Unit5 Developing ideas 基础知识梳理+练习 2025-2026学年外研版英语八年级上册

Unit 5 Developing ideas 基础知识梳理 ★ Knowledge points 1. Should rules be broken sometimes? 规则有时应该被打破吗？ should be+过去分词构成含有情态动词的被动语态，意为“应该被……”，强调动作的承受者。should be broken 意为“应该被打破”，强调规则在特定情况下是否应被打破这一被动关系。被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，结构为情态动词+be+过去分词。 2. One day, he had a sick passenger. 有一天，他搭救了一位生病的乘客。 sick 是形容词，意为“生病的”，在句中作定语修饰名词，说明名词的状态。有时也可以作表语。 sick 和 ill 都有“生病的”含义，但用法和语境有明显区别 用法 sick ill 作用 可以作定语和表语 通常只作表语 含义 “生病的”或“恶心的” 仅意为“生病的” 特殊 可表示“厌烦的”（be sick of） 无特殊含义，多用于固定短语 【学以致用】 (1) 这个生病的孩子需要看医生。 The sick child needs to see a doctor. (2) 她昨天感觉不舒服，没去上学。 She felt sick yesterday and didn’t go to school. 3. He didn’t slow down at red lights. 他在红灯处没有减速。 (1) slow down 意为“减速”，是由“动词+副词”构成的短语，这类短语的宾语是名词或代词。如果是名词，可放在短语中间或后面；如果是代词，只能放在中间。如：slow the car down/slow down the car(让汽车减速)，slow it down(让它减速)。 (2) at red lights 是介词短语作地点状语，意为“在红灯处”。 【学以致用】 (1) 下雨天开车时你应该减速。 You should slow down when driving on rainy days. (2) 司机在红灯前必须停车。 Drivers must stop at red lights. 4. He didn’t stop at red lights. 他没有在红灯前停车。 stop 的常见用法有 stop doing sth 意为“停止做某事”，stop to do sth 意为“停下来去做某事”。 【学以致用】 (1) 别说话了！老师来了。 Stop talking! The teacher is coming. (2) 他们走了一个小时后，停下来休息。 They stopped to rest after walking for an hour. 5. But in some very special situations, breaking rules can be necessary. 但在某些非常特殊的情况下，打破规则可能是必要的。 (1) in some very special situations 意为“在一些非常特殊的情况下”，用来描述动作发生的情境。例如： in difficult situations 在困难的情况下，in dangerous situations 在危险的情况下。 (2) breaking rules 是动名词短语，在句中作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。动名词具有名词的性质。例如： Reading books is good for us.(读书对我们有好处)。 (3) 情态动词 can 后接动词原形，此处 be necessary 意为“必要的”，用来表达在某种情况下某事有必要性。 【学以致用】 (1) 在某些情况下，寻求帮助可能是必要的。 In some cases, it can be necessary to ask for help. (2) 定期锻炼对身体健康可能是必要的。 Regular exercise can be necessary for physical health. 6. In some urgent situations, it might be okay to break certain rules without causing harm. 在某些紧急情况下，打破某些规则而不造成伤害或许是可以接受的。 (1) 句子中的 it 是形式主语，真正的主语是 to break certain rules without causing harm，这种结构为“It+情态动词/系动词 + adj./n. + to do sth”。例如： It is important to study hard. 努力学习很重要。 (2) In some urgent situations 意为“在一些紧急情况下”。 (3) might 是情态动词，在这里表示推测，意为“或许，可能”，是“may”的过去式，但此处不表示过去时态，语气比“may”更加委婉、不确定。 (4) without causing harm 是介词+动词的-ing形式。cause 意为“引起；造成”，常见搭配还有 cause trouble（惹麻烦）、cause problems（造成问题）。harm既可用作名词，也可用作动词。此处意为名词“伤害；损害”。常见用法 do harm to（对……有害），be harmful to（对……有害）。 【学以致用】 (1) 学好英语很重要。 It is important to learn English well. (2) 不努力学习就无法通过考试。 You can't pass the exam without studying hard. 7. Breaking rules can have very bad effects. 违反规则可能造成极其恶劣的影响。 have... effects 意为“产生……影响”，effects常用复数形式。类似的表达还有：have good effects（产生好的影响），have great effects on...（对……有重大影响）。例如： Reading books has good effects on our growth.（读书对我们的成长有好的影响。） 【学以致用】 (1) 在学校违反规则对班级秩序有不良影响。 Breaking rules in school has bad effects on the class order. (2) 良好的阅读习惯对提高你的写作技能有很大影响。 Good reading habits have great effects on improving your writing skills. Unit 5 Developing ideas 同步练习题 一、词汇选择题：选出与划线部分意思最接近的选项 1. Should rules be broken sometimes? A. made B. followed C. kept D. not obeyed 2. One day, he had a sick passenger. A. ill B. happy C. tired D. angry 3. He didn't slow down at red lights. A. go faster B. reduce speed C. stop completely D. turn around 4. Breaking rules can have very bad effects. A. results B. reasons C. rules D. ways 5. In some urgent situations, it might be okay to break certain rules. A. important B. dangerous C. emergency D. special 6. Without causing harm, we can break some rules. A. making damage B. making progress C. making rules D. making friends 7. He didn't stop at red lights. A. slow down B. go through C. come to a halt D. turn left 8. Breaking rules can be necessary in some situations. A. needed B. dangerous C. interesting D. difficult 9. Reading books has good effects on our growth. A. development B. health C. study D. work 10. They stopped to rest after walking. A. paused in order to rest B. didn't rest C. rested while walking D. walked and rested 二、语法填空题：用所给词的适当形式填空 1. Rules should be __________ (follow) by everyone. 2. The __________ (sick) child needs to see a doctor. 3. You should __________ (slow) down when driving in rain. 4. Stop __________ (talk)! The teacher is coming. 5. __________ (break) rules can be necessary sometimes. 6. It is important __________ (learn) English well. 7. Without __________ (study) hard, you can't pass the exam. 8. Good habits have great effects on __________ (improve) your skills. 9. The driver didn't stop __________ (help) the passenger. 10. Rules might be __________ (break) in urgent situations. 三、句型转换题：根据要求改写句子 1. Rules should be broken sometimes.（改为主动语态） People __________ __________ rules sometimes. 2. "Stop talking!" the teacher said.（改为间接引语） The teacher told us __________ __________ talking. 3. Breaking rules can have bad effects.（对划线部分提问） __________ __________ breaking rules have? 4. It is important to learn English well.（改为同义句） __________ English well __________ important. 5. They walked for an hour. Then they stopped to rest.（合并为一句） They stopped __________ __________ after walking for an hour. 6. The sick child needs to see a doctor.（改为一般疑问句） __________ the sick child __________ to see a doctor? 7. In some situations, breaking rules can be necessary.（对划线部分提问） __________ __________ breaking rules be necessary? 8. Drivers must stop at red lights.（改为否定句） Drivers __________ __________ stop at red lights. 9. Reading books is good for us.（改为同义句） Reading books __________ good __________ on us. 10. He didn't slow down at red lights.（改为肯定句） He __________ __________ at red lights. 四、完形填空题：根据上下文选择最佳答案 Rules are important in our daily life. They help to keep order and safety. However, in some very 1. ______ situations, breaking rules can be necessary. For example, one day a taxi driver had a 2. ______ passenger. He needed to get to the hospital quickly. So he didn't 3. ______ down at red lights. He didn't 4. ______ at red lights either. He broke the traffic rules, but he saved a life. This shows that sometimes it might be okay to 5. ______ certain rules without causing 6. ______. But we should remember that breaking rules can also have very bad 7. ______. In most cases, rules should be 8. ______. Only in urgent 9. ______ should we consider breaking them. We need to think carefully before 10. ______ any rules. 1. A. special B. normal C. funny D. easy 2. A. happy B. angry C. sick D. tired 3. A. sit B. slow C. stand D. look 4. A. go B. come C. run D. stop 5. A. make B. keep C. break D. follow 6. A. harm B. help C. fun D. progress 7. A. reasons B. effects C. rules D. ways 8. A. broken B. followed C. made D. kept 9. A. situations B. rooms C. cars D. schools 10. A. following B. keeping C. breaking D. making 五、翻译题：将下列句子翻译成英文 1. 规则有时应该被打破吗？ 2. 这个生病的孩子需要看医生。 3. 下雨天开车时你应该减速。 4. 别说话了！老师来了。 5. 在某些情况下，打破规则可能是必要的。 6. 学好英语很重要。 7. 违反规则可能造成极其恶劣的影响。 8. 良好的阅读习惯对提高你的写作技能有很大影响。 9. 他们在走了一个小时后停下来休息。 10. 在某些紧急情况下，打破某些规则而不造成伤害或许是可以接受的。 答案 一、词汇选择 1. D 2. A 3. B 4. A 5. C 6. A 7. C 8. A 9. A 10. A 二、语法填空 1. followed 2. sick 3. slow 4. talking 5. Breaking 6. to learn 7. studying 8. improving 9. to help 10. broken 三、句型转换 1. should break 2. to stop 3. What effects can 4. Learning, is 5. to rest 6. Does, need 7. When can 8. don't have to 9. has, effects 10. slowed down 四、完形填空 1. A 2. C 3. B 4. D 5. C 6. A 7. B 8. B 9. A 10. C 五、翻译 1. Should rules be broken sometimes? 2. The sick child needs to see a doctor. 3. You should slow down when driving on rainy days. 4. Stop talking! The teacher is coming. 5. In some situations, breaking rules can be necessary. 6. It is important to learn English well. 7. Breaking rules can have very bad effects. 8. Good reading habits have great effects on improving your writing skills. 9. They stopped to rest after walking for an hour. 10. In some urgent situations, it might be okay to break certain rules without causing harm. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $