究人员分析了一组由1275名美国志愿者和2624名法国志愿者组成的数据，这些数据报告了他们在不同的膳食中吃了什么，以发现饮食体验的模式)”可推知，研究者通过让参与者主动汇报饮食情况收集数据，属于问卷调查。故选A。 3．推理判断题。根据第三段中“The researchers then proposed that psychological (心理的) factors could also map onto circadian rhythms (昼夜节律) to further push people toward certain meal choice. Early in the day, when energy levels are higher, people tend to make practical choice.(研究人员随后提出，心理因素也可以映射到昼夜节律，从而进一步推动人们做出特定的饮食选择。在一天的早些时候，当能量水平较高时，人们倾向于做出实用的选择)”和第四段中“But as the day progresses, and a person’s energy increased and decreased, the importance of practical goals reduces.(但随着时间的推移，一个人的精力增加和减少，实用目标的重要性降低了)”可推知，一天中能量的变化会极大地影响食物选择。故选D。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文，结合第一段中“And when people find a breakfast option they like, they generally stick with it, day after day, scientists have found.(科学家发现，当人们找到自己喜欢的早餐选择时，他们通常会日复一日地坚持下去)”可知，文中解释了早餐重复选择的原因，如心理和昼夜节律因素，B项“早餐习惯：为什么我们要重复”与主旨高度契合；文章开篇虽提早餐重要，但重点在其选择习惯及改善，A选项“早餐在我们日常生活中的重要性”只涉开头一点，未涵盖关键的重复性和改善内容，太片面；文章虽有美法饮食差异数据，但只是辅助说明早餐与其他餐食选择特点，并非核心，C选项“美国人和法国人在饮食选择上的差异”未抓住早餐习惯及改善重点；昼夜节律只是部分因素，文章还包括早餐选择的其他方面及改善，D选项“昼夜节律对我们饮食模式的影响”不全面。故选B。 Passage 3 （24-25学年高二上·山西省吕梁市·期末） The UK Antarctic Heritage Trust is looking to hire five people — a base leader, a shop manager, and three general assistants — to work at the “Penguin Post Office” in Port Lockroy, Antarctica. The five-month project is open to UK residents over the age of 18. It will begin in early October 2024 and last until March 2025. Responsibilities will include organizing the over 80,000 letters and postcards sent by the 18,000 tourists or so. Employees will also help sell postage stamps, run the small gift shop, and look after the aging building. But their most important duty will be to keep track of about 1,500 penguins. Exciting as it may sound, the UK Antarctic Heritage Trust warns applicants that the jobs are not for the weak-hearted. Even during summer, temperatures on the icy continent can drop as low as -5℃. Additionally, the five people will live in a single bedroom with a tiny gas-powered kitchen. They will use a camping toilet, which must be emptied daily. There is limited phone and Internet access and no running water. Visiting ships offer workers showers every few days. But in poor weather conditions, they may have to do without a shower for extended periods. Emergency medical services could take up to a week! However, the biggest challenge will be the smell of penguin waste that will surround them for five months! Despite these difficulties, the positions, which open up every summer, receive thousands of applications each year. Camilla Nichol, the Trust’s CEO, is not surprised. She believes that for the right individuals, the jobs provide a unique opportunity to live in a landscape that makes people feel the beauty and power of nature. 1．What do we know about the “Penguin Post Office”? A．It’s open to all British. B．It will run for half a year. C．Its employees will mainly interact with tourists. D．Its positions are only available in the summer of Antarctic. 2．What will challenge applicants most? A．The low temperature. B．No water for a shower. C．The smell of penguin waste. D．Limited access to the Internet. 3．What can be inferred about the project from the passage? A．It is well received. B．It is open throughout the year. C．It needs five more general assistants. D．It offers jobs for the heat-resistant. 4．What’s mainly talked about in the passage? A．Difficulties of living in the Antarctic. B．Individuals wanted by penguins. C．Benefits of working in the Polar Area. D．Challenges penguins are facing. 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．A 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了“Penguin Post Office”招聘助手的情况，并列举了招聘岗位及工作要求。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“It will begin in early October 2024 and last until March 2025.(它将于2024年10月初开始，持续到2025年3月)”可知，职位只有在南极的夏天才有。故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“However, the biggest challenge will be the smell of penguin waste that will surround them for five months!(然而，最大的挑战将是企鹅粪便的气味，这将围绕他们五个月！)”可知，申请者最大的挑战是企鹅粪便的味道。故选C。 3．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Despite these difficulties, the positions, which open up every summer, receive thousands of applications each year.(尽管存在这些困难，这些每年夏天开放的职位每年都会收到数千份申请)”可知，这个项目很受欢迎。故选A。 4．主旨大意题。根据第一段“The UK Antarctic Heritage Trust is looking to hire five people — a base leader, a shop manager, and three general assistants — to work at the “Penguin Post Office” in Port Lockroy, Antarctica.(英国南极遗产信托基金会正在招聘5人——一名基地负责人、一名商店经理和三名一般助理——在南极洲洛克洛港的“企鹅邮局”工作)”以及文章主要列举了招聘岗位及工作要求等内容可知，这篇文章主要讨论了“Penguin Post Office”招聘助手的情况，是企鹅所需要的工作人员。故选B。 主题02 人与社会——科技 Passage 1 （24-25学年高二上·陕西省咸阳市·期末） While AI can beat us at chess, driving cars, and even composing music, making us laugh seems to be its final boundary. My musical comedy, Artificially Intelligent, was inspired by the time I asked AI to write me a show based on my life, and it gave me some madly terrible results. I performed some of its materials in the show, and I even made AI write a song for an audience member live on the spot, and it was always funny in its terribleness. It generated songs telling the audience member who is a doctor to hit the eyes of her co-worker who she is always arguing with. However, this wasn’t independent thinking; we had to feed AI as much information as possible to get any results from it. When it comes to actually getting AI to craft jokes on its own, it can’t. The problem with AI and comedy is its lack of human nuance (细微差别) for humor. AI might be able to create a joke structure, but it does not have the ability to pull from personal experience. It lacks a point of view, situational awareness, context, and cultural awareness needed for good comedy. Irony (讽刺), a complex form of human communication, is hard for AI because of its reliance on context, tone, and cultural knowledge. Unlike humans, AI can’t infer meaning beyond clear statements. Irony involves saying one thing but meaning another, relying on shared context, but AI only processes text and can’t pick up audio and visual cues for irony. AI must signal it’s making a joke. As of now, though AI has made impressive progress in some areas, it is absolutely not funny, but in the future theoretically yes. When technology advances to the point where robots are walking around with free will and independent thinking, experiencing life and potentially even emotions, they would theoretically begin to have enough viewpoints to create comedy, or an activity that voices their experience of being an AI. However, this would create its own culture and would only be relatable to other AIs. The truth is that audience is really enjoying the AI-generated material in my show, even if the joke is bad. But — technically — does that make it funny? 1．How does the author illustrate AI’s limitation in making jokes in Paragraph 2? A．By providing data. B．By giving an example. C．By showing a survey result. D．By making a comparison. 2．What does the author try to explain in Paragraph 3? A．What AI jokes are made up of. B．How AI understands the meaning of irony. C．Why AI fails to create a good joke actually. D．Whether AI can learn from funny experiences. 3．What does the author think of AI in the future? A．It will relate its culture to humans. B．It will teach itself the theory of comedy. C．It will be free to express others’ feelings. D．It will develop its own culture of humor. 4．Which can be a suitable title for this passage? A．Will AI ever be funny? B．Is AI going to learn to laugh? C．Is AI the future of entertainment? D．Will AI be the pioneer in new fields? 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．D 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了人工智能（AI）在制作幽默内容方面所面临的挑战，尤其是其在理解讽刺、细微差别和文化背景等方面的局限性以及未来的可能性。 1．推理判断题。根据第二段“My musical comedy, Artificially Intelligent, was inspired by the time I asked AI to write me a show based on my life, and it gave me some madly terrible results.(我的音乐喜剧《人工智能》的灵感来自于我让人工智能根据我的生活为我写一个节目，它给了我一些非常糟糕的结果)”以及“When it comes to actually getting AI to craft jokes on its own, it can’t.(当涉及到让AI自己制作笑话时，它无法做到)”可知，作者在第二段通过举例来说明人工智能在创作笑话方面的局限性。故选B。 2．主旨大意题。根据第三段“The problem with AI and comedy is its lack of human nuance (细微差别) for humor.(AI和喜剧的问题在于其缺乏人类对幽默的细微差别)”以及“Irony involves saying one thing but meaning another, relying on shared context, but AI only processes text and can’t pick up audio and visual cues for irony. AI must signal it’s making a joke.(讽刺意味着说的是一件事，意思是另一件事，依赖于共享的上下文，但人工智能只处理文本，无法获取讽刺的音频和视觉线索。人工智能必须发出开玩笑的信号)”可知，本段主要解释了为什么AI实际上无法创造出好的笑话。故选C。 3．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“When technology advances to the point where robots are walking around with free will and independent thinking, experiencing life and potentially even emotions, they would theoretically begin to have enough viewpoints to create comedy, or an activity that voices their experience of being an AI. However, this would create its own culture and would only be relatable to other AIs.(当技术进步到机器人可以自由行走、独立思考、体验生活甚至可能有情感的程度时，理论上它们就会开始有足够的观点来创作喜剧，或者通过一种活动来表达它们作为人工智能的体验。然而，这将创造自己的文化，并且只与其他AI相关)”可推知，作者认为未来的AI将会发展自身的幽默文化。故选D。 4．主旨大意题。根据第一段“While AI can beat us at chess, driving cars, and even composing music, making us laugh seems to be its final boundary.(虽然人工智能可以在国际象棋、驾驶汽车甚至作曲方面击败我们，但让我们发笑似乎是它的最终界限)”结合文章介绍了人工智能（AI）在制作幽默内容方面所面临的挑战，尤其是其在理解讽刺、细微差别和文化背景等方面的局限性以及未来的可能性。最佳标题应为“AI会变得幽默吗？”。故选A。 Passage 2 （24-25学年高二上·山西省阳泉市·期末） In recent years, second-hand shopping has gained popularity in the UK, particularly around Christmas time, as more people choose to give pre-loved gifts. Charity shops, such as those run by Oxfam, have witnessed a significant increase in customers. One busy afternoon in London’s Marylebone High Street, the Oxfam shop beat the upper class retailers (零售商) in foot traffic, with shoppers looking for affordable yet meaningful presents. Ollie Mead, who oversees shop displays for Oxfam in London, notes that since September, there’s been a notable rise in people’s option for second-hand gifts. Oxfam stores offer a range of items, from toys to clothes, all priced much lower than new goods. This tendency is part of a broader change, with UK consumers expected to spend £2 billion on second-hand Christmas gifts this year, according to a report by Vinted and Retail Economics. Apart from cost-of-living pressures, sustainability (可持续性) concerns have been a more important motivator of this change. Many shoppers, like doctor Ed Burdett, are motivated by both the money savings and the desire to give “things another life”. “It’s nice to spend less, and to know that it goes to a good place rather than a high street shop,” Burdett explains. Wayne Hemingway, co-founder of Charity Super Mkt, which places charity shops in untaken retail spaces, says second-hand shopping at Christmas has become more mainstream. He notes that when he started selling second-hand clothes decades ago, sales would drop during Christmas, but now his shops are seeing a 20% increase in sales, similar to those of new stores. Young consumers, especially those interested in sustainable fashion and the recycling economy, are firing this movement. While some people, like 56-year-old Jennifer Odibo, still prefer to buy new items for Christmas, experts like sociology researcher Tetyana Solovey see a switch in awareness. She believes that reusing items could become a sustainable tradition, offering a fresh approach to holiday gifting. Although some still view second-hand gifts as unconventional, many are embracing the idea of giving new life to second-hand items, making it a more popular and sustainable choice this Christmas season. 1．Why is the Oxfam shop in London’s Marylebone High Street mentioned? A．