专题7 句子成分、基本句型、句子类型（A卷·基础巩固）-2026版黑龙江省（春季高考）二轮复习《英语考纲专题练》（原卷版+解析版）

编写说明：2026版黑龙江省（春季高考）二轮复习《英语考纲专题练》依据最新版《中等职业学校英语课程标准》、黑龙江省编复习指导及历年真题编写。本资料紧扣历年考试趋势和最新考试动态，聚焦高频考点，精讲精练，共覆盖包括各类语法、词汇和题型的15个专题，助力考生高效复习。同时，为构建完整学习体系，每个专题均配套对应讲义和AB卷习题，满足多样化学习需求。 本专题是2026版黑龙江省（春季高考）二轮复习《英语考纲专题练》的第7个专题，内容为句子成分、基本句型、句子类型。 2026版黑龙江省（春季高考）二轮复习《英语考纲专题练》 专题7 句子成分、基本句型、句子类型（A卷·基础巩固） 考试时间：20分钟 满分：100分 班级 姓名 学号 成绩 一、单项选择（共20小题；每小题4分，满分 80分） 从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 1.There ______ two bottles of milk and a piece of bread on the table. A. is B. are C. was D. were 【答案】B 【解析】此题考查 There be 句型的就近原则。句意：桌子上有两瓶牛奶和一片面包。There be 句型中，be 动词的单复数形式与靠近它的主语保持一致，本题中靠近 be 动词的主语是 “two bottles of milk”（两瓶牛奶），为复数形式，且句子描述的是当前的存在状态，用一般现在时，故填 are。 2.______ touch the hot stove—it’s very dangerous. A. Not B. No C. Don’t D. Doesn’t 【答案】C 【解析】此题考查祈使句的否定形式。句意：不要碰滚烫的炉子 —— 非常危险。祈使句的否定形式直接在动词原形前加 Don’t，A 选项 Not 需搭配 to 构成不定式否定，B 选项 No 后接名词 / 动名词，D 选项 Doesn’t 用于第三人称单数的否定句，均不符合祈使句否定结构，故选 C。 3.He has few friends in this new city, ______? A. hasn’t he B. has he C. doesn’t he D. does he 【答案】B 【解析】此题考查反义疑问句的特殊规则。句意：他在这个新城市几乎没有朋友，是吗？反义疑问句遵循 “前否后肯” 原则，句中 “few”（几乎没有）为否定含义，故疑问部分用肯定形式；前句谓语动词为实义动词 has（表 “拥有”），疑问部分需用助动词 has，主语为 he，故选 B。 4.______ useful advice our teacher offered us on English learning! A. What B. How C. What a D. How a 【答案】A 【解析】此题考查 What 型感叹句的用法。句意：我们老师在英语学习上给了我们多么有用的建议啊！感叹句中，中心词为不可数名词时，结构为 “What + 形容词 + 不可数名词 + （主谓）！”，本题中 “advice”（建议）为不可数名词，无需加 a/an，How 用于修饰形容词 / 副词，故排除 B、C、D，选 A。 5.It was last Sunday ______ we visited the science museum. A. that B. when C. where D. which 【答案】A 【解析】此题考查强调句的基本结构。句意：就是在上周日，我们参观了科学博物馆。强调句的固定结构为 “It is/was + 被强调部分 + that/who + 其他成分”，本题被强调部分为时间状语 “last Sunday”，需用 that 连接，when 用于定语从句的时间状语，故排除 B、C、D，选 A。 6.—I have finished my homework. —______ I. Let’s go out to play. A. So do B. So have C. Neither do D. Neither have 【答案】B 【解析】此题考查倒装句 “so + 助动词 + 主语” 的用法。句意：—— 我已经做完作业了。—— 我也做完了。我们出去玩吧。“so + 助动词 + 主语” 表示 “另一人也如此”，前句谓语为现在完成时 “have finished”，助动词为 have，主语 I 为另一人，故用 So have I，A 选项助动词 do 与前句时态不一致，C、D 选项 Neither 用于前句否定的情况，故选 B。 7.Please ______ your phone before the meeting starts. A. turn off B. turns off C. turning off D. to turn off 【答案】A 【解析】此题考查祈使句的肯定形式。句意：会议开始前请关掉你的手机。祈使句以动词原形开头，Please 后接动词原形，B 选项为第三人称单数形式，C 选项为动名词，D 选项为不定式，均不符合祈使句结构，故选 A。 8.They didn’t attend the meeting yesterday, ______? A. did they B. didn’t they C. do they D. don’t they 【答案】A 【解析】此题考查反义疑问句的基本规则。句意：他们昨天没参加会议，是吗？反义疑问句遵循 “前否后肯” 原则，前句为一般过去时的否定句，谓语动词为 didn’t attend，故疑问部分用肯定形式 did they，主语为 they，排除 B、C、D，选 A。 9.Only when you practice more ______ improve your spoken English. A. you can B. can you C . you will D. will you 【答案】B 【解析】此题考查 Only 开头的部分倒装。句意：只有多练习，你才能提高英语口语。Only + 状语从句放句首时，主句需用部分倒装，即助动词 / 情态动词提前，can 为情态动词，提前后为 can you，will you 需与将来时语境匹配，本题描述的是练习与提高的逻辑关系，用 can 更合适，故选 B。 10.______ amazing trip we had to the mountains last month! A. What B. What an C. How D. How an 【答案】B 【解析】此题考查 What 型感叹句的单数可数名词用法。句意：上个月我们去山里的旅行多么精彩啊！感叹句中，中心词为单数可数名词时，结构为 “What a/an + 形容词 + 单数可数名词 + （主谓）！”，本题中 “trip”（旅行）为单数可数名词，“amazing” 以元音音素开头，需用 an，How 用于修饰形容词 / 副词，故排除 A、C、D，选 B。 11.It was in the small village ______ he spent his childhood. A. where B. that C. which D. when 【答案】B 【解析】此题考查强调句的地点状语强调。句意：他就是在这个小村庄度过了童年。强调句的固定结构为 “It is/was + 被强调部分 + that + 其他成分”，本题被强调部分为地点状语 “in the small village”，需用 that 连接，where 用于定语从句的地点状语，故排除 A、C、D，选 B。 12.______ lovely the little girl is! Everyone likes playing with her. A. What B. What a C. How D. How a 【答案】C 【解析】此题考查 How 型感叹句的用法。句意：这个小女孩多么可爱啊！每个人都喜欢和她玩。感叹句中，中心词为形容词时，结构为 “How + 形容词 + （主谓）！”，本题中 “lovely”（可爱的）为形容词，无需加 a/an，What 用于修饰名词，故排除 A、B、D，选 C。 13.Your brother often plays basketball after school, ______? A. is he B. isn’t he C. does he D. doesn’t he 【答案】D 【解析】此题考查反义疑问句的基本规则。句意：你哥哥放学后经常打篮球，是吗？反义疑问句遵循 “前肯后否” 原则，前句为一般现在时的肯定句，谓语动词为实义动词 plays，需用助动词 doesn’t，主语为 your brother，疑问部分用代词 he，排除 A、B、C，选 D。 14.Since 2020, there ______ great changes in our hometown. A. have been B. are C. were D. will be 【答案】A 【解析】此题考查 There be 句型的现在完成时。句意：自 2020 年以来，我们的家乡发生了巨大的变化。句中 “since 2020”（自 2020 年以来）为现在完成时的标志词，There be 句型的现在完成时结构为 “There have/has been”，主语 “great changes”（巨大变化）为复数，故用 have been，B、C 为一般现在时 / 过去时，D 为一般将来时，均不符合时态要求，选 A。 15.Never ______ such a beautiful place before I visited Zhangjiajie. A. I have seen B. have I seen C. I saw D. did I see 【答案】B 【解析】此题考查否定词开头的部分倒装。句意：在参观张家界之前，我从未见过如此美丽的地方。否定词 “Never” 放句首时，句子需用部分倒装，即助动词提前；“before I visited Zhangjiajie” 表示过去的时间点之前的动作，用现在完成时，助动词 have 提前，构成 “have I seen”，A、C 为正常语序，D 为一般过去时倒装，均不符合时态和语序要求，选 B。 16.There ______ a football match between Class 1 and Class 2 this Friday afternoon. A. is going to be B. is going to have C. will have D. will hold 【答案】A 【解析】此题考查 There be 句型的一般将来时。句意：本周五下午一班和二班之间将有一场足球比赛。There be 句型的一般将来时结构为 “There will be” 或 “There is/are going to be”，不可与 have 连用，B、C 选项存在 “There have” 的错误搭配，D 选项 will hold 需主语为人，均不符合语法规则，故选 A。 17.Let us go to the supermarket after school, ______? A. shall we B . will you C. won’t we D. don’t you 【答案】B 【解析】此题考查祈使句的反义疑问句特殊搭配。句意：放学后让我们去超市，好吗？Let us（不包含说话人）开头的祈使句，反义疑问句固定用 “will you”；Let’s（包含说话人）开头用 “shall we”，本题为 Let us，故排除 A、C、D，选 B。 18.This is the school ______ I studied three years ago. A. where B. which C. that D. what 【答案】A 【解析】此题考查定语从句的关系副词。句意：这是我三年前就读的学校。定语从句中，先行词为地点名词 “school”，且从句中不缺主语或宾语，需用关系副词 where 作地点状语，which/that 为关系代词，需在从句中作主语 / 宾语，what 不可引导定语从句，故选 A。 19.There ______ a big park and several small shops near my home last year. A. is B. was C. are D. were 【答案】B 【解析】此题考查 There be 句型的就近原则和一般过去时。句意：去年我家附近有一个大公园和几家小商店。There be 句型遵循就近原则，靠近 be 动词的主语 “a big park”（一个大公园）为单数，且句子时间状语为 “last year”（去年），用一般过去时，故填 was，排除 A、C、D，选 B。 20.It’s necessary that we ______ a detailed study plan before the exam. A. make B. made C. will make D. are making 【答案】A 【解析】此题考查 it 作形式主语后的虚拟语气。句意：考试前我们有必要制定一个详细的学习计划。it 作形式主语时，若形容词为 necessary（必要的）、important 等，后面的主语从句需用虚拟语气，谓语动词用 “(should+) 动词原形”，should 可省略，故填 make，B、C、D 均不符合虚拟语气规则，选 A。 二、阅读理解（阅读下列短文，短文后面有五个小题，从每小题所给的四个选项中，选出一个最佳选项。未选、错选或多选均不得分。共5小题，每小题4分, 满分20分。） Hobbies are an important part of people’s life. They can bring joy, reduce stress and help us learn new skills. What’s more, hobbies can also help us make more friends who share the same interests. It is my father’s love for gardening that influenced me to develop this hobby. Every weekend, we work together in our small garden. We plant different kinds of flowers and vegetables, such as roses, tomatoes and carrots. How happy we are when we see the flowers bloom and the vegetables grow well! My father often says, “Don’t give up easily when taking care of plants—patience is the key.” There are many benefits of gardening. First, it makes me closer to nature and helps me understand the cycle of life. Second, it teaches me to be responsible, as I have to water the plants regularly and protect them from pests. Third, it is a great way to relax after a busy week at school. Never have I felt so peaceful as when I am working in the garden. Let’s develop a healthy hobby and enjoy the happiness it brings. It is not only a way to spend free time but also a way to improve ourselves. 21.What influenced the writer to take up gardening? A. Friends’ introduction B. Father’s love for gardening C. School’s gardening class D. Interest in nature 22.How does the writer feel when seeing the plants grow well? A. Happy B. Tired C. Surprised D. Worried 23.Which of the following is NOT a benefit of gardening mentioned in the passage? A. Getting closer to nature B. Learning to be responsible C. Making a lot of money D. Relaxing after busy study 24.What can we learn from the father’s words? A. Gardening is easy B. Patience is important in gardening C. Plants need little care D. Everyone should grow vegetables 25.What is the main idea of the passage? A. How to plant flowers and vegetables B. The father’s gardening experience C. The benefits of having a hobby like gardening D. Different people have different hobbies 【答案】21.B 22.A 23.C 24.B 25.C 【导语】此文是一篇记叙文，主题是作者受父亲对园艺的热爱影响，养成了园艺这一爱好，通过描述园艺过程中的互动与收获，详细阐述了园艺带来的亲近自然、学会负责、放松身心等多重益处，最终呼吁人们培养健康且有意义的爱好，丰富生活并实现自我提升。 【解析】 21. 此题是细节理解题。句意：是什么影响了作者开始从事园艺？原文第二段明确提到 “It is my father’s love for gardening that influenced me to develop this hobby”，直接点明影响因素是父亲对园艺的热爱，A、C、D 选项在文中无对应信息，故答案为 B。 22. 此题是细节理解题。句意：当看到植物长势良好时，作者感觉如何？原文第二段 “How happy we are when we see the flowers bloom and the vegetables grow well!” 直接表达了 “开心” 的情感，B（疲惫的）、C（惊讶的）、D（担忧的）均与原文不符，故答案为 A。 23. 此题是细节理解题。句意：下列哪一项不是文中提到的园艺益处？原文第三段明确列出园艺的益处：“make me closer to nature”（A 选项）、“teach me to be responsible”（B 选项）、“a great way to relax after a busy week at school”（D 选项），C 选项 “赚很多钱” 在文中未提及，故答案为 C。 24. 此题是细节理解题。句意：我们能从父亲的话中学到什么？父亲的话 “Don’t give up easily when taking care of plants—patience is the key” 核心是强调 “耐心是照顾植物的关键”，即耐心在园艺中的重要性，A、C、D 选项均偏离话语主旨，故答案为 B。 25. 此题是主旨大意题。句意：这篇文章的主旨是什么？全文围绕作者的园艺爱好展开，重点通过具体事例阐述园艺的多重益处，而非单纯描述种植方法（A）、父亲的经历（B）或不同人的爱好差异（D），C 选项 “拥有园艺这类爱好的益处” 能全面概括全文核心，故答案为 C。 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 编写说明：2026版黑龙江省（春季高考）二轮复习《英语考纲专题练》依据最新版《中等职业学校英语课程标准》、黑龙江省编复习指导及历年真题编写。本资料紧扣历年考试趋势和最新考试动态，聚焦高频考点，精讲精练，共覆盖包括各类语法、词汇和题型的15个专题，助力考生高效复习。同时，为构建完整学习体系，每个专题均配套对应讲义和AB卷习题，满足多样化学习需求。 本专题是2026版黑龙江省（春季高考）二轮复习《英语考纲专题练》的第7个专题，内容为句子成分、基本句型、句子类型。 2026版黑龙江省（春季高考）二轮复习《英语考纲专题练》 专题7 句子成分、基本句型、句子类型（A卷·基础巩固） 考试时间：20分钟 满分：100分 班级 姓名 学号 成绩 一、单项选择（共20小题；每小题4分，满分 80分） 从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 1.There ______ two bottles of milk and a piece of bread on the table. A. is B. are C. was D. were 2.______ touch the hot stove—it’s very dangerous. A. Not B. No C. Don’t D. Doesn’t 3.He has few friends in this new city, ______? A. hasn’t he B. has he C. doesn’t he D. does he 4.______ useful advice our teacher offered us on English learning! A. What B. How C. What a D. How a 5.It was last Sunday ______ we visited the science museum. A. that B. when C. where D. which 6.—I have finished my homework. —______ I. Let’s go out to play. A. So do B. So have C. Neither do D. Neither have 7.Please ______ your phone before the meeting starts. A. turn off B. turns off C. turning off D. to turn off 8.They didn’t attend the meeting yesterday, ______? A. did they B. didn’t they C. do they D. don’t they 9.Only when you practice more ______ improve your spoken English. A. you can B. can you C . you will D. will you 10.______ amazing trip we had to the mountains last month! A. What B. What an C. How D. How an 11.It was in the small village ______ he spent his childhood. A. where B. that C. which D. when 12.______ lovely the little girl is! Everyone likes playing with her. A. What B. What a C. How D. How a 13.Your brother often plays basketball after school, ______? A. is he B. isn’t he C. does he D. doesn’t he 14.Since 2020, there ______ great changes in our hometown. A. have been B. are C. were D. will be 15.Never ______ such a beautiful place before I visited Zhangjiajie. A. I have seen B. have I seen C. I saw D. did I see 16.There ______ a football match between Class 1 and Class 2 this Friday afternoon. A. is going to be B. is going to have C. will have D. will hold 17.Let us go to the supermarket after school, ______? A. shall we B . will you C. won’t we D. don’t you 18.This is the school ______ I studied three years ago. A. where B. which C. that D. what 19.There ______ a big park and several small shops near my home last year. A. is B. was C. are D. were 20.It’s necessary that we ______ a detailed study plan before the exam. A. make B. made C. will make D. are making 二、阅读理解（阅读下列短文，短文后面有五个小题，从每小题所给的四个选项中，选出一个最佳选项。未选、错选或多选均不得分。共5小题，每小题4分, 满分20分。） Hobbies are an important part of people’s life. They can bring joy, reduce stress and help us learn new skills. What’s more, hobbies can also help us make more friends who share the same interests. It is my father’s love for gardening that influenced me to develop this hobby. Every weekend, we work together in our small garden. We plant different kinds of flowers and vegetables, such as roses, tomatoes and carrots. How happy we are when we see the flowers bloom and the vegetables grow well! My father often says, “Don’t give up easily when taking care of plants—patience is the key.” There are many benefits of gardening. First, it makes me closer to nature and helps me understand the cycle of life. Second, it teaches me to be responsible, as I have to water the plants regularly and protect them from pests. Third, it is a great way to relax after a busy week at school. Never have I felt so peaceful as when I am working in the garden. Let’s develop a healthy hobby and enjoy the happiness it brings. It is not only a way to spend free time but also a way to improve ourselves. 21.What influenced the writer to take up gardening? A. Friends’ introduction B. Father’s love for gardening C. School’s gardening class D. Interest in nature 22.How does the writer feel when seeing the plants grow well? A. Happy B. Tired C. Surprised D. Worried 23.Which of the following is NOT a benefit of gardening mentioned in the passage? A. Getting closer to nature B. Learning to be responsible C. Making a lot of money D. Relaxing after busy study 24.What can we learn from the father’s words? A. Gardening is easy B. Patience is important in gardening C. Plants need little care D. Everyone should grow vegetables 25.What is the main idea of the passage? A. How to plant flowers and vegetables B. The father’s gardening experience C. The benefits of having a hobby like gardening D. Different people have different hobbies 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $