Unit 4 Environmental Protection-状语从句 1（讲+练）-《英语 基础模块2》（语文版2022版）

状语从句 时间，地点，原因，目的状语从句 《英语 基础模块2》（语文版2022版） Unit 4 Environmental Protection语法 导 入 目 录 一、状语从句的定义 二、时间状语从句 三、地点状语从句 四、原因状语从句 五、目的状语从句 六、巩固练习 什么是状语从句 状语从句是用句子充当状语成分，表示行为发生的时间、地点、目的、原因、方式等。 eg. When the sun comes up, Xiong Da gets up. 时间状语从句 eg. Wherever Logger Vick cuts trees, Xiong Da goes there.（无论光头强在哪砍树，熊大就去那。） 地点状语从句 什么是状语从句 状语从句是用句子充当状语成分，表示行为发生的时间、地点、目的、原因、方式等。 eg. Xiong Da protects trees because they are his home. 原因状语从句 eg. Xiong Da collects wood so that he can make fire. 目的状语从句 时间状语从句 说明主句动作发生时间的从句，常用引导词连接主句和从句。 常见引导词： when/while/as, as soon as, since,till/until, before, after... when, while和as的用法 when, while和as都可以引导时间状语从句，意为“当……时候”。若表示主句中的动词和从句中的动作同时发生，而从句的谓语动词是延续性动词时，这三个词是等同的，可以互换。 When/ While/ As we were dancing, a stranger came in. 当我们跳舞的时候，一个陌生人进来了。 When/ While/ As I was taking a bath, the telephone rang. 我在洗澡的时候，电话响了。 When/While/As she was listening to music, she fell asleep. 当她在听音乐的时候，她睡着了。 延续性动词 延续性动词 延续性动词 when, while和as的用法区别 1. when引导的时间状语从句的谓语动词既可以是延续性的，也可以是非延续性的，而while引导的时间状语从句的谓语动词只能是延续性的。 When you came in, I was talking with a few boys. 你进来时，我正在和几个男孩子谈话。 While we were waiting for the bus, it was raining heavily. 我们等公交车时，天正下着大雨。 非延续性 延续性 when, while和as的用法区别 2. while和as常表示从句的动作与主句的动作同时发生，而when表示从句的动作发生在主句的动作之前、之后，也可同时发生。 They rushed in while/ as we were discussing problems. 当我们正在讨论问题时，他们冲了进来。 When he had finished his homework, he took a short rest. 他写完作业后，休息了一会儿。 先发生 后发生 两个动作同时发生 When I got to the airport, the guests had left. 当我到达机场时，客人们已经离开了。 先发生 后发生 when, while和as的用法区别 3. while表示两个延续性动作同时发生而又有对比意义，主从句的时态通常是相同的。 While my mom was cooking dinner, my dad was setting the table. 妈妈做晚饭时，爸爸正在摆餐具。 While my grandma was telling stories, the kids were sitting quietly and listening. 奶奶讲故事时，孩子们正安静地坐着听。 对比意义 对比意义 when, while和as的用法区别 4. as意为“随着……；一边……，一边……”，常用于表示两个动作同时或者几乎同时发生 As you grow older, you will know better and better about yourself. 同时发生随着年龄的增长，你会越来越了解自己。 As he was reading, he was shaking his head. 他边读书边摇头。 同时发生 同时发生 as soon as 的用法 1. 含义：表示 “一…… 就……”，引导时间状语从句，强调主句动作在从句动作发生后立即发生，两者时间间隔极短。 eg. As soon as he heard the news, he jumped with joy. (jump紧跟在hear之后发生) as soon as 的用法 2. 时态 As soon as Xiong Da sees Logger Vick, he will call Xiong Er. 01. 主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时（“主将从现”） Xiong Da closed the cave door as soon as the wind got strong. 02. 主从句描述过去的动作时，均用一般过去时。 一般将来时 一般现在时 一般过去时 一般过去时 Since的用法 1. since引导时间状语从句时，主要表示“自从…… 以来”，强调从过去某个时间点开始的动作或状态，一直持续到现在，常与现在完成时搭配。 eg. Since I came to this city, I have made many good friends. 一般过去时 现在完成时 2. “It is/ has been+时间段+ since从句”句式表示“自从……以来有（多久）”。since从句不可以用否定句。 eg. It is/ has been 5 years since we last met. 自从我们上次见面以来已经有5年了。 until/till的用法 until/ till意为“直到……为止”。当主句为否定句时，常构成“not… until...”结构，意为“直到……才……”。 1. 主句如果是否定句，谓语动词需用非延续性动词，表示主句的动作到从句表示的时间点才开始。 否定句，谓语为非延续性动词 肯定句，谓语为延续性动词 2. 主句如果是肯定句，谓语动词需用延续性动词，表示主句的动作直到从句表示的时间点就结束。 eg. I will wait for you until/ till you come back. eg. You can’t leave until you have finished your homework. before, after的用法 before意为“在……之前”时，表示主句动作发生在从句动作之前。 after意为“在……之后”，表示主句动作发生在从句动作之后。 Please turn off the lights before you leave the classroom. 先发生 He arrived after the game started. 后发生 后发生 先发生 地点状语从句 在句子中充当地点状语的从句称为地点状语从句。 常见引导词：where（在……地方）, wherever（无论何处）等 eg. Where there are bamboos, Xiong Da takes Xiong Er. eg. Xiong Da rests where the grass is soft. eg. Everywhere he walks, Xiong Da leaves footprints. 原因状语从句 在句子中说明主句原因的从句称为原因状语从句。 引导词： because (因为） since (既然) as (由于) now that (既然) seeing that(由于) in that(因为) because引导的原因状语从句： Because he fails the exam, he is upset. Nezha fails the exam, so he is upset. —Why can’t Tom go out to play? —Because he made a mistake yesterday. 注意 1. because不能与so连用。 2. Why提问的句子，必须用because回答。 3. because+ 从句；because of + 名词/动名词。 Tom is upset because of the bad weather. 短语 since引导的原因状语从句 Since Xiong Da is brave, he isn’t afraid of monsters. 注意 语气不如because强，多放句首，既然” 表示已经知道原因，语气比because弱。 Since Nezha has magic, he can help people. as引导的原因状语从句 注意 由于；因为” 表示已经知道原因，语气比since弱。 位置很灵活 eg. As Xiong Da is strong, he can lift heavy things. eg. I’ll have to ask someone else, as you can’t deal with my problem. now that引导原因状语从句： 注意 通常和since替换，that可省略。 eg. Now that Nezha has his spear, he can fight bad guys. eg. Now that your teacher knows the truth, he isn’t angry. seeing that引导原因状语从句： eg. Seeing that it’s raining, the kid shares his umbrella with a boy. eg. Seeing that the cat is stuck, he helps it down. 由于 in that引导原因状语从句： eg. Wukong is a hero in that he protects the village. eg. Tom is kind in that he helps weak people. 注意 可以和because换用，不放句首。 目的状语从句 在句子中补充说明主句谓语动词发生的目的的状语从句。 so that (为了) in order that(为了) 常见引导词 lest/for fear that(以防、以免) in case(以防、以免) 不常见引导词 so that引导目的状语从句 例句：Xiong Da collects wood so that he can make fire. 例句：Xiong Da brings a basket so that he can hold food. 注意 so that通常放在句中。 in order that引导目的状语从句 例句：In order that the forest is safe, Xiong Da patrols every day. 例句：Nezha listens to his master carefully in order that he can learn new magic quickly. 注意 通常放在句中或句首。 lest/for fear that引导目的状语从句 例句：He wrote the name down for fear that (lest) he should forget it. 例句：He didn’t leave the kids alone for fear that they should get lost in the mountains. 注意 通常用虚拟结构，形式为 should + 动词原形 in case引导目的状语从句 例句：Tom takes extra food with him in case he gets hungry during the journey. 注意 可用虚拟语气，也可用陈述语气 例句：He wrote down the password in case he should forget it. 陈述语气 虚拟语气 目的状语从句与不定式互换 She studies hard so that she can pass the exam. She studies hard in order to pass the exam. / She studies hard so as to pass the exam. 当从句主语和主句主语一致时,可用 so as to,in order to 替换目的状语从句。 He got up early in order that he could catch the first bus. He got up early in order to catch the first bus. / He got up early so as to catch the first bus. 巩固练习 一、用适当的词填空 1．The teacher asked me to read aloud ________ the other students could hear me clearly. 2．We didn’t start our discussion ________ everyone arrived. 3．Xiong Da will build a new home ________ the air is fresh and the environment is safe in the forest. 4．We have lived here ________ my father began to work in this city. so that untill where since 巩固练习 二、单选题 1．I didn’t go to bed ________ I saw my father come back. A．after B．until C．and D．or 2．We will go mountain climbing ________ the holiday begins. A．at B．of C．as soon as D．in 3．My favourite subject is English ________ it’s interesting. A．so B．because C．but D．and 4. Dr Bethune developed training courses for local doctors and nurses ________ they could learn about how he treated the sick. A．so that B．as soon as C．because D．when B C B A Summary 一、状语从句的定义 二、时间状语从句 三、地点状语从句 四、原因状语从句 五、目的状语从句 Thanks $