To explain the reasons for exchanging gifts. B．To highlight its location in downtown London. C．To show people’s preference for second-hand items. D．To reflect people’s shopping habits during Christmas. 2．What is a greater driver of the change in this shopping practice? A．Economic stress. B．Sustainability awareness. C．Advertisements of retailers. D．Good quality of second-hand items. 3．What can we learn about Jennifer Odibo? A．He prefers advanced stuff. B．He sticks to traditional practice. C．He jumps at new shopping ideas. D．He has a passion for gift exchange. 4．What is the suitable title of the text? A．Innovative Approach of Promoting Sales. B．Popularity of Leading a More Affordable Life. C．Growing Tendency of Second-Hand Christmas Gifts. D．New Life of Charity Shops Fired by Young Customers. 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．B 4．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述圣诞节期间购买二手商品作为节日礼物逐渐流行起来。 1．推理判断题。根据第一段“In recent years, second-hand shopping has gained popularity in the UK, particularly around Christmas time, as more people choose to give pre-loved gifts. Charity shops, such as those run by Oxfam, have witnessed a significant increase in customers. One busy afternoon in London’s Marylebone High Street, the Oxfam shop beat the upper class retailers in foot traffic, with shoppers looking for affordable yet meaningful presents. (近年来，二手购物在英国越来越受欢迎，尤其是在圣诞节前后，因为越来越多的人选择送自己喜欢的礼物。乐施会等慈善商店的顾客大幅增加。一个繁忙的下午，在伦敦Marylebone High Street，乐施会商店的客流量超过了上流社会的零售商，顾客们都在寻找价格实惠但又有意义的礼物)”可知，提到位于 London’s Marylebone High Street的 Oxfam商店是为了说明主题：人们对二手物品的喜爱。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段“Apart from cost-of-living pressures, sustainability concerns have been a more important motivator of this change. (除了生活费用的压力外，对可持续性的关注是这种变化的一个更重要的动机)”可知，这种购物行为变化的一个更重要的推手是可持续性意识。故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据第五段“While some people, like 56-year-old Jennifer Odibo, still prefer to buy new items for Christmas, experts like sociology researcher Tetyana Solovey see a switch in awareness. (虽然有些人，比如56岁的詹妮弗·奥迪博，仍然喜欢为圣诞节买新东西，但社会学研究员特提亚娜·索洛维等专家看到了人们意识上的转变)”可知，Jennifer Odibo依然喜欢为圣诞节购买新物品，所以他坚持传统的做法。故选B。 4．主旨大意题。根据第一段“In recent years, second-hand shopping has gained popularity in the UK, particularly around Christmas time, as more people choose to give pre-loved gifts. (近年来，二手购物在英国越来越受欢迎，尤其是在圣诞节前后，因为越来越多的人选择送自己喜欢的礼物)”结合文章讲述圣诞节期间购买二手商品作为节日礼物流行起来。所以C项“二手圣诞礼物的增长趋势”适合做标题。故选C。 Passage 3 （24-25学年高二上·山西省运城市·期末） Warming seas across the globe are endangering coral reefs, a key ecosystem that supports marine life to live and thrive. As a novel approach to saving them from extinction, scientists have recently frozen groups of adult corals for the first time and then revived them, according to a recent study. Freezing biological materials, or “cryopreserving” them, refers to keeping them in a deep freeze for long periods without affecting the cell’s viability (活性) , according to the Science Times website. This method usually cools them to very low temperatures, commonly to -196℃. Since cells would normally die at such a low temperature due to the formation of ice inside, scientists need to monitor the freezing rate and choose the freezing medium carefully. Researchers in the U. S. experimented with freezing pea-sized pieces of a common coral in Hawaii. After removing the microbes (微生物) on the corals, they sealed the corals in metal containers filled with a chemical solution that partially dehydrated (脱水) them and helped control ice growth. When the corals reached a temperature of around -200℃, the remaining water in the corals solidified into a glassy form. The corals were still alive, with their life-driving functions becoming extremely slow. After being cryopreserved for a few minutes, the researchers pulled the corals out and placed them in warm water. In two minutes, they started consuming oxygen-a sign of them staying alive. Previously, researchers had already successfully cryopreserved coral larvae (幼虫) , according to a study in 2018. However, the larvae can only be collected when corals produce eggs in large quantities, which happens just a few nights each year. “That’s putting a lot of eggs in one basket,” U. S. marine scientist Liza Roger told Science News. This breakthrough offers more hope to the world’s corals, said Roger. However, there’s more work to be done. A few days after warming up, the corals became “stressed out” from the process and were killed by the bacteria they normally live in harmony with. The researchers are working on using antibiotics (抗生素) to help them survive for a longer period of time. 1．What is the text mainly about? A．Freezing corals for future use. B．Killing bacteria to rescue corals. C．Discovering a cooling method. D．Protecting corals in a new way. 2．What is the key element in the new method of saving corals? A．Metal containers. B．Dry ice. C．Low temperature. D．Proper cells. 3．How did researchers identify the cryopreserved corals were alive? A．They became smaller. B．They began to breathe. C．They started to move. D．They stretched out. 4．What may future research focus on? A．Extending the life of the corals. B．Maintaining the temperature. C．Warming up the corals carefully. D．Helping larvae lay more eggs. 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．B 4．A 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了科学家通过冷冻和复活成年珊瑚群来保护珊瑚免于灭绝的研究。 1．主旨大意题。根据文章大意以及第一段“Warming seas across the globe are endangering coral reefs, a key ecosystem that supports marine life to live and thrive. As a novel approach to saving them from extinction, scientists have recently frozen groups of adult corals for the first time and then revived them, according to a recent study.( 全球海洋变暖正在危及珊瑚礁，而珊瑚礁是支撑海洋生物生存和繁荣的关键生态系统。根据最近的一项研究，作为一种拯救它们免于灭绝的新方法，科学家们最近首次冻结了成年珊瑚群，然后让它们复活。)”可知，文章开篇指出全球变暖的海洋危及珊瑚礁这一关键生态系统，接着介绍科学家首次采用冷冻并复活成年珊瑚的新方法来拯救它们免于灭绝，后文围绕这一新方法展开阐述，包括冷冻过程、之前的研究情况以及目前存在的问题等，所以文章主要讲的是用一种新方法保护珊瑚。故选D项。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段“Freezing biological materials, or “cryopreserving” them, refers to keeping them in a deep freeze for long periods without affecting the cell’s viability (活性) , according to the Science Times website. This method usually cools them to very low temperatures, commonly to -196℃. Since cells would normally die at such a low temperature due to the formation of ice inside, scientists need to monitor the freezing rate and choose the freezing medium carefully.( 据《科学时报》网站报道，冷冻生物材料，或称“冷冻保存”，指的是在不影响细胞活力的情况下，将它们长时间保存在深度冷冻中。这种方法通常将它们冷却到非常低的温度，通常是-196℃。在如此低的温度下，由于内部结冰，细胞通常会死亡，因此科学家需要监测冷冻速率并仔细选择冷冻介质。)”可知，新方法保存珊瑚的关键是将其冷却到非常低的温度。故选C项。 3．细节理解题。根据第三段中“After being cryopreserved for a few minutes, the researchers pulled the corals out and placed them in warm water. In two minutes, they started consuming oxygen-a sign of them staying alive.( 在低温保存几分钟后，研究人员将珊瑚取出并将其放入温水中。两分钟后，它们开始消耗氧气——这表明它们还活着。)”可知，研究人员通过观察珊瑚开始消耗氧气，即开始“呼吸”，来确定冷冻保存的珊瑚还活着。故选B项。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“A few days after warming up, the corals became “stressed out” from the process and were killed by the bacteria they normally live in harmony with. The researchers are working on using antibiotics (抗生素) to help them survive for a longer period of time.( 在变暖几天后，珊瑚在这个过程中变得“压力山大”，并被它们通常和谐相处的细菌杀死。研究人员正在研究使用抗生素来帮助它们存活更长的时间。)”可知，珊瑚解冻几天后会因压力过大被原本共生的细菌杀死，研究人员正在努力使用抗生素帮助它们存活更长时间，所以未来研究可能会聚焦于延长珊瑚的寿命。故选A项。 Passage 4 （24-25学年高二上·陕西省咸阳市·期末） NOBEL PRIZES 2024The Nobel Prize in Physics 2024 John Hopfield; Geoffrey Hinton “for foundational discoveries and inventions that enable machine learning with artificial neural networks” John Hopfield created a structure that can store and reconstruct information and Geoffrey Hinton invented a method that can independently discover properties in data, which has become important for the large artificial neural networks now in use.The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2024 David Baker “for computational protein design” Demis Hassabis; John Jumper “for protein structure prediction” The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2024 is about proteins. David Baker has succeeded with the almost impossible achievement of building entirely new kinds of proteins. Demis Hassabis and John Jumper have developed an AI model to solve a 50-year-old problem: predicting proteins’ complex strictures.The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2024 Victor Ambros; Gary Ruvkun “for the discovery of microRNA and its role in post-transcriptional gene regulation” Victor Ambros and Gary Ruvkun discovered microRNA, a new class of tiny RNA molecules that play a crucial role in gene regulation. Their groundbreaking discovery in the small worm C． elegans revealed a completely new principle of gene regulation. This turned out to be essential for multicellular organisms, including humans.The Nobel Prize in Literature 2024 Han Kang “for her intense poetic prose that confronts historical traumas directly and exposes the fragility (脆弱) of human life” In all her works, Han Kang faces historical traumas and invisible sets of rules and each of her works exposes the fragility of human life. She has a unique awareness of the connections between body and soul, the living and the dead, and with her poetic and experimental style, Han Kang has become a creator in contemporary prose. 1．Who won the Nobel Prize in Physics 2024 for artificial neural networks? A．John Hopfield and Geoffrey Hinton. B．Victor Ambros and Gary Ruvkun. C．Demis Hassabis and John Jumper. D．John Hopfield and John Jumper. 2．What is the focus of Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2024? A．Gene regulation. B．Machine learning. C．Protein design and prediction. D．MicroRNA discovery. 3．What can be known from the text? A．MicroRNA plays a crucial role in machine learning. B．David Baker has succeeded in building an AI model to predict proteins. C．Geoffrey Hinton created a structure that can store and reconstruct information. D．Han Kang’s works mainly explore historical traumas and the weakness of human life. 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．D 【导语】这是一篇说明文，文章主要介绍了2024年诺贝尔物理学奖、化学奖、生理学或医学奖以及文学奖的获奖者及其获奖原因等相关信息。 1．细节理解题。根据The Nobel Prize in Physics 2024部分中“John Hopfield; Geoffrey Hinton”和“for foundational discoveries and inventions that enable machine learning with artificial neural networks(因人工神经网络实现机器学习的基础性发现和发明)”可知， John Hopfield和Geoffrey Hinton因人工神经网络获得2024年诺贝尔物理学奖。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2024部分中“for computational protein design(因计算蛋白质设计)”和“for protein structure prediction(因蛋白质结构预测)”可知，2024年诺贝尔化学奖重点是蛋白质设计和预测，故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据最后一段中“In all her works, Han Kang faces historical traumas and invisible sets of rules and each of her works exposes the fragility of human life.(在她的所有作品中，韩江都面对着历史的创伤和无形的规则，每一件作品都暴露了人类生命的脆弱性)”可知，韩江的作品主要探讨历史的创伤和人类生命的弱点，故选D。 Passage 5 （24-25学年高二上·山西省阳泉市·期末） Sweetgreen, a California-based restaurant chain, has made its latest innovation public, the Infinite Kitchen, at its Willis Tower location in Chicago. This automated system transforms the salad-making process by combining speed, accuracy, and freshness, offering an improved dining experience for customers. The Infinite Kitchen, first introduced in select locations, uses a futuristic producing line of robotic chefs to craft salads like Kale Caesar and Hummus Crunch with exacting standards. Ingredients are divided, mixed, and maintained at ideal temperatures, ensuring consistency and quality. While robots handle the preparation, human team members manage machine refilling and finishing touches. Chicago’s Willis Tower restaurant is the first to adopt a hybrid model, operating both traditional and automated salad lines. This approach allows Sweetgreen to refine the Infinite Kitchen system while maintaining the personal touch of human interactions. The automated kitchen also promises increased productivity, with a seven percent reduction in workforce costs reported across participating locations. Sweetgreen, founded in 2007, has grown into a national chain with 245 locations across the U. S., aiming to improve fast food with fresh, healthy options. By next year, Sweetgreen plans to apply the technology to all new restaurants. The cost of installing (安装) the system, about $450,000-$550,000 per location, is seen as a contribution in future savings. Sweetgreen co-founder Nicolas Jammet highlights that no employees have been laid off due to automation; instead, they have been rearranged to customer-focused roles. Despite challenges like reduced office lunch crowds in Chicago in the past three years, the Willis Tower location continues to serve thousands of customers daily. The Infinite Kitchen aims to handle peak-hour demand more effectively, speeding up service while maintaining high-quality meals. As Sweetgreen looks to improve this technology, it’s preparing the way for a cooperative future between humans and machines, aiming to “reimagine the fast food experience”. Robots deliver speed and accuracy, while humans focus on providing a friendly, welcoming environment. 1．What is Paragraph 2 mainly about? A．Advantages of robotic chefs. B．Human’s role in the automated system. C．Operating mode of the Infinite Kitchen. D．Characteristics of salad produced by machine. 2．What does the underlined word “refine” in Paragraph 3 mean? A．Repair. B．Upgrade. C．Recycle. D．Distinguish. 3．What have happened to the staff in Sweetgreen according to Nicolas Jammet? A．Their salaries have gone up. B．They have been out of work. C．Their working intensity has increased. D．They have new tasks in the restaurant. 4．What is the future of Sweetgreen probably like? A．Promising. B．Demanding. C．Unchanging. D．Disturbing. 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．D 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了加利福尼亚连锁餐厅 Sweetgreen推出机器人厨房，它通过自动化系统制作沙拉。 1．主旨大意题。根据第二段“The Infinite Kitchen, first introduced in select locations, uses a futuristic producing line of robotic chefs to craft salads like Kale Caesar and Hummus Crunch with exacting standards. Ingredients are divided, mixed, and maintained at ideal temperatures, ensuring consistency and quality. While robots handle the preparation, human team members manage machine refilling and finishing touches.( 无限厨房”（Infinite Kitchen）首先在选定的地点推出，使用一条由机器人厨师组成的未来派生产线，按照严格的标准制作羽衣甘蓝凯撒（Kale Caesar）和鹰嘴豆泥脆（Hummus Crunch）等沙拉。原料被分割，混合，并保持在理想的温度，确保一致性和质量。当机器人处理准备工作时，人类团队成员负责机器的补充和最后的润色。)”可知，介绍了自动化厨房 the Infinite Kitchen的生产线情况，食材如何被使用，以及人类的任务，所以本段主要讲述 the Infinite Kitchen的运作模式。故选C。 2．词句猜测题。根据划线词前句“Chicago’s Willis Tower restaurant is the first to adopt a hybrid model, operating both traditional and automated salad lines.(芝加哥的Willis Tower餐厅是第一家采用混合模式的餐厅，同时经营传统和自动化沙拉生产线。)”可知，这种方法使得 Sweetgreen升级 the Infinite Kitchen的系统，同时保持人际化的操作。所以划线词refine为“升级”之意。故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据文章第五段“Sweetgreen co-founder Nicolas Jammet highlights that no employees have been laid off due to automation; instead, they have been rearranged to customer-focused roles.( Sweetgreen联合创始人尼古拉斯·贾梅特强调，没有员工因为自动化而被解雇；相反，他们被重新安排为以客户为中心的角色。)”可知，员工已经有了新的任务。故选D。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“As Sweetgreen looks to improve this technology, it’s preparing the way for a cooperative future between humans and machines, aiming to “reimagine the fast food experience”. Robots deliver speed and accuracy, while humans focus on providing a friendly, welcoming environment.(Sweetgreen希望改进这项技术，为人类与机器合作的未来铺平道路，旨在“重新想象快餐体验”。机器人提供速度和准确性，而人类则专注于提供友好、温馨的环境。)”可推知，Sweetgreen是有前景的。故选A。 Passage 6 （24-25学年高二上·山西省吕梁市·期末） Mangroves (红树) are trees that typically grow in saltwater along coasts. But some red mangroves end up deep in the rainforests of Mexico’s Yucatan Peninsula. These plants live in freshwater along the San Pedro Martir River. That’s nearly 200 kilometers from the sea. Scientists wanted to know how these mangoves got trapped so far inland. Carlos Burelo was among them. He became curious about these mangroves on a childhood fishing trip there 35 years ago. Burelo saw that the roots of the mangroves grew above ground. This was different from the other trees. Burelo’s team first investigated where the freshwater mangroves came from. They started by collecting their leaves and then compared their DNA to the leaves from coastal mangroves which were growing along the Gulf of Mexico. The DNA helped identify the origins of the mangroves on the San Pedro Martir River. They had started along the Gulf of Mexico, some 170 kilometers away from the river. The team discovered other evidence that this ecosystem had once been coastal. They discovered 112 other species in this region that are typically found near coasts. The researchers looked at the soil too. “These sediments (沉积物) near the mangroves revealed exactly what we expected,” says Exequiel Ezcurra, an ecologist at the University of California. In all, the researchers turned up coastal stones, shells of sea snails and clay sediments rich in shell fragments (碎片). These led the researchers to conclude the area used to be part of the ocean long ago. Computer models of how sea level has changed over time confirmed those findings. The models showed that when sea levels were higher in the past, the ocean flooded the lower basin of the San Pedro Martir River. That would have been around 150,000 to 130,000 years ago. This pushed red mangroves and other species inland. “This discovery highlights how changes to the past climate have affected the world’s coastlines,” Ezcurra says. “It also offers a chance to better understand how future sea level rise may affect these ecosystems.” 1．What can we know about mangroves according to the passage? A．They have a great effect on the sea level. B．The origins of mangroves are in freshwater. C．They typically grow in saltwater along coasts. D．The roots of mangroves grow underground. 2．How did the team conduct the research according to paragraph 2? A．By making a comparison. B．By introducing an experience. C．By analyzing some data. D．By quoting others’ opinions. 3．Why were computer models used in the research? A．To analyze the elements of the soil. B．To confirm the conclusions of the research. C．To study the leaves of coastal mangroves D．To discover more other mangrove species. 4．What does the discovery stress? A．The importance of comparing the DNA of leaves. B．The benefit of using computer models in the study. C．The impact of human activities on these ecosystems. D．The effect of the past climate changes on coastlines. 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．B 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了红树这种生长在沿海的生物在淡水地区被发现，科研人员们通过研究发现，这些红树生长的淡水地区在历史上曾经是海洋。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“Mangroves (红树) are trees that typically grow in saltwater along coasts. (红树林是一种通常生长在沿海咸水中的树木。)”可知，红树林通常生长在沿海的盐水中。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段“They started by collecting their leaves and then compared their DNA to the leaves from coastal mangroves which were growing along the Gulf of Mexico. (他们首先收集它们的叶子，然后将它们的DNA与生长在墨西哥湾沿岸的沿海红树林的叶子进行比较。)”可知，小组通过比较进行研究。故选A。 3．细节理解题。根据第四段“Computer models of how sea level has changed over time confirmed those findings. (关于海平面如何随时间变化的计算机模型证实了这些发现。)”可知，在研究中使用计算机模型是为了确认研究的结论。故选B。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段““This discovery highlights how changes to the past climate have affected the world’s coastlines,” Ezcurra says. “It also offers a chance to better understand how future sea level rise may affect these ecosystems.” (“这一发现凸显了过去气候的变化是如何影响世界海岸线的，”埃兹库拉说。“这也为更好地了解未来海平面上升如何影响这些生态系统提供了一个机会。”)”可知，这一发现强调了过去气候变化对海岸线的影响。故选D。 主题03 人与自然——环境 Passage 1 （24-25学年高二上·甘肃省兰州市·期末） Within the beautiful scenery of Wisconsin’s Lake Chippewa lies a natural wonder that is a unique challenge for the local community. This hidden wonder is exactly a giant floating island. The island, made up of plants and trees, sometimes floats around the lake, causing a major inconvenience by blocking (阻塞) an important bridge. Later, the local people came up with a solution to this problem. Every year, local boat owners work together and push the island away from the bridge. Lake Chippewa was born in 1923 when a vast bog (沼泽) was changed through flooding. Soon after that, many of the dark bogs started rising to the surface and became perfect growing places for plants, with seeds carried by wind and wild birds to this floating place. Over the years, these bogs have grown plants and trees and turned into full islands. As time goes by, plants take root, and the oldest islands even have trees that act as sails (船帆) when the wind blows, moving the entire floating island around the lake. Although the years-old floating island does not relocate (重新迁移) so often, when it does, it causes trouble for the community by blocking the important bridge that serves as the only passage between the lake’s East and West sides. The only solution is to gather a group of boats, and not just one or two, but dozens of boats working together to push the island away. “It takes a community’s effort, and you must have the winds at your back to push them in,” said a resident. Moving the island also requires precision (精确), as just relocating it a short distance may result in its return within days. Some people have suggested destroying the floating islands to get rid of the problem. However, the big bog in Lake Chippewa has been around for many years, and during that time a variety of animal and plant species have made it their home. Therefore, local government advises they be dealt with in a way that won’t do harm to wildlife, paying more attention to the fine-drawn balance between human convenience and environmental protection. The annual tradition of relocating Lake Chippewa’s floating island is evidence to the coexistence of man and nature, a heartwarming display of community unity, and a reminder of the importance of preserving the unique areas that enrich our world. 1．What does the underlined word “solution” in paragraph 1 refer to? A．Building a new bridge. B．Moving the floating island away. C．Transforming the vast bog. D．Rebuilding the local community. 2．What can we know from paragraph 2? A．The formation of the floating island. B．The history of flooding in Lake Chippewa. C．The varieties of species in Lake Chippewa. D．The impact of the wind on the floating island. 3．Which of the following statements is true about the relocation work from paragraph 3? A．It is usually finished within days. B．It is a must in cooperation and precision. C．It can only be carried out during windless days. D．It greatly disturbs the community residents’ lives. 4．Why has the local government refused to destroy the island? A．To save costs for local people. B．To ensure the safety of residents. C．To improve the bond between communities. D．To protect the wildlife species on the island. 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．B 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了位于威斯康星州奇皮瓦湖的一个自然奇观——巨大的漂浮岛屿。 1．词句猜测题。根据划线词所在句上文“The island, made up of plants and trees, sometimes floats around the lake, causing a major inconvenience by blocking (阻塞) an important bridge.(这个由植物和树木组成的岛屿有时会漂浮在湖面上，堵塞了一座重要的桥梁，给人们带来了很大的不便)”可知，漂浮岛造成的问题是“堵塞了一座重要的桥梁”。结合划线词所在句下文“Every year, local boat owners work together and push the island away from the bridge.(每年，当地的船主都会齐心协力，把小岛从桥上推开)”可知，当地人们想到的办法(solution)是把漂浮岛推走。故选B项。 2．主旨大意题。根据第二段中“Lake Chippewa was born in 1923 when a vast bog (沼泽) was changed through flooding. Soon after that, many of the dark bogs started rising to the surface and became perfect growing places for plants, with seeds carried by wind and wild birds to this floating place. Over the years, these bogs have grown plants and trees and turned into full islands. As time goes by, plants take root, and the oldest islands even have trees that act as sails (船帆) when the wind blows, moving the entire floating island around the lake.(奇佩瓦湖诞生于1923年，当时一个巨大的沼泽被洪水改变了。不久之后，许多黑暗的沼泽开始浮出水面，成为植物生长的理想场所，种子被风和野鸟带到这个漂浮的地方。多年来，这些沼泽长出了植物和树木，变成了完整的岛屿。随着时间的流逝，植物生根发芽，最古老的岛屿上甚至有树木，当风吹起时，它们就像船帆一样，将整个漂浮的岛屿移动到湖中)”可知，从第二段我们可以知道漂浮岛是如何形成的。故选A项。 3．细节理解题。根据第三段中““It takes a community’s effort, and you must have the winds at your back to push them in,” said a resident. Moving the island also requires precision (精确), as just relocating it a short distance may result in its return within days.(一位居民说：“这需要整个社区的努力，而且你必须有顺风才能把它们推进来。”移动岛屿也需要精确，因为仅仅将它移动一小段距离就可能导致它在几天内返回。)”可知，推出漂浮岛需要社区的合作和精确。故选B项。 4．细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Some people have suggested destroying the floating islands to get rid of the problem. However, the big bog in Lake Chippewa has been around for many years, and during that time a variety of animal and plant species have made it their home. Therefore, local government advises they be dealt with in a way that won’t do harm to wildlife, paying more attention to the fine-drawn balance between human convenience and environmental protection.(有些人建议摧毁浮岛来解决这个问题。然而，奇佩瓦湖的大沼泽已经存在了很多年，在此期间，各种各样的动物和植物物种都在这里安家。因此，当地政府建议以不伤害野生动物的方式处理它们，更加注重人类便利与环境保护之间的微妙平衡)”可知，当地政府拒绝摧毁这座岛是为了保护岛上的野生动物。故选D项。 Passage 2 （24-25学年高二上·山西省太原市·期末） Most people tend to think of cities as places lacking nature, but indeed cities aren’t just concrete (混凝土) jungles but are actually bustling with wildlife and nature. According to a study in Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment, urban landscapes are more than just human habitats; they also provide special opportunities for wildlife conservation. “As a city kid growing up during the 1980s, I was fascinated with birds nesting on the top of my neighbour’s roof, which sparked my interest in birds and nature,” said Frank La Sorte, a researcher at the Cornell Lab of Ornithology. He believes that by observing our feathered friends in the city, we can see nature as an essential part of our well-being. Protecting nature is like giving ourselves a high-five. To document the value of cities to birds, the research team from Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Auburn University, and Rutgers University, decided to put cities under the microscope. They mixed and matched bird sightings from citizen scientists of eBird program, endangered species lists, critical habitats, and 2020 U.S. census (普查) data. The team found that natural areas within cities could mean increased access to resources, warmer temperatures and shelters from natural disasters for birds. They also suggest that these green spaces should even allow for unique reappearing opportunities for species, which is not possible in their natural habitats. But, they also caution that cities aren’t always the safest choice for wildlife, which means updating our views of cities as places where we can connect with nature is the first step to stop biodiversity loss. So, next time you’re taking a walk down the street, look up, and look around. You might just spot a nature scene that’s right beside you. Our urban jungles have thrived. Cities are the new frontier for wildlife conservation. 1．What is the updated idea about the relation between the city and nature? A．Cities are friendly to wildlife. B．Cities hold no place for nature. C．Cities have no impact on nature. D．Cities are rich in natural resources. 2．What inspired Frank La Sorte’s passion for birds? A．His interest shared with his friends. B．His childhood spent in the countryside. C．His sighting of birds in the neighborhood. D．His research in Cornell Lab of Ornithology. 3．How can cities contribute to the protection of birds? A．By providing natural areas to shelter birds. B．By reducing the number of birds’ enemies. C．By making cities less exposed to disasters. D．By introducing new species to the rural areas. 4．What does the author call on people to do in the last paragraph? A．Have a healthy and balanced lifestyle. B．Be an observer of nature in cities. C．Stop urbanization to keep biodiversity. D．Make frequent visits to the jungles. 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．A 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了城市对野生动物保护的重要性。 1．细节理解题。由文章第一段中“Most people tend to think of cities as places lacking nature, but indeed cities aren’t just concrete (混凝土) jungles but are actually bustling with wildlife and nature. According to a study in Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment, urban landscapes are more than just human habitats; they also provide special opportunities for wildlife conservation. (大多数人倾向于认为城市是缺乏自然的地方，但实际上，城市不仅仅是混凝土丛林，它们其实充满了野生动植物和自然生态。根据《生态与环境前沿》杂志上的一项研究，城市景观不仅是人类的栖息地，还为野生动物保护提供了特殊的机会。)”可知，关于城市与自然关系的最新观点是：城市对野生动物是友好的。故选A。 2．细节理解题。由文章第二段中““As a city kid growing up during the 1980s, I was fascinated with birds nesting on the top of my neighbour’s roof, which sparked my interest in birds and nature,” said Frank La Sorte, a researcher at the Cornell Lab of Ornithology. (“作为在20世纪80年代长大的城市孩子，我对邻居屋顶上的鸟巢非常着迷，这激发了我对鸟类和自然的兴趣，”康奈尔鸟类学实验室的研究员弗兰克·拉索特说道。)”可知，弗兰克·拉索特对鸟类的热情来自于他在附近看到的鸟类。故选C。 3．推理判断题。由文章第三段中“The team found that natural areas within cities could mean increased access to resources, warmer temperatures and shelters from natural disasters for birds. (研究小组发现，城市内的自然区域可能意味着鸟类可以获得更多的资源、更温暖的温度和免受自然灾害的庇护所。)”可知，城市可以通过提供自然区域来庇护鸟类，为鸟类保护做出贡献。故选A。 4．细节理解题。由文章最后一段中“So, next time you’re taking a walk down the street, look up, and look around. You might just spot a nature scene that’s right beside you. Our urban jungles have thrived. Cities are the new frontier for wildlife conservation. (所以，下次你在街上散步的时候，抬头看看，环顾四周。你可能会发现你旁边的自然景色。我们的城市丛林已经繁荣起来。城市是野生动植物保护的新领域。)”可知，作者在最后一段呼吁人们成为城市中自然的观察者。故选B。 Passage 3 （24-25学年高二上·陕西省安康市·期末） You may be attracted by pictures of animals in the wild. You might have imagined yourself taking pictures of animals that are seldom seen in the city. If you do get that chance, you may want to consider the following tips or rules. First of all, a lot of professional photographers give respect (尊重) to these animals and the environment they are in. Just remember that you should respect the animals and the environment in case these animals bite or attack you. Keep in mind that you are taking pictures of real, live, wild animals. A wild animal may bite to protect itself. You must be aware while taking their pictures and be gentle in all your movements. Do not feed the animals, or interact (互动) with animals that are sleeping or caring for their young. Change the flash of your camera to natural light, so the animals will not be frightened or surprised when you start shooting. Animals do not react well when they are surprised. Be very patient. Make sure you are aware of the changes in behavior of the animal and its emotions. Be familiar with the animals’ natural habitat. Now if those rules are clear, it is time for planning. Consider the weather; some animals do not go out when it is raining while some animals love the rain. Therefore, a little research on the weather will not hurt. You should consider taking pictures after sunrise and before sunset. Now if the animal is active at night, then you should prepare to fight against not only the wild but also the darkness. An adventure in the wild will make you very excited. However, you should be well prepared, have experts to back you up, and also a permit (许可证) for doing the photo shoot. If you do not have any of these, then maybe you should consider visiting the zoo instead. 1．What should you do to show respect to the wildlife? A．Tuning off the flash. B．Caring for their babies. C．Feeding them whenever you want. D．Taking pictures when they are sleeping. 2．What should you consider before taking pictures with the wildlife? A．Food and water. B．Weather and time. C．Emotions and safety. D．Place and transportation. 3．What can we infer from the last paragraph? A．Most animals love being taken photos of. B．We have to go to the zoo to take photos. C．Only experts have a permit to take photos. D．There is danger while taking photos with wild animals. 4．What is the author’s purpose in writing the text? A．To advertise a zoo. B．To do some research. C．To give some advice. D．To introduce some wildlife. 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．D 4．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。本文主要是告诉大家在给野生动物拍照时应该注意的问题。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段“First of all, a lot of professional photographers give respect ( 尊重 ) to these animals and the environment they are in. Just remember that you should respect the animals and the environment in case these animals bite or attack you.”（首先，很多专业摄影师尊重这些动物和它们所处的环境。只要记住，你应该尊重动物和环境，以防这些动物咬或攻击你。）可知，对动物拍照时要尊重这些动物和它们所处的环境。你应该尊重动物和环境，以防这些动物咬或攻击你。第三段中“You must be aware while taking their pictures and be gentle in all your movements. Do not feed the animals, or interact (互动) with animals that are sleeping or caring for their young.”（在给他们拍照的时候，你必须保持警觉，动作要轻柔。不要给动物喂食，也不要与正在睡觉或照顾幼崽的动物接触。）可知，拍照的时候，你必须保持警觉，动作要轻柔。不要给动物喂食，也不要与正在睡觉或照顾幼崽的动物接触。据此可知，选项B、C和D错误；第四段中“Change the flash of your camera to natural light, so the animals will not be frightened or surprised when you start shooting. （把相机的闪光灯调到自然光，这样当你开始拍摄时，动物就不会被吓到或惊讶了。）”可推知，给动物拍照时，关掉闪光灯，这样当你开始拍摄时，动物就不会被吓到或惊讶了。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“Consider the weather; some animals do not go out when it is raining while some animals love the rain. Therefore, a little research on the weather will not hurt. You should consider taking pictures after sunrise and before sunset. Now if the animal is active at night, then you should prepare to fight against not only the wild but also the darkness.”（考虑一下天气;有些动物在下雨的时候不出去，而有些动物喜欢下雨。因此，对天气做一点研究不会有坏处。你应该考虑在日出之后和日落之前拍照。现在，如果动物在夜间活动，那么你不仅要准备好与野生动物作战，还要准备好与黑暗作战。）可知，要拍摄动物的照片，提前考虑天气和拍照时间是必要的。故选B。 3．推理判断题。根据最后一段“An adventure in the wild will make you very excited. However, you should be well prepared, have experts to back you up, and also a permit (许可证) for doing the photo shoot. If you do not have any of these, then maybe you should consider visiting the zoo instead.”（野外探险会让你非常兴奋。然而，你应该做好充分的准备，有专家为你做后盾，还要有拍照的许可证。如果你没有这些，那么也许你应该考虑去动物园。）可知，野外探险会让你非常兴奋。然而，你应该做好充分的准备。可推知，野外探险会有危险的，故选D。 4．推理判断题。根据第一段“You may be attracted by pictures of animals in the wild. You might have imagined yourself taking pictures of animals that are seldom seen in the city. If you do get that chance, you may want to consider the following tips or rules.”（你可能会被野生动物的照片所吸引。你可能会想象自己在拍城市里很少见到的动物。如果你有这样的机会，你可能会考虑以下建议或规则。）可知，本段作为文章的主题段落，主要是告诉大家在给野生动物拍照时应该注意的问题。因而，本文的写作目的是给大家一些建议。故选C。 Passage 4 （24-25学年高二上·青海省西宁市·期末） Have you ever imagined being able to communicate with your pet at home and have it understand everything you say? It sounds too good to be true, but scientists have started using artificial intelligence (AI) to help communicate with animals. Professor Karen Bakker—who is the author of a book called The Sounds of Life: How Digital Technology Is Bringing Us Closer to the Worlds of Animals and Plants—said that AI is already helping humans communicate with bats and honeybees and this could change what we know about nature and our non-human relationships. Scientists have worked out how bats speak to each other to argue over food and how mother bats communicate with their young. Professor Bakker explained how researcher Yossi Yovel had used recordings and AI to understand bats. “Bats argue over food; they actually distinguish between genders when they communicate with one another; they have individual names, or ‘signature calls’,” she said. “Mother bats speak to their babies in a kind of ‘motherese’. Bats learn to ‘speak’ with signals from their mothers. But while human mothers raise the pitch(音高) of their voices when talking to babies，mother bats lower the pitch. She said it was a great example of how animal patterns could be revealed using sensors and microphones that would otherwise never be heard with the human ear. AI makes this possible because a computer can be trained to listen like a bat. With honeybees, the computer combines listening with vision of the bees’ body movements to understand what they are communicating. Researchers now know how be essay things such as “hush” or “stop”. Researcher Tim Landgraf even created a robot honeybee that entered a hive(蜂房) and was able to communicate with other bees when it wanted them to stop doing something or fly. 1．What is the role of AI in communicating with animals? A．Allowing humans to speak to animals. B．Translating human language into animal language. C．Transforming human thoughts into animal language. D．Helping humans understand what animals are saying. 2．What do scientists know about bats? A．They use unique names given by human. B．They live together like early human groups. C．They share their food with each other without arguing. D．They can distinguish between genders when communicating. 3．How do mother bats communicate with their young? A．By using a kind of “motherese”. B．By raising the pitch of their voices. C．By using sensors and microphones. D．By making body movements. 4．What do we know about the robot created by Tim Landgraf? A．It can speak with other bats. B．It can build a hive with bees. C．It can communicate with other bees. D．It can teach other bee show to fly and stop. 【答案】1．D 2．D 3．A 4．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了科学家们已经开始使用人工智能来帮助与动物交流，文章对此进行了举例说明。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段中“It sounds too good to be true, but scientists have started using artificial intelligence (AI) to help communicate with animals. (这听起来好得令人难以置信，但科学家们已经开始使用人工智能(AI)来帮助与动物交流。)”可知，科学家们开始使用人工智能帮助人类与动物交流，因此人工智能在人与动物交流中的作用是帮助人类理解动物在说什么。故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据第五段“Bats argue over food; they actually distinguish between genders when they communicate with one another; they have individual names, or ‘signature calls’,” she said. (“蝙蝠为食物争吵；它们在相互交流时实际上是区分性别的；它们都有自己的名字，或者叫‘签名叫声’，”她说。)”可知，蝙蝠可以在彼此交流时分辨出不同的性别。故选D。 3．细节理解题。根据第六段““Mother bats speak to their babies in a kind of ‘motherese’. (“蝙蝠妈妈用一种‘妈妈语’和它们的孩子说话。)”与第七段“Bats learn to ‘speak’ with signals from their mothers. (蝙蝠学会用母亲发出的信号“说话”。)”可知，母蝙蝠会用一种类似于“妈妈语”的方式与它们的幼崽进行交流。故选A。 4．细节理解题。根据最后一段“Researcher Tim Landgraf even created a robot honeybee that entered a hive (蜂房) and was able to communicate with other bees when it wanted them to stop doing something or fly. (研究人员蒂姆·兰德格拉夫甚至发明了一种进入蜂巢的机器人蜜蜂，当它想让其他蜜蜂停止做某事或飞走时，它能够与它们交流。)”可知，研究人员Tim Landgraf创建了一个使用人工智能的机器人蜜蜂，可以与其他蜜蜂进行交流。故选C。 标题。故选C。 主题01 人与自我——成长 Passage 1 （24-25学年高二上·山西省吕梁市·期末） A research team co-led by a physician-scientist at the University of Arizona College of Medicine — Tucson ’s Sarver Heart Center found that a group of artificial heart patients can regenerate heart muscle, which may open the door to new ways to treat and perhaps someday cure heart failure. According to official statistics, heart failure affects nearly 7 million U.S. adults and is responsible for 14% of deaths per year. The only treatment for advanced heart failure, other than a transplant, is pump replacement through an artificial heart, called a left ventricular (心室的) assist device, which can help the heart pump blood. Sadek led a collaboration between international experts to investigate whether heart muscles can regenerate. The project began with tissue from artificial heart patients provided by colleagues at the University of Utah Health and School of Medicine. The investigators found that patients with artificial hearts regenerated muscle cells at more than six times the rate of healthy hearts. “This is the strongest evidence we have, so far, that human heart muscle cells can actually regenerate, which really is exciting, because it strengthens the thought that there is an intrinsic capacity of the human heart to regenerate naturally,” Sadek said. “It also strongly supports the view that the inability of the heart muscle to ‘rest’ is a major driver of the heart’s lost ability to regenerate shortly after birth.” “It’s not clear why some patients respond and some don’t, but it’s very clear that the ones who respond have the ability to regenerate heart muscle,” he said. “The exciting part now is to determine how we can make everyone a responder, because if you can, you can essentially cure heart failure. The beauty of this is that a mechanical heart is not a therapy we hope to deliver to our patients in the future — these devices are tried and true, and we’ve been using them for years.” Next, Sadek wants to figure out why only about 25% of patients are “responders” to artificial hearts, meaning that their heart muscle regenerates. 1．What is the significance of the new finding according to the first paragraph? A．To help doctors implant artificial hearts in operations. B．To assist researchers to develop artificial heart muscle. C．To help find approaches to treating and even curing heart failure. D．To assist scientists to find new ways to regenerate heart muscle. 2．What is the only treatment for advanced heart failure besides a transplant? A．To implant an artificial heart to replace pump. B．To help the heart pump blood through the body. C．To regenerate the heart muscle by taking medicine. D．To replace patients’ hearts with real human hearts. 3．What does the underlined word “intrinsic” in paragraph 4 probably mean? A．Endangered. B．Acquired. C．Inborn. D．Implanted. 4．What will Sadek study next? A．To figure out why the human heart fails to rest. B．To develop a new artificial heart for “responders”. C．To find the best cure for heart failure for “responders”. D．To work out why heart muscle regenerates merely in some patients. 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．C 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。介绍了一个国际研究团队发现了在心脏衰竭后移植了人工心脏的患者身上发现了心脏肌肉可以再生的证据。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“A research team co-led by a physician-scientist at the University of Arizona College of Medicine — Tucson ’s Sarver Heart Center found that a group of artificial heart patients can regenerate heart muscle, which may open the door to new ways to treat and perhaps someday cure heart failure.(由亚利桑那大学医学院图森萨维尔心脏中心的一名内科科学家共同领导的一个研究小组发现，一组人造心脏病人可以再生心肌，这可能为治疗心脏衰竭的新方法打开大门，也许有一天可以治愈心脏衰竭。)”可知，新发现可以帮助找到治疗甚至治愈心力衰竭的方法。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段“The only treatment for advanced heart failure, other than a transplant, is pump replacement through an artificial heart, called a left ventricular (心室的) assist device, which can help the heart pump blood.(除了移植之外，晚期心力衰竭的唯一治疗方法是通过人工心脏替代泵，称为左心室辅助装置，它可以帮助心脏泵血。)”可知，除了移植之外，晚期心力衰竭的唯一治疗方法是植入人工心脏替代泵。故选A。 3．词义猜测题。根据第四段划线单词前文“This is the strongest evidence we have, so far, that human heart muscle cells can actually regenerate, which really is exciting(这是迄今为止我们所拥有的最有力的证据，证明人类心肌细胞实际上可以再生，这真的很令人兴奋)”及后文“the human heart to regenerate naturally(人的心脏自然再生)”可知，人类心脏本身具有再生能力，这是天生自带的能力。因此划线单词的含义是“天生的”。故选C。 4．细节理解题。根据最后一段“Next, Sadek wants to figure out why only about 25% of patients are “responders” to artificial hearts, meaning that their heart muscle regenerates.(接下来，Sadek想弄清楚为什么只有大约25%的病人对人工心脏有“反应”，这意味着他们的心脏肌肉再生了。)”可知，Sadek接下来将研究为什么心肌只在一些病人中再生。故选D。 Passage 2 （24-25学年高二上·陕西省西安市·期末） There is one language that is used in every country in the world. The people who use it are young and old, short and tall, thin and fat. It is everybody’s second language. It is easy to understand, although you can’t hear it. It is sign language. When you wave to a friend who is across the street, you are using sign language. When you smile at someone, you’re saying, “I want to be friendly”, but you are not using speech. You are using sign language. When you raise your hand in class, you are saying, “Please ask me, I think I know the correct answer.” Babies who can’t talk can point at things. They are using sign language. A policeman who wants to stop traffic holds up his hands, he is using sign language. Many years ago, the French priest, Charles Michel de Epee, became interested in education for deaf people. He invented a finger alphabet. It is still in use. People can make the sign for letters and spell words with their hands. And the deaf people can read and understand them. Soon there were schools for the deaf in many countries. The only university for the deaf is Gallaudet College in Washington, D．C． Today, in the United States, there are special TV news programs for deaf people. The newsreader tells the news in sign language. At the same time, the words appear on the TV screen. The actors in the Theatre of Deaf don’t spell every word. Sometimes they use hand signs. When they put two hands together, it means sandwich. They make a roof with their hands when they want to show a house. One finger in front of an actor’s mouth can mean quiet. You can talk to people who are behind windows that are closed. And when you go swimming with your friends, you can have conversations under the water. How many hand signs do you use every day? 1．Which of the following about sign language is true? A．It is a special language used in many countries in the world. B．It is a way to express one’s ideas without words. C．It is only used by the deaf. D．It can be heard. 2．If you want to express the idea “Please ask me, I think I know the correct answer”, what will you do? A．Raise your hand. B．Put one hand onto the other. C．Smile to the person. D．Make a roof with your hands. 3．What may be concluded from this passage? A．There are schools, colleges and universities for the deaf in the USA． B．The French priest Charles invented sign language. C．Even babies are using sign language. D．Sign language is used every day. 4．What’s the best title for this passage? A．How to Use Sign Language. B．A Famous Priest in France. C．An Introduction to Sign Language. D．The Importance of Sign Language. 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．D 4．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了手势语。 1．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“It is easy to understand, although you can’t hear it. It is sign language. (虽然你听不见它，它很容易理解。那就是手语。)”可知，手语是一种不用言语表达思想的方式。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“When you raise your hand in class, you are saying, “Please ask me, I think I know the correct answer.”(当你在课堂上举手时，你在说，“请问我，我想我知道正确答案”)”可知，如果你想表达“请问我，我想我知道正确答案”，你应当举手。故选A。 3．推理判断题。根据第三段中“Babies who can’t talk can point at things. They are using sign language. (不会说话的婴儿可以指着东西。他们在使用手语。)”以及第四段中“And the deaf people can read and understand them. Soon there were schools for the deaf in many countries. The only university for the deaf is Gallaudet College in Washington, D.C.(聋哑人可以阅读和理解它们。很快，许多国家都有了聋人学校。唯一的聋人大学是华盛顿特区的加劳德特学院)”以及最后一段中“The actors in the Theatre of Deaf don’t spell every word. Sometimes they use hand signs.(聋人剧院的演员不会拼写每个单词，有时他们会用手势。)”以及“One finger in front of an actor’s mouth can mean quiet, you can talk to people who are behind windows that are closed. And when you go swimming with your friends, you can have conversations under the water.(一个手指放在演员的嘴前意味着安静，你可以和窗户后面关着的人说话。当你和朋友去游泳的时候，你们可以在水下交谈。)”可知，通过阅读文章，可以总结出：手语每天都在使用，其广泛地应用于人们的生活各处。故选D。 4．主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“There is one language that is used in every country in the world. The people who use it are young and old, short and tall, thin and fat. It is everybody’s second language. It is easy to understand, although you can’t hear it. It is sign language.(世界上每个国家都使用一种语言。使用它的人有年轻的也有年老的，有矮的也有高的，有瘦的也有胖的。它是每个人的第二语言。它很容易理解，虽然你听不见。那就是手语)”以及全文内容可知，文章主要是介绍手语。因此C项“手语介绍”可以作为本文的最佳标题。故选C。 Passage 3 （24-25学年高二上·陕西省汉中市·期末） To develop one’s taste in English, the most effective way is to read a wide variety of English books. Yet one may be at a loss to choose the right books, especially as a beginner. As a native Spanish, I would like to share some of my experience. My first English novel was Jane Austen’s Pride and Prejudice, recommended by many English teachers and professors as an ideal book for English learners. But my experience was somewhat disastrous. I had great difficulty in understanding the novel, let alone enjoying it. It’s not the vocabulary that troubled me, but rather the way Austen makes sentences, and her way of thinking, which seemed too hard for me at that time. My enthusiasm was much recovered after reading Hemingway’s novel A Farewell to Arms. No long and complicated sentences. And I particularly liked his brief and straightforward (简洁的) style. So my first suggestion is, as a beginner, you’d better choose contemporary novels instead of classical ones. However, if you limit yourself to novels you will miss a lot of treasures. English essays can at once inform you, entertain you, and improve your taste in English. The best example is Bertrand Russell’s work. His simple language enables his philosophy within the reach of ordinary people. Here comes my second suggestion — essays are necessary. Never follow others’ suggestions and opinions blindly, however famous or influential (有很大影响的) the person might be. We should be open to various ideas, but always think and determine by ourselves. As a saying goes, “One man’s meat is another man’s poison”. With that in mind, we are bound to find out our favorite writers through reading and develop our fine taste in English. 1．What made the first English novel that the author read hard to understand? A．Complicated conversations. B．Sentences and Austen’s thinking style. C．The old-fashioned vocabulary. D．Not knowing the social background. 2．Which word can best describe the author’s first English novel reading experience? A．Enjoyable. B．Unique. C．Terrible. D．Inspirational. 3．What advice does the author give in the last paragraph? A．Don’t be affected by others’ ideas easily. B．Read books that are instructive. C．Choose books that challenge us most. D．Compare books before buying. 4．What is the author’s purpose of writing the passage? A．Give comments on literature works. B．Tell beginners how to choose English books. C．Encourage people to read more English books. D．Recommend first class books to English learners. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．A 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要就如何选择适合自己的英文读物，作者给出了自己的建议。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段“It’s not the vocabulary that troubled me, but rather the way Austen makes sentences, and her way of thinking, which seemed too hard for me at that time.(困扰我的不是那些词汇，而是奥斯汀造句的方式，以及她的思维方式，这在当时对我来说似乎太难了)”可知，作者的第一本英文读物《傲慢与偏见》的句子结构和作者简·奥斯汀的思维方式使作者很难读懂这本书。故选B。 2．推理判断题。根据第二段“My first English novel was Jane Austen’s Pride and Prejudice, recommended by many English teachers and professors as an ideal book for English learners. But my experience was somewhat disastrous. I had great difficulty in understanding the novel, let alone enjoying it.(我的第一本英文小说是简·奥斯汀的《傲慢与偏见》，许多英语老师和教授都推荐它为英语学习者的理想读物。但我的经历有些灾难性。我很难理解这部小说，更不用说欣赏它了)”可知，“糟糕可怕”最能描述作者第一次读英语小说的经历。故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据最后一段“Never follow others’ suggestions and opinions blindly, however famous or influential (有很大影响的) the person might be. We should be open to various ideas, but always think and determine for ourselves. As a saying goes, “one man’s meat is another man’s poison.”(永远不要盲目听从别人的建议和意见，不管这个人多么有名或有影响力。我们应该对各种各样的想法持开放态度，但总是为自己思考和决定。俗话说，“一个人的美味是另一个人的毒药”)”可知，作者在最后一段建议我们要自己做决定，不要盲目听从别人的建议，不要受别人选择的影响。故选A。 4．推理判断题。根据第一段中“To develop one’s taste in English, the most effective way is to read a wide variety of English books.(要培养一个人的英语品味，最有效的方法是阅读各种各样的英语书籍)”和“As a native Spanish, I would like to share some of my experience. (作为一个土生土长的西班牙人, 我想分享一些我的经验)”，以最后一段中“With that in mind, we are bound to find out our favorite writers through reading and develop our fine taste in English.(记住这一点，我们一定会通过阅读找到我们最喜欢的作家，培养我们的英语品味)”可推知，作者写这篇文章的目的是告诉初学者如何选择英语读物。故选B。 主题02 人与社会—— 技术 Passage 1 （24-25学年高二上·山西省吕梁市·期末） “Straws made from plant-based materials, such as paper and bamboo, are often advertised as being more sustainable and eco-friendly than those made from plastic,” says researcher Dr. Thimo Groffen, an environmental scientist at the University of Antwerp. “However, the presence of PFAS in these straws means that could be discredited.” PFAS chemicals, known for their longevity (持久) and potential harm, can affect humans, wildlife and the environment. They biodegrade (生物降解) very slowly over time and can exist over thousands of years in the environment, which has led to them being known as “forever chemicals”. They are linked to various health issues. Furthermore, these chemicals are used in everyday items to make them waterproof and heat-resistant. For a more in-depth analysis, the research team purchased 39 different brands of drinking straws made from five materials—paper, bamboo, glass, stainless steel and plastic, and then conducted two rounds of testing for PFAS. They found that most brands (69%) contained PFAS, with 18 different PFAS detected in total. In paper straws, PFAS was detected in 90% of the brands tested. PFAS was also detected in 80% of brands of bamboo straws, 75% of plastic straw brands and 40% of glass straw brands. They were not detected in any of the five types of steel straws tested. “The presence of PFAS in paper and bamboo straws shows they are not necessarily biodegradable,” says Dr. Groffen. “We did not detect any PFAS in stainless steel straws, so I would advise consumers to use this type of straw—or just avoid using straws.” The PFAS concentrations are low and cause a limited risk to human health, considering that most people only use straws occasionally. However, PFAS can remain in the body for many years and concentrations can build up over time. “Small amounts of PFAS, while not harmful in themselves, can add to the chemical load already present in the body,” Dr. Groffen concludes. 1．What does the underlined word “discredited” in paragraph 1 probably mean? A．Exciting. B．Questionable. C．Simple. D．Related. 2．Which of the following statements is true according to the passage? A．Researchers found PFAS in all five types of straws. B．Bamboo straws contain more PFAS than paper ones. C．PFAS chemicals are not related to health problems. D．It will be long before PFAS breaks down in the environment. 3．What will the author be likely to talk about following the last paragraph? A．Choosing only bamboo straws. B．Using stainless steel straws widely. C．The potential risks of PFAS to humans. D．The duration for PFAS to break down in the body. 4．Where is the text probably taken from? A．A diary. B．A health magazine. C．A textbook. D．An advertisement. 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．C 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了安特卫普大学的环境科学家、研究员蒂莫·格罗芬博士表示，用纸和竹子等植物材料制成的吸管，通常被宣传为比塑料制成的吸管更可持续、更环保。然而，这些吸管中PFAS的存在意味着这可能是不可信的。 1．词义猜测题。根据文章第二段“PFAS chemicals, known for their longevity (持久) and potential harm, can affect humans, wildlife and the environment. They biodegrade (生物降解) very slowly over time and can exist over thousands of years in the environment, which has led to them being known as “forever chemicals”. (PFAS化学物质以其寿命长和潜在危害而闻名，可以影响人类、野生动物和环境。随着时间的推移，它们的生物降解非常缓慢，可以在环境中存在数千年，这使得它们被称为“永远的化学物质”。)” 由此可推知，这些吸管中PFAS的存在意味着之前的宣传是“令人质疑的”。“questionable”意为“可疑的,有问题的”，符合语境，故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“They biodegrade (生物降解) very slowly over time and can exist over thousands of years in the environment, which has led to them being known as “forever chemicals”. (随着时间的推移，它们的生物降解非常缓慢，可以在环境中存在数千年，这使得它们被称为“永远的化学物质”。)”可知，PFAS护额学物质为成为“永远的化学物质”，所以需要很长时间才能降解。故选D。 3．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“The PFAS concentrations are low and cause a limited risk to human health, considering that most people only use straws occasionally. However, PFAS can remain in the body for many years and concentrations can build up over time. “Small amounts of PFAS, while not harmful in themselves, can add to the chemical load already present in the body,” Dr. Groffen concludes. (考虑到大多数人只是偶尔使用吸管，PFAS浓度很低，对人类健康造成的风险有限。然而，PFAS可以在体内停留多年，浓度会随着时间的推移而增加。“少量的PFAS虽然本身无害，但会增加体内已经存在的化学负荷，”Groffen博士总结道。)” PFAS浓度很低，考虑到大多数人往往只是偶尔使用吸管，因此对人体健康构成的风险有限。然而，PFAS可以在体内停留多年，浓度会随着时间的推移而增加。少量的PFAS虽然本身无害，但会增加体内已经存在的化学负荷。由此可推知，下一段旨在分析PFAS的潜在威胁。故选C。 4．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“‘Straws made from plant-based materials, such as paper and bamboo, are often advertised as being more sustainable and eco-friendly than those made from plastic,” says researcher Dr. Thimo Groffen, an environmental scientist at the University of Antwerp. “However, the presence of PFAS in these straws means that could be discredited.’ (安特卫普大学的环境科学家、研究员蒂莫·格罗芬博士说:“用纸和竹子等植物材料制成的吸管，通常被宣传为比塑料制成的吸管更可持续、更环保。”“然而，这些吸管中PFAS的存在意味着这可能是不可信的。”)”以及全文内容可知，本文讲述的是PFAS的存在意味着这可能是不可信的，所以本文可能来自于健康杂志。故选B。 Passage 2 （24-25学年高二上·甘肃省白银市·期末） The 2022 World Internet Conference closed on November 11, 2022 in Wuzhen, Zhejiang Province. There were a lot of cool inventions shown there. Let’s have a look at some of them. A Smart Helmet When delivery people send food around, they often use their mobile phones while riding. It’s very dangerous. To make them safer, a company has created a new helmet. It connects with the mobile phone and can “talk”. It can tell delivery people new orders and where the customers are. Delivery people can also take orders and answer messages by talking to the helmet. If the wearer has an accident, the helmet can make a call for help right away. Type with Eyes Many disabled people can’t move their hands. They find it hard to type on a computer. A company has developed eye-controlling technology. By looking at the screen and moving their eyes, people can type words easily. A Business Card? A Computer! A computer which was as big as a business card caught people’s eyes. It’s called Raspberry Pi. It’s one of the world’s smallest computers. Although it only costs a few hundred yuan, it has a memory of 8G. It is designed for learning computer programming. It can do a lot of difficult calculations. You can also use it to create your computer games. Magic Mirror for Health Scan your face, and then the software will know a lot about your health. This is what Magic Mirror can do. It’s a smart health check system. You don’t need to wear any devices. Just stand in front of it for 30 seconds, and it will know your heart conditions, blood pressure and the risks of some diseases. 1．Which is true about the smart helmet? A．It can help delivery people ride slowly B．It can remind delivery people of danger. C．It can make delivery people relaxed by talking. D．It can help delivery people work much safer. 2．How do disabled people type words on the computer with the new technology? A．By talking loudly. B．By moving their eyes. C．By waving their hands. D．By touching the keys. 3．Magic Mirror can tell people some information EXCEPT _________. A．eating habits B．blood pressure C．heart conditions D．risks of some diseases 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．A 【导语】这是一篇说明文，文章主要介绍了2022年世界互联网大会中一些发明。 1．细节理解题。根据A Smart Helmet部分中“When delivery people send food around, they often use their mobile phones while riding. It’s very dangerous. To make them safer, a company has created a new helmet. (外卖员在送外卖的时候，经常在骑车的时候用手机。这很危险。为了让他们更安全，一家公司发明了一种新的头盔。)”可知，智能头盔能让外卖员更安全工作，故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据Type with Eyes部分中“A company has developed eye-controlling technology. By looking at the screen and moving their eyes, people can type words easily. (一家公司开发了眼控技术。通过看屏幕和移动他们的眼睛，人们可以很容易地打字。)”可知，残疾人可以利用新技术通过移动眼睛来打字。故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据Magic Mirror for Health部分中“Just stand in front of it for 30 seconds, and it will know your heart conditions, blood pressure and the risks of some diseases. (只要站在它面前30秒，它就会知道你的心脏状况、血压和一些疾病的风险。)”可知，神奇的镜子可以告诉人们心脏状况、血压和一些疾病的风险，A项“饮食习惯”没有提及，故选A。 Passage 3 （24-25学年高二上·山西省太原市·期末） Lots of people are concerned about the ability that artificial intelligence (AI) has to copy their voices. When AI is used to make false recordings of things that a person never said, it is called a “deepfake (深度伪造).” However, AI is helping people who can no longer speak, regain a version of their voice. 21-year-old Alexis Bogan used to love singing along with songs by her favorite musicians like Taylor Swift. She was a singer in her school music group as a teenager. But last August, doctors successfully removed a tumor (肿瘤) from the back of her brain. Then Bogan had trouble speaking. Though she has regained some ability to speak, there is no sign that she will ever be able to speak like she used to. Last month, Bogan got her voice back in a way. Experts created a tool for her using AI. She uses a text-to-voice app on her phone by writing words and holding it up at the coffee shop so servers can hear her. The app uses OpenAI’s voice tool. Programmers trained the app using a 15-second sound recording from a cooking video Bogan made as a teenager. Most of the video had cooking sounds, so that is all they could use. But it was enough. The doctors are working with other patients to gather voice samples, hoping to bring the app to other hospitals around the world. But right now, the app, called Voice Engine, is not publicly available. The company is very limited in who we're giving the technology to because they want to be sure everyone whose voice is being used has given permission. Other AI companies, however, are making their voice-cloning services available to entertainment companies or other organizations. Bogan believes the technology will progress over time so that when she is older, she does not have to depend on the voice she had as a teenager. She is excited that she is contributing to a change that will help people who are currently using robotic-sounding voices. 1．What happened to Bogan last year? A．She had difficulty singing with famous singers. B．She had a failure in the operation on her brain. C．She failed to make her school music group. D．She lost voice after a brain surgery. 2．How does Bogan use the app tool? A．By writing down her needs in her phone. B．By making a 15-second sound recording. C．By recording a cooking video of herself. D．By copying the sound of a teenager. 3．What should the users of Voice Engine do first? A．Gather voice samples from patients. B．Permit OpenAI to use their voices. C．Record robotic-sounding voice themselves. D．Provide voice-cloning services for companies. 4．What might be the best title for the text? A．AI Generates a New Voice B．AI Can Spot Deepfake Easily C．AI Helps a Patient Regain Voice D．AI Recognizes Your Voice Well 【答案】1．D 2．A 3．B 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了AI技术在帮助失去说话能力的人恢复声音方面的积极作用，以及这种技术在未来的发展潜力和应用前景。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“But last August, doctors successfully removed a tumor (肿瘤) from the back of her brain. Then Bogan had trouble speaking.(但去年8月，医生成功地从她的大脑后部切除了一个肿瘤。然后，博根说话有困难。)”可知，Bogan 去年经历了脑部手术, 术后遇到了说话困难的问题。“Though she has regained some ability to speak, there is no sign that she will ever be able to speak like she used to.(虽然她已经恢复了一些说话的能力，但没有迹象表明她能像以前那样说话。)”这进一步证实了她失去了原本的说话能力。故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“She uses a text-to-voice app on her phone by writing words and holding it up at the coffee shop so servers can hear her. (她使用手机上的文字转语音应用程序，写下文字，在咖啡店里拿着手机，这样服务员就能听到她的声音。)”可知， Bogan 使用 Voice Engine应用是通过在手机上输入文字，然后将手机扬声器朝向咖啡店的服务员，使他们能够听到合成的声音。故选A。 3．推理判断题。根据第五段中的“The company is very limited in who we're giving the technology to because they want to be sure everyone whose voice is being used has given permission.(该公司对我们向谁提供这项技术非常有限，因为他们想确保每个人的声音都得到了允许。)”可知，用户首先需要给予OpenAI 使用他们声音的许可。故选B。 4．主旨大意题。文章讲述了人工智能技术如何帮助像 Alexis Bogan 这样因健康问题而丧失语言能力的人，通过 AI 技术恢复了语音表达能力。第三段提到“Last month, Bogan got her voice back in a way. Experts created a tool for her using AI.(上个月，Bogan在某种程度上恢复了她的声音。专家们利用人工智能为她制作了一个工具。)”这句话直接支持了标题“AI Helps a Patient Regain Voice(人工智能帮助病人重获声音)”的准确性。故选C。 Passage 4 （24-25学年高二上·陕西省榆林市·期末） Every Monday through Friday, you may be running between work, appointments and family events— can’t the workout wait until the weekend? Maybe, according to a new report published in the journal JAMA, which found that people who exercised throughout the week and “weekend warriors”, who packed their exercise into the weekend, saw a similar reduction in the risk of heart diseases. The paper relied on data from the UK Biobank, a large biomedical database that follows residents in the long term. “A group of more than 100,000 people used accelerometers (加速度计) to track their movement over the course of a week,” the study said. Researchers then assessed the relationship between exercise patterns and events of the heart. Adults need at least 150 minutes of moderate- intensity (中等强度) physical activity per week, according to The Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans. “If you are able to achieve those guideline- recommended levels over one to two days of the week, then our findings show you’ re getting a similar benefit as people who exercise every day,” said lead study author Dr Shaan Khurshid, instructor of medicine at Harvard Medical School in Boston. “However, participants only wore the accelerometers for a week, which might not track their most regular activity patterns,” said Dr Andrew Freeman from National Jewish Health in Denver, who was not part of the research. Freeman often recommends his patients aim to exercise every day, encouraging them to engage in 30- minute exercise that’s hard enough to make them breathless. Still, there are patients who tell Freeman that they can only get a day or two of activity during the week but have more time on the weekend. Now the recent study gives him more confidence in helping them make that work. “This is at least inspiring enough for me to say to some patients, ‘Hey, there’s recent data that says if you can’t get your 30 minutes every day, getting 150 minutes over a weekend might be helpful,’” said Freeman. 1．Why did the participants wear accelerometers in the study? A．To remind them of their work. B．To warn them of accidents. C．To track their physical activity. D．To record their emotional changes. 2．How many minutes of moderate- intensity exercise are recommended for adults in a week? A．At least 30 minutes. B．At least 60 minutes. C．At least 90 minutes. D．At least 150 minutes. 3．Why does Freeman consider the study helpful? A．It gives him a way to guide his patients. B．It encourages him to work out at weekends. C．It provides an effective tool for his future study. D．It allows him more time for relaxation. 4．What is the best title for the text? A．A New Tool for Heart Health Research B．The Impact of Daily Exercise on Heart Health C．Physical Activity Prevents Heart Diseases in Adults D．Weekend- only Workouts Also Benefit Your Heart Health 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．A 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。《美国医学会杂志》上的一项研究表明，仅在周末集中锻炼可以和每周规律锻炼一样，都能显著降低心脏病风险。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段““A group of more than 100,000 people used accelerometers (加速度计) to track their movement over the course of a week,” the study said. (研究称：“一组超过10万人使用加速度计来跟踪他们一周的运动。”)”可知，超过100,000人使用加速度计在一周内记录他们的活动，研究人员使用这些数据进行研究工作。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段“Adults need at least 150 minutes of moderate- intensity (中等强度) physical activity per week, according to The Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans.(根据《美国人体力活动指南》，成年人每周至少需要150分钟中等强度的体力活动。)”可知，成年人每周至少需要150分钟中等强度的体育锻炼。故选D。 3．推理判断题。根据第五段及最后一段““This is at least inspiring enough for me to say to some patients, ‘Hey, there’s recent data that says if you can’t get your 30 minutes every day, getting 150 minutes over a weekend might be helpful,’” said Freeman.( Freeman说：“这至少足以让我对一些病人说，‘嘿，最近的数据表明，如果你不能每天锻炼30分钟，周末锻炼150分钟可能会有帮助。’”)”可推断，这个研究结果为Dr. Freeman提供了指导患者的另一种方式，特别是对于那些只能周末锻炼的人。故选A。 4．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Maybe, according to a new report published in the journal JAMA, which found that people who exercised throughout the week and “weekend warriors”, who packed their exercise into the weekend, saw a similar reduction in the risk of heart diseases.(根据发表在《美国医学会杂志》(JAMA)上的一份新报告，可能是这样的。该报告发现，那些一周都在锻炼的人和“周末战士”(把锻炼安排在周末)患心脏病的风险降低的程度相似。)”及全文可知，文章主要介绍了一项新的研究，该研究发现，集中在周末进行锻炼的“周末勇士”可以和每周均匀分配时间进行锻炼的人一样，他们在降低心脏病风险方面获得了相似的好处。故选D。 Passage 5 （24-25学年高二上·陕西省宝鸡市·期末） FROM PROBLEMS TO SOLUTIONS Economic development is necessary if we want to improve society. There comes a time when the old must give way to the new, and it is not possible to preserve everything from our past as we move towards the future. Finding and keeping the right balance between progress and the protection of cultural sites can be a big challenge. Big challenges, however, can sometimes lead to great solutions. In the 1950s, the Egyptian government wanted to build a new dam across the Nile in order to control floods, produce electricity, and supply water to more farmers in the area. But the proposal led to protests. Water from the dam would likely damage a number of temples and destroy cultural relics that were an important part of Egypt’s cultural heritage. After listening to the scientists who had studied the problem, and citizens who lived near the dam, the government turned to the United Nations for help in 1959. A committee was established to limit damage to the Egyptian buildings and prevent the loss of cultural relics. The group asked for contributions from different departments and raised funds within the international community. Experts investigated the issue, conducted several tests, and then made a proposal for how the buildings could be saved. Finally, a document was signed, and the work began in 1960. The project brought together governments and environmentalists from around the world. Temples and other cultural sites were taken down piece by piece, and then moved and put back together again in a place where they were safe from the water.In 1961, German engineers moved the first temple. Over the next 20 years, thousands of engineers and workers rescued 22 temples and countless cultural relics. Fifty countries donated nearly $80 million to the project. When the project ended in 1980, it was considered a great success. Not only had the countries found a path to the future that did not run over the relics of the past, but they had also learnt that it was possible for countries to work together to build a better tomorrow. The spirit of the Aswan Dam project is still alive today. Perhaps the best example is shown by UNESCO, which runs a programme that prevents world cultural heritage sites around the world from disappearing. If a problem seems too difficult for a single nation, the global community can sometimes provide a solution. 1．In which year is the first temple moved? A．1959. B．1961. C．1960. D．1980 2．Why did the Egyptian government want to attempt the building of the dam? A．Because they wanted to control floods and help economic development. B．Because they thought it not necessary to preserve everything from the past. C．Because the project could bring together governments and environmentalists from around the world. D．Because they could get help from the global community. 3．How were the temples and other cultural sites saved? A．They were rebuilt in other higher places. B．They were moved to places with no water. C．They were preserved in museums. D．They were taken down piece by piece and moved to other places where they would be safe from the water. 4．How long did it take to complete the project? A．2 years. B．19 years. C．20 years. D．21 years. 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．D 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了埃及建造阿斯旺大坝时，为了防止对古建筑等造成损害，埃及政府向联合国求助，并最终得到了解决。而这种解决方法也为联合国以后解决类似问题提供了新思路。 1．细节理解题。根据文章第四段“In 1961, German engineers moved the first temple.(1961年，德国工程师迁移了第一座寺庙。)”可知，1961年第一座寺庙被迁移了。故选B。 2．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Economic development is necessary if we want to improve society.(如果我们想改善社会，经济发展是必要的。)”和文章第二段“In the 1950s, the Egyptian government wanted to build a new dam across the Nile in order to control floods, produce electricity, and supply water to more farmers in the area.(在20世纪50年代，埃及政府想在尼罗河上建造一座新的大坝，以控制洪水，发电，并向该地区更多的农民供水。)”可知，埃及政府想尝试修建大坝，因为他们想控制洪水，帮助经济发展。故选A。 3．细节理解题。根据文章第四段“Temples and other cultural sites were taken down piece by piece, and then moved and put back together again in a place where they were safe from the water.(寺庙和其他文化遗址被一块一块地拆除，然后移动并重新组装在一个安全的地方。)”可知，寺庙和其他文化遗址被一块一块地拆除，然后移动并重新组装在一个安全的地方。故选D。 4．细节理解题。根据文章第四段“In 1961, German engineers moved the first temple. Over the next 20 years, thousands of engineers and workers rescued 22 temples and countless cultural relics.(1961年，德国工程师迁移了第一座神庙。在接下来的20年里，成千上万的工程师和工人拯救了22座寺庙和无数的文物。)”和文章第五段“When the project ended in 1980, it was considered a great success.(当这个项目在1980年结束时，它被认为是一个巨大的成功。)”可知，完成这个项目花费了20年。故选C。 主题03 人与自然—— 探索 Passage 1 （24-25学年高二上·青海省西宁市·期末） WHY SHENNONGJIA? As we know, in 2016, Shennongjia made it on to the UNESCO World Heritage List. But there are so many important places not yet on this list. So you might ask: why Shennongjia? UNESCO awarded Shennongjia this status because it meets two criteria required by the list. It contains a naturally-balanced environment that allows the many and various species to live and prosper. It is also one of the rare locations in the world where scientists can observe in real time the ecological and biological processes that occur as the plants and animals develop and evolve. For the first criterion, Shennongjia is apparently one of the most “complete” natural areas in the world. The region rises from about 400 metres to over 3, 000 metres above sealevel, giving it the name the “Roof of Central China”. For the second criterion, we can see that Shennongjia has incredible biodiversity. Look at this slide. According to official statistics, over 3, 000 plant species have been recorded there. This represents more than ten percent of China’s total floral richness. It is a challenge to look after so many species. In winter, scientists brave heavy snow and freezing temperatures to supply food to the Golden Snub-nosed Monkey. Thanks to their efforts, the monkey’s population has doubled since the 1980s.Their number reached over 1, 300 in 2015 and continues to grow. But the most impressive aspect of Shennongjia is the local people, who take things from nature without causing damage. I visited a local village which is known for its home-made honey. What is special about the honey is that it is produced by the earliest species of Chinese bee. All of this explains why Shennongjia earned—and deserves—its place on the UNESCO World Heritage List, as well as highlighting how understanding, awareness and hard work have contributed towards protecting a unique and wonderful part of our natural world. 1．Why is Shennongjia included in the UNESCO World Heritage List? A．Because its forests stretch on and on like great green seas. B．Because it is the legendary father of Chinese herbal medicine. C．Because it satisfies the two requirements for the status. D．Because it has the mysterious creature called “Yeren”. 2．Shennongjia is also called the“ ”. A．Roof of Central China B．Roof of Northern China C．Roof of Eastern China D．Roof of Southern China 3．How does the author think of the scientists in Shennongjia? A．Patient. B．Careful. C．Confident. D．Hard-working. 4．According to the text, what impressed the author most? A．A local village. B．The local people. C．Some special monkeys. D．The wild bees. 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．D 4．B 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了神农架被联合国教科文组织列入世界遗产名录的原因。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段中“UNESCO awarded Shennongjia this status because it meets two criteria required by the list. (联合国教科文组织授予神农架这一地位，是因为它满足了名录所要求的两个标准。)”可知，联合国教科文组织将神农架授予这一地位，因为它符合清单所要求的两个标准。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段中“giving it the name the “Roof of Central China”(因此被称为“华中屋脊”)”可知，该地区被誉为“华中屋脊”。故选A。 3．推理判断题。根据第五段中“It is a challenge to look after so many species. In winter, scientists brave heavy snow and freezing temperatures to supply food to the Golden Snub-nosed Monkey. (照顾这么多的物种是一项挑战。在冬天，科学家们冒着大雪和寒冷的气温为金丝猴提供食物。)”可推断，作者认为照顾如此多的物种的科学家们是努力的、辛苦的。故选D。 4．细节理解题。根据最后一段“But the most impressive aspect of Shennongjia is the local people (但神农架最令人印象深刻的是当地人)”可知，神农架最令人印象深刻的方面是当地人。故选B。 Passage 2 （24-25学年高二上·陕西省宝鸡市·期末） A tree has roots (根). People have roots too. If you get to the root of a problem, you will solve it. It’s the same thing with words. Dig deeply into a big, unfamiliar word and you will understand where it came from. As readers, especially those reading in a second language, we need to deal with the text as if we were detectives (侦探) looking for information to unlock (解开……秘密) the unknown. Like any good detective arriving on the crime scene, the first thing to do when meeting a new and difficult word is to judge the situation, to look at everything that is known and see if it helps us to understand what it means. As you know, prefixes (前缀) and suffixes (后缀) can be added to the beginning or end of words to change the meaning. Know them, and you will have the word building power. But root words are the key (关键). Take time to learn a few of these, put them in your memory, and you will become a master word detective. Let’s look at one common root word used in English. “Alter” from the Latin(拉丁语的) word means “other”. When you meet this root word, you know that the bigger word has something to do with “other”. Examine the word “alternate”. Can you find the Latin root in it? • If you and your friend like to eat out, first you pay and the other pays the next time. You are alternating paying.   • If you go to the movies on alternate Saturdays, you go on one Saturday, but not the other Saturday. • If you have no alternative, you have no other choice. Learn as many root words as possible in the language you are studying. Then use your “rooting for words” skills. Like any new skill, practice and hard work are always paid back. 1．If Jim and Lily go to the movies, which one below is “alternating paying”? A．Jim pays every time. B．They each pay half. C．They take turns paying. D．Their parents pay for them. 2．How does the author (作者) explain his ideas about root words? A．By giving a fact. B．By taking an example. C．By telling a story. D．By having a discussion. 3．“Sen” from the Latin word means “old”. Which word uses this Latin root? A．My brother is my senior by two years. B．He was ill so he was absent from school. C．A criminal was sentenced to death by law. D．60 students were present at the sports meeting. 4．Which of the following shows the structure (结构) of the passage? (①=Paragraph (段落) 1  ② =Paragraph 2, ...) A． B． C． D． 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．A 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了学习词汇时，需要像侦探一样深入研究词根、前缀和后缀，以理解词汇的含义和用法。文章强调了词根的重要性，并举例说明了如何通过词根理解词汇的意义。 1．词句猜测题。根据第五段中“• If you and your friend like to eat out, first you pay and the other pays the next time. You are alternating paying. (•如果你和你的朋友喜欢出去吃饭，这次你先付钱，下次另一个付钱。你们就是交替支付)”可知，alternating paying指的是两个人“交替付款”。所以，如果吉姆和莉莉去看电影，alternating paying指的就是“她们轮流付钱”。故选C项。 2．推理判断题。根据第三段中“But root words are the key (关键). Take time to learn a few of these, put them in your memory, and you will become a master word detective.(但词根词是关键。花点时间学习其中的一些，把它们记在你的记忆里，你就会成为一个单词侦探大师)”可知，作者认为词根是词汇学习的关键，第四段中“Let’s look at one common root word used in English. “Alter” from the Latin (拉丁语的) word means “other”. When you meet this root word, you know that the bigger word has something to do with “other”. Examine the word “alternate”. Can you find the Latin root in it?(让我们来看看英语中常用的一个词根。“Alter”来自拉丁语，意思是“其他的”。当你遇到这个词根时，你就知道更大的词和“other”有关)”作者列举了词根“Alter”来说明词根对词汇学习的重要性。所以，作者是通过举例的方式来阐述他对词根观点。故选B项。 3．推理判断题。根据第四段中“Let’s look at one common root word used in English. “Alter” from the Latin (拉丁语的) word means “other”. When you meet this root word, you know that the bigger word has something to do with “other”. Examine the word “alternate”. Can you find the Latin root in it?(让我们来看看英语中常用的一个词根。“Alter”来自拉丁语，意思是“其他的”。当你遇到这个词根时，你就知道更大的词和“other”有关)”可知，更大的词汇和它的拉丁语词根相关。题干告知我们拉丁语词根“Sen”的意思是“年老的；年纪大的”，结合A项句意“我哥哥比我大两岁。”可推知，senior一词意为“较年长的人；长者”，使用了拉丁语词根“Sen”。故选A项。 4．推理判断题。根据第一段中“If you get to the root of a problem, you will solve it. It’s the same thing with words. Dig deeply into a big, unfamiliar word and you will understand where it came from.(如果你找到问题的根源，你就能解决问题。词汇也是如此。深挖一个陌生的大词，你就会明白它的由来)”可知，第一段提出研究词根的重要性；第二段中“As readers, especially those reading in a second language, we need to deal with the text as if we were detectives (侦探) looking for information to unlock (解开……秘密) the unknown. Like any good detective arriving on the crime scene, the first thing to do when meeting a new and difficult word is to judge the situation, to look at everything that is known and see if it helps us to understand what it means.(作为读者，尤其是那些用第二语言阅读的读者，我们需要像侦探一样寻找信息来解开未知的谜团。就像任何一个到达犯罪现场的好侦探一样，当遇到一个新的和困难的单词时，首先要做的是判断情况，看看所有已知的东西，看看它是否有助于我们理解它的意思)”是对第一段内容的进一步阐述，通过类比来说明如何利用词根来分析词义；根据第三段和第四内容可知，这两段是并列关系，用举例的方式说明如何通过词根来分析词义，与第二段构成并列关系；最后一段“Learn as many root words as possible in the language you are studying. Then use your “rooting for words” skills. Like any new skill, practice and hard work are always paid back.(尽可能多地学习这门语言的词根。然后运用你的“找词”技巧。就像任何新技能一样，练习和努力总会有回报的)”是对全文内容的总结。综上，第一段是文章主题段，第二段和第三、四段构成并列关系，是对主题内容的阐述，第五段总结全文。故选B项。 Passage 3 （24-25学年高二上·山西省太原市·期末） “For a long time, I thought poetry and mountain biking were complete opposites and would not go together at all,” says Mackenzle Myatt, a cyclist and writer from Canada, who just published her first poetry book, In Defense of Big Dreams, which goes around her lifelong love of mountain biking. As long as Myatt can remember, she has been writing poetry and riding bikes. The two things were very separate sides of her — the sporty, competitive side and the part that loved books and writing, playing with language. It was only too mechanical to try to put them together until Myatt took ownership of her training and started digging into the mental and emotional side of sport. That’s when it really clicks with poetry. Mountain bikers talk about the idea of flow quite a lot. During racing, the goal is to be able to achieve flow state and be super smooth as everything is happening automatically without thinking. The feeling of inspiration in writing is similar to the flow state on a mountain bike. The$