内容正文:
沪外版选必4 Unit 4 Approaching classics.词汇同步笔记
序号
单词
词形变化
派生词
核心考点
例句
1
shark n. 鲨鱼
复数:sharks
无
1. great white shark(大白鲨)2. shark attack(鲨鱼袭击)
We saw a shark swimming near the shore.(我们看到一条鲨鱼在岸边附近游动。)
2
swing v. (使)摆动,摇摆,摇荡;(使)弧线运动,转弯,转动
过去式/过去分词:swung;复数:swings
swing n. 摆动;秋千
1. swing from(从……摆动)2. swing around(转弯)
The monkey swung nimbly from one tree branch to another.(猴子灵活地从一根树枝荡到另一根。)
3
wrap v. 用……缠绕(或围紧)
过去式/过去分词:wrapped;复数:wraps
wrap n. 包裹物;wrapper n. 包装纸
1. wrap up(包裹;结束)2. wrap around(缠绕)
She wrapped the gift carefully with colorful paper.(她用彩纸仔细地把礼物包好。)
4
loop n. 环形;圆圈
复数:loops;动词过去式/过去分词:looped
loop v. 打环;looping adj. 环形的
1. make a loop(打个圈)2. loop around(环绕)
He tied a loop in the rope to hang the bucket.(他在绳子上打了个圈挂水桶。)
5
lash v. (使)迅猛摆动,甩动;捆绑;捆
过去式/过去分词:lashed;复数:lashes
lash n. 鞭打;睫毛
1. lash out(猛击;怒斥)2. lash down(捆紧)
The rain lashed against the windowpanes.(雨水猛烈地拍打在窗玻璃上。)
6
jaw n. 颌
复数:jaws
jawbone n. 颌骨;jawed adj. 有颌的
1. upper jaw(上颌)2. set one’s jaw(咬紧牙关)
He clenched his jaw to hold back his anger.(他咬紧牙关抑制住愤怒。)
7
click v. (使)发出咔哒声,咔哒(或咔嚓)响
过去式/过去分词:clicked;复数:clicks
click n. 咔哒声
1. click on(点击)2. click shut(咔哒一声关上)
She clicked the mouse to open the document.(她点击鼠标打开文档。)
8
plow v. (轮船、木船)穿过(水域),破浪前进;耕(地)
过去式/过去分词:plowed/ploughed;复数:plows/ploughs
plow n. 犁;plowing n. 耕作
1. plow through(破浪前进;费力通过)2. plow the field(耕地)
The ship plowed through the rough sea.(轮船在波涛汹涌的大海中破浪前进。)
9
speedboat n. 快艇
复数:speedboats
无
1. ride a speedboat(乘坐快艇)2. speedboat race(快艇比赛)
They took a speedboat to the nearby island.(他们乘快艇去了附近的小岛。)
10
taut adj. 拉紧的;绷紧的
比较级:tauter;最高级:tautest
tautness n. 绷紧;tautly adv. 绷紧地
1. taut rope(绷紧的绳子)2. keep taut(保持绷紧)
The rope must be kept taut to support the weight.(绳子必须保持绷紧才能支撑重量。)
11
shiver v. 颤抖,哆嗦(因寒冷、恐惧、激动等)
过去式/过去分词:shivered;复数:shivers
shiver n. 颤抖;shivering adj. 颤抖的
1. shiver with cold(因寒冷颤抖)2. shiver with fear(因恐惧哆嗦)
She shivered with cold as she walked in the snow.(她在雪地里行走,冻得瑟瑟发抖。)
12
snap v. (使咔嚓)断裂,绷断
过去式/过去分词:snapped;复数:snaps
snap n. 断裂声;快照
1. snap in two(断成两截)2. snap at(厉声说)
The dry branch snapped when he stepped on it.(他踩上去时,干枯的树枝咔嚓一声断了。)
13
harpoon n. 渔猎标枪;鱼叉
复数:harpoons;动词过去式/过去分词:harpooned
harpoon v. 用鱼叉叉
1. fishing harpoon(渔用鱼叉)2. harpoon a whale(用鱼叉叉鲸鱼)
The fishermen used a harpoon to catch the big fish.(渔民们用鱼叉捕捉那条大鱼。)
14
bleed v. 流血;失血
过去式/过去分词:bled
bleeding n. 出血;bleeder n. 易出血的人
1. bleed badly(流很多血)2. bleed to death(流血致死)
The cut on his finger was bleeding, so he wrapped it up.(他手指上的伤口在流血,于是他把它包了起来。)
15
mutilate v. 严重损毁;毁坏
过去式/过去分词:mutilated
mutilation n. 损毁;mutilated adj. 被损毁的
1. mutilate a statue(毁坏雕像)2. be mutilated in an accident(在事故中受重伤)
The old building was mutilated by the fire.(那座老建筑在火灾中被严重损毁。)
16
hook v. (使)钩住,挂住
过去式/过去分词:hooked;复数:hooks
hook n. 钩子;hooked adj. 钩状的
1. hook onto(钩住)2. hook up(连接)
The fish hooked onto the bait and was caught.(鱼咬住了鱼饵,被钓了上来。)
17
handicap n. 残疾;生理缺陷
复数:handicaps;动词过去式/过去分词:handicapped
handicapped adj. 残疾的;handicap v. 妨碍
1. physical handicap(身体残疾)2. overcome a handicap(克服残疾)
He didn’t let his handicap stop him from pursuing his dreams.(他没有让残疾阻碍自己追求梦想。)
18
spur n. 骨刺,疣
复数:spurs;动词过去式/过去分词:spurred
spur v. 激励;spurring adj. 激励的
1. bone spur(骨刺)2. spur on(激励)
The spur on his heel made walking painful.(他脚后跟的骨刺让走路很疼。)
19
heel n. 足跟;脚后跟
复数:heels
heel v. 紧随;heeled adj. 有后跟的
1. high heels(高跟鞋)2. at heel(紧跟在后)
She twisted her heel while running on the grass.(她在草地上跑步时扭伤了脚后跟。)
20
sting ray n. 虹(大型扁宽海鱼,尾长,有尖刺)
复数:sting rays
无
1. poisonous sting ray(有毒的鳐鱼)2. swim with sting rays(和鳐鱼一起游泳)
We saw a huge sting ray gliding through the water.(我们看到一条巨大的鳐鱼在水中滑行。)
21
paralyze/paralyse v. 使麻痹;使瘫痪
过去式/过去分词:paralyzed/paralysed
paralysis n. 麻痹;paralyzed/paralysed adj. 瘫痪的
1. be paralyzed with fear(因恐惧而瘫痪)2. paralyze the legs(使腿部麻痹)
The accident left him paralyzed from the waist down.(那场事故让他腰部以下瘫痪。)
22
unbearable adj. 难的;无法接受的
比较级:more unbearable;最高级:most unbearable
bear v. 忍受;bearable adj. 可忍受的
1. unbearable pain(难以忍受的疼痛)2. unbearable heat(酷热难耐)
The heat in the desert was almost unbearable.(沙漠里的炎热几乎让人无法忍受。)
23
pattern n. 模式;方式
复数:patterns;动词过去式/过去分词:patterned
pattern v. 模仿;patterned adj. 有图案的
1. daily pattern(日常模式)2. follow a pattern(遵循模式)
She noticed a pattern in his behavior.(她注意到他的行为有一定模式。)
24
inner adj. 里面的;接近中心的
比较级:inner;最高级:innermost
inner n. 内部;innermost adj. 最深处的
1. inner city(市中心贫民区)2. inner feelings(内心感受)
He kept his inner thoughts to himself.(他把内心的想法藏在心里。)
25
current n. (海洋或江河的)水流,潮流;气流
复数:currents;形容词无比较级
current adj. 当前的;currently adv. 目前
1. ocean current(洋流)2. strong current(强水流)
The swimmer struggled against the strong current.(游泳者在强水流中奋力挣扎。)
26
butt n. (武器或工具的)粗大的一端
复数:butts
无
1. gun butt(枪托)2. the butt of a knife(刀柄)
He hit the door with the butt of the axe.(他用斧柄砸门。)
27
oar n. 船桨;桨
复数:oars;动词过去式/过去分词:oared
oar v. 划桨;oarsman n. 划桨手
1. row with oars(用桨划船)2. wooden oar(木桨)
They used two oars to row the small boat across the lake.(他们用两把桨划船渡过湖面。)
28
tiller n. (小船的)舵柄
复数:tillers
无
1. hold the tiller(握住舵柄)2. turn the tiller(转动舵柄)
He turned the tiller to steer the boat toward the shore.(他转动舵柄,把船驶向岸边。)
29
sheet n. 帆脚索;拉帆绳
复数:sheets
无
1. adjust the sheet(调整帆脚索)2. sail sheet(帆索)
The sailor pulled the sheet to control the sail.(水手拉动帆脚索控制船帆。)
30
step on 踩
无词形变化
无
1. step on sth.(踩到某物)2. step on sb.’s foot(踩到某人的脚)
Be careful not to step on the broken glass.(小心别踩到碎玻璃。)
31
DiMaggio 迪马乔(人名)
专有,无词形变化
无
1. talk about DiMaggio(谈论迪马乔)2. DiMaggio’s skills(迪马乔的技能)
DiMaggio was a famous baseball player in history.(迪马乔是历史上著名的棒球运动员。)
32
cock n. 公鸡
复数:cocks;动词过去式/过去分词:cocked
cock v. 竖起;cocked adj. 竖起的
1. fighting cock(斗鸡)2. cock one’s head(歪头)
The cock crowed loudly at dawn.(公鸡在黎明时分大声啼叫。)
33
crow v. (雄鸡)(尤指在清晨)啼叫,打鸣
过去式/过去分词:crowed;复数:crows
crow n. 乌鸦;啼叫
1. crow at dawn(黎明啼叫)2. crow with joy(欢呼)
The rooster crowed to wake up the village.(公鸡啼叫唤醒了村庄。)
34
twitter v. (鸟)啁啾,吱喳,啁啾
过去式/过去分词:twittered;复数:twitters
twitter n. 啁啾声;Twitter n. 推特
1. birds twitter(鸟儿啁啾)2. twitter with excitement(兴奋地叽叽喳喳)
Small birds twittered in the tree branches.(小鸟在树枝间啁啾鸣唱。)
35
doth v. (旧时用法)do 的第三人称单数现在式
无词形变化
无
1. doth = does(旧时用法)
He doth know the truth but refuses to speak.(他确实知道真相,却拒绝开口。)
36
glitter v. 闪亮;闪耀;光彩夺目
过去式/过去分词:glittered;复数:glitters
glitter n. 闪光;glittering adj. 闪耀的
1. glitter in the sun(在阳光下闪耀)2. eyes glitter with joy(眼里闪烁着喜悦的光芒)
The stars glittered brightly in the dark sky.(星星在黑暗的天空中明亮地闪耀。)
37
cattle n. 牛
复数:cattle(集合)
cow n. 奶牛;bull n. 公牛
1. a herd of cattle(一群牛)2. raise cattle(养牛)
Farmers raise cattle for meat and milk.(农民养牛获取肉和奶。)
38
graze v. (牛、羊等)(在草地上)吃青草
过去式/过去分词:grazed;复数:grazes
graze n. 放牧;grazing n. 放牧
1. graze on grass(吃草)2. graze the fields(在田里放牧)
Sheep were grazing peacefully in the meadow.(绵羊在草地上平静地吃草。)
39
hath v. (旧时用法)have 的第三人称单数现在式
无词形变化
无
1. hath = has(旧时用法)
She hath a kind heart and helps everyone.(她心地善良,乐于助人。)
40
fare v. 成功(或不成功、更好等)
过去式/过去分词:fared;复数:fares
fare n. 车费;旅费
1. fare well(进展顺利)2. fare badly(表现不佳)
How did you fare in the English exam?(你这次英语考试考得怎么样?)
41
bare adj. (树木或村野)光秃秃的;(土地)荒芜的
比较级:barer;最高级:barest
bare v. 露出;barely adv. 几乎不
1. bare trees(光秃秃的树)2. bare land(荒芜的土地)
The hills were bare after the leaves fell in autumn.(秋天树叶落了之后,山丘变得光秃秃的。)
42
whoop v. (因高兴或激动)高喊,喊叫
过去式/过去分词:whooped;复数:whoops
whoop n. 高喊声;whooping adj. 高喊的
1. whoop with joy(欢呼)2. whoop it up(狂欢)
The children whooped with joy when they saw the presents.(孩子们看到礼物时高兴地欢呼起来。)
43
anon adv. (旧用法或文学用语)不久;很快
无比较级/最高级
无
1. anon = soon(旧用法)
I will return anon, so wait for me.(我很快就回来,等着我。)
44
joy n. 高兴;愉快;喜悦
不可数
joyful adj. 快乐的;joyfully adv. 快乐地
1. full of joy(充满喜悦)2. joy of success(成功的喜悦)
Tears of joy rolled down her face when she won the prize.(获奖时,喜悦的泪水从她脸上滚落。)
45
prevail v. 普遍存在;盛行
过去式/过去分词:prevailed
prevalence n. 盛行;prevailing adj. 盛行的
1. prevail among(在……中盛行)2. prevail over(战胜)
Kindness and honesty prevail in this small town.(善良和诚实在这个小镇上盛行。)
46
at work (on sth) 忙着(做某事)
无词形变化
无
1. be at work on a project(忙着做项目)
She’s at work on her new novel these days.(这些天她忙着写她的新小说。)
47
pursuit n. 追求;寻找
复数:pursuits
pursue v. 追求;pursuer n. 追求者
1. pursuit of happiness(追求幸福)2. in pursuit of(追求)
He devoted his life to the pursuit of knowledge.(他毕生致力于追求知识。)
48
amid prep. 在……过程中;在……中
无词形变化
无
1. amid difficulties(在困难中)2. amid cheers(在欢呼声中)
She remained calm amid the chaos.(她在混乱中保持冷静。)
49
faithless adj. 不忠诚的;不可信任的;不可信赖的
比较级:more faithless;最高级:most faithless
faith n. 忠诚;faithful adj. 忠诚的
1. faithless friend(不忠诚的朋友)2. be faithless to(对……不忠诚)
He proved to be a faithless partner who betrayed us.(他被证明是个背叛我们的不可靠伙伴。)
50
contribute v. 增加;增进;添加(到某物)
过去式/过去分词:contributed
contribution n. 贡献;contributor n. 贡献者
1. contribute to(有助于;促成)2. contribute sth. to(向……捐赠某物)
Exercise contributes to good health.(运动有助于身体健康。)
51
verse n. 诗节;歌曲的段落
复数:verses
versatile adj. 多才多艺的;versify v. 作诗
1. a verse of a poem(诗的一节)2. sing a verse(唱一段歌词)
She recited a beautiful verse from her favorite poem.(她背诵了她最喜欢的诗中的一段优美诗句。)
52
hear of 听说,得知(某人或某事)
无词形变化
无
1. hear of sb./sth.(听说某人/某事)2. never hear of(从未听说)
I’ve never heard of such a strange custom.(我从未听说过如此奇怪的习俗。)
53
Bertrand Russell 伯特兰·罗素(人名)
专有,无词形变化
无
1. Bertrand Russell’s works(伯特兰·罗素的著作)2. Russell’s philosophy(罗素的哲学思想)
Bertrand Russell was a famous British philosopher and writer.(伯特兰·罗素是英国著名的哲学家和作家。)
54
Keating 基廷(人名)
专有,无词形变化
无
1. Mr. Keating(基廷先生)2. Keating’s advice(基廷的建议)
Keating encouraged his students to think independently.(基廷鼓励他的学生独立思考。)
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