【中职专用】被动语态课件-语法专项突破

职教高考 语法专项 （四） 被动语态 学习导航 被动语态的句式 被动语态的各种时态形式 被动语态的用法 The workers are building a new hospital. A new hospital is being built by workers. 工人们正在建一座新医院。 一座新医院正在被建。 主语 （动作执行者） 谓语 现在进行时 主动语态 主语 （动作承受者） 谓语 现在进行时 被动语态 Lead in 用英语描述视频画面 1.被动语态的构成 语态概念 语态:是动词的一种形式，分为主动语态，被动语态 主动语态 句子的主语是动作的执行者 The workers are building a new hospital. 被动语态 句子的主语是动作的承受者 A new hospital is being built by the workers. 之 She tells a story. A story is told by her. She told a story. A story was told. She is telling a story. A story is being told. She was telling a story. A story was being told. 被动语态基本结构：be + done 2.各种时态的被动语态 结构 时态名称 一般现在时 一般过去时 现在进行时 过去进行时 主动语态 被动语态 之 She has told a story. A story has been told. She had told a story. A story had been told. She will tell a story. A story will be told. She would tell a story. A story would be told. 时态名称 现在完成时 过去完成时 一般将来时 过去将来时 主动语态 被动语态 2.各种时态的被动语态 结构 之 2.各种时态的被动语态 特殊结构 之 带情态动词的被动语态 The problem must be solved soon. 带不定式的被动结构 The room is going to be painted. 动词want, need, require后用动名词表示被动 The children needed looking after. The window required repairing. 1 2 3 1 不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁 Such books are written for children. 2 3 4 强调动作的承受者，而不强调动作的执行者 The baby is being looked after by her grandmother. 动作的执行者很模糊，当动作的执行者是泛指时（如people, one等） The song is said to be very popular abroad. 出于礼貌，不便提到动作的执行者 They have been told many times not to make noises. 执行者 承受者 or 关键点 主语 3.被动语态的用法 1.He‘ll be 12 years old next month. His father will give him a new bike as a birthday present on that day. He’ll be 12 years old next month. A new bike will be given to him as a birthday present on that day by his father. 2.We made Mr White leader of the team. Mr White was made leader of the team by us. 3.He made the baby laugh. The baby was made to laugh by him. 3.被动语态的用法 语态间的转换 之 间接宾语 直接宾语 主语，动作承受者，视情况加介词to或for 宾语 主语，动作的承受者 宾语补足语是省略to的不定式 被动语态时要加上to 4.We have sent for a doctor. A doctor has been sent for by us. 5.They say Professor Yuan is one of the richest people in China. It is said that Professor Yuan is one of the richest people in China. 6.Keep the book where it is. Let the book be kept where it is. 3.被动语态的用法 语态间的转换 之 原动词短语中的介词不能遗漏 宾语从句 形式主语 It+be+过去分词+宾语从句 It is said that …译成“据说…” 祈使句 Let+宾语+be+过去分词 How much does it cost? The hall can hold 100 people. Her successful career lasted for about forty years. ֎以下动词，词组不用被动语态 The boy often makes faces at class. Great changes have taken place in my hometown in the past ten years. 3.被动语态的用法 注意事项 之 (1)不能用被动语态的情况 become变成 cost值 last持续 look like看起来 appear出现 belong to属于 break out爆发 die死 happen发生 take place发生 consist of由…组成 begin开始 lack缺乏 reach到达，抵达 run out耗尽 give out分发，散发 hold容纳 make up one’s mind下定决心、 do one’s best尽最大努力、 make faces做鬼脸 take place发生 经典例句 Remember There are 12 months in a year. He is a worker. We have three meals a day. The car left the road and hit a tree. Mr Smith enjoys playing chess with his son. 3.被动语态的用法 注意事项 之 leave、enter、join等词作谓语的句子不用被动语态 have作谓语不用被动语态 系表结构不用被动语态 There be结构不用被动语态 ֎以下不用被动语态的情况 She can dress herself. We could hardly see each other in the fog. The old man broke his leg. 3.被动语态的用法 注意事项 之 宾语是反身代词或相互代词的句子，不用被动语态 宾语带有与主语有呼应关系的物主代词的句子，不用被动语态 Peter hoped to meet her. 宾语是不定式或动名词的句子，不用被动语态。 ֎以下不用被动语态的情况 之 3.被动语态的用法 注意事项 （2）主动形式表示被动意义 ֎在表示“需要”之意的need、want、require等词的后面,动名词用主动形式表示被动含义。 The house needs repairing/to be repaired. ֎Worth后面跟动名词表示被动意义 The picture book is well worth reading. 3.被动语态的用法 之 注意事项 I have a lot of work to do today. to do 与 I 有主谓关系 He has three children to look after. to look after 与 he 有主谓关系 ֎当easy、nice、fit、 hard、 difficult、 important、 impossible、 pleasant、 interesting等形容词后跟不定式作状语，常用不定式表示被动含义 The question is easy to answer. Sometimes, business English is hard to understand. （2）主动形式表示被动意义 The letter was written yesterday. 被动语态表示动作 The letter is written in English. 系表结构表示状态 I’m interested in my own hobbies, such as collecting stamps, raising birds and fishing. I was interested by what you showed me. 被动语态 系表结构 VS 3.被动语态的用法 区别 之 1. 这个秘密由她告诉了我。 The secret ______ ______ _____ _______ by her. 2. 这些盒子应该放在哪里？ Where _________ these boxes ________ __________? 3. 昨天他所有的钥匙都被弄丢了。 All his keys _____________ ______________ yesterday 4. 所有新栽的树都被毁了。 All the newly planted trees ______________ ______________. 5. 这食物看上去不如吃起来好。 The food _____________ _________ as good as it ___________. was told to me should be put were lost were destroyed doesn’t look tastes 经典练习 1.根据汉语意思和英语提示完成句子，每空一词 1. We will have to send for a doctor. A doctor will have to be sent (by us). 2. Nobody has ever visited the island. The island hasn’t ever been visited(by anybody). 3. Someone left the light on all night(by someone). The light was left on all night by someone. 经典练习 2.将下列句子改为被动语态 4. You must put away all your books. All your books must be put away by you. 5. Someone was cleaning the room when I arrived. The room was being cleaned (by someone) when I arrived. 6. She covered the well with a big stone. The well was covered with a big stone by her. 2.将下列句子改为被动语态 经典练习 1.No permission has ___________________ for anybody to enter the building. A. been given B. given C. to give D. be giving 2.The book ___________________ to the library on time. A. must return B. returning C. must be returned D. returned 3. _________________ that tennis is a match invented by an Englishman. A. That is said B. This is said C. It said D. It is said 4. The classroom ___________ the happy voice of the students last night. A. filled with B. was filled with C. full of D. was full with 5. Rebecca told her mother that her homework ______________________________. A. has been finished B. has finished C. had been finished D. had finished been given must be returned It is said was filled with had been finished 经典练习 3.选择正确答案 加油 6. A new bridge __________________________ in the city at present. A. is built B. is being built C. is being build D. was being built 7. The key ________________ on the desk when I went out. A. will be left B. is left C. was leave D. was left 8. __________ you _________ to take part in the Spring Festival party tonight? A. Have, told B. Had, been told C. Are, told D. Have, been told 9. You haven’t finished your homework. Let it ____________ at once. A. to be done B. be done C. done D. do 10. Robots ________________ to play basketball in the basketball match. A. can be designed B. can designed C. can design D. can been designed is being built was left Have been told be done can be designed 经典练习 3.选择正确答案 加油 感谢观看 $