词汇清单07 阅读理解高频词（按主题分类清单）（必备知识·对点训练）2026年高考英语二轮复习讲练测

该高中英语高考复习知识清单系统整合新高考阅读理解高频词，涵盖人物性格、行为动作、身心健康、社会文化、科技创新等15大主题，全面覆盖高考阅读核心词汇及短语，构建从基础词义到语境应用的复习体系。 清单采用主题分类与分层训练结合设计，如“情感/态度”模块标注高频形容词及语境搭配，“社会热点”融入环保、科技等话题词汇培养文化意识。配套“巩固提升”的选词填空、短语填空及“冲刺突破”的阅读理解真题演练，通过语境应用提升语言能力与思维品质，助力学生自主高效复习，为教师提供精准教学支持。

词汇清单07 新高考阅读理解高频词清单及对点训练 必识新高考阅读理解高频词清单 性格/特点 abnormal adj.不正常的 accustomed adj.惯常的 acute adj.敏锐的 admirable adj.可钦佩的 advanced adj.先进的 alike adj.相像的，十分相似的 antique adj.古老的 apparent adj.显而易见的 authentic adj.真实的 automatic adj.无意识的；自动的 bent adj.弯曲的；不正派的 bored adj.烦闷的，无聊的 brief adj.简短的；短暂的 capable adj.有能力的；有才能的 cautious adj.谨慎的 classic adj.经典的；一流的 classical adj.古典的 clumsy adj.笨拙的 competent adj.能胜任的 complex adj.复杂的 considerate adj.考虑周到的 cooperative adj.有合作精神的 critical adj.批判性的；挑剔的 deadly adj.致命的 devoted adj.忠诚的 dull adj.枯燥无味的 efficient adj.有效率的 elegant adj.优雅的；文雅的 energetic adj.精力充沛的 enthusiastic adj.热情的 essential adj.必要的 faithful adj.忠诚的 fierce adj.凶猛的；猛烈的 firm adj.强有力的；坚定的 forgetful adj.健忘的 fragile adj.易碎的；脆弱的 frank adj.坦率的 generous adj.慷慨的，大方的 gentle adj.温和的 grand adj.壮丽的；宏伟的 handy adj.易使用的；便利的 humorous adj.幽默的 mean adj.吝啬的；刻薄的 mild adj.轻微的；温和的 modest adj.谦虚的，谦逊的 narrow adj.狭隘的；勉强的 noble adj.崇高的 novel adj.新颖的 objective adj.客观的 optimistic adj.乐观的 outstanding adj.杰出的 passionate adj.充满热情的 passive adj.被动的；消极的 pessimistic adj.悲观的 realistic adj.现实的 reliable adj.可信赖的 responsible adj.负责的 rough adj.粗野的；粗糙的 selfish adj.自私的 sincere adj.真诚的 stable adj.稳固的，稳定的 still adj.静止的；寂静的 stubborn adj.顽固的 stupid adj.糊涂的；笨的 thoughtful adj.深思的 tough adj.严厉的；坚强的 vain adj.徒劳的；自负的 vivid adj.生动的；鲜明的 voluntary adj.无偿的；自愿的 身心健康 adolescence n．青春期 be accustomed to习惯于 be addicted to对……上瘾 break down(健康状况)垮掉 depression n．抑郁 disease n．疾病 headache n．头疼 infect v．感染 nutrition n．营养 obesity n．肥胖 operation n．手术 organ n．器官 potential n．潜质；潜力 adj.潜在的 protein n．蛋白质 psychologically adv.心理上 recovery n．康复 refresh v．使恢复精力 surgeon n．外科医生 symptom n．症状 命令/要求 abolish v．废除 appoint v．委派，委任 assign v．指派；委派 ban n．禁令 v．禁止 command/instruct v．命令 convention n．协定，协议 demand v．强烈要求 n．要求，需求 insist on坚决要求 instruction n．指示；命令 permission n．许可；批准 position n．姿态，立场 prevent v．阻止 request n．& v．要求，请求 require v．要求 查找/检查 check vt.检查；查看 collect v．搜集；采集 consult v．查询，查阅 discover v．发现 examine vt.检查；测验 explore v．探索 find out查明 go over仔细检查 hunt for搜寻 inspect vt.仔细检查；视察 look for(＝seek)寻找 search v．搜寻，搜查 答复 accept v．同意；接受 admit v．承认 advocate v．支持；提倡 agree v．同意 adopt v．采纳 approve v．批准；同意 confirm v．确认；批准 be opposed to反对 consider v．仔细考虑 decision n．决定 decline v．谢绝；拒绝 do sb a favo(u)r帮助某人 favo(u)r n．赞同；偏爱；帮助 in favo(u)r of支持 guarantee/promise v．保证 object to 反对 react vi.(对……)作出反应 refuse v．拒绝 respond v．回应 reject v．拒绝接受 reply v．回复 state v．声明；陈述；说明 make/come to/reach a decision作出决定 估计 assessment n．评估；评定 beyond expectations超出预期 estimate v．估计 contrary to expectations和预期相反 expectation n．预料；期待 suppose v．假定；推断 value v．给……估价 写/画 cartoon n．漫画 contribute v．投稿 copy n．复制品 diagram n．图表，简图 dictate v．口述 drop sb a line给某人写信 edition n．版本 image n．图像；画像 issue v．出版；发表 outline n．概要；轮廓 paint v．用颜料画 plot v．画出；标出 portrait n．肖像 represent v．描述；描绘 script n．笔迹 set/take/write down写下，记录 version n．版本 说/建议 account for 解释，说 address v．演讲 advertise v．宣传(自己的事) announce v．宣布 appeal v．呼吁；恳求 argument n．争吵；辩论 bargain v．讨价还价 broadcast v．广播；传播 case n．理由，论据 chat v．聊天 claim v．宣称 clarify v．阐明，澄清 complain v．抱怨 debate v．辩论 declare v．宣布 describe v．描述 disclose v．揭露；泄露 discuss v．讨论 direct v．指示 explain v．解释 expose v．揭露 inform v．告知 introduce v．介绍 mention v．提到 publish v．公布 pronounce v．发音；正式宣布 reason v．推理，推断 recognize v．承认 remind v．提醒 vow v．发誓 repeat v．重说；重复 whisper v．耳语 warn sb of sth提醒某人某事 人物动作/行为 catch sight of看见 gaze v．凝视 glance v．匆匆一看 glare v．怒目而视 glimpse v．瞥见 look sb up and down上下打量某人 look up抬头往上看 observe v．观察；注意到 regard v．把……视为 resemble v．看起来像，像 scan v．细看；审视；浏览 skim v．略读 spot v．看见，看出 stare v．盯着看，凝视 uncover v．发现 witness v．目击；见证 look down on/upon蔑视 advance v．前进 cover v．行走(一段路程) escape v．逃走 flee v．逃离 jog v．慢跑 march v．行进 pace v．踱步 slide v．滑行 slip v．悄悄疾行 step v．迈步 wander v．游荡 beat(＝defeat) v．打败 behave(＝conduct) v．表现得体；表现 believe v．相信 bite v．咬 blow v．吹；吹奏 break v．打破 burst v．猛冲 convey v．传递 destroy v．破坏 donate v．捐赠 fetch v．(去)拿来 govern v．治理 handle v．处理；负责 hit v．打击 hold v．拿着；抓住 hug v．拥抱 kick v．踢 knock v．敲 lay v．铺；放置 manage v．经营，管理 seize v．抓住；夺取 stick v．戳，刺 touch v．触摸 wave v．招手 wear v．穿，戴；蓄(发，须) whip v．鞭打 wipe v．擦；消除 cope with(成功地)对付 see sb off为某人送行 take hold of抓住 burst into tears＝burst out crying突然大哭起来 burst into laughter＝burst out laughing突然大笑起来 grin v．咧着嘴笑 laugh at嘲笑 mock v．取笑，嘲弄 sob v．抽噎 weep v．哭泣 wail v．号啕大哭 情感/态度 admire v．赞赏；赞美；钦佩 appreciate v．欣赏 amuse v．逗乐 alarm n．惊恐 v．使惊恐 ashamed adj.惭愧的，羞愧的 awful adj.极坏的；可怕的 awkward adj.令人尴尬的 blame v．责备 condemn v．谴责 criticize v．批评 devotion n．奉献；热爱 disgusting adj.令人厌恶的 embarrassed adj.尴尬的 excellent adj.极好的 false adj.错误的；假的 fantastic adj.极好的 favorite adj.最喜欢的 impressive adj.令人赞叹的 indifferent adj.漠不关心的 fright n．惊吓 horror n．恐惧 panic n．& v．惊慌 prefer v．更喜欢 scare v．受惊吓 praise v．& n．高度赞扬 suspicious/sceptical adj.怀疑的 terror n．恐惧 uninterested adj.不感兴趣的 worried adj.担心的 be crazy about迷恋，热衷于 speak highly of高度赞扬 得到/拥有 achieve v．取得 acquire v．获得 acquisition n．获得；得到 afford v．买得起 attain v．获得 contain v．含有；容纳 earn v．挣得，赚得 gain vt.获得；赢得 obtain vt.获得，得到 occupy v．占有；占据 own(＝possess) v．拥有 reserve v．贮备 share v．共有 职业/身份 accountant n．会计 agent n．代理人；代理商 applicant n．申请人 architect n．建筑师 assistant n．助手 authority n．当权者；当局 candidate n．候选人 captain n．船长；机长；队长 clerk n．职员 coach n．教练 colleague n．同事 companion n．同伴，伙伴 competitor n．竞争者 director n．董事；导演 editor n．编辑 employee n．雇员 employer n．雇主 fellow n．同事 guide n．导游 inspector n．视察员 interviewee n．接受采访者 interviewer n．采访者；面试官 judge n．法官；裁判 lawyer n．律师 model n．模特 official n．高级职员，官员 partner n．合伙人 pilot n．飞行员 poet n．诗人 principal n．首长；校长 producer n．制片人 receptionist n．接待员 secretary n．秘书 scholar n．学者 superior n．上级，上司 文化艺术 adapt v．改编；使适应 bachelor n．学士 biography n．传记 civilize v．使文明，开化 comedy n．喜剧 compose v．创作，作曲 comprehension n．理解 comprise v．由……组成 compulsory courses必修课 concrete adj.具体的 consciousness n．意识；观念 coordination n．协调 criterion n．标准 discipline n．纪律 fictional adj.虚构的 heritage n．(文化)遗产 illustrate v．阐明 literature n．文学；文献，资料 masterpiece n．杰作 modify v．调整；修饰 optional courses选修课 original adj.首创的 n．原作 pursuit n．追求；消遣 subscribe v．订阅 tragedy n．悲剧 科技创新 access v．存取(计算机数据) calculate v．计算，核算 cyberspace n．网络空间 database n．数据库 electronic adj.电子的 patent n．专利；专利证书 hardware n．硬件 illogical adj.不合逻辑的 statistic data统计数据 systematic adj.系统的 transmit v．传送，传输 approximately adv.大约 assumption n．假定，假设 breakthrough n．突破 clone v．克隆 density n．密度 elementary adj.基本的 evolution n．演变；进化 graph n．图表，曲线图 artificial intelligence(AI)人工智能 high-tech adj.高科技的 inescapable adj.不可避免的 infinite adj.无限的 inquiry n．探究；调查 intelligence n．智力，智慧 react with与……起化学反应 sensor n．传感器 specialized adj.专用的 transplant v．& n．移植 社会热点 accelerate v．(使)加速，加快 allocate vt.分配 assess v．评估；估算 bankrupt adj.破产的 boost v．提高；推动；使增长 cater for适合，满足需要 celebrity n．名人 critic n．批评家，评论家 critically adv.批判性地 depressed adj.萧条的 distinction n．差别，区别 distribute v．分发；散布 emergence n．兴起 financial squeeze财政困难 flourish v．繁荣 genuine adj.真的；真诚的 impose v．把……强加于 indicate v．指出；象征；显示 initiative n．倡议，新方案 restore v．恢复；归还 setting n．环境，背景 sponsor n．赞助者 v．赞助 squeeze v．压榨 tend v．倾向 thrive v．旺盛，繁荣 abandoned adj.废弃的 alternative energy替代能源 atmosphere n．大气 be poisonous to对……有毒 botany n．植物学 climate change气候变化 creature n．生物，动物 die out灭绝 ecological adj.生态(学)的 endangered species濒危物种 environmentally friendly环保的 extinction n．灭绝，绝种 organic adj.有机的 preserve v．保护 sustainable adj.可持续的 chemical n．化学制品 circumstance n．条件，环境 dispose of丢弃 garbage n．(生活)垃圾 garbage sorting 垃圾分类 punishment n．惩罚，处罚 recycle v．再利用 renewable adj.可再生的 severe adj.十分严重的 widespread adj.分布广的 catastrophe n．灾难 charity n．施舍；慈善机构 crisis n．危机 destructive adj.毁灭性的 drought n．干旱，旱灾 eruption n．(火山)爆发 miserable adj.痛苦的 stricken adj.遭受……的；受……之困的 victim n．受害者 volcanic adj.火山的 welfare n．福利 巩固提升 一、选词填空 从所给方框中选择适当的单词完成句子，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑(有两个多余的选项)。 A．diminished   B．gravity   C． nutritional   D．insight E. conventional   F. trait   G. compulsory   H. reproduced 1．The potential to improve the quality and value of the vegetables and animals we eat seem unlimited. 2．Frequent hand washing is and proper toilets are provided for workers in the field. 3．On the other hand, the techniques of genetic engineering are new, and quite different from breeding. 4．During the study, the amount of pesticide (杀虫剂) used by farmers because they saw less need for it. 5．This combination of biological and engineering pragmatism is vital to success in biomimetics, and has led to several promising technologies. 6．Humans have been altering the genetic of plants for thousands of years by keeping seeds from the best crops. 选词填空 bother  adjust  embarrass  slight  vital  anxious  approve  reveal  rely  interpret Body language is of 7 importance to our daily communication. Unlike words, it can help us distinguish our true feelings. For instance, when someone is   8 , they may avoid eye contact with his face reddened. A speaker who stands straight with his head up and chest out demonstrates he is more 9 , while someone who might weep or bend under pressure 10 inner pain. Similarly, a 11 gesture can suggest rejection or 12 in different cultures. Understanding body language requires us   13 signals correctly. For example, a seemingly happy person wears a fake smile, but their internal 14 might be visible through constant hand movements. 15 our body language to be appropriate in different settings matters. What is acceptable in one culture is likely 16 people in another. By learning to perceive these subtle signs, we can improve our interactions and build stronger connections. 短语填空 fight a losing battle  over time  be meant to do  live up to  cheer up take advantage of  stick to  make a difference  in the wrong  in any case through thick and thin  count on  look forward to  at a loss  shoot up 17．When facing such a complex math problem, many students were and didn’t know how to start. 18．The meeting last Friday solve the project problem, but we still didn’t reach an agreement. 19．Last year, the prices of fresh vegetables because of the bad weather affecting the harvest. 20．I know I can you to help me when I encounter troubles in my study. 21． , we must finish the group project before the deadline, no matter what difficulties we meet. 22．Small acts of kindness can really to those in need. 23．True friends will stand by your side , not just when you are successful. 24．Let’s go to the cinema this weekend to our friend who has been in low spirits lately. 25．The young athlete is training hard every day so he can his coach’s expectations and perform well in the upcoming competition next week. 26．When preparing for the final exam last semester, Lily the resources available in the school library to improve her study. 27．You can’t blame others for this mistake — actually, you are for not following the rules. 28． , people have gradually realized the importance of protecting the environment and taken more active actions. 29．Trying to change his bad habits in just one day is like — it’s almost impossible. 30．All the students are the coming winter holiday that will allow them to relax fully. 31．Even when the project got difficult, he his original plan and finally finished it. 用方框中的词或词组的正确形式完成下列句子，每个词或词组只能用一次。 benefit    society    relieve   strength    frequency    pay off    deal with     try out for    be fed up with 32．News of their safety came as a great . 33．I believe that life in the countryside is more for children. 34．The exercises are designed to your stomach muscles. 35．All my hard work in the end, and I finally passed the exam. 36．There are contacts between the peoples of the two countries. 37．These workers being at the bottom of the pile when it comes to pay. 38．Paul had a strong desire to play for the team, so he making the team many times. 39．These stories about struggles also told students how the scientists these obstacles. 40．Jane was invited to a big gathering, but because of her quiet nature, she politely refused. 冲刺突破 Passage 1 So Lite Glide Traditional walkers simply aren’t designed well. If you’ve ever watched someone shuffling (拖着脚走) along, bent over an old-fashioned standard walker, the advantages of a So Lite Glide quickly become obvious. The Glide helps you walk the way you’ve always walked: Upright rather than bent over, facing ahead rather than looking down. This is a safer walk, one that allows better visibility, encourages personal pride and seriously reduces backache. With the Glide upright walker, you’ll feel better about yourself. Features: So many of its features focus on safety, including always-accessible and lockable handbrakes, reflectors (后视镜) and the already-noted increased visibility. The comfortable armrests, and the greater width that allows the user to actually step in and participate more fully in the walk, are easily adjusted to user size and preference. There’s 10 inches of height adjustment from 34.75” to 44.75”, allowing for a larger range of adjustment than many other upright walkers can offer. Ease of use is another essential, of course. That’s why there’s an easy and convenient one-button height control adjustment to attain the height you need-nothing to remove. The sit-to-stand handles make standing up easier after you’ve been seated and resting. There’s a one-touch leg that folds for easy transport and storage. ·Only 19 pounds! ·Comes fully equipped ·Comes in two colors ·Large, comfortable backrest ·Removable carry bag Have questions or need personal assistance? Call us today at 888-660-0946 and speak with a USA-based So Lite Glide expert. 1．What makes the So Lite Glide stand out from traditional walkers? A．It is cheaper. B．It weighs 19 pounds. C．It offers more color options. D．It helps the user walk naturally. 2．Which of the following is a feature of the So Lite Glide? A．It is 34.75 inches wide. B．It folds up easily. C．It moves automatically. D．It is self-adjustable. 3．Who is the So Lite Glide probably designed for? A．The physically inconvenienced. B．The blind and deaf. C．Healthcare workers. D．Mountain climbers. Passage 2 Originally, I wasn’t meant to be a police officer. In 1990, I was finishing my hairdressing and beauty course at college, and I was also participating in the Duke of Edinburgh’s Award Scheme (计划). I completed part of my award at Filton Police station, where a police officer gave us a talk and mentioned dog handlers. I was highly interested in the role and applied to join the police almost immediately — a completely different career path than I had expected. After joining Avon and Somerset Police in June 1990, I was posted to “The Bridewell”, or Central as it was called back then, and I completed my two years’ probation (试用期) there. From the moment I started, I aimed to become a dog handler. I made sure that when I could eventually apply, that I would fit the criteria, ensuring that I completed response training and had experience in Neighbourhood Policing as well. When the time was right, I approached the Inspector to ask about applying, who very nicely told me that I couldn’t apply to be a dog handler because I was a woman. I didn’t realize this would be a hindrance, so naturally I inquired why. I was met with a now very outdated attitude of women not being suitable for dog handling. There weren’t any female dog handlers in Avon and Somerset at the time. That fact didn’t stop me from applying for the role, and neither did the demanding application process. With a great support system, I joined a club and took up running alongside specific preparations for the role. I passed the assessment and landed my dream job — a tough process and one of the hardest physical challenges of my life. I won the National Dog Action of the Year award in 1999. This was a great achievement. It’s a whole new world in dog handling now. It’s more open and honest to those who want to join, and I’m so grateful and pleased that I can be at this point in my career. 4．What made the author decide to become a police dog handler? A．A police officer’s talk. B．Her college course. C．Her probation experience. D．The award she won. 5．What does the underlined word “hindrance” in paragraph 3 probably mean? A．Surprise. B．Barrier. C．Chance. D．Choice. 6．How does the author feel about the current state of dog handling? A．Confused. B．Concerned. C．Satisfied. D．Disappointed. 7．What is the main idea of the text? A．The challenges of training police dogs. B．Becoming a police officer with great difficulties. C．The development of police-dog operations in the force. D．Overcoming gender prejudice to achieve a dream career. Passage 3 Looking at his pile of unpaid bills always makes Giuseppe Del Giudice feel uneasy. Sometimes he got late fees because of his habit of putting things off, but in many ways the emotional loss is worse. “The longer the bills go unpaid,” says Del Giudice, “the more anxious I get.” Everyone procrastinates (拖延). “It’s common,” says procrastination researcher Tim Pychyl, a psychology professor at Carleton University, Canada. “One of the ways we cope is to run away, and that’s what procrastination comes down to.” You can procrastinate on nearly anything, even pleasant tasks such as planning a vacation. Research has shown that the top tasks people delay are cleaning, advancing their careers, taking care of their health and planning their finances. One big factor for them is fear of being judged by others and themselves. Kelli Saginak procrastinated about looking for a new job for years. “It’s totally fear of failure and of not living up to expectations,” says Saginak. “If I don’t take the risk, I don’t have to face the judgment. Yet it’s simply me judging myself.” Some people embrace procrastination, believing that they perform well under pressure. Researchers have uncovered the truth. Most of them did worse than non-procrastinators, but they thought they did better. Whatever the motivation, procrastination is usually not going to be good for you. Procrastinators experience higher levels of stress, both from leaving things to the last minute and from their own negative and self-critical feelings about their procrastination. Some of the research has also shown that this stress increases the risks of many diseases. “We used to believe behaviours follow attitude, but if you take immediate action, you’ll make progress, thus motivating yourself.” Pychyl says. So next time you procrastinate on starting an exercise routine, just put on your walking shoes at once. 8．Why does the author mention Del Giudice in Paragraph 1? A．To introduce the topic. B．To spark the interest. C．To explain the reason. D．To take the example. 9．What do researchers identify as the main reason for most procrastination? A．Too many urgent tasks to handle at once. B．A lack of proper time-management skills. C．Fear of self-assessment and external evaluation. D．The enjoyment of working under tight deadlines. 10．How can you deal with procrastination according to the text? A．By finding what drives you. B．By taking a positive attitude. C．By getting started right now. D．By making a routine schedule. 11．What does the passage mainly talk about? A．The solutions to procrastination. B．An introduction to procrastination. C．The dangers of procrastination. D．The main causes of procrastination. Passage 4 Pride is often considered a negative force in human existence — the opposite of humility and a source of social conflicts. But is it? According to psychologist Jessica Tracy, pride can have many boons. She argues that pride, like other human emotions, is part of our evolutionary heritage, helping us to survive and thrive in cooperative societies by inspiring us to be the best human we can be. Pride makes us feel good, and it’s an indication to ourselves that we are behaving in a way consistent with the values of our society. Tracy argues that those who regularly experience pride tend to be “outgoing, friendly, agreeable, calm and honest”, and “are generally communally oriented, meaning they place a high value on their relationships and friendships”. In this way, having pride makes people want to gain approval and respect from their communities. But that doesn’t mean that pride is all for the good. It has a dark side, too, when it leads to hubris. Hubris is pride that has been falsely assumed without merit in order to drive away an inner sense of insecurity. If individuals exaggerate their importance, take credit for others’ achievements, bully others, or act aggressively toward anyone who questions them, it’s a sign that pride has turned to hubris. Moreover, people having hubris are more likely to be prejudiced and less likely to show empathy. Can authentic pride lead to hubris? It depends, says Tracy. If you feel authentic pride and it inspires you to do good by your community’s standards, great. But if you start feeling the need to live up to others’ expectations and earn their admiration by cheating, chalices are you are leaning toward hubris. To avoid pride slipping toward hubris, Tracy warns people not to lose their heads over the positive regard they receive for their accomplishments. “When we start to receive the gains — be they increased status, fame, or fortune — it becomes exceedingly easy to forget that these outcomes are indirect consequences of striving to be a good person,” says Tracy. “We should always remind ourselves that these accomplishments are not our primary goals.” 12．What does the underlined word “boons” in paragraph 1 mean? A．benefits. B．limitations. C．forms. D．controversies. 13．Why can pride help people develop good moral characters? A．Pride can encourage people to work harder. B．Pride can make people value social recognition. C．Pride can give people a sense of responsibility. D．Pride can help people better control their emotions. 14．What does the author intend to do in paragraph 3? A．To offer a solution to hubris. B．To describe specific behavior of hubris. C．To explain the motivation behind hubris. D．To stress the terrible consequences of hubris. 15．Which of the following can make authentic pride turn into hubris? A．Trying to win other people’s admiration. B．Lowering expectations for achievements. C．Failing to receive the well-deserved rewards. D．Regarding external rewards as the ultimate pursuit. Passage 5 Ten years ago I found it difficult to read books. When I got to a passage that required more intense focus, I put the book aside and reached for my phone which seemed to be always ringing. Since literature has always been important in my life, I was disappointed and surprised. As a psychiatrist (精神病学家) with an interest in what shapes our behaviors, I wondered why. I thought of the Nobel Prize-winning researcher Nikolaas Tinbergen’s experiment with herring gulls (银鸥). Herring gulls have a red spot on their beak. When the chicks are hungry, they peck (啄) at the parent’s spot and are fed. In the 1940s, Tinbergen painted a red spot on a pencil, a spot larger than the one on the beak. When he put the pencil in the nest, something strange happened: The chicks stopped pecking at their parents and pecked at the pencil. Even though the parents were in the nest and the pen didn’t give them any food, the hungry birds chose the pencil again and again. Tinbergen called the large red spot on the pencil a “superstimulus”, which is so strong that it beats what nature has developed. I came to realize why my interest in books fell flat. Hand in hand with time spent on screens, our ability to focus has worsened. With evolving artificial intelligence, companies, like Facebook and TikTok, for whom our time is their money have managed to grab our attention. They have been given the opportunity to create content so tailored to each of us that it feels as if it is coming from someone who knows our innermost being and there is nothing as rewarding in the real world-which thus becomes even more difficult to ignore. Any way out? Instead of jumping in the discussion whether we are for or against technology, just be aware that every time we log in, an artificial intelligence worth billions of dollars is trying to figure out: How can I get him or her not to log out? But long story short, with the distraction device in another room, I am able to read as usual. 16．What was the author’s problem? A．He was experiencing vision loss. B．His mobile phone failed to work. C．He was tired of reading literature. D．His lifelong hobby was outcompeted. 17．The author mentions Nikolaas Tinbergen’s experiment to ______. A．explain a mystery of herring gulls B．figure out a solution to his problem C．present differences between species D．throw light on the cause of his confusion 18．With what do Facebook and TikTok seize our attention? A．Up-to-date content. B．Handsome rewards. C．Immediate comfort. D．Personalized newsfeed. 19．What is the author’s proposed solution in the last paragraph? A．Launching an open discussion. B．Quitting using electric devices. C．Keeping the screens out of reach. D．Developing decision-making abilities. Passage 6 The global celebration of “Zootopia 2” at Shanghai Disneyland has become a hot topic across social media. Fans from different cities rushed to Shanghai to participate in the event, and related topics have received millions of views online. The success of this celebration is closely related to the influence of the “Zootopia” IP. The first “Zootopia” movie won the love of audiences around the world with its wonderful plot and positive values. The sequel “Zootopia 2” has been highly anticipated since it was announced, and the global celebration has further boosted fans’ enthusiasm. In addition to the charm of the IP itself, the careful arrangement of the event also contributed to its success. The float parade allowed fans to interact with their favorite characters up close. The plot-based transformation of the park made the visit more interesting. Many parents brought their children to the event, and the whole family enjoyed a happy time together. Industry insiders said that this event is a successful example of the integration of animated IP and theme park operations. It provides valuable experience for the development of the entertainment industry. 20．Why did the “Zootopia 2” global celebration become a hot topic? A．Because the park gave away free gifts. B．Because of the influence of the “Zootopia” IP and careful event arrangement. C．Because it was held on a holiday. D．Because many celebrities attended it. 21．What made the first “Zootopia” movie popular? A．Its wonderful plot and positive values. B．Its low ticket price. C．Its short duration. D．Its famous directors. 22．Who participated in the celebration? A．Only young fans. B．Only old fans. C．Fans of all ages, including families. D．Only movie actors. 23．What does the event mean for the entertainment industry? A．It is a successful example of IP and theme park integration. B．It shows that animated movies are not popular anymore. C．It makes theme parks less attractive. D．It has no impact on the industry. Passage 7 Every day, we speak to and spend time with the people who mean the most to us. However, think about how many people you interact with in a typical week are the ones you wouldn’t consider as close connections. 24 . In sociology, these are known as our “weak ties”, referred to as such to differentiate them from our strong ties, like close friends and family members. 25 . For example, if you spoke about your job hunt to a group of close friends, they might only be aware of the same job opportunities as you because you move in the same circles. However, mentioning it to an acquaintance, like a regular waiter, connects you to people outside your own social circle, which can provide unexpected job opportunities. “Weak ties can serve special functions not served by close ties, including providing access to unique information and resources,” says Susan Sprecher, distinguished professor at Illinois State University. “Additionally, many people interact with more weak ties throughout a day than they do with close ties. 26 .” Indeed, weak ties can give us a real mental health boost. A recent study done by Sprecher indicated people with wider connections of weak ties tend to be happier. 27 . They reported feeling more happiness and greater feelings of belonging on days when they interacted with more classmates than usual. Given they have such a strong impact on our lives, why not create weak ties? 28 . Often, this will mean going outside and speaking to people, whether it’s those you pass in the street, who serve you in shops, or with whom you share a class. A．The research involved students B．You find yourself in a better mood C．We just need to engage with other people D．Weak ties can have a smaller effect than you might think E．This diverse social network is related with good health and well-being F．For example, you chat with the guys who regularly serve you at the store G．Strong ties tend to form closed social groups with limited new information Passage 8 It has long been known that sleep also plays a significant role in physical and emotional health. Now, researchers from the University of South Australia have published a new study in the Journal of Neuroscience. 29 This is good news for anyone who wants to study a foreign language. According to a blog on Everywhere English, there are two phases that the brain cycles through when sleeping. 30 During this phase, which usually happens about an hour and a half after a person has fallen asleep, brain activity is high and shows levels that are similar to when that person is awake. This is when dreams occur. In non-REM sleep, brain activity is low. 31 But in fact, the researchers from the University of South Australia found that just the opposite is true. According to a University of South Australia press release, the researchers conducted an experiment with 35 native English speakers. Half of the students learned the language in the morning and then went on with their days. 32 This way the researchers could record their brainwaves. Both groups were tested on their knowledge in the morning. The group that had slept soon after they studied performed significantly better than those who had not. “ 33 It’s an active, transformative state for the brain,” Dr. Scott Cousins, a researcher at the University of South Australia, said in the press release. A．Sleep is not just restful. B．The first is called REM sleep. C．Is sleep help you learn language? D．If you are active, you’ll have a good memory. E．It investigates the way sleep helps people learn language. F．But the other half studied in the evening and then slept at the lab. G．One may think that memory and learning are gained when the brain is active. 3 / 16 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 词汇清单07 新高考阅读理解高频词清单及对点训练 必识新高考阅读理解高频词清单 性格/特点 abnormal adj.不正常的 accustomed adj.惯常的 acute adj.敏锐的 admirable adj.可钦佩的 advanced adj.先进的 alike adj.相像的，十分相似的 antique adj.古老的 apparent adj.显而易见的 authentic adj.真实的 automatic adj.无意识的；自动的 bent adj.弯曲的；不正派的 bored adj.烦闷的，无聊的 brief adj.简短的；短暂的 capable adj.有能力的；有才能的 cautious adj.谨慎的 classic adj.经典的；一流的 classical adj.古典的 clumsy adj.笨拙的 competent adj.能胜任的 complex adj.复杂的 considerate adj.考虑周到的 cooperative adj.有合作精神的 critical adj.批判性的；挑剔的 deadly adj.致命的 devoted adj.忠诚的 dull adj.枯燥无味的 efficient adj.有效率的 elegant adj.优雅的；文雅的 energetic adj.精力充沛的 enthusiastic adj.热情的 essential adj.必要的 faithful adj.忠诚的 fierce adj.凶猛的；猛烈的 firm adj.强有力的；坚定的 forgetful adj.健忘的 fragile adj.易碎的；脆弱的 frank adj.坦率的 generous adj.慷慨的，大方的 gentle adj.温和的 grand adj.壮丽的；宏伟的 handy adj.易使用的；便利的 humorous adj.幽默的 mean adj.吝啬的；刻薄的 mild adj.轻微的；温和的 modest adj.谦虚的，谦逊的 narrow adj.狭隘的；勉强的 noble adj.崇高的 novel adj.新颖的 objective adj.客观的 optimistic adj.乐观的 outstanding adj.杰出的 passionate adj.充满热情的 passive adj.被动的；消极的 pessimistic adj.悲观的 realistic adj.现实的 reliable adj.可信赖的 responsible adj.负责的 rough adj.粗野的；粗糙的 selfish adj.自私的 sincere adj.真诚的 stable adj.稳固的，稳定的 still adj.静止的；寂静的 stubborn adj.顽固的 stupid adj.糊涂的；笨的 thoughtful adj.深思的 tough adj.严厉的；坚强的 vain adj.徒劳的；自负的 vivid adj.生动的；鲜明的 voluntary adj.无偿的；自愿的 身心健康 adolescence n．青春期 be accustomed to习惯于 be addicted to对……上瘾 break down(健康状况)垮掉 depression n．抑郁 disease n．疾病 headache n．头疼 infect v．感染 nutrition n．营养 obesity n．肥胖 operation n．手术 organ n．器官 potential n．潜质；潜力 adj.潜在的 protein n．蛋白质 psychologically adv.心理上 recovery n．康复 refresh v．使恢复精力 surgeon n．外科医生 symptom n．症状 命令/要求 abolish v．废除 appoint v．委派，委任 assign v．指派；委派 ban n．禁令 v．禁止 command/instruct v．命令 convention n．协定，协议 demand v．强烈要求 n．要求，需求 insist on坚决要求 instruction n．指示；命令 permission n．许可；批准 position n．姿态，立场 prevent v．阻止 request n．& v．要求，请求 require v．要求 查找/检查 check vt.检查；查看 collect v．搜集；采集 consult v．查询，查阅 discover v．发现 examine vt.检查；测验 explore v．探索 find out查明 go over仔细检查 hunt for搜寻 inspect vt.仔细检查；视察 look for(＝seek)寻找 search v．搜寻，搜查 答复 accept v．同意；接受 admit v．承认 advocate v．支持；提倡 agree v．同意 adopt v．采纳 approve v．批准；同意 confirm v．确认；批准 be opposed to反对 consider v．仔细考虑 decision n．决定 decline v．谢绝；拒绝 do sb a favo(u)r帮助某人 favo(u)r n．赞同；偏爱；帮助 in favo(u)r of支持 guarantee/promise v．保证 object to 反对 react vi.(对……)作出反应 refuse v．拒绝 respond v．回应 reject v．拒绝接受 reply v．回复 state v．声明；陈述；说明 make/come to/reach a decision作出决定 估计 assessment n．评估；评定 beyond expectations超出预期 estimate v．估计 contrary to expectations和预期相反 expectation n．预料；期待 suppose v．假定；推断 value v．给……估价 写/画 cartoon n．漫画 contribute v．投稿 copy n．复制品 diagram n．图表，简图 dictate v．口述 drop sb a line给某人写信 edition n．版本 image n．图像；画像 issue v．出版；发表 outline n．概要；轮廓 paint v．用颜料画 plot v．画出；标出 portrait n．肖像 represent v．描述；描绘 script n．笔迹 set/take/write down写下，记录 version n．版本 说/建议 account for 解释，说明 address v．演讲 advertise v．宣传(自己的事) announce v．宣布 appeal v．呼吁；恳求 argument n．争吵；辩论 bargain v．讨价还价 broadcast v．广播；传播 case n．理由，论据 chat v．聊天 claim v．宣称 clarify v．阐明，澄清 complain v．抱怨 debate v．辩论 declare v．宣布 describe v．描述 disclose v．揭露；泄露 discuss v．讨论 direct v．指示 explain v．解释 expose v．揭露 inform v．告知 introduce v．介绍 mention v．提到 publish v．公布 pronounce v．发音；正式宣布 reason v．推理，推断 recognize v．承认 remind v．提醒 vow v．发誓 repeat v．重说；重复 whisper v．耳语 warn sb of sth提醒某人某事 人物动作/行为 catch sight of看见 gaze v．凝视 glance v．匆匆一看 glare v．怒目而视 glimpse v．瞥见 look sb up and down上下打量某人 look up抬头往上看 observe v．观察；注意到 regard v．把……视为 resemble v．看起来像，像 scan v．细看；审视；浏览 skim v．略读 spot v．看见，看出 stare v．盯着看，凝视 uncover v．发现 witness v．目击；见证 look down on/upon蔑视 advance v．前进 cover v．行走(一段路程) escape v．逃走 flee v．逃离 jog v．慢跑 march v．行进 pace v．踱步 slide v．滑行 slip v．悄悄疾行 step v．迈步 wander v．游荡 beat(＝defeat) v．打败 behave(＝conduct) v．表现得体；表现 believe v．相信 bite v．咬 blow v．吹；吹奏 break v．打破 burst v．猛冲 convey v．传递 destroy v．破坏 donate v．捐赠 fetch v．(去)拿来 govern v．治理 handle v．处理；负责 hit v．打击 hold v．拿着；抓住 hug v．拥抱 kick v．踢 knock v．敲 lay v．铺；放置 manage v．经营，管理 seize v．抓住；夺取 stick v．戳，刺 touch v．触摸 wave v．招手 wear v．穿，戴；蓄(发，须) whip v．鞭打 wipe v．擦；消除 cope with(成功地)对付 see sb off为某人送行 take hold of抓住 burst into tears＝burst out crying突然大哭起来 burst into laughter＝burst out laughing突然大笑起来 grin v．咧着嘴笑 laugh at嘲笑 mock v．取笑，嘲弄 sob v．抽噎 weep v．哭泣 wail v．号啕大哭 情感/态度 admire v．赞赏；赞美；钦佩 appreciate v．欣赏 amuse v．逗乐 alarm n．惊恐 v．使惊恐 ashamed adj.惭愧的，羞愧的 awful adj.极坏的；可怕的 awkward adj.令人尴尬的 blame v．责备 condemn v．谴责 criticize v．批评 devotion n．奉献；热爱 disgusting adj.令人厌恶的 embarrassed adj.尴尬的 excellent adj.极好的 false adj.错误的；假的 fantastic adj.极好的 favorite adj.最喜欢的 impressive adj.令人赞叹的 indifferent adj.漠不关心的 fright n．惊吓 horror n．恐惧 panic n．& v．惊慌 prefer v．更喜欢 scare v．受惊吓 praise v．& n．高度赞扬 suspicious/sceptical adj.怀疑的 terror n．恐惧 uninterested adj.不感兴趣的 worried adj.担心的 be crazy about迷恋，热衷于 speak highly of高度赞扬 得到/拥有 achieve v．取得 acquire v．获得 acquisition n．获得；得到 afford v．买得起 attain v．获得 contain v．含有；容纳 earn v．挣得，赚得 gain vt.获得；赢得 obtain vt.获得，得到 occupy v．占有；占据 own(＝possess) v．拥有 reserve v．贮备 share v．共有 职业/身份 accountant n．会计 agent n．代理人；代理商 applicant n．申请人 architect n．建筑师 assistant n．助手 authority n．当权者；当局 candidate n．候选人 captain n．船长；机长；队长 clerk n．职员 coach n．教练 colleague n．同事 companion n．同伴，伙伴 competitor n．竞争者 director n．董事；导演 editor n．编辑 employee n．雇员 employer n．雇主 fellow n．同事 guide n．导游 inspector n．视察员 interviewee n．接受采访者 interviewer n．采访者；面试官 judge n．法官；裁判 lawyer n．律师 model n．模特 official n．高级职员，官员 partner n．合伙人 pilot n．飞行员 poet n．诗人 principal n．首长；校长 producer n．制片人 receptionist n．接待员 secretary n．秘书 scholar n．学者 superior n．上级，上司 文化艺术 adapt v．改编；使适应 bachelor n．学士 biography n．传记 civilize v．使文明，开化 comedy n．喜剧 compose v．创作，作曲 comprehension n．理解 comprise v．由……组成 compulsory courses必修课 concrete adj.具体的 consciousness n．意识；观念 coordination n．协调 criterion n．标准 discipline n．纪律 fictional adj.虚构的 heritage n．(文化)遗产 illustrate v．阐明 literature n．文学；文献，资料 masterpiece n．杰作 modify v．调整；修饰 optional courses选修课 original adj.首创的 n．原作 pursuit n．追求；消遣 subscribe v．订阅 tragedy n．悲剧 科技创新 access v．存取(计算机数据) calculate v．计算，核算 cyberspace n．网络空间 database n．数据库 electronic adj.电子的 patent n．专利；专利证书 hardware n．硬件 illogical adj.不合逻辑的 statistic data统计数据 systematic adj.系统的 transmit v．传送，传输 approximately adv.大约 assumption n．假定，假设 breakthrough n．突破 clone v．克隆 density n．密度 elementary adj.基本的 evolution n．演变；进化 graph n．图表，曲线图 artificial intelligence(AI)人工智能 high-tech adj.高科技的 inescapable adj.不可避免的 infinite adj.无限的 inquiry n．探究；调查 intelligence n．智力，智慧 react with与……起化学反应 sensor n．传感器 specialized adj.专用的 transplant v．& n．移植 社会热点 accelerate v．(使)加速，加快 allocate vt.分配 assess v．评估；估算 bankrupt adj.破产的 boost v．提高；推动；使增长 cater for适合，满足需要 celebrity n．名人 critic n．批评家，评论家 critically adv.批判性地 depressed adj.萧条的 distinction n．差别，区别 distribute v．分发；散布 emergence n．兴起 financial squeeze财政困难 flourish v．繁荣 genuine adj.真的；真诚的 impose v．把……强加于 indicate v．指出；象征；显示 initiative n．倡议，新方案 restore v．恢复；归还 setting n．环境，背景 sponsor n．赞助者 v．赞助 squeeze v．压榨 tend v．倾向 thrive v．旺盛，繁荣 abandoned adj.废弃的 alternative energy替代能源 atmosphere n．大气 be poisonous to对……有毒 botany n．植物学 climate change气候变化 creature n．生物，动物 die out灭绝 ecological adj.生态(学)的 endangered species濒危物种 environmentally friendly环保的 extinction n．灭绝，绝种 organic adj.有机的 preserve v．保护 sustainable adj.可持续的 chemical n．化学制品 circumstance n．条件，环境 dispose of丢弃 garbage n．(生活)垃圾 garbage sorting 垃圾分类 punishment n．惩罚，处罚 recycle v．再利用 renewable adj.可再生的 severe adj.十分严重的 widespread adj.分布广的 catastrophe n．灾难 charity n．施舍；慈善机构 crisis n．危机 destructive adj.毁灭性的 drought n．干旱，旱灾 eruption n．(火山)爆发 miserable adj.痛苦的 stricken adj.遭受……的；受……之困的 victim n．受害者 volcanic adj.火山的 welfare n．福利 巩固提升 一、选词填空 从所给方框中选择适当的单词完成句子，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑(有两个多余的选项)。 A．diminished   B．gravity   C． nutritional   D．insight E. conventional   F. trait   G. compulsory   H. reproduced 1．The potential to improve the quality and value of the vegetables and animals we eat seem unlimited. 2．Frequent hand washing is and proper toilets are provided for workers in the field. 3．On the other hand, the techniques of genetic engineering are new, and quite different from breeding. 4．During the study, the amount of pesticide (杀虫剂) used by farmers because they saw less need for it. 5．This combination of biological and engineering pragmatism is vital to success in biomimetics, and has led to several promising technologies. 6．Humans have been altering the genetic of plants for thousands of years by keeping seeds from the best crops. 【答案】1．C 2．G 3．E 4．A 5．D 6．F 【解析】1．考查形容词。句意：我们所食用的蔬菜和动物的品质及营养价值提升的潜力似乎是无穷无尽的。根据“of the vegetables and animals”以及句意“营养”可知应填nutritional，修饰名词value。故选C。 2．考查形容词。句意：勤洗手是必须遵守的规定，而且在田间作业的工人那里也配备了合适的厕所设施。根据“proper toilets are provided for workers in the field”以及句意“必须的”可知应填形容词compulsory，作表语。故选G。 3．考查形容词。句意：另一方面，基因工程的技术是全新的，与传统的育种方法有着很大的不同。根据“the techniques of genetic engineering are new, and quite different from”以及句意“传统的”可知应填形容词conventional，修饰名词breeding。故选E。 4．考查动词。句意：在研究期间，农民使用的农药量减少了，因为他们觉得不再需要那么多农药了。根据“because they saw less need for it”以及句意“减少”可知应填diminish，发生在过去用一般过去时。故选A。 5．考查名词。句意：这种将生物学洞察力与工程实用主义相结合的方法对于生物仿生学的成功至关重要，并且已经催生了若干颇具前景的技术。根据“and engineering pragmatism”以及句意“洞察力”可知应填名词insight，作主语。故选D。 6．考查名词。句意：人类数千年以来一直通过保留最优质作物的种子来改变植物的基因特性。根据“Humans have been altering the genetic”以及句意“特性”可知应填名词trait，作宾语，故选F。 选词填空 bother  adjust  embarrass  slight  vital  anxious  approve  reveal  rely  interpret Body language is of 7 importance to our daily communication. Unlike words, it can help us distinguish our true feelings. For instance, when someone is   8 , they may avoid eye contact with his face reddened. A speaker who stands straight with his head up and chest out demonstrates he is more 9 , while someone who might weep or bend under pressure 10 inner pain. Similarly, a 11 gesture can suggest rejection or 12 in different cultures. Understanding body language requires us   13 signals correctly. For example, a seemingly happy person wears a fake smile, but their internal 14 might be visible through constant hand movements. 15 our body language to be appropriate in different settings matters. What is acceptable in one culture is likely 16 people in another. By learning to perceive these subtle signs, we can improve our interactions and build stronger connections. 【答案】7．vital 8．embarrassed 9．reliable 10．reveals 11．slight 12．disapproval 13．to interpret 14．anxiety 15．Adjusting 16．to bother 【导语】这是一篇说明文。肢体语言对日常沟通至关重要，能反映真实情绪、传递不同含义，且受文化影响。我们需正确解读其信号，调整自身肢体语言以适配场景，从而改善人际互动。 7．考查形容词。句意：肢体语言在我们的日常交流中至关重要。固定搭配“be of vital importance”，意为“至关重要”，故填vital。 8．考查形容词。句意：例如，当某人感到尴尬时，他们可能会避免与他人对视，因为此时他们的脸会变得通红。后文“避免眼神接触、脸红”是尴尬的典型表现，此处需用形容词作表语，embarrass的形容词形式为 embarrassed（修饰人）。故填embarrassed。 9．考查形容词。句意：一个站姿挺拔、头抬得高、胸挺得挺的演讲者会让人觉得他更加可靠，而那些在压力面前可能会哭泣或弯腰的人则会让人看出他们内心存在痛苦。前文 “站直、抬头挺胸” 体现说话者的可靠感，rely 的形容词形式为reliable，表“可信的、可靠的”，符合语境。故填reliable。 10．考查动词。句意：一个站姿挺拔、头抬得高、胸挺得挺的演讲者会让人觉得他更加可靠，而那些在压力面前可能会哭泣或弯腰的人则会让人看出他们内心存在痛苦。主语是someone（单数），陈述客观事实用一般现在时，谓语动词用第三人称单数；“弯腰、想哭”会暴露内心痛苦，reveal（暴露、展现）语义契合。故填reveals。 11．考查形容词。句意：同样，在不同的文化背景下，一个细微的动作可能会表达出拒绝或不赞同的意思。修饰名词 gesture（手势），需用形容词；slight（轻微的）符合 “细微手势在不同文化中有不同含义” 的逻辑。故填slight。 12．考查名词。句意：同样，在不同的文化背景下，一个细微的动作可能会表达出拒绝或不赞同的意思。与 rejection（拒绝）并列，需用名词形式；approve的反义词名词是disapproval（不赞同），语义一致。故填disapproval。 13．考查非谓语动词。句意：理解肢体语言需要我们正确解读这些信号。固定结构“require sb. to do sth.”（要求某人做某事），interpret（解读、诠释）贴合“正确解读信号”的语义。故填to interpret。 14．考查名词。句意：例如，一个表面上看起来很开心的人可能会强装笑容，但他们的内心焦虑可能仍能从他们不停的手部动作中显露出来。形容词 internal（内心的）后接名词，anxious 的名词形式为 anxiety（焦虑），与“假笑却频繁动手”的表现呼应。故填anxiety。 15．考查非谓语动词。句意：在不同的场合中调整我们的肢体语言以使其得体是很重要的。此处需用动名词作主语，adjust（调整）的动名词形式为adjusting，表“调整肢体语言以适应不同场景”。首字母大写。故填Adjusting。 16．考查非谓语动词。句意：在一种文化中被认为是恰当的行为，在另一种文化中可能会令人们感到不适。固定搭配“be likely to do sth.”（可能做某事），bother（使不适、困扰）符合“一种文化中可接受的行为可能困扰另一种文化的人”的语境。故填to bother。 短语填空 fight a losing battle  over time  be meant to do  live up to  cheer up take advantage of  stick to  make a difference  in the wrong  in any case through thick and thin  count on  look forward to  at a loss  shoot up 17．When facing such a complex math problem, many students were and didn’t know how to start. 18．The meeting last Friday solve the project problem, but we still didn’t reach an agreement. 19．Last year, the prices of fresh vegetables because of the bad weather affecting the harvest. 20．I know I can you to help me when I encounter troubles in my study. 21． , we must finish the group project before the deadline, no matter what difficulties we meet. 22．Small acts of kindness can really to those in need. 23．True friends will stand by your side , not just when you are successful. 24．Let’s go to the cinema this weekend to our friend who has been in low spirits lately. 25．The young athlete is training hard every day so he can his coach’s expectations and perform well in the upcoming competition next week. 26．When preparing for the final exam last semester, Lily the resources available in the school library to improve her study. 27．You can’t blame others for this mistake — actually, you are for not following the rules. 28． , people have gradually realized the importance of protecting the environment and taken more active actions. 29．Trying to change his bad habits in just one day is like — it’s almost impossible. 30．All the students are the coming winter holiday that will allow them to relax fully. 31．Even when the project got difficult, he his original plan and finally finished it. 【答案】 17．at a loss 18．was meant to 19．shot up 20．count on 21．In any case 22．make a difference 23．through thick and thin 24．cheer up 25．live up to 26．took advantage of 27．in the wrong 28．Over time 29．fighting a losing battle 30．looking forward to 31．stuck to 【解析】17．考查固定短语。句意：当遇到这样一道复杂的数学题时，许多学生都感到不知所措，不知道该如何着手解答。根据“didn’t know how to start”以及句意“不知所措”可知应填at a loss，故填at a loss。 18．考查固定短语。句意：上周五的会议本是为了解决这个项目的问题，但我们最终仍未达成一致意见。根据“solve the project problem”以及句意“意在做某事”可知应填be meant to，根据后文didn’t可知为一般过去时，主语为meeting，be动词用was。故填was meant to。 19．考查固定短语。句意：去年，由于恶劣天气影响了农作物的收成，新鲜蔬菜的价格大幅上涨。根据“because of the bad weather affecting the harvest”以及句意“大幅上涨”可知应填shoot up，根据时间状语Last year可知为一般过去时。故填shot up。 20．考查固定短语。句意：我知道在我学习遇到困难时，我可以依靠你来帮助我。根据“you to help me when I encounter troubles in my study”以及句意“依靠”可知应填count on，且can后跟动词原形。故填count on。 21．考查固定短语。句意：无论如何，我们都要在截止日期前完成小组项目，不管会遇到什么困难。根据“no matter what difficulties we meet”以及句意“无论如何”可知应填in any case，句首单词首字母大写。故填In any case。 22．考查固定短语。句意：小小的善举确实能够对那些需要帮助的人产生重大影响。根据“Small acts of kindness”以及句意“产生重大影响”可知应填make a difference，且情态动词can后跟动词原形。故填make a difference。 23．考查固定短语。句意：真正的朋友会与你同甘共苦、始终相伴，而不只是在你功成名就时才出现。根据“True friends will stand by your side”以及句意“同甘共苦”可知应填through thick and thin，故填through thick and thin。 24．考查固定短语。句意：这个周末咱们去电影院吧，去给最近情绪低落的朋友加油鼓劲儿。根据“friend who has been in low spirits lately”以及句意“加油鼓劲儿”可知应填cheer up，不定式作目的状语，故填cheer up。 25．考查固定短语。句意：这位年轻的运动员每天都在刻苦训练，以便能够达到教练的期望，并在下周即将举行的比赛中表现出色。根据“his coach’s expectations”以及句意“达到期望”可知应填live up to，情态动词can后跟动词原形。故填live up to。 26．考查固定短语。句意：上学期准备期末考试时，莉莉充分利用了学校图书馆提供的资源来加强自己的学习。根据“the resources available in the school library to improve her study”以及句意“充分利用”可知应填take advantage of，根据last semester可知为一般过去时。故填took advantage of。 27．考查固定短语。句意：你不能把这次的错误归咎于他人——实际上，是你自己不对，没有遵守规则。根据“for not following the rules”以及句意“有错、不对”可知应填in the wrong，故填in the wrong。 28．考查固定短语。句意：随着时间的推移，人们逐渐意识到保护环境的重要性，并采取了更为积极的行动。根据“people have gradually realized the importance of protecting the environment”以及句意“随着时间的推移”可知应填over time，首字母大写。故填Over time。 29．考查固定短语。句意：试图在一天之内改掉自己的不良习惯，就好比在与一场注定失败的战斗中挣扎——这几乎是不可能做到的。根据“it’s almost impossible”以及句意“注定失败的战斗”可知应填fight a losing battle，作介词的宾语，用动名词形式。故填fighting a losing battle。 30．考查固定短语。句意：所有的学生都期待着即将到来的寒假，因为这将让他们能够尽情放松。根据“the coming winter holiday”以及句意“期待”可知应填look forward to，根据上文are可知为现在进行时。故填looking forward to。 31．考查固定短语。句意：即便在项目变得困难的情况下，他依然坚持自己的原计划，并最终完成了它。根据“his original plan and finally finished it”以及句意“坚持”可知应填stick to，根据上文got可知为一般过去时。故填stuck to。 用方框中的词或词组的正确形式完成下列句子，每个词或词组只能用一次。 benefit    society    relieve   strength    frequency    pay off    deal with     try out for    be fed up with 32．News of their safety came as a great . 33．I believe that life in the countryside is more for children. 34．The exercises are designed to your stomach muscles. 35．All my hard work in the end, and I finally passed the exam. 36．There are contacts between the peoples of the two countries. 37．These workers being at the bottom of the pile when it comes to pay. 38．Paul had a strong desire to play for the team, so he making the team many times. 39．These stories about struggles also told students how the scientists these obstacles. 40．Jane was invited to a big gathering, but because of her quiet nature, she politely refused. 【答案】32．relief 33．beneficial 34．strengthen 35．paid off 36．frequent 37．are fed up with 38．tried out for 39．dealt with 40．social 【解析】32．考查名词。句意：他们安全的消息传来，让人如释重负。空格前有冠词“a”和形容词“great”，需填名词形式，“relieve”的名词形式是“relief”，表示“解脱、安慰”符合语境。故填relief。 33．考查形容词。句意：我认为乡村生活对孩子们更有益。空格前有系动词“is”和比较级“more”，需填形容词。“benefit”的形容词形式是“beneficial”，表示“有益的”。符合语境。故填beneficial。 34．考查动词。句意：这些练习旨在增强你的腹部肌肉。空格前有不定式符号“to”，需填动词原形，构成不定式作宾语补足语。be designed to do sth.“旨在做某事”，“strength”的动词形式是“strengthen”，表示“加强”。符合语境故填strengthen。 35．考查动词短语。句意：我所有的努力最终得到了回报，我终于通过了考试。需填动词短语，表示“得到回报” 作谓语，“pay off”符合语境，且根据“in the end”判断用过去时。故填paid off。 36．考查形容词。句意：两国人民之间有频繁的接触。修饰名词“contacts”，需填形容词。“frequency”的形容词形式是“frequent”，表示“频繁的”。符合语境。故填frequent。 37．考查动词短语。句意：这些工人受够了在薪酬方面处于底层。需填动词短语作谓语，表示“受够了”，“be fed up with”符合语境，由下文的comes可知，句子用一般现在时，主语“workers”为复数，用“are”。故填are fed up with。 38．考查动词短语 。句意：保罗强烈渴望为球队效力，因此他多次尝试加入球队。需填动词短语，表示“尝试加入”作谓语，“try out for”符合语境，且根据“had”判断用过去时。故填tried out for。 39．考查动词短语 。句意：这些关于奋斗的故事也告诉学生们科学家们是如何应对这些障碍的。需填动词短语，表示“处理、应对”作how引导的宾语从句的谓语。“deal with”符合语境，且根据“told”判断用一般过去时。故填dealt with。 40．考查形容词。句意：简被邀请参加一个大型社交聚会，但由于她性格安静，她礼貌地拒绝了。修饰名词“gathering”，需填形容词。“society”的形容词形式是“social”，表示“社交的”。符合语境。故填social。 冲刺突破 Passage 1 So Lite Glide Traditional walkers simply aren’t designed well. If you’ve ever watched someone shuffling (拖着脚走) along, bent over an old-fashioned standard walker, the advantages of a So Lite Glide quickly become obvious. The Glide helps you walk the way you’ve always walked: Upright rather than bent over, facing ahead rather than looking down. This is a safer walk, one that allows better visibility, encourages personal pride and seriously reduces backache. With the Glide upright walker, you’ll feel better about yourself. Features: So many of its features focus on safety, including always-accessible and lockable handbrakes, reflectors (后视镜) and the already-noted increased visibility. The comfortable armrests, and the greater width that allows the user to actually step in and participate more fully in the walk, are easily adjusted to user size and preference. There’s 10 inches of height adjustment from 34.75” to 44.75”, allowing for a larger range of adjustment than many other upright walkers can offer. Ease of use is another essential, of course. That’s why there’s an easy and convenient one-button height control adjustment to attain the height you need-nothing to remove. The sit-to-stand handles make standing up easier after you’ve been seated and resting. There’s a one-touch leg that folds for easy transport and storage. ·Only 19 pounds! ·Comes fully equipped ·Comes in two colors ·Large, comfortable backrest ·Removable carry bag Have questions or need personal assistance? Call us today at 888-660-0946 and speak with a USA-based So Lite Glide expert. 1．What makes the So Lite Glide stand out from traditional walkers? A．It is cheaper. B．It weighs 19 pounds. C．It offers more color options. D．It helps the user walk naturally. 2．Which of the following is a feature of the So Lite Glide? A．It is 34.75 inches wide. B．It folds up easily. C．It moves automatically. D．It is self-adjustable. 3．Who is the So Lite Glide probably designed for? A．The physically inconvenienced. B．The blind and deaf. C．Healthcare workers. D．Mountain climbers. 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．A 【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了So Lite Glide这款直立行走辅助器的优势、特点、使用方法以及客户服务信息，旨在向读者展示该产品的优点并促进销售。 1．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“The Glide helps you walk the way you’ve always walked: Upright rather than bent over, facing ahead rather than looking down.(Glide能让你像以前一样走路：直立而不是弯腰，面朝前方而不是低头。)”可知，So Lite Glide与传统的步行器不同，它帮助用户保持直立行走，而不是弯腰驼背，同时也让用户面向前方而不是低头看路。这种自然的行走方式使得So Lite Glide在众多传统步行器中脱颖而出。故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据文章最后一段中的“That’s why there’s an easy and convenient one-button height control adjustment to attain the height you need-nothing to remove.(这就是为什么有一个简单方便的一键高度控制调整，以达到你需要的高度——没有什么要删除。)”可知，So Lite Glide具有一键折叠的功能，方便运输和存储。故选B。 3．推理判断题。根据文章内容可知，文章开头就提到传统步行器设计得不好，并描述了使用传统步行器时人们弯腰驼背、视线受限的情况。接着，文章介绍了So Lite Glide直立行走辅助器的优点，如帮助用户保持直立行走、提高可见性、减少背痛等。这些优点都表明So Lite Glide是为了改善身体不便人群的行走体验而设计的。因此，最有可能的用户群体是身体不便的人。故选A。 Passage 2 Originally, I wasn’t meant to be a police officer. In 1990, I was finishing my hairdressing and beauty course at college, and I was also participating in the Duke of Edinburgh’s Award Scheme (计划). I completed part of my award at Filton Police station, where a police officer gave us a talk and mentioned dog handlers. I was highly interested in the role and applied to join the police almost immediately — a completely different career path than I had expected. After joining Avon and Somerset Police in June 1990, I was posted to “The Bridewell”, or Central as it was called back then, and I completed my two years’ probation (试用期) there. From the moment I started, I aimed to become a dog handler. I made sure that when I could eventually apply, that I would fit the criteria, ensuring that I completed response training and had experience in Neighbourhood Policing as well. When the time was right, I approached the Inspector to ask about applying, who very nicely told me that I couldn’t apply to be a dog handler because I was a woman. I didn’t realize this would be a hindrance, so naturally I inquired why. I was met with a now very outdated attitude of women not being suitable for dog handling. There weren’t any female dog handlers in Avon and Somerset at the time. That fact didn’t stop me from applying for the role, and neither did the demanding application process. With a great support system, I joined a club and took up running alongside specific preparations for the role. I passed the assessment and landed my dream job — a tough process and one of the hardest physical challenges of my life. I won the National Dog Action of the Year award in 1999. This was a great achievement. It’s a whole new world in dog handling now. It’s more open and honest to those who want to join, and I’m so grateful and pleased that I can be at this point in my career. 4．What made the author decide to become a police dog handler? A．A police officer’s talk. B．Her college course. C．Her probation experience. D．The award she won. 5．What does the underlined word “hindrance” in paragraph 3 probably mean? A．Surprise. B．Barrier. C．Chance. D．Choice. 6．How does the author feel about the current state of dog handling? A．Confused. B．Concerned. C．Satisfied. D．Disappointed. 7．What is the main idea of the text? A．The challenges of training police dogs. B．Becoming a police officer with great difficulties. C．The development of police-dog operations in the force. D．Overcoming gender prejudice to achieve a dream career. 【答案】4．A 5．B 6．C 7．D 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。作者原本并非想要成为警察，却因一次机缘对警犬训练员一职产生兴趣并申请加入警队，虽遭遇性别歧视和重重挑战，但最终坚持梦想、通过考核并获奖，见证了警犬工作领域的开放与进步。 4．细节理解题。根据第一段“I completed part of my award at Filton Police station, where a police officer gave us a talk and mentioned dog handlers. I was highly interested in the role and applied to join the police almost immediately—a completely different career path than I had expected.(我在菲尔顿警察局完成了部分奖项任务，一位警官给我们做了演讲并提到了警犬训练员。我对这个职位非常感兴趣，几乎立刻就申请加入了警察队伍，走上了一条完全出乎意料的职业道路。)”可知，是警官的演讲让作者决定成为警犬训练员。故选A项。 5．词句猜测题。根据第三段“When the time was right, I approached the Inspector to ask about applying, who very nicely told me that I couldn’t apply to be a dog handler because I was a woman. I didn’t realize this would be a hindrance.(时机成熟时，我向巡官咨询申请事宜，他友善地告诉我，因为我是女性，所以不能申请警犬训练员职位。我没想到这会成为hindrance。)”可知，因为作者是女性所以不能申请警犬训练员职位，hindrance这里应指阻止作者申请的“障碍”。故选B项。 6．推理判断题。根据最后一段“It’s a whole new world in dog handling now. It’s more open and honest to those who want to join, and I’m so grateful and pleased that I can be at this point in my career. (现在的警犬训练工作已经是一个全新的领域了。它对那些想要加入的人更加开放和坦诚，我非常感激也很高兴能在职业生涯中达到现在的高度。)”可知，作者对当前警犬训练工作的现状感到满意。故选C项。 7．主旨大意题。通读全文特别是第一段“I completed part of my award at Filton Police station, where a police officer gave us a talk and mentioned dog handlers. I was highly interested in the role and applied to join the police almost immediately—a completely different career path than I had expected.(我在菲尔顿警察局完成了部分奖项任务，一位警官给我们做了演讲并提到了警犬训练员。我对这个职位非常感兴趣，几乎立刻就申请加入了警察队伍，走上了一条完全出乎意料的职业道路。)”可知，文章讲述作者原本学美发，因警官演讲立志成为警犬训练员，却因女性身份遭拒，最终克服性别偏见，通过努力实现梦想并获殊荣的经历。核心是“克服性别偏见达成理想职业”。故选D项。 Passage 3 Looking at his pile of unpaid bills always makes Giuseppe Del Giudice feel uneasy. Sometimes he got late fees because of his habit of putting things off, but in many ways the emotional loss is worse. “The longer the bills go unpaid,” says Del Giudice, “the more anxious I get.” Everyone procrastinates (拖延). “It’s common,” says procrastination researcher Tim Pychyl, a psychology professor at Carleton University, Canada. “One of the ways we cope is to run away, and that’s what procrastination comes down to.” You can procrastinate on nearly anything, even pleasant tasks such as planning a vacation. Research has shown that the top tasks people delay are cleaning, advancing their careers, taking care of their health and planning their finances. One big factor for them is fear of being judged by others and themselves. Kelli Saginak procrastinated about looking for a new job for years. “It’s totally fear of failure and of not living up to expectations,” says Saginak. “If I don’t take the risk, I don’t have to face the judgment. Yet it’s simply me judging myself.” Some people embrace procrastination, believing that they perform well under pressure. Researchers have uncovered the truth. Most of them did worse than non-procrastinators, but they thought they did better. Whatever the motivation, procrastination is usually not going to be good for you. Procrastinators experience higher levels of stress, both from leaving things to the last minute and from their own negative and self-critical feelings about their procrastination. Some of the research has also shown that this stress increases the risks of many diseases. “We used to believe behaviours follow attitude, but if you take immediate action, you’ll make progress, thus motivating yourself.” Pychyl says. So next time you procrastinate on starting an exercise routine, just put on your walking shoes at once. 8．Why does the author mention Del Giudice in Paragraph 1? A．To introduce the topic. B．To spark the interest. C．To explain the reason. D．To take the example. 9．What do researchers identify as the main reason for most procrastination? A．Too many urgent tasks to handle at once. B．A lack of proper time-management skills. C．Fear of self-assessment and external evaluation. D．The enjoyment of working under tight deadlines. 10．How can you deal with procrastination according to the text? A．By finding what drives you. B．By taking a positive attitude. C．By getting started right now. D．By making a routine schedule. 11．What does the passage mainly talk about? A．The solutions to procrastination. B．An introduction to procrastination. C．The dangers of procrastination. D．The main causes of procrastination. 【答案】8．A 9．C 10．C 11．B 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了拖延这一现象，分析了导致拖延的原因和产生的后果，并强调要立即采取行动。 8．推理判断题。根据第一段“Looking at his pile of unpaid bills always makes Giuseppe Del Giudice feel uneasy. Sometimes he got late fees because of his habit of putting things off, but in many ways the emotional loss is worse. “The longer the bills go unpaid,” says Del Giudice, “the more anxious I get.”(看着他那堆未付的账单，Giuseppe Del Giudice总是感到不安。有时他会因为拖延的习惯而收取滞纳金，但在很多方面，情感损失更严重。Del Giudice说：“账单拖欠的时间越长，我就越焦虑。”)”和第二段首句“Everyone procrastinates (拖延).(每个人都会拖延)”可知，第一段描写Del Giudice拖延支付账单，第二段点明主题，即每个人都会拖延。由此推知，文章第一段提到Del Giudice的事例就是为了引出主题——拖延。故选A。 9．细节理解题。根据第四段中的“One big factor for them is fear of being judged by others and themselves.(对他们来说，一个重要因素是害怕被他人和自己评判)”可知，人们拖延的一个重要因素就是害怕自己和外部对自我的评判。故选C。 10．细节理解题。根据最后一段中的““We used to believe behaviours follow attitude, but if you take immediate action, you’ll make progress, thus motivating yourself.” Pychyl says. So next time you procrastinate on starting an exercise routine, just put on your walking shoes at once.(Pychyl说：“我们过去认为行为取决于态度，但如果你立即采取行动，你会取得进步，从而激励自己。”所以下次你拖延开始日常锻炼时，马上穿上你的步行鞋)”可知，作者对克服拖延的建议就是你立即采取行动来激励你克服拖延。故选C。 11．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章在第二段引出“拖延”这一话题，在最后两段分析了导致拖延的原因、拖延带来的不良影响和最后提供了克服拖延的方法。由此可知，本文主要介绍了拖延这一主题。故选B。 Passage 4 Pride is often considered a negative force in human existence — the opposite of humility and a source of social conflicts. But is it? According to psychologist Jessica Tracy, pride can have many boons. She argues that pride, like other human emotions, is part of our evolutionary heritage, helping us to survive and thrive in cooperative societies by inspiring us to be the best human we can be. Pride makes us feel good, and it’s an indication to ourselves that we are behaving in a way consistent with the values of our society. Tracy argues that those who regularly experience pride tend to be “outgoing, friendly, agreeable, calm and honest”, and “are generally communally oriented, meaning they place a high value on their relationships and friendships”. In this way, having pride makes people want to gain approval and respect from their communities. But that doesn’t mean that pride is all for the good. It has a dark side, too, when it leads to hubris. Hubris is pride that has been falsely assumed without merit in order to drive away an inner sense of insecurity. If individuals exaggerate their importance, take credit for others’ achievements, bully others, or act aggressively toward anyone who questions them, it’s a sign that pride has turned to hubris. Moreover, people having hubris are more likely to be prejudiced and less likely to show empathy. Can authentic pride lead to hubris? It depends, says Tracy. If you feel authentic pride and it inspires you to do good by your community’s standards, great. But if you start feeling the need to live up to others’ expectations and earn their admiration by cheating, chalices are you are leaning toward hubris. To avoid pride slipping toward hubris, Tracy warns people not to lose their heads over the positive regard they receive for their accomplishments. “When we start to receive the gains — be they increased status, fame, or fortune — it becomes exceedingly easy to forget that these outcomes are indirect consequences of striving to be a good person,” says Tracy. “We should always remind ourselves that these accomplishments are not our primary goals.” 12．What does the underlined word “boons” in paragraph 1 mean? A．benefits. B．limitations. C．forms. D．controversies. 13．Why can pride help people develop good moral characters? A．Pride can encourage people to work harder. B．Pride can make people value social recognition. C．Pride can give people a sense of responsibility. D．Pride can help people better control their emotions. 14．What does the author intend to do in paragraph 3? A．To offer a solution to hubris. B．To describe specific behavior of hubris. C．To explain the motivation behind hubris. D．To stress the terrible consequences of hubris. 15．Which of the following can make authentic pride turn into hubris? A．Trying to win other people’s admiration. B．Lowering expectations for achievements. C．Failing to receive the well-deserved rewards. D．Regarding external rewards as the ultimate pursuit. 【答案】12．A 13．B 14．B 15．D 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论了自豪感的积极和消极影响，心理学家Jessica Tracy认为自豪感有其益处，但过度则会导致傲慢，并给出了避免自豪感滑向傲慢的建议。 12．词句猜测题。根据第一段中“According to psychologist Jessica Tracy, pride can have many boons. She argues that pride, like other human emotions, is part of our evolutionary heritage, helping us to survive and thrive in cooperative societies by inspiring us to be the best human we can be. (心理学家Jessica Tracy认为，自豪感能带来许多boons。她认为，自豪感和其他人类情感一样，是我们进化遗产的一部分，它激励我们成为最好的人，从而帮助我们在合作社会中生存和发展。)”可知，自豪感激励我们成为最好的人，有助于我们在社会中生存和发展，由此可推知，自豪感能带来许多益处，故划线词boons意思为“益处”，与benefits同义。故选A项。 13．推理判断题。根据第二段“Pride makes us feel good, and it’s an indication to ourselves that we are behaving in a way consistent with the values of our society. Tracy argues that those who regularly experience pride tend to be “outgoing, friendly, agreeable, calm and honest”, and “are generally communally oriented, meaning they place a high value on their relationships and friendships”. In this way, having pride makes people want to gain approval and respect from their communities. (自豪感让我们感觉良好，这是我们行为符合社会价值观的一种表现。Tracy认为，那些经常感到自豪的人往往“外向、友好、和蔼、冷静和诚实”，并且“通常以社区为导向，这意味着他们非常重视自己的关系和友谊”。这样，拥有自豪感会让人们想要获得社区的认可和尊重。)”可知，自豪感能让我们行为符合社会价值观，让我们重视关系和友谊，从而想要获得认可和尊重，即自豪感能让我们重视社会认可，从而有助于我们培养良好的道德品质。故选B项。 14．推理判断题。根据第三段中“Hubris is pride that has been falsely assumed without merit in order to drive away an inner sense of insecurity. If individuals exaggerate their importance, take credit for others’ achievements, bully others, or act aggressively toward anyone who questions them, it’s a sign that pride has turned to hubris. (傲慢是一种没有根据而被错误地假设的自豪感，目的是为了驱除内心的不安全感。如果个人夸大自己的重要性，把别人的成就归功于自己，欺负别人，或者对任何质疑他们的人采取攻击行为，这都是自豪感变成傲慢的迹象。)”可知，第三段主要描述了傲慢的具体行为表现，如夸大自己的重要性、把别人的成就归功于自己、欺负别人、对质疑者采取攻击行为等。故选B项。 15．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“But if you start feeling the need to live up to others’ expectations and earn their admiration by cheating, chalices are you are leaning toward hubris. (但如果你开始觉得有必要达到别人的期望，并通过欺骗来赢得他们的赞赏，那么你很可能正在走向傲慢)”和最后一段“To avoid pride slipping toward hubris, Tracy warns people not to lose their heads over the positive regard they receive for their accomplishments. “When we start to receive the gains — be they increased status, fame, or fortune — it becomes exceedingly easy to forget that these outcomes are indirect consequences of striving to be a good person,” says Tracy. “We should always remind ourselves that these accomplishments are not our primary goals.” (为了避免自豪感滑向傲慢，Tracy警告人们不要因为对成就的积极评价而冲昏头脑。Tracy说：“当我们开始获得收益时——无论是地位的提高、名声还是财富——我们很容易忘记这些结果是努力成为一个好人的间接后果。我们应该时刻提醒自己，这些成就不是我们的主要目标”)”可知，把外部奖励当作最终追求，即为了获得别人的赞赏和外部奖励而努力，可能会导致自豪感变成傲慢。故选D项。 Passage 5 Ten years ago I found it difficult to read books. When I got to a passage that required more intense focus, I put the book aside and reached for my phone which seemed to be always ringing. Since literature has always been important in my life, I was disappointed and surprised. As a psychiatrist (精神病学家) with an interest in what shapes our behaviors, I wondered why. I thought of the Nobel Prize-winning researcher Nikolaas Tinbergen’s experiment with herring gulls (银鸥). Herring gulls have a red spot on their beak. When the chicks are hungry, they peck (啄) at the parent’s spot and are fed. In the 1940s, Tinbergen painted a red spot on a pencil, a spot larger than the one on the beak. When he put the pencil in the nest, something strange happened: The chicks stopped pecking at their parents and pecked at the pencil. Even though the parents were in the nest and the pen didn’t give them any food, the hungry birds chose the pencil again and again. Tinbergen called the large red spot on the pencil a “superstimulus”, which is so strong that it beats what nature has developed. I came to realize why my interest in books fell flat. Hand in hand with time spent on screens, our ability to focus has worsened. With evolving artificial intelligence, companies, like Facebook and TikTok, for whom our time is their money have managed to grab our attention. They have been given the opportunity to create content so tailored to each of us that it feels as if it is coming from someone who knows our innermost being and there is nothing as rewarding in the real world-which thus becomes even more difficult to ignore. Any way out? Instead of jumping in the discussion whether we are for or against technology, just be aware that every time we log in, an artificial intelligence worth billions of dollars is trying to figure out: How can I get him or her not to log out? But long story short, with the distraction device in another room, I am able to read as usual. 16．What was the author’s problem? A．He was experiencing vision loss. B．His mobile phone failed to work. C．He was tired of reading literature. D．His lifelong hobby was outcompeted. 17．The author mentions Nikolaas Tinbergen’s experiment to ______. A．explain a mystery of herring gulls B．figure out a solution to his problem C．present differences between species D．throw light on the cause of his confusion 18．With what do Facebook and TikTok seize our attention? A．Up-to-date content. B．Handsome rewards. C．Immediate comfort. D．Personalized newsfeed. 19．What is the author’s proposed solution in the last paragraph? A．Launching an open discussion. B．Quitting using electric devices. C．Keeping the screens out of reach. D．Developing decision-making abilities. 【答案】16．D 17．D 18．D 19．C 【导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章主要讲述了作者发现自己难以专注阅读书籍，通过银鸥实验意识到是屏幕时间影响了专注力，进而探讨了科技公司如何吸引注意力以及作者提出的应对方法。 16．细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Ten years ago I found it difficult to read books. When I got to a passage that required more intense focus, I put the book aside and reached for my phone which seemed to be always ringing. Since literature has always been important in my life, I was disappointed and surprised.(十年前，我发现很难读书。当我读到一段需要更集中注意力的内容时，我就把书放在一边，伸手去拿似乎总是在响的手机。由于文学在我的生活中一直很重要，我既失望又惊讶。)”可知，作者一直热爱文学，但如今却难以专注阅读，被手机吸引，即他一生的爱好被竞争掉了。故选D项。 17．推理判断题。根据第二段中的“In the 1940s, Tinbergen painted a red spot on a pencil, a spot larger than the one on the beak. When he put the pencil in the nest, something strange happened: The chicks stopped pecking at their parents and pecked at the pencil. Even though the parents were in the nest and the pen didn’t give them any food, the hungry birds chose the pencil again and again. Tinbergen called the large red spot on the pencil a “superstimulus”, which is so strong that it beats what nature has developed.(20世纪40年代，Tinbergen在一支铅笔上画了一个红点，这个红点比喙上的红点还要大。当他把铅笔放进鸟巢时，奇怪的事情发生了：雏鸟不再啄它们的父母，而是啄铅笔。尽管父母就在巢里，而且铅笔并没有给它们任何食物，但饥饿的鸟儿还是一次又一次地选择了铅笔。Tinbergen称铅笔上的大红点为“超刺激”，这种刺激非常强烈，以至于它战胜了自然发展出来的东西。)”以及第三段中的“I came to realize why my interest in books fell flat. Hand in hand with time spent on screens, our ability to focus has worsened.(我逐渐明白了为什么我对书籍的兴趣会下降。随着屏幕时间的增加，我们的专注力下降了。)”可推知，作者提到Nikolaas Tinbergen的实验是为了解释自己难以专注阅读的原因，即揭示自己困惑的原因。故选D项。 18．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“With evolving artificial intelligence, companies, like Facebook and TikTok, for whom our time is their money have managed to grab our attention. They have been given the opportunity to create content so tailored to each of us that it feels as if it is coming from someone who knows our innermost being and there is nothing as rewarding in the real world-which thus becomes even more difficult to ignore.(随着人工智能的发展，像Facebook和TikTok这样的公司，我们的时间就是他们的金钱，他们成功地吸引了我们的注意力。他们有机会创造出如此适合我们每个人的内容，以至于感觉就像来自一个了解我们内心深处的人，而且在现实世界中没有什么比这更有回报了——因此更难被忽视。)”可知，Facebook和TikTok通过个性化的新闻推送来吸引我们的注意力。故选D项。 19．细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“But long story short, with the distraction device in another room, I am able to read as usual.(但长话短说，把分心的设备放在另一个房间，我就能像往常一样阅读了。)”可知，作者提出的解决方案是把屏幕放在够不到的地方。故选C项。 Passage 6 The global celebration of “Zootopia 2” at Shanghai Disneyland has become a hot topic across social media. Fans from different cities rushed to Shanghai to participate in the event, and related topics have received millions of views online. The success of this celebration is closely related to the influence of the “Zootopia” IP. The first “Zootopia” movie won the love of audiences around the world with its wonderful plot and positive values. The sequel “Zootopia 2” has been highly anticipated since it was announced, and the global celebration has further boosted fans’ enthusiasm. In addition to the charm of the IP itself, the careful arrangement of the event also contributed to its success. The float parade allowed fans to interact with their favorite characters up close. The plot-based transformation of the park made the visit more interesting. Many parents brought their children to the event, and the whole family enjoyed a happy time together. Industry insiders said that this event is a successful example of the integration of animated IP and theme park operations. It provides valuable experience for the development of the entertainment industry. 20．Why did the “Zootopia 2” global celebration become a hot topic? A．Because the park gave away free gifts. B．Because of the influence of the “Zootopia” IP and careful event arrangement. C．Because it was held on a holiday. D．Because many celebrities attended it. 21．What made the first “Zootopia” movie popular? A．Its wonderful plot and positive values. B．Its low ticket price. C．Its short duration. D．Its famous directors. 22．Who participated in the celebration? A．Only young fans. B．Only old fans. C．Fans of all ages, including families. D．Only movie actors. 23．What does the event mean for the entertainment industry? A．It is a successful example of IP and theme park integration. B．It shows that animated movies are not popular anymore. C．It makes theme parks less attractive. D．It has no impact on the industry. 【答案】20．B 21．A 22．C 23．A 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述了上海迪士尼乐园《疯狂动物城2》全球庆典成为热门话题，分析其成功原因及对娱乐业的意义。 20．细节理解题。根据第二段中“The success of this celebration is closely related to the influence of the “Zootopia” IP.(这次庆典的成功与《疯狂动物城》IP的影响力密切相关。)”以及第三段中“In addition to the charm of the IP itself, the careful arrangement of the event also contributed to its success.(除了IP本身的魅力，活动的精心安排也促成了它的成功。)”可知，庆典成为热门话题是因为《疯狂动物城》IP的影响力和活动的精心安排。故选B。 21．细节理解题。根据第二段中“The first “Zootopia” movie won the love of audiences around the world with its wonderful plot and positive values.(第一部《疯狂动物城》电影以其精彩的剧情和积极的价值观赢得了全世界观众的喜爱。)”可知，第一部《疯狂动物城》电影因其精彩的剧情和积极的价值观而受欢迎。故选A。 22．细节理解题。根据第三段中“Many parents brought their children to the event, and the whole family enjoyed a happy time together.(许多父母带着孩子参加了这次活动，全家人一起度过了一段快乐的时光。)”可知，各个年龄段的粉丝，包括家庭都参加了这次庆典。故选C。 23．细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Industry insiders said that this event is a successful example of the integration of animated IP and theme park operations.(业内人士表示，此次活动是动画IP与主题公园运营融合的成功范例。)”可知，这次活动对娱乐业来说是一个动画IP与主题公园运营融合的成功范例。故选A。 Passage 7 Every day, we speak to and spend time with the people who mean the most to us. However, think about how many people you interact with in a typical week are the ones you wouldn’t consider as close connections. 24 . In sociology, these are known as our “weak ties”, referred to as such to differentiate them from our strong ties, like close friends and family members. 25 . For example, if you spoke about your job hunt to a group of close friends, they might only be aware of the same job opportunities as you because you move in the same circles. However, mentioning it to an acquaintance, like a regular waiter, connects you to people outside your own social circle, which can provide unexpected job opportunities. “Weak ties can serve special functions not served by close ties, including providing access to unique information and resources,” says Susan Sprecher, distinguished professor at Illinois State University. “Additionally, many people interact with more weak ties throughout a day than they do with close ties. 26 .” Indeed, weak ties can give us a real mental health boost. A recent study done by Sprecher indicated people with wider connections of weak ties tend to be happier. 27 . They reported feeling more happiness and greater feelings of belonging on days when they interacted with more classmates than usual. Given they have such a strong impact on our lives, why not create weak ties? 28 . Often, this will mean going outside and speaking to people, whether it’s those you pass in the street, who serve you in shops, or with whom you share a class. A．The research involved students B．You find yourself in a better mood C．We just need to engage with other people D．Weak ties can have a smaller effect than you might think E．This diverse social network is related with good health and well-being F．For example, you chat with the guys who regularly serve you at the store G．Strong ties tend to form closed social groups with limited new information 【答案】24．F 25．G 26．E 27．A 28．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了社会学中的“弱连接”概念（指非亲密朋友或家人的人际关系），阐述了其在提供独特信息资源、促进心理健康等方面的作用，并给出建立弱连接的建议。 24．根据上文“However, think about how many people you interact with in a typical week are the ones you wouldn’t consider as close connections.(然而，想一想在一个典型的星期里，你与之互动的人中有多少是你认为不亲密的人)”可知，上文提到了你认为不亲密的人，可推理出空白处在举例说明那些不亲密的人，与F项“For example, you chat with the guys who regularly serve you at the store(例如，你和经常在商店为你服务的人聊天)”表达的含义一致，故选F项。 25．根据下文“For example, if you spoke about your job hunt to a group of close friends, they might only be aware of the same job opportunities as you because you move in the same circles. However, mentioning it to an acquaintance, like a regular waiter, connects you to people outside your own social circle, which can provide unexpected job opportunities.(例如，如果你和一群亲密的朋友谈论你的求职，他们可能只知道和你一样的求职机会，因为你们在同一个圈子里。然而，如果你对一个熟人，比如一个经常为你服务的服务员提起这件事，就会把你和你社交圈之外的人联系起来，这可能会提供意想不到的工作机会)”可知，此处是在对比亲密关系和弱连接在信息获取上的不同，与G项“Strong ties tend to form closed social groups with limited new information(牢固的关系往往形成封闭的社会群体，导致新信息有限)”表达的含义一致，通过对比说明弱连接的优势，故选G项。 26．根据上文““Weak ties can serve special functions not served by close ties, including providing access to unique information and resources,” says Susan Sprecher, distinguished professor at Illinois State University. “Additionally, many people interact with more weak ties throughout a day than they do with close ties (伊利诺伊州立大学的杰出教授苏珊·斯普雷彻说：“弱连接可以发挥亲密关系无法发挥的特殊功能，包括提供独特的信息和资源。”“此外，许多人一天中与弱连接的互动比与亲密关系的互动更多”)”可知，此处是在说明弱连接的好处，与E项“This diverse social network is related with good health and well-being(这种多样化的社交网络与良好的健康和幸福有关)”表达的含义一致，进一步阐述弱连接带来的积极影响，故选E项。 27．根据下文“They reported feeling more happiness and greater feelings of belonging on days when they interacted with more classmates than usual.(他们报告说，在与比平时更多的同学互动的日子里，他们感到更快乐，更有归属感)”可知，此处是在说明研究的对象，与A项“The research involved students(这项研究涉及学生)”表达的含义一致，引出下文对研究结果的描述，故选A项。 28．根据上文“Given they have such a strong impact on our lives, why not create weak ties?(鉴于它们对我们的生活有如此大的影响，为什么不建立弱连接呢？)”以及下文“Often, this will mean going outside and speaking to people, whether it’s those you pass in the street, who serve you in shops, or with whom you share a class.(通常，这意味着走出去和别人交谈，无论是你在街上遇到的人，在商店里为你服务的人，还是和你一起上课的人)”可知，此处是在说明建立弱连接的方法，与C项“We just need to engage with other people(我们仅仅需要和其他人交往即可)”表达的含义一致，承接上文的问题，引出下文具体的做法，故选C项。 Passage 8 It has long been known that sleep also plays a significant role in physical and emotional health. Now, researchers from the University of South Australia have published a new study in the Journal of Neuroscience. 29 This is good news for anyone who wants to study a foreign language. According to a blog on Everywhere English, there are two phases that the brain cycles through when sleeping. 30 During this phase, which usually happens about an hour and a half after a person has fallen asleep, brain activity is high and shows levels that are similar to when that person is awake. This is when dreams occur. In non-REM sleep, brain activity is low. 31 But in fact, the researchers from the University of South Australia found that just the opposite is true. According to a University of South Australia press release, the researchers conducted an experiment with 35 native English speakers. Half of the students learned the language in the morning and then went on with their days. 32 This way the researchers could record their brainwaves. Both groups were tested on their knowledge in the morning. The group that had slept soon after they studied performed significantly better than those who had not. “ 33 It’s an active, transformative state for the brain,” Dr. Scott Cousins, a researcher at the University of South Australia, said in the press release. A．Sleep is not just restful. B．The first is called REM sleep. C．Is sleep help you learn language? D．If you are active, you’ll have a good memory. E．It investigates the way sleep helps people learn language. F．But the other half studied in the evening and then slept at the lab. G．One may think that memory and learning are gained when the brain is active. 【答案】29．E 30．B 31．G 32．F 33．A 【导语】这是一篇说明文。本文通过南澳大利亚大学的研究，揭示了睡眠在语言学习中的关键作用，指出睡眠的REM阶段并非被动休息，而是大脑主动巩固记忆的过程，并通过实验证明睡前学习结合睡眠能显著提升语言学习效果。 29．前文提到“Now, researchers from the University of South Australia have published a new study in the Journal of Neuroscience.(现在，来自南澳大利亚大学的研究人员在《神经科学杂志》上发表了一项新研究。)”以及后文“This is good news for anyone who wants to study a foreign language.(这对任何想学外语的人来说都是个好消息。)”说明此处需要填入一个研究内容于语言学习相关的选项。E项“It investigates the way sleep helps people learn language.(该研究阐述了睡眠如何帮助语言学习)”该项提到了研究的内容，即睡眠对于人们语言学习方式的帮助，起到承上启下的作用，符合文意。故选E。 30．前文提到“According to a blog on Everywhere English, there are two phases that the brain cycles through when sleeping. (根据Everywhere English的一篇博客，睡眠时大脑会经历两个阶段。)”由此判断，该段介绍了睡眠的两个阶段，后文中“this phase(这个阶段)”应指代第一个阶段，并描述其特点。B项“The first is called REM sleep.(第一个阶段是REM睡眠阶段)”与后文衔接自然，起到承上启下的作用，符合文意。故选B。 31．后文提到“But in fact, the researchers from the University of South Australia found that just the opposite is true.(但事实上，南澳大学的研究人员发现，事实恰恰相反。)”后文提到“事实恰恰相反”，需先引出大众普遍认为的某一观点，与该句形成对比。G项“One may think that memory and learning are gained when the brain is active.(人们可能会认为记忆和学习是在大脑活跃的时候获得的。)”该项与后文形成转折，逻辑合理，符合文意。故选G。 32．前文提到“Half of the students learned the language in the morning and then went on with their days.(一半的学生在早上学习语言，然后继续他们的日常活动。)”第四段提到分组实验，前文提到“一半学生早上学习”，空处则需填入另一半的对比情况。F项“But the other half studied in the evening and then slept at the lab.(而另一半则在晚上学习，然后在实验室睡觉。)”该项与前文形成完整对照，符合实验设计描述。故选F。 33．后文提到“It’s an active, transformative state for the brain(对大脑来说，这是一种活跃的、变革的状态。)”该段强调“睡眠是大脑的主动转化状态”，空处需填入对睡眠本质的总结。A项“Sleep is not just restful.(睡眠不仅是休息)”直接呼应后文，点明该段核心观点。符合文意。故选A。 11 / 25 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $