Unit 4 Protecting the environment 词汇同步笔记 清单 2024-2025学年高中英语沪外版选择性必修第三册
2025-11-22
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摘要:
该沪外版选必3 Unit 4环境保护主题词汇同步笔记,作为高中英语知识清单,系统梳理从基础环境术语(如atmosphere, carbon dioxide)到核心环保概念(如greenhouse effect, glacier retreat)再到实践表达(如reduce packaging, take part in clean-up)的词汇体系,构建从认知到应用的学习支架。
知识链路按“术语-概念-行动”逻辑分层,每个词汇涵盖词形变化、派生词、核心考点及情境例句。通过主题关联强化语言能力,结合环保情境培育社会责任感(文化意识),结构化梳理提升学习效率(学习能力),助力学生系统掌握主题词汇并形成环保表达能力。
内容正文:
沪外版选必3 Unit 4 Protecting the environment.词汇同步笔记
序号
单词
词形变化
派生词
核心考点
例句
1
villain n. 恶棍;坏蛋;(小说、戏剧等中的)主要反面人物,反派主角,坏人
复数:villains
villainous adj. 邪恶的
1. movie villain(电影反派)2. main villain(主要反派)
He played the villain in the new film and impressed the audience.(他在新电影里扮演反派,给观众留下了深刻印象。)
2
atmosphere n. (围绕地球的)大气,大气层,大气圈
不可数
atmospheric adj. 大气的
1. Earth's atmosphere(地球大气层)2. create an atmosphere(营造氛围)
Plants need carbon dioxide in the atmosphere to photosynthesize.(植物需要大气中的二氧化碳进行光合作用。)
3
carbon dioxide n. (symb. CO₂) 二氧化碳
无词形变化
无
1. carbon dioxide emissions(二氧化碳排放)2. absorb carbon dioxide(吸收二氧化碳)
Trees absorb carbon dioxide and release oxygen into the air.(树木吸收二氧化碳,向空气中释放氧气。)
4
poisonous adj. 引起中毒的;有毒的
比较级:more poisonous;最高级:most poisonous
poison v. 毒害;poison n. 毒药
1. poisonous gas(有毒气体)2. poisonous plants(有毒植物)
Some mushrooms in the forest are highly poisonous and inedible.(森林里有些蘑菇有剧毒,不能食用。)
5
harm n. 伤害;损害
不可数;动词过去式/过去分词:harmed
harmful adj. 有害的;harmless adj. 无害的
1. do harm to(对……有害)2. no harm done(没造成伤害)
Smoking does great harm to people's respiratory system.(吸烟对人体呼吸系统危害极大。)
6
absorb v. 吸收(液体、气体或其他物质从表面、空间等)
过去式/过去分词:absorbed
absorption n. 吸收;absorbent adj. 吸收性的
1. absorb water(吸水)2. absorb knowledge(吸收知识)
Cotton cloth can absorb water quickly.(棉布能快速吸水。)
7
convert v. (使)转变,转换,转化
过去式/过去分词:converted
conversion n. 转换;convertible adj. 可转换的
1. convert into(转换为)2. convert energy(转换能量)
Solar panels convert sunlight into electrical energy.(太阳能板将阳光转换为电能。)
8
tissue n. (人、动植物细胞的)组织
复数:tissues
tissue paper n. 纸巾
1. muscle tissue(肌肉组织)2. facial tissues(面巾纸)
The human body is composed of various types of tissues.(人体由多种组织构成。)
9
being n. 生物;存在
复数:beings
human being n. 人类
1. living beings(生物)2. sentient beings(有情众生)
All living beings on Earth depend on water and air.(地球上所有生物都依赖水和空气生存。)
10
oxygen n. 氧;氧气
不可数
oxygenate v. 供氧;oxygen-rich adj. 富氧的
1. breathe oxygen(呼吸氧气)2. oxygen supply(供氧)
Divers carry oxygen tanks to breathe underwater.(潜水员携带氧气瓶在水下呼吸。)
11
apparently adv. 看来;显然;据……所知
无比较级/最高级
apparent adj. 明显的
1. apparently true(显然是真的)2. apparently healthy(表面健康的)
Apparently, she hasn't received our invitation yet.(显然,她还没收到我们的邀请。)
12
likelihood n. 可能;可能性
不可数
likely adj. 可能的;adv. 可能
1. the likelihood of(……的可能性)2. high likelihood(高可能性)
There is a high likelihood of heavy rain this weekend.(这周末有很大可能下大雨。)
13
splash v. (液体)泼洒;哗啦哗啦地溅;劈里啪啦地落
过去式/过去分词:splashed;复数:splashes
splashy adj. 溅湿的
1. splash water(泼水)2. splash down(溅落)
The children splashed water at each other happily in the pool.(孩子们在泳池里开心地互相泼水。)
14
crowded adj. 人(太)多的;拥挤的
比较级:more crowded;最高级:most crowded
crowd n. 人群;v. 拥挤
1. crowded street(拥挤的街道)2. be crowded with(挤满……)
The subway is always crowded during rush hour.(高峰时段地铁总是很拥挤。)
15
valley n. 谷;山谷;溪谷;流域
复数:valleys
valley floor n. 谷底
1. mountain valley(山谷)2. river valley(河谷)
A small village is nestled in the deep mountain valley.(一个小村庄坐落在深山峡谷中。)
16
drown v. 浸透;淹没;浸泡;(使)淹死,溺死
过去式/过去分词:drowned
drowning adj. 溺水的
1. drown in water(溺水)2. drown out(淹没声音)
The loud thunder drowned out her voice.(响亮的雷声淹没了她的声音。)
17
productive adj. 生产的;(尤指)多产的
比较级:more productive;最高级:most productive
product v. 生产;productivity n. 生产力
1. productive work(高效的工作)2. productive land(肥沃的土地)
Farmers use fertilizers to make the land more productive.(农民使用化肥让土地更肥沃多产。)
18
infrared adj. 红外线的;使用红外线的
无比较级/最高级
infrared radiation n. 红外线辐射
1. infrared camera(红外相机)2. infrared light(红外线)
Infrared cameras can detect heat sources in dark environments.(红外相机能在黑暗环境中探测热源。)
19
radiation n. 辐射;放射线
不可数
radioactive adj. 放射性的
1. nuclear radiation(核辐射)2. solar radiation(太阳辐射)
Too much ultraviolet radiation from the sun is harmful to skin.(太阳过多的紫外线辐射对皮肤有害。)
20
greenhouse effect n. 温室效应
无词形变化
无
1. the greenhouse effect(温室效应)2. reduce the greenhouse effect(减缓温室效应)
The greenhouse effect is one of the main causes of global warming.(温室效应是全球变暖的主要原因之一。)
21
concentration n. 浓度;含量;专心;专注
不可数
concentrate v. 集中;专注
1. concentration of pollutants(污染物浓度)2. concentration on study(专注于学习)
The concentration of PM2.5 in the air has decreased significantly.(空气中PM2.5的浓度已显著下降。)
22
steadily adv. 稳定地;稳固地;有规则地
无比较级/最高级
steady adj. 稳定的;steadiness n. 稳定性
1. grow steadily(稳步增长)2. develop steadily(稳步发展)
The country's economy has grown steadily over the past five years.(过去五年,这个国家的经济稳步增长。)
23
upwards adv. (数量、价格)上升,上涨,提高;向上;向高处
无比较级/最高级
upward adj. 向上的
1. rise upwards(向上上升)2. upwards of(多于;超过)
The temperature will rise upwards in the next few days.(未来几天气温将持续上升。)
24
decade n. 十年,十年期(尤指一个年代)
复数:decades
decadal adj. 十年的
1. over the decades(几十年来)2. in the past decade(在过去十年里)
Great changes have taken place in our hometown in the past decade.(过去十年,我们的家乡发生了巨大变化。)
25
mild adj. (天气)温和的;和煦的;温和的;和善的;不严厉的
比较级:milder;最高级:mildest
mildly adv. 温和地
1. mild climate(温和的气候)2. mild punishment(温和的惩罚)
Spring in Kunming has a mild and pleasant climate.(昆明的春天气候温和宜人。)
26
glacier n. 冰川
复数:glaciers
glacial adj. 冰川的
1. polar glaciers(极地冰川)2. melting glaciers(融化的冰川)
Melting glaciers will cause sea levels to rise.(冰川融化会导致海平面上升。)
27
retreat v. 离开;离去;退去;后退;退却;撤退
过去式/过去分词:retreated;复数:retreats
无
1. glacier retreat(冰川退缩)2. beat a retreat(撤退)
The enemy was forced to retreat after fierce fighting.(经过激烈战斗,敌人被迫撤退。)
28
polar adj. 极地的;近地极的;南极(或北极)的
无比较级/最高级
polar bear n. 北极熊;polar region n. 极地
1. polar ice(极地冰)2. polar climate(极地气候)
Polar bears are adapted to living in cold polar regions.(北极熊适应了在寒冷的极地生活。)
29
demonstrate v. 证明;证实;论证;说明
过去式/过去分词:demonstrated
demonstration n. 演示;示威
1. demonstrate a theory(证明理论)2. demonstrate how to do(演示如何做)
The experiment demonstrated that the new method is effective.(实验证明这种新方法是有效的。)
30
what’s more 更有甚者;更为重要的是
无词形变化
无
1. what's more(更重要的是)
He is not only hardworking, but what's more, he is very creative.(他不仅勤奋,而且更重要的是,他很有创造力。)
31
serve as 可用作,可当……使(尤指别无选择时)
无词形变化
无
1. serve as a bridge(充当桥梁)2. serve as a reminder(作为提醒)
This old building can serve as a community library.(这座旧建筑可以用作社区图书馆。)
32
come about 发生
无词形变化
无
1. how did it come about(这是怎么发生的)2. come about naturally(自然发生)
No one knows exactly how the accident came about.(没人确切知道这起事故是怎么发生的。)
33
come in 在……中起作用;参与
无词形变化
无
1. come in useful(派上用场)2. come in first(获得第一名)
His experience in foreign trade came in handy for the new project.(他的外贸经验在新项目中派上了用场。)
34
make up 形成;构成
无词形变化
无
1. make up the majority(占大多数)2. make up for(弥补)
Young people make up the majority of the company's employees.(年轻人占公司员工的大多数。)
35
Manhattan 曼哈顿区美国纽约市行政区名
专有,无词形变化
无
1. in Manhattan(在曼哈顿)2. Manhattan Island(曼哈顿岛)
Many international companies have their headquarters in Manhattan.(许多国际公司的总部设在曼哈顿。)
36
Florida 佛罗里达州[美国州名]
专有,无词形变化
无
1. in Florida(在佛罗里达州)2. Florida Keys(佛罗里达群岛)
Florida is famous for its beautiful beaches and warm weather.(佛罗里达州以其美丽的海滩和温暖的天气而闻名。)
37
British Isles 不列颠群岛西欧
专有,无词形变化
无
1. the British Isles(不列颠群岛)
The British Isles consist of Great Britain, Ireland and other small islands.(不列颠群岛由大不列颠、爱尔兰和其他小岛组成。)
38
Nile 尼罗河非洲东北部
专有,无词形变化
无
1. the Nile River(尼罗河)2. along the Nile(沿着尼罗河)
The Nile River is the longest river in the world, flowing through several countries.(尼罗河是世界上最长的河流,流经多个国家。)
39
Greenland 格陵兰(岛)北美洲东北
专有,无词形变化
无
1. in Greenland(在格陵兰)2. Greenland ice sheet(格陵兰冰盖)
Greenland is the largest island in the world, covered mostly by ice.(格陵兰是世界上最大的岛屿,大部分被冰覆盖。)
40
marine adj. 海的;海产的;海生的
无比较级/最高级
marine life n. 海洋生物;maritime adj. 海事的
1. marine ecosystem(海洋生态系统)2. marine animals(海洋动物)
Pollution is seriously damaging the marine ecosystem.(污染正在严重破坏海洋生态系统。)
41
packaging n. 包装材料;外包装
不可数
package v. 包装;n. 包裹
1. plastic packaging(塑料包装)2. environmentally friendly packaging(环保包装)
We should reduce the use of disposable plastic packaging.(我们应该减少一次性塑料包装的使用。)
42
garbage n. (especially NAmE)(生活)垃圾;废物
不可数
garbage bin n. 垃圾桶
1. take out the garbage(倒垃圾)2. garbage collection(垃圾收集)
Please separate recyclable garbage from other waste.(请将可回收垃圾与其他垃圾分开。)
43
turtle n. 海龟
复数:turtles
sea turtle n. 海龟
1. protect sea turtles(保护海龟)2. turtle eggs(海龟蛋)
Sea turtles are an endangered species and need urgent protection.(海龟是濒危物种,需要紧急保护。)
44
jellyfish n. 水母;海蜇
复数:jellyfish/jellyfishes
无
1. poisonous jellyfish(有毒水母)2. ocean jellyfish(海洋水母)
Swimmers should be careful of jellyfish when swimming in the sea.(在海里游泳时,游泳者要小心水母。)
45
block v. 堵塞;阻塞
过去式/过去分词:blocked;复数:blocks
无
1. block the road(堵塞道路)2. block a pipe(堵塞管道)
A traffic accident blocked the main road for two hours.(一场交通事故导致主干道堵塞了两个小时。)
46
poison v. 毒死;毒害
过去式/过去分词:poisoned;复数:poisons
poisonous adj. 有毒的
1. poison water sources(污染水源)2. deadly poison(致命毒药)
Industrial waste has poisoned the river in this area.(工业废料污染了这个地区的河流。)
47
survey n. 民意调查;民意测验
复数:surveys;动词过去式/过去分词:surveyed
surveyor n. 测量员
1. conduct a survey(进行调查)2. public opinion survey(民意调查)
The school conducted a survey about students' after-school activities.(学校进行了一项关于学生课外活动的调查。)
48
threaten v. 危及;对……构成威胁
过去式/过去分词:threatened
threat n. 威胁;threatening adj. 威胁性的
1. threaten to do(扬言要做)2. threaten the environment(威胁环境)
Deforestation threatens the survival of many wild animals.(森林砍伐威胁着许多野生动物的生存。)
49
sustain v. 维持(生命、生存)
过去式/过去分词:sustained
sustainable adj. 可持续的;sustainability n. 可持续性
1. sustain life(维持生命)2. sustain economic growth(维持经济增长)
Clean water and fresh air are necessary to sustain life.(清洁的水和新鲜的空气是维持生命的必要条件。)
50
element n. 要素;基本部分;典型部分
复数:elements
elementary adj. 基本的;初级的
1. basic elements(基本要素)2. chemical elements(化学元素)
Carbon is one of the most important chemical elements on Earth.(碳是地球上最重要的化学元素之一。)
51
cycle n. 循环;自行车;摩托车
复数:cycles;动词过去式/过去分词:cycled
recycle v. 回收利用;cyclist n. 骑自行车的人
1. life cycle(生命周期)2. carbon cycle(碳循环)
The carbon cycle plays a key role in regulating the Earth's climate.(碳循环在调节地球气候方面起着关键作用。)
52
trap v. 使落入险境;使陷入困境
过去式/过去分词:trapped;复数:traps
无
1. trap sb. in(把某人困在……)2. set a trap(设陷阱)
The hikers were trapped in the mountain by the heavy snow.(徒步旅行者被大雪困在了山里。)
53
live on 仅以(一种食物)为主要食物
无词形变化
无
1. live on plants(以植物为食)2. live on memories(靠回忆生活)
Giant pandas live mainly on bamboo.(大熊猫主要以竹子为食。)
54
throw away 扔掉;丢弃;抛弃
无词形变化
无
1. throw away waste(扔掉垃圾)2. throw away an opportunity(错失机会)
Don't throw away useful things; we can reuse them.(不要扔掉有用的东西,我们可以重复利用。)
55
take part in 参与某事
无词形变化
无
1. take part in activities(参加活动)2. take part in a competition(参加比赛)
All students are encouraged to take part in sports activities.(鼓励所有学生参加体育活动。)
56
keep ... off 使……不接近(或不接触、远离)某人/事物
无词形变化
无
1. keep off the grass(勿踏草坪)2. keep pests off(防止害虫靠近)
The sign on the lawn says "Keep off the grass".(草坪上的牌子写着“请勿践踏草坪”。)
57
International Coastal Clean-up 国际海岸清理活动
专有,无词形变化
无
1. join the International Coastal Clean-up(参加国际海岸清理活动)
Thousands of volunteers joined the International Coastal Clean-up last year.(去年数千名志愿者参加了国际海岸清理活动。)
58
Great Pacific Garbage Patch 大太平洋垃圾带
专有,无词形变化
无
1. the Great Pacific Garbage Patch(大太平洋垃圾带)
The Great Pacific Garbage Patch is a huge accumulation of marine debris.(大太平洋垃圾带是一个巨大的海洋垃圾堆积区。)
59
University of Queensland 昆士兰大学(澳大利亚)
专有,无词形变化
无
1. study at the University of Queensland(在昆士兰大学学习)
She graduated from the University of Queensland with a master's degree.(她从昆士兰大学毕业,获得了硕士学位。)
60
Ocean Conservancy 海洋保护协会
专有,无词形变化
无
1. supported by the Ocean Conservancy(由海洋保护协会支持)
The marine protection project is supported by the Ocean Conservancy.(这个海洋保护项目得到了海洋保护协会的支持。)
61
USA United States of America 美利坚合众国,美国
专有,无词形变化
无
1. in the USA(在美国)2. USA culture(美国文化)
Many famous universities in the USA attract international students.(美国许多著名大学吸引着国际学生。)
62
environmentalists n. 环境保护论者
复数:environmentalists
environment n. 环境;environmental adj. 环境的
1. environmentalist group(环保组织)2. famous environmentalist(著名环保人士)
Environmentalists are calling for stricter pollution control measures.(环保人士呼吁采取更严格的污染控制措施。)
63
significance n. (尤指对将来有影响的)重要性,意义
不可数
significant adj. 重要的;significantly adv. 显著地
1. great significance(重大意义)2. the significance of(……的重要性)
This scientific discovery has great significance for medical progress.(这一科学发现对医学进步具有重大意义。)
64
profit n. 利润;收益;赢利
复数:profits;动词过去式/过去分词:profited
profitable adj. 有利可图的;profitably adv. 有利地
1. make a profit(获利)2. profit from(从……获益)
The company made a substantial profit in the last fiscal year.(这家公司在上一财年获得了丰厚的利润。)
65
honourable adj. 可敬的;值得钦佩的
比较级:more honourable;最高级:most honourable
honour n. 荣誉;honour v. 尊敬
1. honourable behavior(可敬的行为)2. honourable person(值得钦佩的人)
He is an honourable man who always keeps his promises.(他是个可敬的人,总是信守承诺。)
66
optimistic adj. 乐观的;抱乐观看法的
比较级:more optimistic;最高级:most optimistic
optimism n. 乐观主义;optimist n. 乐观主义者
1. be optimistic about(对……乐观)2. optimistic view(乐观看法)
We are optimistic about the future development of the company.(我们对公司的未来发展持乐观态度。)
67
pessimistic adj. 悲观的;悲观主义的
比较级:more pessimistic;最高级:most pessimistic
pessimism n. 悲观主义;pessimist n. 悲观主义者
1. be pessimistic about(对……悲观)2. pessimistic attitude(悲观态度)
Some people are pessimistic about the effect of the new policy.(有些人对新政策的效果持悲观态度。)
68
neutral adj. 中立的;持平的;无倾向性的
无比较级/最高级
neutrality n. 中立;neutralize v. 中和
1. neutral position(中立立场)2. neutral color(中性色)
Switzerland has maintained a neutral position in international conflicts.(瑞士在国际冲突中一直保持中立立场。)
69
consequence n. 结果;后果
复数:consequences
consequent adj. 随之发生的;consequently adv. 因此
1. bad consequences(不良后果)2. face the consequences(承担后果)
His reckless driving led to serious consequences.(他的鲁莽驾驶导致了严重的后果。)
70
bin n. 垃圾箱
复数:bins
无
1. trash bin(垃圾桶)2. recycling bin(回收箱)
Please put the empty bottles into the recycling bin.(请把空瓶子放进回收箱。)
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