Unit1 Wish You were Here Grammar and Usage 导学案-2025-2026学年高中英语牛津译林版选择性必修第三册

该高中英语导学案围绕选择性必修三U1-2，梳理surrounding、harmony等核心词汇（含词形变化、搭配及语境例句）和make one’s way等短语，系统讲解非限制性定语从句（特点、关系词、as与which区别），通过词汇到语法的递进设计搭建学习支架，帮助学生衔接前后知识。 资料亮点在于分层训练体系，从随堂语法练习（填空、句型转换）到精题精练、能力拓展（七选五、完形填空、写作），结合语境化例句与对比分析，提升学生语言能力，培养思维品质与自主学习能力，助力高效掌握知识点与语法应用。

年 级：高二 科 目：英语 内 容：选择性必修三 U1-2 Grammar and usage - Integrated skills 【同步知识梳理】 知识点1：surrounding adj. 周围的,附近的 (1)surround 　　　　　 vt. 围绕,环绕;包围 be surrounded by/with 　 被……包围/环绕 (2)surroundings 　　　 n. 周围的事物;环境 The lake is surrounded by/with tall trees and beautiful flowers. 湖的周围是高高的树木和美丽的鲜花。 The buildings have been designed to blend in with their surroundings. 这些建筑物设计巧妙,与周围环境浑然一体。 知识点2： harmony n.融洽,和睦;和谐 (1)in harmony with 与……和谐 (2)harmonious adj. 融洽的,和睦的;和谐的 inharmonious adj.不和谐的;不协调的 (3)harmoniously adv. 融洽地;和谐地 The weather gradually improved. The sky and the sea here made a harmonious picture. 天气逐渐好转。这儿的天空和大海构成了一幅和谐的画面。  知识点3：manner n.方式,方法;举止;(manners)礼貌 in a/the...manner 　　 以……的方式 in the manner of 以……的风格 It is good/bad manners to do sth. 做某事有礼貌/没礼貌 manner当“礼貌”讲时,用复数形式。 I plan to make it in an admirable manner. 我打算以一种令人钦佩的方式来做这件事。 It is thought that it’s a satire somewhat in the manner of Dickens. 人们认为,这部讽刺作品有点狄更斯的风格。 Do remember: it is bad manners to talk with your mouth full. 务必记住:嘴里塞满了东西跟人说话是不礼貌的。 知识点4：sustain vt. 使保持,使稳定持续;维持;遭受 sustainable 　　 adj. 能持续的;可持续发展的 sustainability n. 持续性 The company sustained losses of millions of dollars in the crisis. 在这次危机中,公司遭受了数百万美元的损失。 China will work hard to transform the economic development pattern and set out on a path of balanced and sustainable development. 中国将继续致力于转变经济发展方式,走出一条均衡和可持续的发展道路。 Development of renewable energy is promoted to achieve sustainability. 大力发展可再生能源,实现可持续发展。 知识点5：consumption n. 消耗, 消耗量; 消费 (1)for sb.’s consumption 　 供某人了解 (2)consume vt. 消耗;消费 (3)consumer n. 消费者 Many people are unaware of just how much food and drink they consume. 许多人并不知道他们究竟消耗掉了多少食品和饮料。 Her speech to party members was not intended for public consumption. 她对党员发表的讲话并不打算公诸大众。 知识点6：make one’s way 去,前往 feel one’s way 　 　 谨慎小心地进行,摸索前进 fight one’s way 奋斗前进, 打开一条道路 lose one’s way 迷路;误入歧途 force one’s way 挤出去,冲出去 push one’s way 推开(人群)通过,挤过 pick one’s way 小心走路 wind one’s way 蜿蜒前进 When hearing the bell, the old man made his way to the exit. 听到铃声,老人向出口走去。 As I was walking along the street, I noticed a blind man feeling his way with the stick. 当我在街上走时,我注意到一个盲人用棍子摸索着走路。 He forced his way through the crowd to the reception desk. 他从人群中挤到前台。 There is a path winding its way to the top of the mountain. 有条小路蜿蜒通向山顶。 【同步语法梳理】 非限制性定语从句 一、非限制性定语从句的特点 1．非限制性定语从句与先行词之间一般用逗号隔开，是对先行词的附加说明，如果去掉，句子剩余部分的意思仍然完整。 The children，who wanted to have a journey to the valley，were disappointed when the journey was cancelled. 那些想去山谷旅行的孩子都因旅行的取消而感到失望。 That they will get married，which has not been announced，has spread around. 他们要结婚的消息还没有被宣布，却已经被传得沸沸扬扬。 2．非限制性定语从句的先行词既可为单个的名词或代词，也可为整个句子或其中一部分，且常译成并列的分句。 We’ll graduate in July，when we will be free.(先行词为名词) 我们将于七月份毕业，到那时我们就自由了。 He often comes to school late，which makes his teacher angry.(先行词为主句的内容) 他经常上学迟到，这使得他的老师很生气。 二、引导非限制性定语从句的关系词 1．关系代词 which 指物，在从句中作主语、宾语或表语；who/whom指人，who在从句中作主语，而whom在从句中作宾语；as既可指人也可指物，在从句中作主语、宾语或表语；whose既可指人也可指物，在从句中作定语。 He has good manners，as could be judged from his behavior. 他很讲礼貌，这从他的行为可以判断出来。 Mr King，whose legs were badly hurt，was quickly taken to hospital. 金先生迅速被送去医院了，他的腿受了重伤。 2．关系副词 when指代时间，在从句中充当时间状语，可与“介词＋which”互换；where指代地点，在从句中充当地点状语，也可与“介词＋which”互换。 We will put off the outing until next Sunday，when/on which we won’t be so busy. 我们将把郊游推迟到下个星期天，那时我们就不会这么忙了。 Yesterday，they went out to have a picnic in the suburb，where/in which they had a good time. 昨天，他们到郊区去野餐了，在那里他们玩得很开心。 [名师点津]　(1)非限制性定语从句可将整个主句作为先行词，对其进行修饰，这时从句谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式。 (2)在非限制性定语从句中，先行词为reason时，关系词不用why引导，用for which代替why。 He has been busy with his work the whole holiday，which has made his girlfriend unhappy. 他一整个假期都忙于工作，这令他的女朋友很生气。 The reason，for which he couldn’t reduce his consumption，wasn’t given. 他为何不能降低消费，他没有给出任何理由。 三、as与which引导非限制性定语从句的区别 as which 指代 引导从句只能指代整个主句的内容 引导从句既可指代整个主句的内容，也可指代主句的一部分 位置 可位于主句之前，之中或之后 引导从句不能置于主句之前 意义 正如 这，那 功能 连接上下文，表达说话人的观点、看法，并指出主句内容的根据或出处等 引导的从句在意义上相当于一个并列句 As we all know，the earth moves around the sun. 众所周知，地球围绕太阳转。 The singer，as was expected，achieved a great success. 正如所期盼的那样，这位歌手取得了巨大成功。 Catherine will attend a friend’s wedding，which she is busy preparing for now. 凯瑟琳将参加一个朋友的婚礼，现在她正在为此做准备。 四、限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别 限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句 意义 起限定作用，指特定的人或物，从句不可省略，否则原句句意不完整 仅作补充或说明作用，若去掉从句，主句意思仍然完整 结构要求 紧跟先行词，从句与先行词之间不加逗号 用逗号与先行词或主句隔开 功能 修饰先行词 修饰先行词或整个主句 引导词 所有的关系代词及关系副词 关系代词或关系副词，但是关系代词that及关系副词why除外 When you reached the village，you would first find a house whose windows were made of wood. 当你到达那个村庄时，你首先会发现一座有着木窗的房子。 They enjoyed beautiful scenery in the mountain area，where they also did some climbing. 他们在这个山区欣赏到了美景，在那里他们还做了些爬山运动。 [巧学助记] 定从分类有奥妙，限与非限看逗号； 定前必有先行词，名代两类最适宜； 定从先行很紧密，代副两词拉关系。 随堂语法练习 一、用适当的关系词填空 1. I won't forget the three years ________ I lived on the farm with farmers, ________ has a great effect on my life. 2. Opposite is St. Paul's Church, ________ you can hear some lovely music. 3. There are a great number of attractions in Tianjin, among ________ I like the Ancient Cultural Street best. 4. The number of smokers, ________ is reported, has dropped by 17 percent in just one year. 5. Sarah, ________ has taken part in shows along with top models, wants to prove that she has brains as well as beauty. 6. The parents are making changes to their previous education methods, of ________ negative effect they begin to be aware. 7. I can never forget the day ________ we worked together and the day ________ we spent together. 8. We will put off the picnic in the park until next week, ________ the weather may be better. 9. John invited about 40 people to his wedding, most of ________ are family members. 10. After a 57­day hiking, the explorers finally reached a place, ________ they believed was the South Pole. 11. When deeply absorbed in work, ________ he often was, he would forget all about eating or sleeping. 12. Vancouver's appeal consists of comfort and security, making it what Andy Yan calls a “hedge city”, ________ feature is social and political stability. 二、句型转换 1. It is known to us that the earth moves around the sun. →______________________, the earth moves around the sun. 2. He has two daughters, and both of them are college students. →He has two daughters, ____________ are college students. 3. They thanked Tom, because they could not have succeeded without his support. →They thanked Tom, ____________ support they could not have succeeded. 4. Mr. Smith is a famous scientist and I have learned a lot from him. →Mr. Smith, ____________ I have learned a lot, is a famous scientist. 5. I lost my wallet that day, so I had to walk home. →I lost my wallet that day, ____________ I had to walk home. 6. They live in a house, whose windows face south. →They live in a house, ____________________ face south. 三、根据中文提示用非限制性定语从句完成句子 1. The air quality in many cities is becoming worse and worse, ____________________________ (对整个地球是很大的威胁) to some extent. 2. A year is divided into four seasons, __________________________ (第一个季节是春季)． 3. The tourists were standing on the top of the building, ____________________________________________ (在那里他们能够欣赏到美丽的景色)． 4. ____________________________ (正如我们强调的那样) many times, “serving the people” is our first policy. 5. This letter is from my sister, ________________________ (她在上海工作)． 6. The stadium, ________________________________________ (在这里已经举行过很多重要的赛事), was built ten years ago. 7. Tom mentioned the names of a few actors, __________________________________ (他对他们评价不高)． 8. I decided to write about Chaplin, __________________________ (他的一部电影) I had seen several years before. 【精题精练精讲】 一、单句填空 1.He lost his way, ______________ delayed him considerably. 2.Hotel ______________ (accommodate) is included in the price of your holiday. 3.He lived in a beautiful country cottage which was simply and ______________ (elegant)furnished. 4.Bill was sitting and daydreaming, so his mother told him to come down ______________ earth to do his homework. 5.All of my books are on the desk, ______________ I always keep them. 6.The development of the site will have an impact on the ______________ (surround) countryside. 7.You should pay attention to your table ______________ (manner) when you are invited to a Chinese family. 8.Gas and oil ______________ (consume) always increases in cold weather. 9.The car is made mainly of ______________ (sustain) and renewable materials, like plants and vegetables. 10.This antique dealer buys and sells ______________ (antique) such as furniture, art, jewellery and china. 二、用适当的介词填空 1.______________ summary, the job is the best choice for you, I think. 2.People usually connect China ______________ silk, tea and good food. 3.Although it was snowing heavily, the soldiers still made their way ______________ the village. 4.If they have the virus, they are putting the patients ______________ risk. 5.This kind of test is unacceptable because it can result ______________ incorrect learning. 6.I think that it all comes down ______________ the fact that I am short of money. 7.How much a person can earn at this work depends ______________ his skills. 8.Scientists believe that climate change can have an impact ______________ animal evolution and ecology. 9.The government is thinking of ways to cut back ______________ energy waste. 10.Though the project isn’t perfect, it is better to look at it ______________ a whole. 三、完成句子 1.Mrs Gray, ________________________, is trying to get a job.  格雷太太的孩子们都在上大学,她想找一份工作。 2.These apple trees, ________________________, have not borne any fruit.   这些苹果树是我三年前栽的,还没有结过果实。 3.The textile mill has over 8,000 workers and staff, ________________________.   这家纺织厂有8千多职工,女职工占百分之八十。 4.In the old days, ________________________, the city had no industry to speak of.  过去这座城市无工业可言,那时我还是个小孩。 5.Many children go to a day care centre, ________________________.  很多孩子上日间托儿所,在那儿他们可以学习游戏。 【能力拓展训练】 一、七选五 Why does rain seem to make you sleepy? This spring on the east coast of the US, it feels like we’ve lost touch with the sun. In Washington, DC, 14 of the first 17 days of May were rainy. ___1___. It means that for me, May has been one of the months I've felt the sleepiest. The dull weather can hit almost all of our senses in a way that gives a sign to us it is time for a sleep. First, there's what we see-or rather, what we don't. ___2___ When it's raining and skies are cloudy, we miss out our body's internal alarm clock. As Naomi, a scientist from Central on Queensland University said, when you don't see the sunlight first thing in the morning, your body never gets the signal that it needs to shift into daytime mode. ___3___ Plants produce oils during dry periods, possibly to stop seeds from developing. When it rains, the water brings out the oils and they mix with a chemical to create a “musky” smell. ___4___. Additionally, after a thunderstorm there's a chance you may smell ozone(臭氧), which is generated when lightning interacts with the air. Some compare its smell to that of clean bed sheets. Rain sounds are also comforting. The rhythmic pattern of rain hitting a roof, umbrella, or the ground below is called "pink noise." Pink noise is a category of background noise that has all of the frequencies that human can hear and has lower volumes at higher frequencies. According to some research, it may improve our quality of sleep by decreasing our brain activity. ___5__ The difficulty in waking up, the fresh, earthy scents, and the peace of the rain tapping on windows are enough to make anyone want to go back to bed for the day. Sadly, none of this evidence is enough to justify doing so; but it can at least explain why you may feel a little sleepy on these cloudy days. A. Noises can make us feel sleepier during the daytime. B. The others have been cloudy and dull for at least part of the day. C. That earthy smell of rain can make you feel calm and comfortable. D. It makes it easier for us to wake up from our sleep the night before. E. Sunlight causes our bodies to stop producing what makes us sleepy at night F. And you'll also smell that when you are in your garden turning over your soil G. You can listen to an hour of rain on a window here, if you intend to test it out 【答案】1. B 2. E 3. C 4. F 5. G 二、完形填空 “Whenever I am in a group of people, I feel like everyone knows what to say except me. When I try to join in, I get anxious and have a struggle ____1____ words. This happens at parties or meetings and I feel ____2____—as if I were being interviewed for a job. People think I am a loner. Maybe I am?” Individuals experiencing this type of social ____3____ often avoid eye contact, because it makes them feel ____4____ and judged. The feelings of awkwardness and not fitting in with others are often frustrating. It prevents these individuals from defending and ____5____ for themselves in social environments, though they may be ____6____ at holding on to their opinions in environments that are focused on a task rather than ____7____. Fitting into groups of people requires ____8____. You need to be interested in the topics that others in the group are interested in and talk about them the way they do. Becoming a part of these groups requires that you ____9____ some of your individuality in order to accept others ____10____ and values. Some individuals are like chameleon(变色龙)in that they ____11____ pick up the patterns of different groups and ___12____ themselves accordingly. For them, this is automatic and they don’t even come to the ____13____ that they are changing themselves to fit into groups. If you are one of those people who feels ____14____ in most social group settings, it may be because you ____15____ changing the way you think in order to feel part of a group and this shouldn’t be a weakness or a failure. 1. A. reading B. pronouncing C. seeing D. writing 2. A. exposed B. ignored C. considered D. judged 3. A. status B. discomfort C. event D. response 4. A. transparent B. urgent C. frustrated D. disappointed 5. A. insisting on B. breaking down C. sticking up D. taking over 6. A. creative B. effective C. attractive D. tentative 7. A. contribution B. requirement C. assignment D. socialization 8. A. attention B. honesty C. affection D. agreement 9. A. sacrifice B. give C. examine D. present 10. A. hobbies B. approaches C. views D. promises 11. A. naturally B. partly C. vaguely D. merely 12. A. explain B. support C. help D. accommodate 13. A. conclusion B. awareness C. decision D. point 14. A. attached B. removed C. disconnected D. connected 15. A. resist B. allow C. miss D. suggest 三、语法填空 Chinese was formally announced an official language of the United Nations World Tourism Organization on January 25. That means the organization will use the Chinese language, ____1____ will enhance China’s soft power in global tourism and, by extension, the cultural domain. It will help China’s tourism growth, contributing to other countries ___2____ (adopt) its policies. Tourist attractions will also get more ____3____ (expose). The number of people learning Chinese will definitely grow. There are two main reasons for that. First, Chinese cultural and tourism authorities ____4____ (promote) Chinese culture for long. It was not until in 2006 ____5____ Spring Festival was listed as a national cultural heritage and given special protection. Now, there are many ____6____ (influence) festival lists in the world and almost all of them list the Chinese New Year or Spring Festival: many even list it at the top. Second, the year-on-year growth in the number of Chinese tourists has also played ____7____ indispensable part in promoting the Chinese language and culture. ____8____ (global), Chinese faces have become common at scenic spots. That has a lot to do ____9____ China’s improving economy and the constantly rising per capital income (人均收入). With China’s growing comprehensive capabilities, it ____10____ (hope)that its influence in other soft power domains will also grow. 【课后巩固训练】 一、阅读理解 A Four best beaches in Zanzibar Nungwi Beach This beach is located in the north of the island and is famous for its amazing sunsets and lively atmosphere. You will love the soft white sand and the crystal (水晶般的) clear water. It is one of the most beautiful beaches in Zanzibar. But, be careful with the tides, because they can rise very fast and catch you. Paje Beach Situated in the east of the island, Paje Beach is characterized by strong tides. Here you will find a relaxed atmosphere and a dream beach with crystal clear waters and silky soft sand. On top of that, you can practice water sports such as kitesurfing, because this beach is known as one of the best in the world for this activity. In addition, if you like the nightlife, here you will find a lot of bars and nightclubs to spend a fun night. Jambiani Beach Jambiani beach is one of the most remote beaches of Zanzibar and that is why it is one of our favorites. It has a length of 7 km and is located southeast of the island. It has hardly any rocks and the sand is very fine. It is a very quiet and uncrowded beach. Matemwe Beach Located on the east coast of Zanzibar, this beach is one of the longest on the island. During low tide, the water goes down 2 kilometers, and the locals take advantage of it to collect sea animals. The beach is beautiful but yes, in this particular one, it is essential to enter the water with great care and even appropriate footwear, as there are a lot of sea urchins (海胆). 1. What can visitors do when they choose Nungwi Beach? A. Catch the tides. B. Watch wonderful sunsets. C. Enjoy a colorful nightlife. D. Experience various water sports. 2. Which place is suitable for visitors to practice kitesurfing? A. Nungwi Beach. B. Paje Beach. C. Jambiani Beach. D. Matemwe Beach. 3. Who will probably be attracted to Matemwe Beach? A. Sunrise lovers. B. Brave surfers. C. Sea animal collectors. D. Nightclub frequenters. B I was cutting up lettuce in the kitchen when I suddenly remembered watching a video about soaking the lettuce stub (残余部分) in water to grow a whole new vegetable. So I took out a wide-mouthed mug(大杯) and placed the stub into it, gave it a little water, and placed it by the window. On a snowy morning I noticed the first sign. A first small leaf from its heart spread out. A tiny green flag of hope. Beaten, but not defeated. This lettuce was not done living! Within days, it was impossible to see the cuts where I had removed the leaves. The growth was explosive. And when I lifted the blossoming head out of the mug, tiny root threads fell down, seeking for the earth. What is growing here? Lettuce or hope? If I were a lettuce in a similar condition, I’d want to skeptically assess where I found myself before committing to full growth. Yet for this lettuce, my inadequate offering of water and a place by a window was enough for it to decide to reclaim itself again. It grew in a mug of water, in faith. This is the heart of this lettuce: alive, strong and fearless. It deserved a name. I decided to call it Monty. Monty wanted to grow, as we all do. I think I gave him a little love and freedom. Those two ingredients were all he needed to return to himself. I see joy in this lettuce. The return to self is always an expression of joy, which is life itself. With the right ingredients, this is the tendency of all living things. Monty still lives in a mug, but I’m going to transplant him outside. He deserves to become his full self. The only problem I see now is my capacity to support Monty. I hope I have enough of a green finger. I’m surprised to find myself where I am. Maybe Monty is, too. I have the same choice as he does: give in and decay (腐败), or start again. The prospect of starting again is discouraging. But my lettuce-friend, Monty, leads the way. I can only hope to be as brave. 4. Why did the author soak the stub in water? A. To decorate the nice mug. B. To hope that it would grow. C. To make a video in person. D. To remove his bad mood. 5. What can we infer from paragraph two? A. This lettuce showed no sign of recovery. B. This lettuce was still fighting to survive. C. Within days, I could see tiny root thread fell down. D. I could still see several cuts where there used to be leaves. 6. How would the author feel if put in the lettuce’s situation? A. Hesitant. B. Fearless. C. Aimless. D. Annoyed. 7. What can we learn from Monty? A. Never being afraid to restart yourself. B. Believing in yourself when in trouble. C. Enjoying your own life to the fullest. D. Giving freedom to the heart in a way. C In habitats across the planet, animals periodically drop everything to walk, fly or swim to a new place. Some animals such as whales and geese learn migration paths by following their parents. Others, including small songbirds, gain the distance and direction of their migration within their genetic code. And some animals use a combination of genetics and culture to guide their migration. Another group of migrators does not quite fit either model, and researchers have only recently started to figure out how they find their way. The Cory’s shearwater is an oceangoing seabird that migrates over the Atlantic every year. The young do not migrate with their parents, so culture cannot explain their journeys. And the exact paths vary wildly from individual to individual, making genetics equally unlikely. Cory’s shearwaters are long-lived, rarely producing young successfully before age nine. This leaves an opening for learning and practice to develop their migration patterns. Researchers call this the “exploration-refinement”, and until now it has been hypothetical (假设的) because of difficulties in tracking migratory animals’ movements. But a team of researchers has done that by attaching small geolocators to more than 150 of the birds aged four to nine. They found that younger birds traveled longer distances, for longer periods, and had more diverse paths than older birds. “We finally have evidence of the ‘exploration-refinement’ for migratory birds,” says Letizia Campioni, who led the study. Younger Cory’s shearwaters are able to fly just as fast as the adults——but they do not, suggesting that the young do more exploring, which gradually fades as they mature and settle into a preferred course. “Although it may seem less efficient than other strategies, exploration refinement could be beneficial to birds and other organisms in a rapidly changing world due to unpredictable man-made changes,” says Barbara Frei. “It might be safer to repeat a behavior that was recently successful than to rely on patterns that were perfected long ago but might no longer be safe.” 8. What is the first paragraph mainly about? A. It describes animals’ habitats. B. It compares different species. C. It talks about migration models. D. It introduces a tracking technology. 9. What does the underlined word “this” in Paragraph 3 refer to? A. The opening for learning and practice. B. The unique living habit of Cory’s shearwaters. C. The process scientists track Cory’s shearwaters’ movements. D. The way Cory’s shearwaters form their migration patterns. 10. What does Letizia’s study find about the younger Cory’s shearwaters? A. They travel as much as adult birds. B. They lower the speed for exploration. C. They move in a predictable manner. D. They look for a course with their parents. 11. What can we conclude from the last paragraph? A. Exploration refinement contributes to birds’ adaptability. B. Man-made changes make migration easier. C. Animals make a safer journey via a fixed track. D. A combination of strategies assures migration success D Digital reading appears to be destroying habits of “deep reading”. Astonishing numbers of people with years of schooling are in effect illiterate. This month’s Ljubljana Manifesto (宣言) explains: “The digital field may promote more reading than ever in history, but it also offers many temptations to read in a superficial and scattered (零散的) manner — or even not to read at all. This increasingly endangers higher-level reading.” That’s frightening, because “higher-level reading” has been essential to civilization. It enabled the enlightenment and an international increase in empathy. Without it, we would suffer a lot. As the Ljubljana Manifesto notes, “as much as one-third of Europeans struggle even with lower-level reading skills.” More than one-fifth of adults in the US “fall into the illiterate/functionally illiterate category”. Separately, post-pandemic reading scores for American 13-year-olds are the lowest in decades. And the Washington-based Center for Global Development recently estimated that literacy in South Asia and sub-Saharan Africa among those with five years of schooling has decreased by 10% this past half century. Experts in the Ljubljana Manifesto record the demerits of digital reading: “Recent studies of various kinds indicate a decline of critical and conscious reading, slow reading, non-strategic reading and long-form reading.” When you read a book on paper, you can be entirely inside the experience, absorb hundreds of pages of details thoroughly and begin to capture the world’s complexity. Online, says Maryanne Wolf of UCLA, we are “skimming, scanning, scrolling”. The medium is the message: doing deep reading on your phone is as hard as playing tennis with your phone. Recently, a bright 11-year-old told me I was wasting time on books: he absorbed more information faster from Wikipedia. He had a point. But digital readers also absorb more misinformation and seldom absorb fine perspectives. In short, as professors from Northwestern University foresaw in 2005, we are returning to the days when only an elite (精英) “reading class” consumes long texts, which is worrying. 12. What can we learn about digital reading from paragraph 1? A. Digital reading has solved the problem of illiteracy. B. Digital reading has lessened the practice of deep reading. C. Digital reading has made deep reading accessible to wider readers. D. Digital reading has aroused a greater appreciation for deep reading. 13. What is the purpose of the figures used in paragraph 2? A. To display the popularity of digital reading. B. To highlight the advantages of deep reading. C. To present the unfavorable situation of literacy. D. To stress the illiterate’s lower-level reading skills. 14. What does the underlined word “demerits” in paragraph 3 mean? A. Effects. B. Depths. C. Features. D. Drawbacks. 15. What might be talked about in the following paragraph? A. Advantages of digital reading. B. Benefits of higher-level reading. C. Ways to encourage digital reading. D. Measures to practice deep reading. 2、 写作 第一节 应用文写作 假定你是Frank，你的中国笔友王刚打算暑假来你的家乡加拿大旅游，发来邮件向你寻求建议。请你给他回复一封邮件，内容包括： 1. 写邮件的目的；2. 简单介绍加拿大；3. 提出建议。 注意：1. 词数80左右； 2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 Dear Wang Gang, ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Frank 第二节 读后续写 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 My parents do a lot of embarrassing things! Usually, it’s my dad who sings silly songs or tells corny jokes around my friends. But a few weeks ago, it was my mother who played the embarrassing-parent role. While my mom and I were shopping, we ran into my teacher, who mentioned that the school didn’t have a music teacher to help our class put together a performance for Winter Fair. And, right then and there, my mom said, “I know the perfect song and dance. I’ll teach it to the kids!” Before I could say “Please don’t”, my mom had agreed to come to my class every morning at 9:30 for a week. Oh, and just to be clear, it’s not as if she’s a professional entertainer. My parents run a small grocery store, and the only singing my mom does is in the shower. “Um” I said on our way home, “are you sure this is such a good idea?” “Of course! ” she said. “If we want your school Winter Fair to happen, people need to step up and volunteer.” “I know volunteering is important,” I said, “but couldn’t you help out in Tex and Indi’s kindergarten instead?” She laughed, “Don’t be silly. We will have fun!” “OK, fellas!” my teacher said at 9:28 on Monday. “We’re going to stop silent reading a little early today because a special guest is here to help us with a performance for Winter Fair. Let’s all welcome Arizona’s mother.” I looked up to discover my mom standing at the front of the room wearing the world’s silliest snowflake hat. “I’m super excited to be here with you!” my mom said, “I’m going to teach you a fun little song-and-dance performance I learned a few years back, when I did some theater in college. Here goes !” Oh please, oh please, I said over and over in my head, let there be a fire drill, or an assembly, or a power failure, or anything to stop my mom from completely embarrassing herself- and me!!! But apparently, my mom was not at all concerned about looking silly. She turned on some background music and started singing and dancing away. 注意： 1.续写词数应为150左右; 2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Paragraph 1 “I can’t believe this is happening” was all I could think. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Paragraph 2 My mom turned out to be more than a little OK at performing. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 年 级：高二 科 目：英语 内 容：选择性必修三 U1-2 Grammar and usage - Integrated skills 【同步知识梳理】 知识点1：surrounding adj. 周围的,附近的 (1)surround 　　　　　 vt. 围绕,环绕;包围 be surrounded by/with 　 被……包围/环绕 (2)surroundings 　　　 n. 周围的事物;环境 The lake is surrounded by/with tall trees and beautiful flowers. 湖的周围是高高的树木和美丽的鲜花。 The buildings have been designed to blend in with their surroundings. 这些建筑物设计巧妙,与周围环境浑然一体。 知识点2： harmony n.融洽,和睦;和谐 (1)in harmony with 与……和谐 (2)harmonious adj. 融洽的,和睦的;和谐的 inharmonious adj.不和谐的;不协调的 (3)harmoniously adv. 融洽地;和谐地 The weather gradually improved. The sky and the sea here made a harmonious picture. 天气逐渐好转。这儿的天空和大海构成了一幅和谐的画面。  知识点3：manner n.方式,方法;举止;(manners)礼貌 in a/the...manner 　　 以……的方式 in the manner of 以……的风格 It is good/bad manners to do sth. 做某事有礼貌/没礼貌 manner当“礼貌”讲时,用复数形式。 I plan to make it in an admirable manner. 我打算以一种令人钦佩的方式来做这件事。 It is thought that it’s a satire somewhat in the manner of Dickens. 人们认为,这部讽刺作品有点狄更斯的风格。 Do remember: it is bad manners to talk with your mouth full. 务必记住:嘴里塞满了东西跟人说话是不礼貌的。 知识点4：sustain vt. 使保持,使稳定持续;维持;遭受 sustainable 　　 adj. 能持续的;可持续发展的 sustainability n. 持续性 The company sustained losses of millions of dollars in the crisis. 在这次危机中,公司遭受了数百万美元的损失。 China will work hard to transform the economic development pattern and set out on a path of balanced and sustainable development. 中国将继续致力于转变经济发展方式,走出一条均衡和可持续的发展道路。 Development of renewable energy is promoted to achieve sustainability. 大力发展可再生能源,实现可持续发展。 知识点5：consumption n. 消耗, 消耗量; 消费 (1)for sb.’s consumption 　 供某人了解 (2)consume vt. 消耗;消费 (3)consumer n. 消费者 Many people are unaware of just how much food and drink they consume. 许多人并不知道他们究竟消耗掉了多少食品和饮料。 Her speech to party members was not intended for public consumption. 她对党员发表的讲话并不打算公诸大众。 知识点6：make one’s way 去,前往 feel one’s way 　 　 谨慎小心地进行,摸索前进 fight one’s way 奋斗前进, 打开一条道路 lose one’s way 迷路;误入歧途 force one’s way 挤出去,冲出去 push one’s way 推开(人群)通过,挤过 pick one’s way 小心走路 wind one’s way 蜿蜒前进 When hearing the bell, the old man made his way to the exit. 听到铃声,老人向出口走去。 As I was walking along the street, I noticed a blind man feeling his way with the stick. 当我在街上走时,我注意到一个盲人用棍子摸索着走路。 He forced his way through the crowd to the reception desk. 他从人群中挤到前台。 There is a path winding its way to the top of the mountain. 有条小路蜿蜒通向山顶。 【同步语法梳理】 非限制性定语从句 一、非限制性定语从句的特点 1．非限制性定语从句与先行词之间一般用逗号隔开，是对先行词的附加说明，如果去掉，句子剩余部分的意思仍然完整。 The children，who wanted to have a journey to the valley，were disappointed when the journey was cancelled. 那些想去山谷旅行的孩子都因旅行的取消而感到失望。 That they will get married，which has not been announced，has spread around. 他们要结婚的消息还没有被宣布，却已经被传得沸沸扬扬。 2．非限制性定语从句的先行词既可为单个的名词或代词，也可为整个句子或其中一部分，且常译成并列的分句。 We’ll graduate in July，when we will be free.(先行词为名词) 我们将于七月份毕业，到那时我们就自由了。 He often comes to school late，which makes his teacher angry.(先行词为主句的内容) 他经常上学迟到，这使得他的老师很生气。 二、引导非限制性定语从句的关系词 1．关系代词 which 指物，在从句中作主语、宾语或表语；who/whom指人，who在从句中作主语，而whom在从句中作宾语；as既可指人也可指物，在从句中作主语、宾语或表语；whose既可指人也可指物，在从句中作定语。 He has good manners，as could be judged from his behavior. 他很讲礼貌，这从他的行为可以判断出来。 Mr King，whose legs were badly hurt，was quickly taken to hospital. 金先生迅速被送去医院了，他的腿受了重伤。 2．关系副词 when指代时间，在从句中充当时间状语，可与“介词＋which”互换；where指代地点，在从句中充当地点状语，也可与“介词＋which”互换。 We will put off the outing until next Sunday，when/on which we won’t be so busy. 我们将把郊游推迟到下个星期天，那时我们就不会这么忙了。 Yesterday，they went out to have a picnic in the suburb，where/in which they had a good time. 昨天，他们到郊区去野餐了，在那里他们玩得很开心。 [名师点津]　(1)非限制性定语从句可将整个主句作为先行词，对其进行修饰，这时从句谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式。 (2)在非限制性定语从句中，先行词为reason时，关系词不用why引导，用for which代替why。 He has been busy with his work the whole holiday，which has made his girlfriend unhappy. 他一整个假期都忙于工作，这令他的女朋友很生气。 The reason，for which he couldn’t reduce his consumption，wasn’t given. 他为何不能降低消费，他没有给出任何理由。 三、as与which引导非限制性定语从句的区别 as which 指代 引导从句只能指代整个主句的内容 引导从句既可指代整个主句的内容，也可指代主句的一部分 位置 可位于主句之前，之中或之后 引导从句不能置于主句之前 意义 正如 这，那 功能 连接上下文，表达说话人的观点、看法，并指出主句内容的根据或出处等 引导的从句在意义上相当于一个并列句 As we all know，the earth moves around the sun. 众所周知，地球围绕太阳转。 The singer，as was expected，achieved a great success. 正如所期盼的那样，这位歌手取得了巨大成功。 Catherine will attend a friend’s wedding，which she is busy preparing for now. 凯瑟琳将参加一个朋友的婚礼，现在她正在为此做准备。 四、限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别 限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句 意义 起限定作用，指特定的人或物，从句不可省略，否则原句句意不完整 仅作补充或说明作用，若去掉从句，主句意思仍然完整 结构要求 紧跟先行词，从句与先行词之间不加逗号 用逗号与先行词或主句隔开 功能 修饰先行词 修饰先行词或整个主句 引导词 所有的关系代词及关系副词 关系代词或关系副词，但是关系代词that及关系副词why除外 When you reached the village，you would first find a house whose windows were made of wood. 当你到达那个村庄时，你首先会发现一座有着木窗的房子。 They enjoyed beautiful scenery in the mountain area，where they also did some climbing. 他们在这个山区欣赏到了美景，在那里他们还做了些爬山运动。 [巧学助记] 定从分类有奥妙，限与非限看逗号； 定前必有先行词，名代两类最适宜； 定从先行很紧密，代副两词拉关系。 随堂语法练习 一、用适当的关系词填空 1. I won't forget the three years ________ I lived on the farm with farmers, ________ has a great effect on my life. 2. Opposite is St. Paul's Church, ________ you can hear some lovely music. 3. There are a great number of attractions in Tianjin, among ________ I like the Ancient Cultural Street best. 4. The number of smokers, ________ is reported, has dropped by 17 percent in just one year. 5. Sarah, ________ has taken part in shows along with top models, wants to prove that she has brains as well as beauty. 6. The parents are making changes to their previous education methods, of ________ negative effect they begin to be aware. 7. I can never forget the day ________ we worked together and the day ________ we spent together. 8. We will put off the picnic in the park until next week, ________ the weather may be better. 9. John invited about 40 people to his wedding, most of ________ are family members. 10. After a 57­day hiking, the explorers finally reached a place, ________ they believed was the South Pole. 11. When deeply absorbed in work, ________ he often was, he would forget all about eating or sleeping. 12. Vancouver's appeal consists of comfort and security, making it what Andy Yan calls a “hedge city”, ________ feature is social and political stability. 二、句型转换 1. It is known to us that the earth moves around the sun. →______________________, the earth moves around the sun. 2. He has two daughters, and both of them are college students. →He has two daughters, ____________ are college students. 3. They thanked Tom, because they could not have succeeded without his support. →They thanked Tom, ____________ support they could not have succeeded. 4. Mr. Smith is a famous scientist and I have learned a lot from him. →Mr. Smith, ____________ I have learned a lot, is a famous scientist. 5. I lost my wallet that day, so I had to walk home. →I lost my wallet that day, ____________ I had to walk home. 6. They live in a house, whose windows face south. →They live in a house, ____________________ face south. 三、根据中文提示用非限制性定语从句完成句子 1. The air quality in many cities is becoming worse and worse, ____________________________ (对整个地球是很大的威胁) to some extent. 2. A year is divided into four seasons, __________________________ (第一个季节是春季)． 3. The tourists were standing on the top of the building, ____________________________________________ (在那里他们能够欣赏到美丽的景色)． 4. ____________________________ (正如我们强调的那样) many times, “serving the people” is our first policy. 5. This letter is from my sister, ________________________ (她在上海工作)． 6. The stadium, ________________________________________ (在这里已经举行过很多重要的赛事), was built ten years ago. 7. Tom mentioned the names of a few actors, __________________________________ (他对他们评价不高)． 8. I decided to write about Chaplin, __________________________ (他的一部电影) I had seen several years before. 答案 一、用适当的关系词填空 1. when; which　2. where　3. which　4. as　5. Who 6. whose　7. when; which/that　8. when　9. Whom 10. which　11. which/as　12. whose 二、句型转换 1. As is known to us　2. both of whom　3. without whose　4. from whom　5. for which　 6. the windows of which/of which the windows 三、根据中文提示用非限制性定语从句完成句子 1. which is a great threat to the whole earth　2. the first of which is spring　3. where they could enjoy the beautiful view　4. As we have stressed　5. who is working in Shanghai　6. where/in which many important events have been held　7. whom he did not think highly of　8. one of whose films 【精题精练精讲】 一、单句填空 1.He lost his way, ______________ delayed him considerably. 2.Hotel ______________ (accommodate) is included in the price of your holiday. 3.He lived in a beautiful country cottage which was simply and ______________ (elegant)furnished. 4.Bill was sitting and daydreaming, so his mother told him to come down ______________ earth to do his homework. 5.All of my books are on the desk, ______________ I always keep them. 6.The development of the site will have an impact on the ______________ (surround) countryside. 7.You should pay attention to your table ______________ (manner) when you are invited to a Chinese family. 8.Gas and oil ______________ (consume) always increases in cold weather. 9.The car is made mainly of ______________ (sustain) and renewable materials, like plants and vegetables. 10.This antique dealer buys and sells ______________ (antique) such as furniture, art, jewellery and china. 二、用适当的介词填空 1.______________ summary, the job is the best choice for you, I think. 2.People usually connect China ______________ silk, tea and good food. 3.Although it was snowing heavily, the soldiers still made their way ______________ the village. 4.If they have the virus, they are putting the patients ______________ risk. 5.This kind of test is unacceptable because it can result ______________ incorrect learning. 6.I think that it all comes down ______________ the fact that I am short of money. 7.How much a person can earn at this work depends ______________ his skills. 8.Scientists believe that climate change can have an impact ______________ animal evolution and ecology. 9.The government is thinking of ways to cut back ______________ energy waste. 10.Though the project isn’t perfect, it is better to look at it ______________ a whole. 三、完成句子 1.Mrs Gray, ________________________, is trying to get a job.  格雷太太的孩子们都在上大学,她想找一份工作。 2.These apple trees, ________________________, have not borne any fruit.   这些苹果树是我三年前栽的,还没有结过果实。 3.The textile mill has over 8,000 workers and staff, ________________________.   这家纺织厂有8千多职工,女职工占百分之八十。 4.In the old days, ________________________, the city had no industry to speak of.  过去这座城市无工业可言,那时我还是个小孩。 5.Many children go to a day care centre, ________________________.  很多孩子上日间托儿所,在那儿他们可以学习游戏。 答案一、1.He lost his way, which delayed him considerably. 2.Hotel accommodation (accommodate) is included in the price of your holiday. 3.He lived in a beautiful country cottage which was simply and elegantly (elegant)furnished. 4.Bill was sitting and daydreaming, so his mother told him to come down to earth to do his homework. 5.All of my books are on the desk, where I always keep them. 6.The development of the site will have an impact on the surrounding (surround) countryside. 7.You should pay attention to your table manners (manner) when you are invited to a Chinese family. 8.Gas and oil consumption (consume) always increases in cold weather. 9.The car is made mainly of sustainable (sustain) and renewable materials, like plants and vegetables. 10.This antique dealer buys and sells antiques (antique) such as furniture, art, jewellery and china. 二、 1.In summary, the job is the best choice for you, I think. 2.People usually connect China with silk, tea and good food. 3.Although it was snowing heavily, the soldiers still made their way to the village. 4.If they have the virus, they are putting the patients at risk. 5.This kind of test is unacceptable because it can result in incorrect learning. 6.I think that it all comes down to the fact that I am short of money. 7.How much a person can earn at this work depends on his skills. 8.Scientists believe that climate change can have an impact on animal evolution and ecology. 9.The government is thinking of ways to cut back on energy waste. 10.Though the project isn’t perfect, it is better to look at it as a whole. 三、 1.Mrs Gray, whose children are in college, is trying to get a job.  2.These apple trees, which I planted three years ago, have not borne any fruit.   3.The textile mill has over 8,000 workers and staff, eighty percent of whom are women.   4.In the old days, when I was a little boy, the city had no industry to speak of.  5.Many children go to a day care centre, where they can learn games.  【能力拓展训练】 一、七选五 Why does rain seem to make you sleepy? This spring on the east coast of the US, it feels like we’ve lost touch with the sun. In Washington, DC, 14 of the first 17 days of May were rainy. ___1___. It means that for me, May has been one of the months I've felt the sleepiest. The dull weather can hit almost all of our senses in a way that gives a sign to us it is time for a sleep. First, there's what we see-or rather, what we don't. ___2___ When it's raining and skies are cloudy, we miss out our body's internal alarm clock. As Naomi, a scientist from Central on Queensland University said, when you don't see the sunlight first thing in the morning, your body never gets the signal that it needs to shift into daytime mode. ___3___ Plants produce oils during dry periods, possibly to stop seeds from developing. When it rains, the water brings out the oils and they mix with a chemical to create a “musky” smell. ___4___. Additionally, after a thunderstorm there's a chance you may smell ozone(臭氧), which is generated when lightning interacts with the air. Some compare its smell to that of clean bed sheets. Rain sounds are also comforting. The rhythmic pattern of rain hitting a roof, umbrella, or the ground below is called "pink noise." Pink noise is a category of background noise that has all of the frequencies that human can hear and has lower volumes at higher frequencies. According to some research, it may improve our quality of sleep by decreasing our brain activity. ___5__ The difficulty in waking up, the fresh, earthy scents, and the peace of the rain tapping on windows are enough to make anyone want to go back to bed for the day. Sadly, none of this evidence is enough to justify doing so; but it can at least explain why you may feel a little sleepy on these cloudy days. A. Noises can make us feel sleepier during the daytime. B. The others have been cloudy and dull for at least part of the day. C. That earthy smell of rain can make you feel calm and comfortable. D. It makes it easier for us to wake up from our sleep the night before. E. Sunlight causes our bodies to stop producing what makes us sleepy at night F. And you'll also smell that when you are in your garden turning over your soil G. You can listen to an hour of rain on a window here, if you intend to test it out 【答案】1. B 2. E 3. C 4. F 5. G 【解析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了为什么雨天会让人犯困。 【16题详解】空前说在华盛顿特区，5月前17天中有14天下雨，此处承接上文，讲的是另外几天的天气情况，故B项（其他几天一天中至少有一段时间多云）符合语境。 【17题详解】空后说下雨和多云时，我们会错过体内的闹钟，因此此处会提到晴天（阳光）对我们身体的影响，故E项（阳光会让我们的身体停止产生让我们晚上犯困的东西）符合语境。 【18题详解】空后说下雨时，雨水会把植物在晴天时产生的油带出来，油和一种化学物质混合，产生一种“麝香味”，因此此处说的是雨天会产生一种什么味道，故C项（雨水中的土腥味能让你感到平静和舒适）符合语境。 【19题详解】空前说下雨时，雨水会把油带出来，油和一种化学物质混合，产生一种“麝香味”，此处承接上文，讲的还是关于“麝香味”这一话题，F项中的that指代的就是前面提到的“a "musky” smell”，故F项（当你在花园里翻土的时候，你也会闻到这种味道）符合语境。 【20题详解】空前说根据一些研究，雨点的滴答声可以通过减少大脑活动来改善我们的睡眠质量，此处承接上文，讲的是你可以通过听雨来检验这一点，故G项（如果你想测试一下，你可以在窗前听一小时的雨声）符合语境。 【点睛】在七选五的解题过程中，选项中的代词与空处上下文出现的某一（些）名词的指代关系往往是重要线索，例如本篇第4题，根据空前的“When it rains, the water brings out the oils and they mix with a chemical to create a "musky””可知，下雨时，雨水会把油带出来，油和一种化学物质混合，产生一种“麝香味”，此处承接上文，讲的还是关于“麝香味”这一话题，F项中的that指代的就是前面提到的“a "musky” smell”，故F项（当你在花园里翻土的时候，你也会闻到这种味道）符合语境。 二、完形填空 “Whenever I am in a group of people, I feel like everyone knows what to say except me. When I try to join in, I get anxious and have a struggle ____1____ words. This happens at parties or meetings and I feel ____2____—as if I were being interviewed for a job. People think I am a loner. Maybe I am?” Individuals experiencing this type of social ____3____ often avoid eye contact, because it makes them feel ____4____ and judged. The feelings of awkwardness and not fitting in with others are often frustrating. It prevents these individuals from defending and ____5____ for themselves in social environments, though they may be ____6____ at holding on to their opinions in environments that are focused on a task rather than ____7____. Fitting into groups of people requires ____8____. You need to be interested in the topics that others in the group are interested in and talk about them the way they do. Becoming a part of these groups requires that you ____9____ some of your individuality in order to accept others ____10____ and values. Some individuals are like chameleon(变色龙)in that they ____11____ pick up the patterns of different groups and ___12____ themselves accordingly. For them, this is automatic and they don’t even come to the ____13____ that they are changing themselves to fit into groups. If you are one of those people who feels ____14____ in most social group settings, it may be because you ____15____ changing the way you think in order to feel part of a group and this shouldn’t be a weakness or a failure. 1. A. reading B. pronouncing C. seeing D. writing 2. A. exposed B. ignored C. considered D. judged 3. A. status B. discomfort C. event D. response 4. A. transparent B. urgent C. frustrated D. disappointed 5. A. insisting on B. breaking down C. sticking up D. taking over 6. A. creative B. effective C. attractive D. tentative 7. A. contribution B. requirement C. assignment D. socialization 8. A. attention B. honesty C. affection D. agreement 9. A. sacrifice B. give C. examine D. present 10. A. hobbies B. approaches C. views D. promises 11. A. naturally B. partly C. vaguely D. merely 12. A. explain B. support C. help D. accommodate 13. A. conclusion B. awareness C. decision D. point 14. A. attached B. removed C. disconnected D. connected 15. A. resist B. allow C. miss D. suggest 【答案】1. B 2. D 3. B 4. A 5. C 6. B 7. D 8. D 9. A 10. C 11. A 12. D 13. B 14. C 15. A 【解析】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要解释的是要想融入一个群体往往需要牺牲自己的一些个性去达到与整个群体的一致，有些人可以自然地做到这一点，有些人却往往感觉社交不适，但拒绝改变思维方式去融入一个群体也不是缺点或者失败。 【21题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我试着加入的时候，我就会感到焦虑，并且很难说出话来。A. reading阅读；B. pronouncing发音，说话；C. seeing看见；D. writing写作。根据上文中的“Whenever I am in a group of people, I feel like everyone knows what to say except me.”可知，说这段话的人认为当自己与别人在一起时，自己不知道该说什么，结合“I get anxious”可知，此处指的是感觉很难“说出话”。故选B。 【22题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：这种情况发生在聚会或会议上，我觉得自己受到了评判——就好像我在面试一份工作一样。A. exposed接触；B. ignored忽视；C. considered考虑；D. judged评判。根据下文中的“as if I were being interviewed for a job”可知，在聚会或者会议上，说这段话的人觉得像是面试找工作一样，所以此处指的是“评判”。故选D。 【23题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：遇到这种社交不适的人通常会避免目光接触，因为这让他们觉得自己被看透，被人评判。A. status地位；B. discomfort不适；C. event重大事件；D. response回应。根据上文描述的不知道说什么、感到焦虑的经历可知，此处指遇到这种社交不适的人。故选B。 【24题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：遇到这种社交不适的人通常会避免目光接触，因为这让他们觉得自己被看透，被人评判。A. transparent透明的；B. urgent紧急的；C. frustrated沮丧的；D. disappointed失望的。根据上文中的“Individuals experiencing this type of social ___3___ often avoid eye contact”以及“because”可知，上下文之间为因果关系，这样的人经常避免目光接触，是因为眼神接触会使得他们觉得自己被看透，被评判，所以“透明的”符合语境。故选A。 【25题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：它阻止了这些人在社会环境中为自己辩护和维护自己，尽管他们可能在专注于任务而不是社交的环境中有效地坚持自己的观点。A. insisting on坚持；B. breaking down出故障；C. sticking up竖起；D. talking over讨论。根据上文中的“The feelings of awkwardness and not fitting in with others are often frustrating.”可知，尴尬和不适会让他们感到沮丧，结合空前的“It prevents these individuals from defending”以及“and”可知，这就阻止了这些人捍卫和“维护”自己，stick up for sb.是固定短语，意为“支持某人，维护某人”。故选C。 【26题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：它阻止了这些人在社会环境中为自己辩护和维护自己，尽管他们可能在专注于任务而不是社交的环境中有效地坚持自己的观点。A. creative创造性的；B. effective有效的；C. attractive吸引人的；D. tentative试探性的。根据空前的“though”可知，此处语义有转折，结合下文中的“holding on to their opinions in environments that are focused on a task rather than ___7___”可推知，在专注于任务的环境中，这些人能有效保持自己的观点。故选B。 【27题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：它阻止了这些人在社会环境中为自己辩护和维护自己，尽管他们可能在专注于任务而不是社交的环境中有效地坚持自己的观点。A. contribution贡献；B. requirement需求；C. assignment任务；D. socialization社会化。根据上文中的“they may be ___6___ at holding on to their opinions in environments that are focused on a task”以及“rather than”可知，此处描述的是不擅长社交的人在专注于任务时可以有效坚持自己观点，与任务相对的应该是“社会化”。故选D。 【28题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：融入群体需要达成一致。A. attention注意力；B. honesty诚实；C. affection喜爱；D. agreement一致性。根据下文中的“You need to be interested in the topics that others in the group are interested in and talk about them the way they do.”可知，要想融入一个群体，你需要对群体中的其他人的话题感兴趣，并且按照他们的方式讨论问题，也就是要与其他人一致。故选D。 【29题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：成为这些群体的一员需要你牺牲一些个性来接受别人的观点和价值观。A. sacrifice牺牲；B. give给予；C. examine检测；D. present提交。根据上文中的“You need to be interested in the topics that others in the group are interested in and talk about them the way they do.”可知，要融入一个群体中，要与群体中的其他人一致，那就要“牺牲”自己的一点个性。故选A。 【30题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：成为这些群体的一员需要你牺牲一些个性来接受别人的观点和价值观。A. hobbies业余爱好；B. approaches方法；C. views观点；D. promises承诺。根据下文中的“and values”可知，空处与values并列，作accept的宾语，由此推知，views“观点”符合语境，表示去接受别人的“观点”和价值观。故选C。 【31题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：有些人就像变色龙一样，因为他们自然地接受不同群体的模式，并相应地使自己适应。A. naturally自然地；B. partly部分地；C. vaguely含糊地；D. merely仅仅。根据上文中的“Some individuals are like chameleon (变色龙)”可知，有些人就像变色龙一样，而变色龙可以自然地与周围环境融入一体，所以此处指的是这样的人可以“自然地”接受不同群体的模式。故选A。 【32题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：有些人就像变色龙一样，因为他们自然地接受不同群体的模式，并相应地使自己适应。A. explain解释；B. support支持；C. help帮助；D. accommodate适应。根据上文中的“pick up the patterns of different groups”以及下文中的“accordingly”可知，这样的人能接受不同群体的模式，因此也就能让自己“适应”群体。故选D。 【33题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：对他们来说，这是自动的，他们甚至没有意识到他们正在改变自己以适应群体。A. conclusion结论；B. awareness意识；C. decision决定；D. point观点。根据上文中的“For them, this is automatic”可知，对他们来说，适应群体是自动的反应，所以此处指的是他们都没有“意识到”自己正在改变。故选B。 【34题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：如果你是那些在大多数社会群体中感到疏离的人之一，那可能是因为你拒绝为了感觉自己是群体的一部分而改变思维方式，这不应该是一个弱点或失败。A. attached附属的；B. removed被清除的；C. disconnected被疏远的；D. connected有联系的。根据下文中的“and this shouldn’t be a weakness or a failure”可知，作者认为这并不应该是一个弱点或者失败，由此可猜测，此处谈论的应是不擅长社交的人，所以此处指的是在大多数社会群体中感到“被疏远”。故选C。 【35题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果你是那些在大多数社会群体中感到疏离的人之一，那可能是因为你拒绝为了感觉自己是群体的一部分而改变思维方式，这不应该是一个弱点或失败。A. resist抵制；B. allow允许；C. miss错过；D. suggest建议。根据下文中的“and this shouldn’t be a weakness or a failure”可知，作者认为这并不应该是一个弱点或者失败，由此可猜测，此处谈论的应是不擅长社交的人，这样的人往往“拒绝”为成为群体中的一员而改变自己的思维方式。故选A。 三、语法填空 Chinese was formally announced an official language of the United Nations World Tourism Organization on January 25. That means the organization will use the Chinese language, ____1____ will enhance China’s soft power in global tourism and, by extension, the cultural domain. It will help China’s tourism growth, contributing to other countries ___2____ (adopt) its policies. Tourist attractions will also get more ____3____ (expose). The number of people learning Chinese will definitely grow. There are two main reasons for that. First, Chinese cultural and tourism authorities ____4____ (promote) Chinese culture for long. It was not until in 2006 ____5____ Spring Festival was listed as a national cultural heritage and given special protection. Now, there are many ____6____ (influence) festival lists in the world and almost all of them list the Chinese New Year or Spring Festival: many even list it at the top. Second, the year-on-year growth in the number of Chinese tourists has also played ____7____ indispensable part in promoting the Chinese language and culture. ____8____ (global), Chinese faces have become common at scenic spots. That has a lot to do ____9____ China’s improving economy and the constantly rising per capital income (人均收入). With China’s growing comprehensive capabilities, it ____10____ (hope)that its influence in other soft power domains will also grow. 【答案】1. which 2. adopting 3. exposure 4. have been promoting 5. that 6. influential 7. an 8. Globally 9. with 10. is hoped 【解析】这是一篇说明文。在1月25日，联合国世界旅游组织正式宣布中文为官方语言的事实，文章介绍了这一举动的影响以及原因。 【36题详解】考查定语从句。句意：这意味着该组织将使用汉语，这将增强中国在全球旅游业以及文化领域的软实力。分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰前边的句子，关系词在从句中作主语，应用which引导从句。故填which。 【37题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：它将帮助中国旅游增长，导致其他国家采用的政策。本句谓语为will help，此处应用非谓语动词，contribute to后应该用名词或动名词作宾语，所以，此处应该用动名词和空格前的other countries构成动名词复合结构作宾语。故填adopting。 【38题详解】考查名词。句意：旅游景点也将得到更多的曝光。分析句子结构可知，本空填不可数名词exposure“曝光”，作get的宾语。故填exposure。 【39题详解】考查动词时态。句意：首先，中国文化和旅游部门长期以来一直在推广中国文化。结合句意和for long可知，本句时态用现在完成进行时，且主语Chinese cultural and tourism authorities为复数，故助动词用have。故填have been promoting。 【40题详解】考查强调句型。句意：直到2006年，春节才被列为国家文化遗产并给予特殊保护。分析句子结构可知，句为not until的强调句型，构成为It was/is not until...that...。故填that。 【41题详解】考查形容词。句意：现在，世界上有许多有影响力的节日名单，几乎所有的名单都把中国的新年或春节列在首位，很多甚至把它列在首位。分析句子结构可知，本空填形容词influential“有影响力的”，作定语，修饰名词festival。故填influential。 【42题详解】考查冠词。句意：其次，中国游客数量的逐年增长也为推广中国语言和文化发挥了不可或缺的作用。paly a(n)...part in“起……作用”，且indispensable为元音音素开头，故indispensable前用冠词an。故填an。 【43题详解】考查副词。句意：在全球范围内，中国面孔在景点已经变得很常见。分析句子结构可知，本空填副词Globally“在全球范围内”，作状语，位于句首，首字母大写。故填Globally。 【44题详解】考查介词。句意：那与中国不断改善的经济和不断上升的人均收入有很大关系。have sth. to do with为固定结构，表示“与……有关系”。故填with。 【45题详解】考查动词时态、动词语态和主谓一致。句意：随着中国综合实力的不断增强，希望中国在其他软实力领域的影响力也会增长。it是形式主语，that引导的是主语从句，和动词hope“希望”之间是被动关系，且句子是描述一个事实，应用一般现在时的被动语态，主语为第三人称单数，be动词用is。故填is hoped。 【课后巩固训练】 一、阅读理解 A Four best beaches in Zanzibar Nungwi Beach This beach is located in the north of the island and is famous for its amazing sunsets and lively atmosphere. You will love the soft white sand and the crystal (水晶般的) clear water. It is one of the most beautiful beaches in Zanzibar. But, be careful with the tides, because they can rise very fast and catch you. Paje Beach Situated in the east of the island, Paje Beach is characterized by strong tides. Here you will find a relaxed atmosphere and a dream beach with crystal clear waters and silky soft sand. On top of that, you can practice water sports such as kitesurfing, because this beach is known as one of the best in the world for this activity. In addition, if you like the nightlife, here you will find a lot of bars and nightclubs to spend a fun night. Jambiani Beach Jambiani beach is one of the most remote beaches of Zanzibar and that is why it is one of our favorites. It has a length of 7 km and is located southeast of the island. It has hardly any rocks and the sand is very fine. It is a very quiet and uncrowded beach. Matemwe Beach Located on the east coast of Zanzibar, this beach is one of the longest on the island. During low tide, the water goes down 2 kilometers, and the locals take advantage of it to collect sea animals. The beach is beautiful but yes, in this particular one, it is essential to enter the water with great care and even appropriate footwear, as there are a lot of sea urchins (海胆). 1. What can visitors do when they choose Nungwi Beach? A. Catch the tides. B. Watch wonderful sunsets. C. Enjoy a colorful nightlife. D. Experience various water sports. 2. Which place is suitable for visitors to practice kitesurfing? A. Nungwi Beach. B. Paje Beach. C. Jambiani Beach. D. Matemwe Beach. 3. Who will probably be attracted to Matemwe Beach? A. Sunrise lovers. B. Brave surfers. C. Sea animal collectors. D. Nightclub frequenters. 【答案】1. B 2. B 3. C 【解析】本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了桑给巴尔最好的四个海滩。 【1题详解】细节理解题。根据“Nungwi Beach”中“This beach is located in the north of the island and is famous for its amazing sunsets and lively atmosphere.(这个海滩位于岛的北部，以其令人惊奇的日落和热闹的气氛而闻名)”可知，该海滩可以观赏美妙的日落景象。故选B项。 【2题详解】细节理解题。根据“Paje Beach”中“On top of that, you can practice water sports such as kitesurfing, because this beach is known as one of the best in the world for this activity.(除此之外，你还可以练习水上运动，比如风筝冲浪，因为这个海滩被认为是世界上最好的风筝冲浪海滩之一)”可知，在Paje Beach可以体验风筝冲浪。故选B项。 【3题详解】细节理解题。根据“Matemwe Beach”中“During low tide, the water goes down 2 kilometers, and the locals take advantage of it to collect sea animals.(在退潮时，海水会下降2公里，当地人会利用这个机会收集海洋动物)”可知，在海滩有机会收集海洋动物，会吸引海洋动物的收集者。故选C项。 B I was cutting up lettuce in the kitchen when I suddenly remembered watching a video about soaking the lettuce stub (残余部分) in water to grow a whole new vegetable. So I took out a wide-mouthed mug(大杯) and placed the stub into it, gave it a little water, and placed it by the window. On a snowy morning I noticed the first sign. A first small leaf from its heart spread out. A tiny green flag of hope. Beaten, but not defeated. This lettuce was not done living! Within days, it was impossible to see the cuts where I had removed the leaves. The growth was explosive. And when I lifted the blossoming head out of the mug, tiny root threads fell down, seeking for the earth. What is growing here? Lettuce or hope? If I were a lettuce in a similar condition, I’d want to skeptically assess where I found myself before committing to full growth. Yet for this lettuce, my inadequate offering of water and a place by a window was enough for it to decide to reclaim itself again. It grew in a mug of water, in faith. This is the heart of this lettuce: alive, strong and fearless. It deserved a name. I decided to call it Monty. Monty wanted to grow, as we all do. I think I gave him a little love and freedom. Those two ingredients were all he needed to return to himself. I see joy in this lettuce. The return to self is always an expression of joy, which is life itself. With the right ingredients, this is the tendency of all living things. Monty still lives in a mug, but I’m going to transplant him outside. He deserves to become his full self. The only problem I see now is my capacity to support Monty. I hope I have enough of a green finger. I’m surprised to find myself where I am. Maybe Monty is, too. I have the same choice as he does: give in and decay (腐败), or start again. The prospect of starting again is discouraging. But my lettuce-friend, Monty, leads the way. I can only hope to be as brave. 4. Why did the author soak the stub in water? A. To decorate the nice mug. B. To hope that it would grow. C. To make a video in person. D. To remove his bad mood. 5. What can we infer from paragraph two? A. This lettuce showed no sign of recovery. B. This lettuce was still fighting to survive. C. Within days, I could see tiny root thread fell down. D. I could still see several cuts where there used to be leaves. 6. How would the author feel if put in the lettuce’s situation? A. Hesitant. B. Fearless. C. Aimless. D. Annoyed. 7. What can we learn from Monty? A. Never being afraid to restart yourself. B. Believing in yourself when in trouble. C. Enjoying your own life to the fullest. D. Giving freedom to the heart in a way. 【答案】4. B 5. B 6. A 7. A 【解析】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章讲述了作者把一段生菜泡在水中，长出了枝叶繁茂的样子。作者认为重新开始的前景令人沮丧，但希望自己也能像生菜那样勇敢。 【4题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段“I was cutting up lettuce in the kitchen when I suddenly remembered watching a video about soaking the lettuce stub (残余部分) in water to grow a whole new vegetable. So I took out a wide-mouthed mug and placed the stub into it, gave it a little water, and placed it by the window.(我在厨房里切生菜时，突然想起看了一段视频，讲的是把生菜茎浸泡在水中能长出一种全新的蔬菜。于是我拿出一个宽口马克杯，把生菜茎放进去，给它一点水)”可知，作者把生菜泡在水中的原因是希望能看到它生长，故选B。 【5题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段“A first small leaf from its heart spread out. A tiny green flag of hope. Beaten, but not defeated. This lettuce was not done living!(第一片小叶子从它的中心伸出来。希望的小绿旗。被打倒了，但没有被打败。生菜没有放弃生存!)”可推知，这棵生菜还在挣扎求生。故选B。 【6题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段“If I were a lettuce in a similar condition, I’d want to skeptically assess where I found myself before committing to full growth.(如果我是一棵处于类似状况的生菜，我会先怀疑地评估一下自己的状况，然后再开始全面生长)”可知，如果作者处于生菜的状况之下，作者会犹豫不决，故选A。 【7题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段“The prospect of starting again is discouraging. But my lettuce-friend, Monty, leads the way. I can only hope to be as brave.( 重新开始的前景令人沮丧。但是我的莴苣朋友蒙蒂在前面带路。我只希望能像你一样勇敢)”可知，蒙蒂告诉我们：要勇敢，不要惧怕重新开始， 故选A。 C In habitats across the planet, animals periodically drop everything to walk, fly or swim to a new place. Some animals such as whales and geese learn migration paths by following their parents. Others, including small songbirds, gain the distance and direction of their migration within their genetic code. And some animals use a combination of genetics and culture to guide their migration. Another group of migrators does not quite fit either model, and researchers have only recently started to figure out how they find their way. The Cory’s shearwater is an oceangoing seabird that migrates over the Atlantic every year. The young do not migrate with their parents, so culture cannot explain their journeys. And the exact paths vary wildly from individual to individual, making genetics equally unlikely. Cory’s shearwaters are long-lived, rarely producing young successfully before age nine. This leaves an opening for learning and practice to develop their migration patterns. Researchers call this the “exploration-refinement”, and until now it has been hypothetical (假设的) because of difficulties in tracking migratory animals’ movements. But a team of researchers has done that by attaching small geolocators to more than 150 of the birds aged four to nine. They found that younger birds traveled longer distances, for longer periods, and had more diverse paths than older birds. “We finally have evidence of the ‘exploration-refinement’ for migratory birds,” says Letizia Campioni, who led the study. Younger Cory’s shearwaters are able to fly just as fast as the adults——but they do not, suggesting that the young do more exploring, which gradually fades as they mature and settle into a preferred course. “Although it may seem less efficient than other strategies, exploration refinement could be beneficial to birds and other organisms in a rapidly changing world due to unpredictable man-made changes,” says Barbara Frei. “It might be safer to repeat a behavior that was recently successful than to rely on patterns that were perfected long ago but might no longer be safe.” 8. What is the first paragraph mainly about? A. It describes animals’ habitats. B. It compares different species. C. It talks about migration models. D. It introduces a tracking technology. 9. What does the underlined word “this” in Paragraph 3 refer to? A. The opening for learning and practice. B. The unique living habit of Cory’s shearwaters. C. The process scientists track Cory’s shearwaters’ movements. D. The way Cory’s shearwaters form their migration patterns. 10. What does Letizia’s study find about the younger Cory’s shearwaters? A. They travel as much as adult birds. B. They lower the speed for exploration. C. They move in a predictable manner. D. They look for a course with their parents. 11. What can we conclude from the last paragraph? A. Exploration refinement contributes to birds’ adaptability. B. Man-made changes make migration easier. C. Animals make a safer journey via a fixed track. D. A combination of strategies assures migration success 【答案】8. C 9. D 10. B 11. A 【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了动物迁徙的遗传和文化两种模式，以及一种鸟类通过探索和精炼学习迁徙模式的特殊方式。 【8题详解】主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“In habitats across the planet, animals periodically drop everything to walk, fly or swim to a new place. Some animals such as whales and geese learn migration paths by following their parents. Others, including small songbirds, gain the distance and direction of their migration within their genetic code. And some animals use a combination of genetics and culture to guide their migration. (在世界各地的栖息地，动物们会周期性地放下一切，步行、飞行或游泳到一个新的地方。一些动物，如鲸鱼和鹅，通过跟随父母来学习迁徙路线。其他鸟类，包括小型鸣禽，通过遗传密码获得迁徙的距离和方向。有些动物利用基因和文化的结合来指导它们的迁徙。)”可知，第一段主要描述了动物的不同的迁徙模式。故选C。 【9题详解】词句猜测题。根据划线单词上文“Cory’s shearwaters are long-lived, rarely producing young successfully before age nine. This leaves an opening for learning and practice to develop their migration patterns. (科里的海鸥寿命很长，很少能在9岁之前成功繁殖后代。这为学习和实践发展它们的迁移模式留下了空间。)”可知，上文提到了该海鸥长寿的特点以及其不断开发迁徙模式。由此可知，划线单词“this”指的是该海鸥形成这种迁徙模式的方法。故选D。 【10题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第四段“Younger Cory’s shearwaters are able to fly just as fast as the adults——but they do not, suggesting that the young do more exploring, which gradually fades as they mature and settle into a preferred course. (年轻的科里海鸥能飞得和成年海鸥一样快——但它们不会这样，这表明年轻的海鸥会做更多的探索，随着它们成熟并适应一个首选的路线，这种探索会逐渐消失。)”可知，年轻的科里海鸥为了进行更多的探索而降低了自己的飞行速度。故选B。 【11题详解】推理判断题。根据文章最后一段““Although it may seem less efficient than other strategies, exploration refinement could be beneficial to birds and other organisms in a rapidly changing world due to unpredictable man-made changes,” says Barbara Frei. “It might be safer to repeat a behavior that was recently successful than to rely on patterns that were perfected long ago but might no longer be safe.” (Barbara Frei说：“尽管与其他策略相比，这种方法似乎效率较低，但在一个由于不可预测的人为变化而迅速变化的世界中，探索改进可能对鸟类和其他生物有益。重复最近成功的行为可能比依赖很久以前完善但可能不再安全的模式更安全。”)”可知，这种鸟类的这种探索改进虽然效率低，但是更有助于鸟类在这个瞬息万变的世界存活下去，也就是说探索迁徙路线会有助于鸟类的适应性。故选A。 D Digital reading appears to be destroying habits of “deep reading”. Astonishing numbers of people with years of schooling are in effect illiterate. This month’s Ljubljana Manifesto (宣言) explains: “The digital field may promote more reading than ever in history, but it also offers many temptations to read in a superficial and scattered (零散的) manner — or even not to read at all. This increasingly endangers higher-level reading.” That’s frightening, because “higher-level reading” has been essential to civilization. It enabled the enlightenment and an international increase in empathy. Without it, we would suffer a lot. As the Ljubljana Manifesto notes, “as much as one-third of Europeans struggle even with lower-level reading skills.” More than one-fifth of adults in the US “fall into the illiterate/functionally illiterate category”. Separately, post-pandemic reading scores for American 13-year-olds are the lowest in decades. And the Washington-based Center for Global Development recently estimated that literacy in South Asia and sub-Saharan Africa among those with five years of schooling has decreased by 10% this past half century. Experts in the Ljubljana Manifesto record the demerits of digital reading: “Recent studies of various kinds indicate a decline of critical and conscious reading, slow reading, non-strategic reading and long-form reading.” When you read a book on paper, you can be entirely inside the experience, absorb hundreds of pages of details thoroughly and begin to capture the world’s complexity. Online, says Maryanne Wolf of UCLA, we are “skimming, scanning, scrolling”. The medium is the message: doing deep reading on your phone is as hard as playing tennis with your phone. Recently, a bright 11-year-old told me I was wasting time on books: he absorbed more information faster from Wikipedia. He had a point. But digital readers also absorb more misinformation and seldom absorb fine perspectives. In short, as professors from Northwestern University foresaw in 2005, we are returning to the days when only an elite (精英) “reading class” consumes long texts, which is worrying. 12. What can we learn about digital reading from paragraph 1? A. Digital reading has solved the problem of illiteracy. B. Digital reading has lessened the practice of deep reading. C. Digital reading has made deep reading accessible to wider readers. D. Digital reading has aroused a greater appreciation for deep reading. 13. What is the purpose of the figures used in paragraph 2? A. To display the popularity of digital reading. B. To highlight the advantages of deep reading. C. To present the unfavorable situation of literacy. D. To stress the illiterate’s lower-level reading skills. 14. What does the underlined word “demerits” in paragraph 3 mean? A. Effects. B. Depths. C. Features. D. Drawbacks. 15. What might be talked about in the following paragraph? A. Advantages of digital reading. B. Benefits of higher-level reading. C. Ways to encourage digital reading. D. Measures to practice deep reading. 【答案】12. B 13. C 14. D 15. D 【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了数字阅读对深度阅读习惯的破坏性影响，以及深度阅读在文明和人类发展中的重要性。 【12题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段中“Digital reading appears to be destroying habits of “deep reading”. (数字阅读似乎正在破坏“深度阅读”的习惯。)”和“The digital field may promote more reading than ever in history, but it also offers many temptations to read in a superficial and scattered (零散的) manner — or even not to read at all. This increasingly endangers higher-level reading.(数字领域可能比历史上任何时候都促进了更多的阅读，但它也提供了许多诱惑，以肤浅和分散的方式阅读——甚至根本不阅读。这越来越危及更高水平的阅读。)”可知，数字阅读削弱了深度阅读的实践。故选B项。 【13题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段中“As the Ljubljana Manifesto notes, “as much as one-third of Europeans struggle even with lower-level reading skills.” More than one-fifth of adults in the US “fall into the illiterate/functionally illiterate category”. Separately, post-pandemic reading scores for American 13-year-olds are the lowest in decades. And the Washington-based Center for Global Development recently estimated that literacy in South Asia and sub-Saharan Africa among those with five years of schooling has decreased by 10% this past half century. (正如《卢布尔雅那宣言》所指出的，“多达三分之一的欧洲人甚至在较低水平的阅读技能上挣扎。”超过五分之一的美国成年人“属于文盲/功能性文盲”。另外，大流行后美国13岁儿童的阅读分数是几十年来最低的。总部位于华盛顿的全球发展中心(Center for Global Development)最近估计，在过去的半个世纪里，南亚和撒哈拉以南非洲地区接受过5年教育的儿童的识字率下降了10%。)”可知，这些数字展示了目前读写能力的状况不容乐观。故选C项。 【14题详解】词句猜测题。根据划线词所在句“Experts in the Ljubljana Manifesto record the demerits of digital reading: “Recent studies of various kinds indicate a decline of critical and conscious reading, slow reading, non-strategic reading and long-form reading.” (《卢布尔雅那宣言》的专家们记录了数字阅读的demerits：“最近各种各样的研究表明，批判性阅读、有意识阅读、慢读、非战略性阅读和长篇阅读的数量正在下降。”)”中“a decline of critical and conscious reading, slow reading, non-strategic reading and long-form reading”可知，这些都是数字阅读盛行带来的问题和弊端，所以划线词demerits与drawbacks同义，意为“缺点，弊端 ”。故选D项。 【15题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段“In short, as professors from Northwestern University foresaw in 2005, we are returning to the days when only an elite (精英) “reading class” consumes long texts, which is worrying. (简而言之，正如西北大学的教授们在2005年所预见的那样，我们正在回到只有精英“阅读阶层”才会阅读长文本的时代，这令人担忧。)”可知，文章最后表达了作者对现状的担忧，害怕我们会回到只有精英“阅读阶层”才会阅读长文本的时代。由此推知，作者接下来可能会就如何练习深度阅读给出具体的建议。故选D项。 2、 写作 第一节 应用文写作 假定你是Frank，你的中国笔友王刚打算暑假来你的家乡加拿大旅游，发来邮件向你寻求建议。请你给他回复一封邮件，内容包括： 1. 写邮件的目的；2. 简单介绍加拿大；3. 提出建议。 注意：1. 词数80左右； 2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 Dear Wang Gang, ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Frank 【答案】Dear Wang Gang, I’m very pleased to hear that you are going to travel to Canada during the summer holiday. I’d like to introduce Canada to you briefly. Canada is a beautiful country which surely owns many funny tourist attractions, including Stanley Park, Niagara Falls, Banff National Park and so on. Located in the northern hemisphere, Canada has almost the same seasons as China. In Canada, most of the region is English-speaking, but it is worth paying attention to that Quebec and New Brunswick are French-speaking, so the locals may not understand English. I suggest you take the time to do a detailed travel strategy before your trip. Yours, Frank 【解析】 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生给中国笔友王刚回复一封邮件，为他即将进行的加拿大暑假之旅提出建议并简单介绍加拿大。 【详解】1.词汇积累 高兴的：pleased→glad 拥有：own→possess 留意：pay attention to→take notice of 建议：suggest→advise 2.句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：Located in the northern hemisphere, Canada has almost the same seasons as China. 拓展句：Canada, which is located in the northern hemisphere, has almost the same seasons as China. 【点睛】[高分句型1] Canada is a beautiful country which surely owns many funny tourist attractions, including Stanley Park, Niagara Falls, Banff National Park and so on. (运用了which引导的定语从句和现在分词作状语) [高分句型2] In Canada, most of the region is English-speaking, but it is worth paying attention to that Quebec and New Brunswick are French-speaking, so the locals may not understand English. (运用了it作形式主语和that引导的主语从句) 第二节 读后续写 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 My parents do a lot of embarrassing things! Usually, it’s my dad who sings silly songs or tells corny jokes around my friends. But a few weeks ago, it was my mother who played the embarrassing-parent role. While my mom and I were shopping, we ran into my teacher, who mentioned that the school didn’t have a music teacher to help our class put together a performance for Winter Fair. And, right then and there, my mom said, “I know the perfect song and dance. I’ll teach it to the kids!” Before I could say “Please don’t”, my mom had agreed to come to my class every morning at 9:30 for a week. Oh, and just to be clear, it’s not as if she’s a professional entertainer. My parents run a small grocery store, and the only singing my mom does is in the shower. “Um” I said on our way home, “are you sure this is such a good idea?” “Of course! ” she said. “If we want your school Winter Fair to happen, people need to step up and volunteer.” “I know volunteering is important,” I said, “but couldn’t you help out in Tex and Indi’s kindergarten instead?” She laughed, “Don’t be silly. We will have fun!” “OK, fellas!” my teacher said at 9:28 on Monday. “We’re going to stop silent reading a little early today because a special guest is here to help us with a performance for Winter Fair. Let’s all welcome Arizona’s mother.” I looked up to discover my mom standing at the front of the room wearing the world’s silliest snowflake hat. “I’m super excited to be here with you!” my mom said, “I’m going to teach you a fun little song-and-dance performance I learned a few years back, when I did some theater in college. Here goes !” Oh please, oh please, I said over and over in my head, let there be a fire drill, or an assembly, or a power failure, or anything to stop my mom from completely embarrassing herself- and me!!! But apparently, my mom was not at all concerned about looking silly. She turned on some background music and started singing and dancing away. 注意： 1.续写词数应为150左右; 2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Paragraph 1 “I can’t believe this is happening” was all I could think. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Paragraph 2 My mom turned out to be more than a little OK at performing. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】“I can't believe this is happening” was all I could think. I closed my eyes, covered my ears and shrank as low as I possibly could in my chair. After a few seconds, though, I mustered up enough courage to uncover one ear and peek through a half-open eye. That’s when I saw the expression of pure joy on my mom’s face. She was having so much fun that I couldn’t help smiling. My classmates clapped and cheered, and I heard someone say, “Wow! Arizona’s mother is pretty talented!” My mom turned out to be more than a little OK at performing. She was also good at teaching us the song and the dance steps, too. We learned quickly. By the time of the fair, I was actually proud of her for putting herself out there for the sake of us kids. Our performance at the Winter Fair was a huge success. As we drove home, I said to my mom, “I’m really glad you volunteered to help my class with the performance.” My mom reached back and squeezed my hand. “Thanks for saying that. I can see why you might’ve been embarrassed, but I had such a great time.” 【解析】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了作者的班级缺少音乐老师帮助准备冬季博览会的表演，作者的母亲主动要求帮忙，但是作者认为母亲会让自己尴尬。出乎作者意料的是，母亲不但表演得很好，也很会教课。作者感谢母亲为自己班级所做的一切，同时为母亲感到自豪的故事。 【详解】1.段落续写： ①由第一段首句内容“‘我不敢相信这会发生’是我唯一能想到的。”可知，第一段可描写作者害怕母亲会让自己感到尴尬，后来发现母亲表演得很好，获得了全班同学的认可。 ②由第二段首句内容“结果我的妈妈表演的非常好。”可知，第二段可描写母亲演出获得了成功，作者为母亲感到骄傲。 2.续写线索：作者尴尬——母亲表现出色——同学欢呼——表演成功——自豪 3.词汇激活 行为类 ①鼓起勇气：muster up courage /gather all the courage/summon up courage ②擅长于：be good at/be skilled in 情绪类 ①引以为豪：be proud of/take pride in ②欢乐：joy/happiness/delight 【点睛】【高分句型1】That’s when I saw the expression of pure joy on my mom’s face.（运用了when引导表语从句） 【高分句型2】She was having so much fun that I couldn’t help smiling.（运用了so…that引导的状语从句） 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $